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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1273 emner vises.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background Up to 20% of COVID-19 patients can suffer COVID-19-related myocardial injury. Elevated cardiac biomarkers, such as hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP, have been related to worse short-term prognosis. However, data on NT-proBNP and long-term prognosis are scarce. We have evaluated the potential association of baseline age-adjusted NT-proBNP levels and outcomes at one-year follow-up in COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a single-center prospective study of 499 COVID-19 patients in whom NT-proBNP was assessed at hospital admission. NT-proBNP levels were age-adjusted and patients were classified as high or low NT-proBNP. Clinical and demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and in-hospital complications and mortality were compared between the two groups. Survivors of the acute phase of COVID-19 were followed up for one year from admission to detect readmissions and mortality. Results The 68 patients with high NT-proBNP levels at hospital admission were older, with more cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, comorbidities, myocardial injury, and higher levels of inflammatory markers than patients with low NT-proBNP levels. They also had more in-hospital complications and a higher acute-phase mortality rate (60.3% vs. 10.2%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to compare the epidemiological patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections, hospitalizations, deaths, and duration of hospitalization during the fourth, fifth and sixth epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran. Methods A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted on hospitalized patients in four hospitals in the Babol district of northern Iran. The study periods were during the fourth, fifth, and sixth waves of the epidemic in Iran, (March 2021 to March 2022). A total of 13,312 patients with suspected COVID-19 were included. Patient demographics, medical history, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were obtained from the hospital information system. Data on the cycle threshold (Ct) and SARS-CoV2 variant were collected for SARS-CoV2-positive cases. Results The highest number of hospitalized patients was reported during the fifth (Delta) wave (5231; 39.3%), while the lowest number of hospitalized patients was reported during the sixth (Omicron) wave (2143; 16.1%). In total, 6459 (48.5%) out of 13,312 hospitalized patients with suspected COVID-19 had a positive rRT-PCR result. The fifth (Delta) wave had the highest number of SARS-CoV2 rRT-PCR-positive hospitalized patients (3573, 55.3%), while the sixth (Omicron) wave had the lowest number (835, 12.9%). Moreover, 238 (3.7%) patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 died. The hospital mortality rate was 6.8% in the fourth (Alpha) wave, which reduced to 2.7 and 3.5% in the fifth (Delta) and sixth (Omicron) waves, respectively (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Abstract Background After infection with SARS-CoV-2 a relevant proportion of patients complains about persisting symptoms, a condition termed Post-COVID-19-syndrome (PC19S). So far, possible treatments are under investigation. Among others, neurotropic vitamins and anti-inflammatory substances are potential options. Thus, the PreVitaCOV trial aims to assess feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of treating patients in primary care with prednisolone and/or vitamin B1, B6 and B12. Methods The phase IIIb, multi-centre randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled PreVitaCOV trial has a factorial design and is planned as a two-phase approach. The pilot phase assessed feasibility and safety and was transformed into a confirmatory phase to evaluate effectiveness since feasibility was proven. Adult patients with PC19S after a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 12 weeks ago are randomly assigned to 4 parallel treatments: prednisolone 20 mg for five days followed by 5 mg for 23 days (trial drug 1), B vitamins (B1 (100 mg OD), B6 (50 mg OD), and B12 (500 µg OD)) for 28 days (trial drug 2), trial drugs 1 and 2, or placebo. The primary outcome of the pilot phase was defined as the retention rate of the first 100 patients. Values of ≥ 85% were considered as confirmation of feasibility, this criterion was even surpassed by a retention rate of 98%. After transformation, the confirmatory phase proceeds by enrolling 240 additional patients. The primary outcome for the study is the change of symptom severity from baseline to day 28 as assessed by a tailored Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) total score referring to five symptom domains known to be typical for PC19S (fatigue, dyspnoea, cognition, anxiety, depression). The confirmatory trial is considered positive if superiority of any treatment is demonstrated over placebo operationalised by an improvement of at least 3 points on the PROMIS total score (t-score). Discussion The PreVitaCOV trial may contribute to the understanding of therapeutic approaches in PC19S in a primary care context. Trial registration EudraCT: 2022-001041-20. DRKS: DRKS00029617. ClinicalTrials.gov: F001AM02222_1 (registered: 05 Dec 2022).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHsiu‐Ming Lee, Po‐Cheng Shih, James Cheng‐Chung Wei
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Nicolas Capelli, Léa Domitien Payet, Carmen Alcocer Cordellat, Amandine Pisoni, Ilka Engelmann, Philippe Van de Perre, Eric Jeziorski, Edouard Tuaillon
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Henson, R. M., Purtle, J., Headen, I., Stankov, I., Langellier, B. A.
