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501
Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and select symptoms and conditions 31 to 150 days after testing among children and adults
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.02.2024
Tilføjet 10.02.2024
Abstract Background An increasing number of studies have described new and persistent symptoms and conditions as potential post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). However, it remains unclear whether certain symptoms or conditions occur more frequently among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with those never infected with SARS-CoV-2. We compared the occurrence of specific COVID-associated symptoms and conditions as potential PASC 31- to 150-day following a SARS-CoV-2 test among adults and children with positive and negative test results. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record (EHR) data from 43 PCORnet sites participating in a national COVID-19 surveillance program. This study included 3,091,580 adults (316,249 SARS-CoV-2 positive; 2,775,331 negative) and 675,643 children (62,131 positive; 613,512 negative) who had a SARS-CoV-2 laboratory test during March 1, 2020–May 31, 2021 documented in their EHR. We used logistic regression to calculate the odds of having a symptom and Cox models to calculate the risk of having a newly diagnosed condition associated with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test. Results After adjustment for baseline covariates, hospitalized adults and children with a positive test had increased odds of being diagnosed with ≥ 1 symptom (adults: adjusted odds ratio[aOR], 1.17[95% CI, 1.11–1.23]; children: aOR, 1.18[95% CI, 1.08–1.28]) or shortness of breath (adults: aOR, 1.50[95% CI, 1.38–1.63]; children: aOR, 1.40[95% CI, 1.15–1.70]) 31–150 days following a SARS-CoV-2 test compared with hospitalized individuals with a negative test. Hospitalized adults with a positive test also had increased odds of being diagnosed with ≥ 3 symptoms or fatigue compared with those testing negative. The risks of being newly diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio[aHR], 1.25[95% CI, 1.17–1.33]), hematologic disorders (aHR, 1.19[95% CI, 1.11–1.28]), or respiratory disease (aHR, 1.44[95% CI, 1.30–1.60]) were higher among hospitalized adults with a positive test compared with those with a negative test. Non-hospitalized adults with a positive test also had higher odds or increased risk of being diagnosed with certain symptoms or conditions. Conclusions Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially those who were hospitalized, were at higher risk of being diagnosed with certain symptoms and conditions after acute infection.
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502
Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and select symptoms and conditions 31 to 150 days after testing among children and adults
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.02.2024
Tilføjet 10.02.2024
Abstract Background An increasing number of studies have described new and persistent symptoms and conditions as potential post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). However, it remains unclear whether certain symptoms or conditions occur more frequently among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with those never infected with SARS-CoV-2. We compared the occurrence of specific COVID-associated symptoms and conditions as potential PASC 31- to 150-day following a SARS-CoV-2 test among adults and children with positive and negative test results. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record (EHR) data from 43 PCORnet sites participating in a national COVID-19 surveillance program. This study included 3,091,580 adults (316,249 SARS-CoV-2 positive; 2,775,331 negative) and 675,643 children (62,131 positive; 613,512 negative) who had a SARS-CoV-2 laboratory test during March 1, 2020–May 31, 2021 documented in their EHR. We used logistic regression to calculate the odds of having a symptom and Cox models to calculate the risk of having a newly diagnosed condition associated with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test. Results After adjustment for baseline covariates, hospitalized adults and children with a positive test had increased odds of being diagnosed with ≥ 1 symptom (adults: adjusted odds ratio[aOR], 1.17[95% CI, 1.11–1.23]; children: aOR, 1.18[95% CI, 1.08–1.28]) or shortness of breath (adults: aOR, 1.50[95% CI, 1.38–1.63]; children: aOR, 1.40[95% CI, 1.15–1.70]) 31–150 days following a SARS-CoV-2 test compared with hospitalized individuals with a negative test. Hospitalized adults with a positive test also had increased odds of being diagnosed with ≥ 3 symptoms or fatigue compared with those testing negative. The risks of being newly diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio[aHR], 1.25[95% CI, 1.17–1.33]), hematologic disorders (aHR, 1.19[95% CI, 1.11–1.28]), or respiratory disease (aHR, 1.44[95% CI, 1.30–1.60]) were higher among hospitalized adults with a positive test compared with those with a negative test. Non-hospitalized adults with a positive test also had higher odds or increased risk of being diagnosed with certain symptoms or conditions. Conclusions Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially those who were hospitalized, were at higher risk of being diagnosed with certain symptoms and conditions after acute infection.
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503
An AI-empowered indoor digital contact tracing system for COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes
Infectious Disease Modelling, 10.02.2024
Tilføjet 10.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Jiahui Meng, Justina Liu, Lin Yang, Man Sing Wong, Hilda Tsang, Boyu Yu, Jincheng Yu, Freddy Man-Hin Lam, Daihai He, Lei Yang, Yan Li, Gilman Kit-Hang Siu, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Grace Yaojie Xie, David Man, David H.K. Shum
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504
Re: ‘COVID-19 mortality among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor users’ by Stauning et al.
Carla P. Rus, J.J. Sandra Kooij
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 10.02.2024
Tilføjet 10.02.2024
The article “COVID-19 mortality among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor users—results from a nationwide cohort”, by M. A. Stauning, D. J. Gür, C. Torp-Pedersen and J. Tingleff,[1] published May 5, 2023 in this journal, is based on an analysis of comprehensive data files from Denmark. It is important that the effectiveness and safety of medicines against Covid-19, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are thoroughly investigated.