BMJ Open, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
IntroductionPublic policymakers are increasingly engaged in participatory model building processes, such as group model building. Understanding the impacts of policymaker participation in these processes on policymakers is important given that their decisions often have significant influence on the dynamics of complex systems that affect health. Little is known about the extent to which the impacts of participatory model building on public policymakers have been evaluated or the methods and measures used to evaluate these impacts. Methods and analysisA scoping review protocol was developed with the objectives of: (1) scoping studies that have evaluated the impacts of facilitated participatory model building processes on public policymakers who participated in these processes; and (2) describing methods and measures used to evaluate impacts and the main findings of these evaluations. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s Population, Concept, Context framework was used to formulate the article identification process. Seven electronic databases—MEDLINE (Ovid), ProQuest Health and Medical, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase (Ovid), CINAHL Complete and PsycInfo—will be searched. Identified articles will be screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist for scoping reviews will be used and reported. A data extraction tool will collect information across three domains: study characteristics, methods and measures, and findings. The review will be conducted using Covidence, a systematic review data management platform. Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review produced will generate an overview of how public policymaker engagement in participatory model building processes has been evaluated. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and to communities of practice that convene policymakers in participatory model building processes. This review will not require ethics approval because it is not human subject research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaoquan Zhao, Aayushi Hingle, Cameron C. Shaw, Amy Murphy, Breonna R. Riddick, Rochelle R. Davidson Mhonde, Bruce G. Taylor, Phoebe A. Lamuda, Harold A. Pollack, John A. Schneider, Faye S. Taxman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Xiaoquan Zhao, Aayushi Hingle, Cameron C. Shaw, Amy Murphy, Breonna R. Riddick, Rochelle R. Davidson Mhonde, Bruce G. Taylor, Phoebe A. Lamuda, Harold A. Pollack, John A. Schneider, Faye S. Taxman Criminal legal system involvement (CLI) is a critical social determinant of health that lies at the intersection of multiple sources of health disparities. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates many of these disparities, and specific vulnerabilities faced by the CLI population. This study investigated the prevalence of COVID-19-related misinformation, as well as its relationship with COVID-19 information sources used among Americans experiencing CLI. A nationally representative sample of American adults aged 18+ (N = 1,161), including a subsample of CLI individuals (n = 168), were surveyed in February-March 2021. On a 10-item test, CLI participants endorsed a greater number of misinformation statements (M = 1.88 vs. 1.27) than non-CLI participants, p < .001. CLI participants reported less use of government and scientific sources (p = .017) and less use of personal sources (p = .003) for COVID-19 information than non-CLI participants. Poisson models showed that use of government and scientific sources was negatively associated with misinformation endorsement for non-CLI participants (IRR = .841, p < .001), but not for CLI participants (IRR = .957, p = .619). These findings suggest that building and leveraging trust in important information sources are critical to the containment and mitigation of COVID-19-related misinformation in the CLI population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMajid Eterafi, Nasrin Fouladi, Majid Golizadeh, Hamidreza Shaker, Somaieh Matin, Elham Safarzadeh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Majid Eterafi, Nasrin Fouladi, Majid Golizadeh, Hamidreza Shaker, Somaieh Matin, Elham Safarzadeh While the vaccination was introduced as a promising tool to control the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns about vaccine-related side effects had grown. Due to the widespread administration of the COVID-19 vaccine worldwide for the first time, it was necessary to evaluate the safety and potential side effects in recipients. This study aims to assess, the incidence of adverse effects following Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccination and identify their related factors. In this cross-sectional survey-based study, 453 volunteers participated, including 235 men and 218 women. The reported adverse reactions from recipients of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine were collected by using a questionnaire. The findings showed that the incidence of adverse reactions, such as neurological, systematic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and local symptoms were significantly higher after the first dose compared to the second dose. Systematic symptoms were the most prevalent reported side effects after the first and second dose injection. The demographical study of participants showed that individuals aged 18–34 and females were more prone to present adverse events following vaccination. However, no significant relationship was found between the occurrence of side effects and the recipients’ body mass index. Despite the life-saving role of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it may have some adverse reactions in recipients. The severity and frequency of side effects were different. So, they were dependent on several factors, including gender and age. Altogether, post-vaccination adverse reactions were mild and tolerable.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaith A. I. K. Al-Kaif, Hussain Al-Ameri, Wael Rasheed Obaead Alfatlawi, Ammar Eesa Mahdi, Younis A. K. Al-Khafaji, Mohammad Abd-Kadhum Al-Saadi, Alaa H. Al-Charrakh, Raheem T. Al-Mammori, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Laith A. I. K. Al-Kaif, Hussain Al-Ameri, Wael Rasheed Obaead Alfatlawi, Ammar Eesa Mahdi, Younis A. K. Al-Khafaji, Mohammad Abd-Kadhum Al-Saadi, Alaa H. Al-Charrakh, Raheem T. Al-Mammori, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif Background Evaluating immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination is paramount to understanding vaccine effectiveness and optimizing public health interventions. This study seeks to elucidate individuals’ immune status after administering a second dose of diverse COVID-19 vaccines. By analyzing immune responses through serological markers, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the uniformity of vaccine performance. Methods A total of 80 participants were enrolled in this study, with demographic and COVID-19 infection-related data collected for categorization. Serum samples were acquired within a specified timeframe, and SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG rapid tests were conducted. Moreover, CTLA-4 levels were measured through ELISA assays, allowing us to assess the immune responses comprehensively. The participants were divided into eight groups based on various factors, facilitating a multifaceted analysis. Results The outcomes of our investigation demonstrated consistent immune responses across the diverse types of COVID-19 vaccines administered in Iraq. Statistical analysis revealed no significant distinctions among the vaccine categories. In contrast, significant differences were observed in CTLA-4 among the control group (non-infected/non-vaccinated, infected/non-vaccinated) and infected/Pfizer, non-infected/Pfizer, and infected/Sinopharm, non-infected/sinopharm (P = 0.001, < 0.001, 0.023, respectively). This suggests that these vaccines exhibit comparable effectiveness in eliciting an immune response among the study participants. Conclusions In conclusion, our study’s results underscore the lack of discriminatory variations between different COVID-19 vaccine types utilized in Iraq. The uniform immune responses observed signify the equitable efficacy and performance of these vaccines. Despite minor quantitative discrepancies, these variations do not hold statistical significance, reaffirming the notion that the various vaccines serve a similar purpose in conferring protection against COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPeter Seah Keng Tok, Kong Yeow Kang, Sock Wen Ng, Norazida Ab Rahman, Muhammad Aminul Syahmi, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Maheshwara Rao Appannan, Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy, Sheamini Sivasampu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Peter Seah Keng Tok, Kong Yeow Kang, Sock Wen Ng, Norazida Ab Rahman, Muhammad Aminul Syahmi, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Maheshwara Rao Appannan, Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy, Sheamini Sivasampu Post COVID-19 condition is an important public health problem as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of this condition and assess its associated factors and impact on health-related quality of life in a population setting in Malaysia. Study was conducted from April to June 2022 when the Omicron variant predominated. All individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR, RTK-Ag) were invited for participation. Study questionnaires