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505
COVID-19 in patients presenting with malaria-like symptoms at a primary healthcare facility in Accra, Ghana
Issabella Asamoah, Mildred Adusei-Poku, Priscilla Vandyck-Sey, Allen Steele-Dadzie, Atta Senior Kuffour, Albert Turkson, Ivy Asantewaa Asante, Kantanka Addo-Osafo, Quaneeta Mohktar, Bright Adu, Yaw A. Afrane, Kwamena W. C. Sagoe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.02.2024
Tilføjet 10.02.2024
by Issabella Asamoah, Mildred Adusei-Poku, Priscilla Vandyck-Sey, Allen Steele-Dadzie, Atta Senior Kuffour, Albert Turkson, Ivy Asantewaa Asante, Kantanka Addo-Osafo, Quaneeta Mohktar, Bright Adu, Yaw A. Afrane, Kwamena W. C. Sagoe Background Malaria is a common and severe public health problem in Ghana and largely responsible for febrile symptoms presented at health facilities in the country. Other infectious diseases, including COVID-19, may mimic malaria due to their shared non-specific symptoms such as fever and headache thus leading to misdiagnosis. This study therefore investigated COVID-19 among patients presenting with malaria-like symptoms at Korle-Bu Polyclinic, Accra, Ghana. Methods This study enrolled 300 patients presenting with malaria-like symptoms aged ≥18yrs. After consent was obtained from study patients, two to three millilitres of whole blood, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples, were collected for screening of Plasmodium falciparum using malaria rapid diagnostic test, microscopy and nested PCR, and SARS-CoV-2 using SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and Real-time PCR, respectively. The plasma and whole blood were also used for COVID-19 antibody testing and full blood counts using hematological analyser. SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing was performed using MinIon sequencing. Results The prevalence of malaria by microscopy, RDT and nested PCR were 2.3%, 2.3% and 2.7% respectively. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 by COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test and Real-time PCR were 8.7% and 20% respectively. The Delta variant was reported in 23 of 25 SARS-CoV-2 positives with CT values below 30. Headache was the most common symptom presented by study participants (95%). Comorbidities reported were hypertension, asthma and diabetes. One hundred and thirteen (37.8%) of the study participants had prior exposure to SARS CoV-2 and (34/51) 66.7% of Astrazeneca vaccinated patients had no IgG antibody. Conclusion It may be difficult to use clinical characteristics to distinguish between patients with COVID-19 having malaria-like symptoms. Detection of IgM using RDTs may be useful in predicting CT values for SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR and therefore transmission.
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506
Creation of a pandemic memory by tracing COVID-19 infections and immunity in Luxembourg (CON-VINCE)
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic swift implementation of research cohorts was key. While many studies focused exclusively on infected individuals, population based cohorts are essential for the follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 impact on public health. Here we present the CON-VINCE cohort, estimate the point and period prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, reflect on the spread within the Luxembourgish population, examine immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and ascertain the impact of the pandemic on population psychological wellbeing at a nationwide level. Methods A representative sample of the adult Luxembourgish population was enrolled. The cohort was followed-up for twelve months. SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR and serology were conducted at each sampling visit. The surveys included detailed epidemiological, clinical, socio-economic, and psychological data. Results One thousand eight hundred sixty-five individuals were followed over seven visits (April 2020—June 2021) with the final weighted period prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection of 15%. The participants had similar risks of being infected regardless of their gender, age, employment status and education level. Vaccination increased the chances of IgG-S positivity in infected individuals. Depression, anxiety, loneliness and stress levels increased at a point of study when there were strict containment measures, returning to baseline afterwards. Conclusion The data collected in CON-VINCE study allowed obtaining insights into the infection spread in Luxembourg, immunity build-up and the impact of the pandemic on psychological wellbeing of the population. Moreover, the study holds great translational potential, as samples stored at the biobank, together with self-reported questionnaire information, can be exploited in further research. Trial registration Trial registration number: NCT04379297, 10 April 2020.
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507
Additional analyses support superior efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir over molnupiravir for COVID‐19
Li‐Chen Chang, I‐Wen Chen, Kuo‐Chuan Hung
Journal of Medical Virology, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
508
The Mortality of the Spanish Flu and COVID-19 in The Netherlands: a Historical Comparison
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has been called the deadliest disease event in history. In this study, we compared the cause specific mortality of the Spanish flu (1918-1920) with the cause specific mortality of COVID-19 (2020-2022) in the Netherlands. During the period of exposure, around 50,000 people died from COVID-19 and 32,000 people from the Spanish flu. In absolute numbers, COVID-19 seems to be deadlier than Spanish flu. However, the crude mortality rates of COVID-19 and Spanish flu were respectively 287 and 486 per 100,000 inhabitants. Compared by an age standardized mortality, there would have been 28 COVID-19 and 194 Spanish flu related deaths in 1918-1920, or there would have been 214 Spanish flu and 98 COVID-19 related deaths in 2020-2022 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Thus, taking the population differences into account, the Spanish flu would have been deadlier than COVID-19.
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509
Valuation and comparison of the actual and optimal control strategy in an emerging infectious disease: Implication from a COVID-19 transmission model
Infectious Disease Modelling, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 8 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Lili Liu, Xi Wang, Ou Liu, Yazhi Li, Zhen Jin, Sanyi Tang, Xia Wang
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510
Spatio-temporal clustering analysis of COVID-19 cases in johor
Infectious Disease Modelling, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 8 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Fong Ying Foo, Nuzlinda Abdul Rahman, Fauhatuz Zahroh Shaik Abdullah, Nurul Syafiah Abd Naeeim
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511
Major cardiovascular events after COVID-19 in people with HIV
Raquel Martín-Iguacel, Sergio Moreno-Fornés, Andreu Bruguera, Jordi Aceitón, Daniel Kwakye Nomah, Ana González-Cordón, Pere Domingo, Adrian Curran, Arkaitz Imaz, David Dalmau Juanola, Joaquim Peraire, Beatriz Borjabad, Laia Arbones Fernandez, Isik Somuncu Johansen, José M. Miró, Jordi Casabona, Josep M. Llibre, the PISCIS study group
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
To assess the impact of COVID-19 on the post-acute risk of cardiovascular events (CVE) among people with HIV (PWH).
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512
Role of modifiable organisational factors in decreasing barriers to mental healthcare: a longitudinal study of mission meaningfulness, team relatedness and leadership trust among Canadian military personnel deployed on Operation LASER
Born, J., Liu, A., Sudom, K., Michaud, K., Xi, M., Fikretoglu, D.
BMJ Open, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
ObjectivesThe literature presents complex inter-relationships among individual-factors and organisational-factors and barriers to seeking mental health support after deployment. This study aims to quantify longitudinal associations between such factors and barriers to mental health support. DesignA longitudinal online survey of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel collected data at 3 months post-deployment (T1), 6 months post-deployment (T2) and 1 year post-deployment (T3). SettingIn 2020, as part of Canada’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2595 CAF personnel deployed on Operation LASER to support civilian long-term care facilities in Québec and Ontario. ParticipantsAll Operation LASER personnel were invited to participate: 1088, 582 and 497 responded at T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Most respondents were young, male, non-commissioned members. Main outcome measuresBarriers to mental health support were measured using 25 self-reported items and grouped into theory-based factors, including eight factors exploring care-seeking capabilities, opportunities and motivations; and two factors exploring moral issues. Logistic regressions estimated the crude and adjusted associations of individual and organisational characteristics (T1) with barriers (T2 and T3). ResultsWhen adjusting for sex, military rank and mental health status, increased meaningfulness of deployment was associated with lower probability of endorsing barriers related to conflicts with career goals and moral discomfort in accessing support at T2. Higher scores in trust in leadership were associated with lower probability of endorsing four barriers at T2, and five barriers at T3. ConclusionsWe identified several modifiable organisational-level characteristics that may help reduce perceived barriers to mental health support in military and other high-risk occupational populations. Results suggest that promoting individuals’ sense of purpose, instilling trust in leadership and promoting relatedness among team members may improve perceptions of access to mental health supports in the months following a domestic deployment or comparable occupational exposure.
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513
[Perspectives] Ashwin Vasan: committed to addressing NYC's health challenges
Udani Samarasekera
Lancet, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
In 2019, an inhabitant of New York City (NYC) could expect to live into their early eighties, but in 2020 that age fell to late seventies. Tackling this “challenge of falling life expectancy” is a public health priority for Ashwin Vasan, the Commissioner of the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, NY, USA. “There are many direct and indirect drivers of this drop in lifespan”, he says. “Certainly COVID-19 has caused significant excess deaths, but when you examine more closely there are other drivers like rising overdoses, increasing rates of interpersonal violence, widening birth inequities, and stubborn and inequitable chronic diseases, all influenced by mental health, access to care, social needs, and climate change”, explains Vasan, who is also on the faculty at New York\'s Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health and a primary care internist in the Division of General Medicine at New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center.
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514
[Perspectives] Hospital dogs and Sigrid Nunez's The Friend
Aminatta Forna, Daniel Marchalik
Lancet, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
The start of the COVID-19 lockdown brought with it an unprecedented spike in animal adoptions. But as policies relaxed and societies moved on from the pandemic, countless pets suddenly found themselves once again abandoned. These unwanted pets were not the only animals that ended up shelters. As millions of people worldwide died or became chronically ill from COVID-19, many animals lost their owners, highlighting a question often overlooked in hospitals: what happens to pets when their owners are no longer able to take care of them?
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515
[Articles] Undervaccination and severe COVID-19 outcomes: meta-analysis of national cohort studies in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
The HDR UK COALESCE Consortium
Lancet, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Rates of undervaccination against COVID-19 ranged from 32·8% to 49·8% across the four UK nations in summer, 2022. Undervaccination was associated with an elevated risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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516
Persistent immune abnormalities discriminate post-COVID syndrome from convalescence
Infection, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Abstract Background Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are key organizers of tissue immune responses and regulate tissue development, repair, and pathology. Persistent clinical sequelae beyond 12 weeks following acute COVID-19 disease, named post-COVID syndrome (PCS), are increasingly recognized in convalescent individuals. ILCs have been associated with the severity of COVID-19 symptoms but their role in the development of PCS remains poorly defined. Methods and results Here, we used multiparametric immune phenotyping, finding expanded circulating ILC precursors (ILCPs) and concurrent decreased group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in PCS patients compared to well-matched convalescent control groups at > 3 months after infection or healthy controls. Patients with PCS showed elevated expression of chemokines and cytokines associated with trafficking of immune cells (CCL19/MIP-3b, FLT3-ligand), endothelial inflammation and repair (CXCL1, EGF, RANTES, IL-1RA, PDGF-AA). Conclusion These results define immunological parameters associated with PCS and might help find biomarkers and disease-relevant therapeutic strategies.
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517
Protective role of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG against breakthrough infections among European healthcare workers during pre and post-Omicron surge—ORCHESTRA project
Infection, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Abstract Purpose Anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccination initially showed high effectiveness in preventing COVID-19. However, after the surge of variants of concern, the effectiveness dropped. Several studies investigated if this was related to the decrease of the humoral response over time; however, this issue is still unclear. The aim of this study was to understand whether SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG levels can be used to predict breakthrough infection risk and define the timing for further booster doses administration. Method Within the framework of the ORCHESTRA Project, over 20,000 health workers from 11 European centers were enrolled since December 2020. We performed two Cox proportional hazards survival analyses regarding pre-Omicron (from January to July 2021) and Omicron (December 2021–May 2022) periods. The serological response was classified as high (above the 75th percentile), medium (25th-75th), or low (
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518
Information bias for case-definitions and mortality between, and within studies over time undermines our understanding of COVID-19 transmission and disease severity
Daniel Pan, Hidekazu Nishimura, Julian W. Tang
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Global internet connectivity and rapid data extraction has now allowed for case numbers and deaths from SARS-CoV-2 to be monitored in real-time.(1,2) However, to make reliable inferences about the risk factors for infection, hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19, we must examine important biases which may lead to inaccurate conclusions based on the use of routinely collected observational data. In particular, the problem of information bias relating to case and mortality definitions for COVID-19 that can vary between and sometimes even within studies, has been inadequately addressed.
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519
Prevalence of depression, stress and suicide tendency among individuals with long COVID and determinants: a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bidhendi-Yarandi, R., Biglarian, A., Bakhshi, E., Khodaei-Ardakani, M.-R., Behboudi-Gandevani, S.
BMJ Open, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
BackgroundIt is well known that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on mental health, especially among individuals with long COVID. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the prevalence of depression, stress and suicide tendencies among individuals with long COVID, as well as to explore the factors that contribute to these conditions. Methods and analysisA comprehensive review of literature will be conducted in various databases of including PubMed, including Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. The studies to be included in this review will be published in the English language, and the time frame of included studies will be from the date of inception of COVID-19 until 30 December 2023. Two independent reviewers will identify studies for inclusion based on a screening questionnaire, and the JBI standardised critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data will be used to assess the methodological quality. The strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. To analyse the data, a robust Bayesian approach will be applied using the STATA software package (V.14; STATA) and JASP software. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis will provide valuable insights into the prevalence of depression, stress and suicide tendencies among individuals with long COVID, as well as the factors that contribute to these conditions. Ethics and disseminationThere is no research ethics board approval required. The dissemination plan is to publish results in a peer-reviewed academic journal. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022346858.