were delivered via the MySejahtera platform (mobile application). From the total of 44,386 participants who provided responses up to 3-months interval, 1,510 participants (3.4%) fulfilled the post COVID-19 condition criteria. Majority of the affected participants (83.8%, n = 1,265) experienced either cough, fatigue or forgetfulness–the three most common symptoms. Being females, having existing comorbidities, presence of symptoms and requiring hospital admission during the acute illness were associated with higher likelihoods of developing the post COVID-19 condition at 3-months interval. Amongst the 1,510 individuals, one in five had limitations in performing their usual daily activities while at least one in three expressed that their work was affected. Understanding this condition better is essential to guide strategic and responsive plans of action, which may require coordinated multidisciplinary interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJonathan Zhen Liang, Donovan Kai Wei Ng, Vijayprasanth Raveendran, Mac Yu Kai Teo, Elaine Li Ying Quah, Keith Zi Yuan Chua, Jun Kiat Lua, Jasmine Lerk Juan Owyong, Andrew Vimal Vijayan, Nur Amira Binte Abdul Hamid, Ting Ting Yeoh, Eng Koon Ong, Gillian Li Gek Phua, Stephen Mason, Warren Fong, Crystal Lim, Natalie Woong, Simon Yew Kuang Ong, Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Jonathan Zhen Liang, Donovan Kai Wei Ng, Vijayprasanth Raveendran, Mac Yu Kai Teo, Elaine Li Ying Quah, Keith Zi Yuan Chua, Jun Kiat Lua, Jasmine Lerk Juan Owyong, Andrew Vimal Vijayan, Nur Amira Binte Abdul Hamid, Ting Ting Yeoh, Eng Koon Ong, Gillian Li Gek Phua, Stephen Mason, Warren Fong, Crystal Lim, Natalie Woong, Simon Yew Kuang Ong, Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna Evolving individual, contextual, organizational, interactional and sociocultural factors have complicated efforts to shape the professional identity formation (PIF) of medical students or how they feel, act and think as professionals. However, an almost exclusive reliance on online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique opportunity to study the elemental structures that shape PIF and the environmental factors nurturing it. We propose two independent Systematic Evidence-Based Approach guided systematic scoping reviews (SSR in SEBA)s to map accounts of online learning environment and netiquette that structure online programs. The data accrued was analysed using the clinically evidenced Krishna-Pisupati Model of Professional Identity Formation (KPM) to study the evolving concepts of professional identity. The results of each SSR in SEBA were evaluated separately with the themes and categories identified in the Split Approach combined to create richer and deeper ‘themes/categories’ using the Jigsaw Perspective. The ‘themes/categories’ from each review were combined using the Funnelling Process to create domains that guide the discussion. The ‘themes/categories’ identified from the 141 included full-text articles in the SSR in SEBA of online programs were the content and effects of online programs. The themes/categories identified from the 26 included articles in the SSR in SEBA of netiquette were guidelines, contributing factors, and implications. The Funnelling Process identified online programs (encapsulating the content, approach, structures and the support mechanisms); their effects; and PIF development that framed the domains guiding the discussion. This SSR in SEBA identifies the fundamental elements behind developing PIF including a structured program within a nurturing environment confined with netiquette-guided boundaries akin to a Community of Practice and the elemental aspect of a socialisation process within online programs. These findings ought to be applicable beyond online training and guide the design, support and assessment of efforts to nurture PIF.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIli Margalit, Dafna Yahav
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
Long COVID is an established and relatively common consequence of COVID-19, while its debilitating symptoms may impact recoverees for prolonged periods 1. Despite over two years of research, the pathophysiology of long COVID remains unclear, hindering the development of effective therapeutic interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatthew S. Durstenfeld, Michael J. Peluso, Feng Lin, Noah D. Peyser, Carmen Isasi, Thomas W. Carton, Timothy J. Henrich, Steven G. Deeks, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Mark J. Pletcher, Alexis L. Beatty, Gregory M. Marcus, Priscilla Y. Hsue
Journal of Medical Virology, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
Gagandeep Kang
Lancet, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