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520
Developing interfaith interventions to address hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination: protocol for a focus group-based, exploratory qualitative study
Ali, F., Garfield, S., Murdan, S.
BMJ Open, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how vaccine hesitancy impacts are translated nationally and internationally. A predictor of vaccine hesitancy is religious beliefs (eg, the body being sacred and should be healed by God). Additionally, the perceived content of vaccines can conflict with religious dietary restrictions. Despite the main faith organisations in the UK endorsing COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge. Most faith-based research and interventions have been investigated in individual faiths, in isolation from others. Therefore, the aim of our research is to inform the development of interfaith interventions to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, following the identification of potential facilitators and barriers and codesign of interfaith intervention(s). Methods and analysisWe will facilitate six face-to-face focus groups in London, each comprising eight participants. There will also be the option of joining an online focus group. A semistructured topic guide will include questions on experiences around interfaith, vaccine hesitancy, facilitators and barriers, and potential interfaith interventions to increase vaccine acceptance. Focus group participants will be invited to join a subsequent interfaith codesign workshop where the researchers will share the tentative findings and facilitate discussion to develop one or more interventions. Purposive sampling will be used to recruit 48 participants from different faith groups, ethnicities and backgrounds to capture diversity in the sample. Reflexive thematic analysis will guide a systematic process of constant comparison, coding data into categories and refining into overarching themes. Ethics and disseminationThe University College London (UCL) Research Ethics Committee granted ethics approval (Project ID 4359.006) on 3 May 2022. Minor amendments to the study were approved on 15 May 2023 to accommodate participants’ requests for online or face-to-face focus groups at a UCL venue. Informed consent is required from all participants. The findings will be disseminated in journals and to the public and key stakeholders.
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521
Assessing the heterogeneity of the impact of COVID-19 incidence on all-cause excess mortality among healthcare districts in Lombardy, Italy, to evaluate the local response to the pandemic: an ecological study
Paganuzzi, M., Nattino, G., Ghilardi, G. I., Costantino, G., Rossi, C., Cortellaro, F., Cosentini, R., Paglia, S., Migliori, M., Mira, A., Bertolini, G., On behalf of the Fenice network
BMJ Open, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
ObjectivesThe fragmentation of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic at national, regional and local levels is a possible source of variability in the impact of the pandemic on society. This study aims to assess how much of this variability affected the burden of COVID-19, measured in terms of all-cause 2020 excess mortality. DesignEcological retrospective study. SettingLombardy region of Italy, 2015–2020. Outcome measuresWe evaluated the relationship between the intensity of the epidemics and excess mortality, assessing the heterogeneity of this relationship across the 91 districts after adjusting for relevant confounders. ResultsThe epidemic intensity was quantified as the COVID-19 hospitalisations per 1000 inhabitants. Five confounders were identified through a directed acyclic graph: age distribution, population density, pro-capita gross domestic product, restriction policy and population mobility. Analyses were based on a negative binomial regression model with district-specific random effects. We found a strong, positive association between COVID-19 hospitalisations and 2020 excess mortality (p
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522
Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in post-COVID-19 patients after 6- and 12-months SARS-CoV-2 infection
Infection, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Introduction SARS-CoV-2 infection causes severe endothelial damage, an essential step for cardiovascular complications. Endothelial-colony forming cells (ECFCs) act as a biomarker of vascular damage but their role in SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether the number of ECFCs and angiogenic biomarkers remained altered after 6 and 12-months post-infection and whether this imbalance correlated with the presence of long-COVID syndrome and other biological parameters measured. Methods Seventy-two patients were recruited at different time-points after overcoming COVID-19 and thirty-one healthy controls. All subjects were matched for age, gender, BMI, and comorbidities. ECFCs were obtained from peripheral blood and cultured with specific conditions. Results The results confirm the presence of a long-term sequela in post-COVID-19 patients, with an abnormal increase in ECFC production compared to controls (82.8% vs. 48.4%, P
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523
COVID-19 Severity in People with HIV Compared to Those Without HIV
Nguyen, Vu-Thuy; Nagavedu, Kshema; Morrison, Monica; Chen, Tom; Randall, Liisa M.; Landazabal, Claudia; John, Betsey; Klompas, Michael; Cocoros, Noelle M.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Background: People with HIV (PWH) may be at risk for more severe COVID-19 outcomes. We compared risk for severe COVID-19 in PWH to matched individuals without HIV. Methods: We identified adults in Massachusetts with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, March 2020-July 2022, using electronic medical record data from three large clinical practice groups. We then used regression models to compare outcomes among PWH versus propensity score-matched people without HIV (matched 20:1) for severe COVID-19 (pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome), hospitalization, and hospital length-of-stay (LOS). Results: We identified 171,058 individuals with COVID-19; among them, 768 PWH were matched to 15,360 individuals without HIV. Overall, severe COVID-19 and hospitalization was similar in PWH and those without HIV (severe COVID-19: 3.8% vs 3.0%, adjusted OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.86-1.87; hospitalization:12.1% vs 11.3%, adjusted OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.87-1.35). Compared to people without HIV, PWH with low CD4 T-cell counts (
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524
Errors in Percentage Calculations
Journal of the American Medical Association, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
In the Original Investigation titled “Prone Positioning During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With Severe ARDS: The PRONECMO Randomized Clinical Trial,” published in the December 26, 2023, issue of JAMA, errors in percentages occurred. In the Results of the Abstract and in the Results, Secondary Outcomes, section of the text, the risk difference for 90-day mortality should have been 3.5% with a 95% CI of −12.7% to 19.7%. In Table 1, the numbers of female participants reported were correct but the percentages should have been 27.9% and 42.8% for the prone ECMO and supine ECMO groups, respectively; the number of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in the supine ECMO group was correct but the percentage should have been 94.0%. This article was corrected online.
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525
Neonatal Outcomes After COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy
Journal of the American Medical Association, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
This cohort study evaluates the risks of neonatal adverse events after exposure to COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.