Vaccine equity has been at the forefront of print, television, and social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Science, technology, and manufacturing brought the world multiple successful vaccines on a range of platforms and in quantities that were inconceivable at the start of the pandemic. Despite the triumph of scientists, the vaccine industry, and governments, vaccine nationalism trumped the efforts of WHO, which established a prioritisation framework for vaccination of clinically vulnerable populations, and the COVAX facility, which was intended to ensure that vaccines could be financed and distributed equitably around the world.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohibullah Shah, Ramsha Yamin, Iqra Ahmad, Gang Wu, Zainab Jahangir, Amen Shamim, Haq Nawaz, Umar Nishan, Riaz Ullah, Essam A. Ali, Sheheryar, Ke Chen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Mohibullah Shah, Ramsha Yamin, Iqra Ahmad, Gang Wu, Zainab Jahangir, Amen Shamim, Haq Nawaz, Umar Nishan, Riaz Ullah, Essam A. Ali, Sheheryar, Ke Chen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in global fatalities since late December 2019. Alkaloids play a significant role in drug design for various antiviral diseases, which makes them viable candidates for treating COVID-19. To identify potential antiviral agents, 102 known alkaloids were subjected to docking studies against the two key targets of SARS-CoV-2, namely the spike glycoprotein and main protease. The spike glycoprotein is vital for mediating viral entry into host cells, and main protease plays a crucial role in viral replication; therefore, they serve as compelling targets for therapeutic intervention in combating the disease. From the selection of alkaloids, the top 6 dual inhibitory compounds, namely liensinine, neferine, isoliensinine, fangchinoline, emetine, and acrimarine F, emerged as lead compounds with favorable docked scores. Interestingly, most of them shared the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid framework and belong to Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as the lotus plant. Docking analysis was conducted by considering the key active site residues of the selected proteins. The stability of the top three ligands with the receptor proteins was further validated through dynamic simulation analysis. The leads underwent ADMET profiling, bioactivity score analysis, and evaluation of drug-likeness and physicochemical properties. Neferine demonstrated a particularly strong affinity for binding, with a docking score of -7.5025 kcal/mol for main protease and -10.0245 kcal/mol for spike glycoprotein, and therefore a strong interaction with both target proteins. Of the lead alkaloids, emetine and fangchinoline demonstrated the lowest toxicity and high LD50 values. These top alkaloids, may support the body’s defense and reduce the symptoms by their numerous biological potentials, even though some properties naturally point to their direct antiviral nature. These findings demonstrate the promising anti-COVID-19 properties of the six selected alkaloids, making them potential candidates for drug design. This study will be beneficial in effective drug discovery and design against COVID-19 with negligible side effects.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background The World Health Organization announced the end of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) global health emergency on May 5, 2023. However, the reports from different countries indicate an elevation in the number of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths through the last months. The subvariant XBB.1.5 (Kraken) was the cause of 49.1% of COVID-19 cases by the end of January 2023. Although, the subvariant EG.5 (Eris) has surpassed the XBB.1.5 recently. EG.5 is a close subvariant descending from XBB.1.9.2 subvariant of Omicron. EG.5.1 is a sublineage carrying two crucial spike mutations F456L and Q52H. Up to now, it is not well-established whether its infectivity, severity, and immune evasion have shown any change or not. Also, BA.2.86 another subvariant of Omicron descending from BA.2 bears over 30 mutations which could affect its infectivity and transmissibility. Methods Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google were searched with six keywords up to 20 November 2023 and highly reliable research and reports were selected to refer to in this article. Purpose This brief review aims to overview the most reliable data about EG.5 and BA.2.86 based on scientific evidence. Conclusion Based on the currently available data these two new subvariants have similar features with currently circulating variants of Omicron and are less immune evasive than ancestral SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZeitouny, S., McGrail, K., Tadrous, M., Wong, S. T., Cheng, L., Law, M.
BMJ Open, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
ObjectivesTo assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prescription drug use and costs. DesignInterrupted time series analysis of comprehensive administrative health data linkages in British Columbia, Canada, from 1 January 2018 to 28 March 2021. SettingRetrospective population-based analysis of all prescription drugs dispensed in community pharmacies and outpatient hospital pharmacies and irrespective of the drug insurance payer. ParticipantsBetween 4.30 and 4.37 million individuals (52% women) actively registered with the publicly funded medical services plan. InterventionCOVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation measures. Main outcome measuresWeekly dispensing rates and costs, both overall and stratified by therapeutic groups and pharmacological subgroups, before and after the declaration of the public health emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Relative changes in post-COVID-19 outcomes were expressed as ratios of observed to expected rates. ResultsAfter the onset of the pandemic and subsequent COVID-19 mitigation measures, overall medication dispensing rates dropped by 2.4% (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChasinga, T. B., Cikwanine, J.-P. B., Kribi, S., Yoyu, J. T., Hofmann, N., Grossegesse, M., Nitsche, A., Tomczyk, S., Vietor, A. C., Leendertz, F. H., Eckmanns, T., Kusinza, A. B., Munguakonkwa, E., Kalk, A., Raha, M., Kambale, N. S., Ayagirwe, R. B., Schubert, G., Mukwege, D.
BMJ Open, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
ObjectivesHealthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontline of combating COVID-19, hence are at elevated risk of contracting an infection with SARS-CoV-2. The present study aims to measure the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on HCWs in central sub-Saharan Africa. SettingA cross-sectional serological study was conducted at six urban and five rural hospitals during the first pandemic wave in the South Kivu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). ParticipantsSerum specimens from 1029 HCWs employed during the first pandemic wave were collected between August and October 2020, and data on demographics and work-related factors were recorded during structured interviews. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe presence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was examined by ELISA. Positive specimens were further tested using a micro-neutralisation assay. Factors driving SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were assessed by multivariable analysis. ResultsOverall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was high among HCWs (33.1%), and significantly higher in urban (41.5%) compared with rural (19.8%) hospitals. Having had presented with COVID-19-like symptoms before was a strong predictor of seropositivity (31.5%). Personal protective equipment (PPE, 88.1% and 11.9%) and alcohol-based hand sanitizer (71.1% and 28.9%) were more often available, and hand hygiene was more often reported after patient contact (63.0% and 37.0%) in urban compared with rural hospitals, respectively. This may suggest that higher exposure during non-work times in high incidence urban areas counteracts higher work protection levels of HCWs. ConclusionsHigh SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity indicates widespread transmission of the virus in this region of DRC. Given the absence of publicly reported cases during the same time period at the rural sites, serological studies are very relevant in revealing infection dynamics especially in regions with low diagnostic capacities. This, and discrepancies in the application of PPE between urban and rural sites, should be considered in future pandemic response programmes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedApolinario, S. F. F., Bam, E. N., Moagi, M.
BMJ Open, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
ObjectiveTo explore and describe senior nursing students’ perspectives on clinical practice during COVID-19 and provide the most up-to-date information on the quality of clinical experience for nursing students in relation to nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing research. DesignThe research design that was employed is a qualitative, explorative, descriptive in order to explore and describe nursing students’ perceptions of clinical, training during the COVID-19 pandemic. SettingThe study took place in a local university located in the Northwest province, South Africa. ParticipantsThe population consisted of 16 senior nursing students who had been exposed to clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 14 women and 2 men. Study included full-time, registered undergraduate nursing students who enrolled in 2019. All nursing students who did not engage in clinical practice before or during COVID-19 were exempt. InterventionsThere were no direct interventions in this study; however, few recommendations were made for each of the themes that emerged in this study. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe researchers’ aim with the study was to find out the nursing students’ perspective on clinical training during a global pandemic, through interviews and focus group discussions. The researcher did in fact receive such feedback from the participants. ResultsFour major themes emerged: (1) the lack of preceptors to facilitate clinical teaching; (2) not allowed to work in COVID-19 wards; (3) difficulties with online classes and tests and (4) poor communication. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic influenced how students viewed and experienced clinical training, which in turn had an impact on their learning experiences. These effects also had some impact on their experiences and decisions to continue working as professional nurses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSuleman, S., Calleja, S., Parmar, P. K., Cohen, E.