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526
Effectiveness of Bivalent mRNA Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children
Journal of the American Medical Association, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
This study uses data from 3 prospective cohort studies conducted in the US to assess vaccine effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic COVID-19 among children and adolescents.
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527
CDC Warns of Low Vaccination Rates Amid Spike in Respiratory Diseases
Journal of the American Medical Association, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
From November to December 2023, US hospitalization rates increased by 200% for influenza, 51% for COVID-19, and 60% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among all age groups, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advisory. Amid growing concern, the CDC issued the advisory about the low vaccination rates for all 3 respiratory illnesses and developed a vaccination conversation guide with talking points to help clinicians encourage uptake.
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528
How COVID-19 Might Be Tied to Other Respiratory Disease Outbreaks
Journal of the American Medical Association, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
This Medical News story discusses the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and recent increases in other respiratory diseases.
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529
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical Follow-Up of Patients Living with HIV in Chad: A Retrospective Monocentric Investigation
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 387-390
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530
Enhancing our understanding of short-term rental activity: A daily scrape-based approach for Airbnb listings
Yang Wang, Mark Livingston, David P. McArthur, Nick Bailey
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
by Yang Wang, Mark Livingston, David P. McArthur, Nick Bailey The growth of the online short-term rental market, facilitated by platforms such as Airbnb, has added to pressure on cities’ housing supply. Without detailed data on activity levels, it is difficult to design and evaluate appropriate policy interventions. Up until now, the data sources and methods used to derive activity measures have not provided the detail and rigour needed to robustly carry out these tasks. This paper demonstrates an approach based on daily scrapes of the calendars of Airbnb listings. We provide a systematic interpretation of types of calendar activity derived from these scrapes and define a set of indicators of listing activity levels. We exploit a unique period in short-term rental markets during the UK’s first COVID-19 lockdown to demonstrate the value of this approach.
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531
Positive and negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal survey study of the UK population
Lan Li, Ava Sullivan, Anwar Musah, Katerina Stavrianaki, Caroline E. Wood, Philip Baker, Patty Kostkova
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
by Lan Li, Ava Sullivan, Anwar Musah, Katerina Stavrianaki, Caroline E. Wood, Philip Baker, Patty Kostkova The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on society; it changed the way we work, learn, socialise, and move throughout the world. In the United Kingdom, policies such as business closures, travel restrictions, and social distance mandates were implemented to slow the spread of COVID-19 and implemented and relaxed intermittently throughout the response period. While negative emotions and feelings such as distress and anxiety during this time of crisis were to be expected, we also see the signs of human resilience, including positive feelings like determination, pride, and strength. A longitudinal study using online survey tools was conducted to assess people’s changing moods during the pandemic in the UK. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was used to measure self-reported feelings and emotions throughout six periods (phases) of the study from March 2020 to July 2021. A total of 4,222 respondents participated in the survey, while a sub-group participated in each of the six study phases (n = 167). The results were analysed using a cross-sectional study design for the full group across each study phase, while prospective cohort analysis was used to assess the subset of participants who voluntarily answered the survey in each of the six study phases (n = 167). Gender, age and employment status were found to be most significant to PANAS score, with older people, retirees, and women generally reporting more positive moods, while young people and unemployed people generally reported lower positive scores and higher negative scores, indicating more negative emotions. Additionally, it was found that people generally reported higher positive feelings in the summer of 2021, which may be related to the relaxation of COVID-19-related policies in the UK as well as the introduction of vaccines for the general population. This study is an important investigation into what allows for positivity during a crisis and gives insights into periods or groups that may be vulnerable to increased negative states of emotions and feelings.
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532
How does COVID-19 vaccination affect long-COVID symptoms?
Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Meshkat Nemati, Mina Shahisavandi, Hamid Nemati, Afrooz Karimi, Anahita Jafari, Sara Nasiri, Seyyed Saeed Mohammadi, Zahra Rahimian, Hossein Bayat, Ali Akbari, Amir Emami, Owrang Eilami
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
by Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Meshkat Nemati, Mina Shahisavandi, Hamid Nemati, Afrooz Karimi, Anahita Jafari, Sara Nasiri, Seyyed Saeed Mohammadi, Zahra Rahimian, Hossein Bayat, Ali Akbari, Amir Emami, Owrang Eilami Objective The current study aimed to identify the association between COVID-19 vaccination and prolonged post-COVID symptoms (long-COVID) in adults who reported suffering from this condition. Methods This was a retrospective follow-up study of adults with long-COVID syndrome. The data were collected during a phone call to the participants in January-February 2022. We inquired about their current health status and also their vaccination status if they agreed to participate. Results In total, 1236 people were studied; 543 individuals reported suffering from long long- COVID (43.9%). Chi square test showed that 15 out of 51 people (29.4%) with no vaccination and 528 out of 1185 participants (44.6%) who received at least one dose of any vaccine had long long- COVID symptoms (p = 0.032). Conclusions In people who have already contracted COVID-19 and now suffer from long-COVID, receiving a COVID vaccination has a significant association with prolonged symptoms of long-COVID for more than one year after the initial infection. However, vaccines reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 (including reinfections) and its catastrophic consequences (e.g., death). Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all people, even those with a history of COVID-19, receive vaccines to protect themselves against this fatal viral infection.
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533
Dynamics of serum cross‐neutralization capacity against SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant in convalescent COVID‐19 patients
Iulia Nedelcu, Paula Florian, Daniel Ion, Eliza Militaru, Anca Damalan, Costin‐Ioan Popescu, Adriana Hristea
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
534
Characteristics of the sexual networks of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver: implications for the transmission and control of mpox in Canada
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Abstract Background The 2022-2023 global mpox outbreak disproportionately affected gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). In Canada, almost all cases occurred among GBM and >70% of them were from the country’s three largest cities: Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver. We examined how the distributions of sexual partners 1) varied by city and over time (2017-2023) and 2) were associated with mpox transmission.Methods The Engage Cohort Study (2017-2023) recruited GBM via respondent-driven sampling in Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver (n=2,449). We compared reported numbers of sexual partners in the past 6 months across cities and three time periods: pre-COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2019), pandemic (2020-2021), and post-restrictions (2021-2023). We modeled the distribution of sexual partners using Bayesian negative binomial regressions and post-stratification, adjusting for sampling design and attrition. We estimated mpox’s basic reproduction number (ℛ0) using a risk-stratified compartmental model.Results The pre-COVID-19 pandemic distributions of sexual partner numbers were similar across cities: participants’ mean number of partners over the last 6 months was 10.4 (95%CrI: 9.4-11.5) in Montréal, 13.1 (11.3-15.1) in Toronto, and 10.7 (9.5-12.1) in Vancouver. Partner numbers decreased during the pandemic in all cities. Post-restrictions, sexual activity increased but remained below pre-pandemic levels. Based on reported cases and post-restrictions distributions of sexual partners, the estimated ℛ0 for mpox varied from 2.4-2.7 between cities. The estimated mpox per-partnership transmission probability was 84% (uncertainty ranging from 51-98%). Cumulative incidences (0.7-0.9%) were similar across cities.Conclusion GBM sexual activity after restrictions were lifted remained below pre-pandemic levels. Comparable sexual partner distributions may explain similarities in mpox ℛ0 and cumulative incidence across cities. With potential for further recovery in sexual activity, mpox vaccination and surveillance strategies should be maintained.
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535
Analysis and clinical determinants of post-COVID-19 syndrome in the Lombardy region: evidence from a longitudinal cohort study
Borgonovo, F., Lovaglio, P. G., Mariani, C., Berta, P., Cossu, M. V., Rizzardini, G., Vittadini, G., Capetti, A. F.
BMJ Open, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
ObjectiveTo define macro symptoms of long COVID and to identify predictive factors, with the aim of preventing the development of the long COVID syndrome. DesignA single-centre longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted from May 2020 to October 2022. SettingThe study was conducted at Luigi Sacco University Hospital in Milan (Italy). In May 2020, we activated the ARCOVID (Ambulatorio Rivalutazione COVID) outpatient service for the follow-up of long COVID. ParticipantsHospitalised and non-hospitalised patients previously affected by COVID-19 were either referred by specialists or general practitioners or self-referred. InterventionDuring the first visit, a set of questions investigated the presence and the duration of 11 symptoms (palpitations, amnesia, headache, anxiety/panic, insomnia, loss of smell, loss of taste, dyspnoea, asthenia, myalgia and telogen effluvium). The follow-up has continued until the present time, by sending email questionnaires every 3 months to monitor symptoms and health-related quality of life. Primary and secondary outcome measuresMeasurement of synthetic scores (aggregation of symptoms based on occurrence and duration) that may reveal the presence of long COVID in different clinical macro symptoms. To this end, a mixed supervised and empirical strategy was adopted. Moreover, we aimed to identify predictive factors for post-COVID-19 macro symptoms. ResultsIn the first and second waves of COVID-19, 575 and 793 patients (respectively) were enrolled. Three different post-COVID-19 macro symptoms (neurological, sensorial and physical) were identified. We found significant associations between post-COVID-19 symptoms and (1) the patients’ comorbidities, and (2) the medications used during the COVID-19 acute phase. ACE inhibitors (OR=2.039, 95% CI: 1.095 to 3.892), inhaled steroids (OR=4.08, 95% CI: 1.17 to 19.19) and COVID therapies were associated with increased incidence of the neurological macro symptoms. Age (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04), COVID-19 severity (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.82), number of comorbidities (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.5), metabolic (OR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.25 to 5.27), pulmonary (OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.32) and autoimmune diseases (OR=4.57, 95% CI: 1.57 to 19.41) increased the risk of the physical macro symptoms. ConclusionsBeing male was the unique protective factor in both waves. Other factors reflected different medical behaviours and the impact of comorbidities. Evidence of the effect of therapies adds valuable information that may drive future medical choices.
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536
Forecasting disease trajectories in critical illness: comparison of probabilistic dynamic systems to static models to predict patient status in the intensive care unit
Duggal, A., Scheraga, R., Sacha, G. L., Wang, X., Huang, S., Krishnan, S., Siuba, M. T., Torbic, H., Dugar, S., Mucha, S., Veith, J., Mireles-Cabodevila, E., Bauer, S. R., Kethireddy, S., Vachharajani, V., Dalton, J. E.
BMJ Open, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
ObjectiveConventional prediction models fail to integrate the constantly evolving nature of critical illness. Alternative modelling approaches to study dynamic changes in critical illness progression are needed. We compare static risk prediction models to dynamic probabilistic models in early critical illness. DesignWe developed models to simulate disease trajectories of critically ill COVID-19 patients across different disease states. Eighty per cent of cases were randomly assigned to a training and 20% of the cases were used as a validation cohort. Conventional risk prediction models were developed to analyse different disease states for critically ill patients for the first 7 days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Daily disease state transitions were modelled using a series of multivariable, multinomial logistic regression models. A probabilistic dynamic systems modelling approach was used to predict disease trajectory over the first 7 days of an ICU admission. Forecast accuracy was assessed and simulated patient clinical trajectories were developed through our algorithm. Setting and participantsWe retrospectively studied patients admitted to a Cleveland Clinic Healthcare System in Ohio, for the treatment of COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2022. Results5241 patients were included in the analysis. For ICU days 2–7, the static (conventional) modelling approach, the accuracy of the models steadily decreased as a function of time, with area under the curve (AUC) for each health state below 0.8. But the dynamic forecasting approach improved its ability to predict as a function of time. AUC for the dynamic forecasting approach were all above 0.90 for ICU days 4–7 for all states. ConclusionWe demonstrated that modelling critical care outcomes as a dynamic system improved the forecasting accuracy of the disease state. Our model accurately identified different disease conditions and trajectories, with a
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537
Excess natural-cause mortality in US counties and its association with reported COVID-19 deaths
Eugenio PaglinoDielle J. LundbergElizabeth Wrigley-FieldZhenwei ZhouJoe A. WassermanRafeya RaquibYea-Hung ChenKatherine HempsteadSamuel H. PrestonIrma T. EloM. Maria GlymourAndrew C. StokesaDepartment of Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bDepartment of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118cDepartment of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195dDepartment of Sociology and Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455eDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118fResearch Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709gDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158hRobert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ 08540iDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
538
Early Mortality After the First Dose of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination: A Target Trial Emulation
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy persists alongside concerns about the safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. We aimed to examine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on risk of death among US veterans.Methods We conducted a target trial emulation to estimate and compare risk of death up to 60 days under two COVID-19 vaccination strategies: vaccination within 7 days of enrollment versus no vaccination through follow-up. The study cohort included individuals aged ≥18 years enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration system and eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccination according to guideline recommendations from 1 March 2021 through 1 July 2021. The outcomes of interest included deaths from any cause and excluding a COVID-19 diagnosis. Observations were cloned to both treatment strategies, censored, and weighted to estimate per-protocol effects.Results We included 3 158 507 veterans. Under the vaccination strategy, 364 993 received vaccine within 7 days. At 60 days, there were 156 deaths per 100 000 veterans under the vaccination strategy versus 185 deaths under the no vaccination strategy, corresponding to an absolute risk difference of −25.9 (95% confidence limit [CL], −59.5 to 2.7) and relative risk of 0.86 (95% CL, .7 to 1.0). When those with a COVID-19 infection in the first 60 days were censored, the absolute risk difference was −20.6 (95% CL, −53.4 to 16.0) with a relative risk of 0.88 (95% CL, .7 to 1.1).Conclusions Vaccination against COVID-19 was associated with a lower but not statistically significantly different risk of death in the first 60 days. These results agree with prior scientific knowledge suggesting vaccination is safe with the potential for substantial health benefits.
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539
Factors associated with anxiety during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: An analysis of the COVID-19 Citizen Science study
Aaron E. Cozen, Thomas Carton, Rita Hamad, John Kornak, Madelaine Faulkner Modrow, Noah D. Peyser, Soo Park, Jaime H. Orozco, Matthew Brandner, Emily C. O’Brien, Djeneba Audrey Djibo, Cheryl N. McMahill-Walraven, Carmen R. Isasi, Alexis L. Beatty, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Gregory M. Marcus, Mark J. Pletcher
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Aaron E. Cozen, Thomas Carton, Rita Hamad, John Kornak, Madelaine Faulkner Modrow, Noah D. Peyser, Soo Park, Jaime H. Orozco, Matthew Brandner, Emily C. O’Brien, Djeneba Audrey Djibo, Cheryl N. McMahill-Walraven, Carmen R. Isasi, Alexis L. Beatty, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Gregory M. Marcus, Mark J. Pletcher COVID-19 increased the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety in the United States. To investigate contributing factors we analyzed anxiety, reported online via monthly Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7) surveys between April 2020 and May 2022, in association with self-reported worry about the health effects of COVID-19, economic difficulty, personal COVID-19 experience, and subjective social status. 333,292 anxiety surveys from 50,172 participants (82% non-Hispanic white; 73% female; median age 55, IQR 42–66) showed high levels of anxiety, especially early in the pandemic. Anxiety scores showed strong independent associations with worry about the health effects of COVID-19 for oneself or family members (GAD-7 score +3.28 for highest vs. lowest category; 95% confidence interval: 3.24, 3.33; p
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540
N95 respirator hybrid decontamination method using Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) coupled with Microwave-Generated Steam (MGS)
Thirumaaran Gopalan, Mohd Ridha Muhamad, Victor Chee Wai Hoe, Pouya Hassandarvish
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Thirumaaran Gopalan, Mohd Ridha Muhamad, Victor Chee Wai Hoe, Pouya Hassandarvish The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has induced a critical supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) especially N95 respirators. Utilizing respirator decontamination procedures to reduce the pathogen load of a contaminated N95 respirator can be a viable solution for reuse purposes. In this study, the efficiency of a novel hybrid respirator decontamination method of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) which utilizes ultraviolet-C (UV-C) rays coupled with microwave-generated steam (MGS) against feline coronavirus (FCoV) was evaluated. The contaminated 3M 1860 respirator pieces were treated with three treatments (UVGI-only, MGS-only, and Hybrid—UVGI + MGS) with variable time. The virucidal activity was evaluated using the TCID50 method. The comparison of decontamination efficiency of the treatments indicated that the hybrid method achieved at least a pathogen log reduction of 4 logs, faster than MGS and UVGI. These data recommend that the proposed hybrid decontamination system is more effective comparatively in achieving pathogen log reduction of 4 logs.
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541
Clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected vaccine responders, vaccine non-responders, and unvaccinated patients evaluated for neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment at a single German tertiary care center: a retrospective cohort study with prospective follow-up
Infection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Abstract Purpose This study assessed the clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with risk factors for severe disease depending on their immunological status. Methods In this retrospective study with single follow-up visit, clinical outcome and humoral immunity was monitored in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients at risk. The results were compared based on the patients’ initial immunological status: unvaccinated (UV), patients who did not develop neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (vaccine non-responders, VNR), and patients who expressed neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (vaccine responders, VR). Patients who lacked neutralizing antibodies (VNR and UV) were treated with nMABs. Results In total, 113 patients at risk of severe COVID-19 consented to participate in the study. VR and UV were not admitted to the hospital. During the observation period, UVs had the highest rate of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections. Three of 41 VNRs (7.3%) were hospitalized due to severe COVID-19, with two of them having undergone iatrogenic B-cell depletion. The humoral immune response after infection was significantly lower in the VNR group than in the VR group in terms of anti-N, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), anti-S antibody titers, and anti-S antibody avidity. In a sub-analysis of VNR, B cell-deficient non-responders had significantly lower levels of anti-N antibodies and anti-S avidity after infection than other VNRs. Conclusion VNR, particularly B-cell-depleted VNR, remained at risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19. In the VR group, however, no clinical complications or severe disease were observed, despite not receiving nMAbs. Tailoring the administration of nMABs according to patient vaccination and immunological status may be advisable.
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542
Safeguarding COVID-19 Vaccines: Establishing the Safety of Novel Vaccine Platforms
David Shasha
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic spurred the rapid development and implementation of novel vaccine technologies, which had either occasional or no prior use in humans. Within only one year into the pandemic two mRNA- and one Adenovirus vector vaccines received conditional approval after interim analysis of results of phase III clinical trials.
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543
TMPRSS2 inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19 in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of nafamostat and camostat mesylate randomised clinical trials
Hernández-Mitre María Patricia, Morpeth Susan, Venkatesh Balasubramanian, Hills Thomas, Davis Joshua, Mahar Robert, McPhee Grace, Jones Mark, Totterdell James, Tong Steven, Roberts Jason
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Synthetic serine protease inhibitors block the cellular enzyme transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) preventing SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. There are two relevant drugs in this class, nafamostat (intravenous formulation) and camostat (oral formulation).
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544
Vaccination and the risk of post-acute sequelae after COVID-19 In the Omicron-predominant period
Kyungmin Huh, Young-Eun Kim, Gi Hwan Bae, Jong Youn Moon, Ji-Man Kang, Jacob Lee, Jang-Whan Bae, Kyong Ran Peck, Jaehun Jung
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
To assess the association of primary and third doses of vaccination with the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
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545
Missed opportunities in hospital quality measurement during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective investigation of US hospitals CMS Star Ratings and 30-day mortality during the early pandemic
Pollock, B. D., Devkaran, S., Dowdy, S. C.
BMJ Open, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
ObjectivesIn the USA and UK, pandemic-era outcome data have been excluded from hospital rankings and pay-for-performance programmes. We assessed the relationship between US hospitals’ pre-pandemic Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Overall Hospital Star ratings and early pandemic 30-day mortality among both patients with COVID and non-COVID to understand whether pre-existing structures, processes and outcomes related to quality enabled greater pandemic resiliency. Design and data sourceA retrospective, claim-based data study using the 100% Inpatient Standard Analytic File and Medicare Beneficiary Summary File including all US Medicare Fee-for-Service inpatient encounters from 1 April 2020 to 30 November 2020 linked with the CMS Hospital Star Ratings using six-digit CMS provider IDs. Outcome measureThe outcome was risk-adjusted 30-day mortality. We used multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, Elixhauser mortality index, US Census Region, month, hospital-specific January 2020 CMS Star rating (1–5 stars), COVID diagnosis (U07.1) and COVID diagnosisxCMS Star Rating interaction. ResultsWe included 4 473 390 Medicare encounters from 2533 hospitals, with 92 896 (28.2%) mortalities among COVID-19 encounters and 387 029 (9.3%) mortalities among non-COVID encounters. There was significantly greater odds of mortality as CMS Star Ratings decreased, with 18% (95% CI 15% to 22%; p
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546
COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality in people experiencing homelessness in the Netherlands
Eline Mennis, Michelle Hobus, Maria van den Muijsenbergh, Tessa van Loenen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Eline Mennis, Michelle Hobus, Maria van den Muijsenbergh, Tessa van Loenen Introduction People who are homeless might be more at risk for getting infected by the SARS-COV-2 virus or for experiencing severe course of the infection due to their often more fragile health, unmet health needs, and poorer living conditions. This study aims to gain insight into the morbidity and mortality of the SARS-COV-2 virus among the homeless population in the Netherlands. Methods In this observational retrospective study, anonymized data about patients experiencing homelessness who contacted a street doctor were gathered in nine cities in the Netherlands from March 2020 until March 2021. Data included patient characteristics, COVID-19 -related symptoms, diagnosis, and disease course of a SARS-COV-2 infection. Results Of the total 1419 patients in whom 1544 COVID-19 related consults were registered, 16% tested positive for a SARS-COV-2 infection, and an additional 12% were clinically suspected of having a SARS-COV-2 infection but were seen before there were any COVID-19 tests available in General Practice or for some other reason not tested. Significantly more (p =
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547
Association of Long COVID with mental health disorders: a retrospective cohort study using real-world data from the USA
Zhang, Y., Chinchilli, V. M., Ssentongo, P., Ba, D. M.
BMJ Open, 3.02.2024
Tilføjet 3.02.2024
ObjectivesMental health disorders (MHD) rank third for US adult hospitalisations. Given the substantial prevalence of ‘Long COVID’ in SARS-CoV-2 survivors, this study aims to assess its association with increased MHD risk using extensive real-world data. DesignA retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching was conducted. We used the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes to identify individuals with Long COVID status and COVID-19 histories. Multivariable stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to determine the association of Long COVID status with MHD. SettingData were sourced from the TriNetX database, spanning records from 1 October 2021 to 16 April 2023. ParticipantsTwo distinct cohorts were established: one comprising individuals diagnosed with Long COVID and another comprising individuals with no history of Long COVID or COVID-19. At the start of the study, none of the participants had a recorded MHD. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcome of interest was a composite diagnosis of MHD. Secondary outcomes were individual mental health conditions. ResultsThe study included 43 060 control participants without Long COVID and 4306 Long COVID participants, demonstrating well-balanced distribution across all covariates. After adjusting for 4 demographic factors and 10 comorbidities, Long COVID was associated with MHD (adjusted HR, aHR 2.60; 95% CI 2.37 to 2.85). In subgroup analysis, Long COVID was associated with major depression disorder (aHR 3.36; 95% CI 2.82 to 4.00) and generalised anxiety disorder (aHR 3.44; 95% CI 2.99 to 3.96). ConclusionsIn this retrospective large real-world cohort study, Long COVID was associated with an increased risk of incident MHD. The MHD impact is significant considering the vast number of patients with Long COVID. Enhanced MHD screening among COVID-19 survivors should be a priority.
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548
Viral etiology of measles‐like rash in Guinean children during the COVID epidemic in 2022
Reine Salomé Anguinze, Angeline Touré, Fatoumata Cissé, Solène Grayo, Cécile Troupin, Noël Tordo, Edwige Kouamou, Pierre Roques
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.02.2024
Tilføjet 3.02.2024
549
Machine learning versus multivariate logistic regression for predicting severe COVID‐19 in hospitalized children with Omicron variant infection
Pan Liu, Zixuan Xing, Xiaokang Peng, Mengyi Zhang, Chang Shu, Ce Wang, Ruina Li, Li Tang, Huijing Wei, Xiaoshan Ran, Sikai Qiu, Ning Gao, Yee Hui Yeo, Xiaoguai Liu, Fanpu Ji
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.02.2024
Tilføjet 3.02.2024
550
Reply to: Inspiratory muscle training for COVID‐19: Benefits appear promising but findings remain uncertain
Yusha Chen, Xuefeng Liu, Tong Zhaohui
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.02.2024
Tilføjet 3.02.2024