BMJ Open, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
IntroductionChildren and youth who are uninsured or underinsured in Canada and the USA have limited options where they can receive healthcare. In both countries, community health centres (CHCs) have been established as a solution to provide quality care to children without adequate insurance, including those who are newcomers or refugees. However, little is known about how well these models deliver paediatric care. Cross-country analysis provides an important viewpoint to identify areas of success and growth. The purpose of this scoping review is to compare quality of care for uninsured and underinsured children through CHCs in the USA and Canada. MethodsThis scoping review follows the methodological guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence synthesis. The protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework Registries and can be accessed online. A search will be conducted in electronic databases of peer-reviewed literature (Ovid MEDLINE ALL, CINAHL Complete via EbscoHost, Scopus; Health Business Elite via EbscoHost and Sociological Abstracts via ProQuest) as well as the grey literature. Two reviewers will review all titles and abstracts for inclusion in full-text review. Studies that meet inclusion criteria will be included in full-text review. Data will be extracted into Covidence, using the Donabedian model as a conceptual framework. Findings will be synthesised in a narrative format. Ethics and disseminationAs this study only uses publicly available data, ethics approval is not required. Findings will be shared at national and international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. In addition, findings will be prepared into a policy brief or white paper to be shared with relevant policy stakeholders to advocate for a better model of care for marginalised children and youth.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPalstam, A., Seljelid, J., Persson, H. C., Sunnerhagen, K. S.
BMJ Open, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
ObjectiveTo investigate how changes in levels of physical activity (PA) in regard to acute disease severity relate to perceived difficulties in performing daily life activities 18 months after COVID-19 infection. DesignAn observational study with an 18-month follow-up survey based on registry data from a national cohort. Participants5464 responders to the 18-month follow-up survey of a Swedish national cohort of 11 955 individuals on sick leave due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. OutcomesThe follow-up survey included questions on daily life activities, as well as present and retrospective level of PA. Changes in PA level from before COVID-19 to follow-up were assessed by the Saltin-Grimby PA Level Scale and analysed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Comparisons of groups were analysed by the Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and 2. Multiple binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association of changes in PA with perceived difficulties in performing daily life activities. ResultsAmong the 5464 responders (45% of national cohort), the PA level decreased. Hospitalised individuals had a lower PA level both prior to COVID-19 (p=0.035) and at the 18-month follow-up (p=0.008) compared with non-hospitalised responders. However, the level of PA decreased in both groups. A decrease in PA level increased the odds (OR 5.58, 95% CI 4.90 to 6.34) of having difficulties performing daily life activities. ConclusionsPA levels were reduced 18 months after COVID-19 infection. A decrease in PA over that time was associated with perceived difficulties performing daily life activities 18 months after COVID-19. As PA is important in maintaining health and deconditioning takes time to reverse, this decline may have long-term implications for PA and health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background This study aimed to assess and compare procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sepsis patients. Additionally, we evaluated the diagnostic efficiency of PCT and CRP in distinguishing between Gram-positive (GP) and Gram-negative (GN) bacterial infections. Moreover, we explored the associations of PCT with specific pathogens in this context. Methods The study included 121 consecutive sepsis patients who underwent blood culture testing during the COVID-19 epidemic. PCT and CRP were measured, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for the detection of COVID-19 nucleic acid. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare PCT and CRP between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare PCT and CRP levels in the GN group versus the GP group for assessing the diagnostic efficiency. The kruskal-Wallis H test was applied to assess the impact of specific pathogen groups on PCT concentrations. Results A total of 121 sepsis patients were categorized into a COVID-19 group (n = 25) and a non-COVID-19 group (n = 96). No significant differences in age and gender were observed between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. The comparison of biomarkers between these groups showed no statistically significant differences. The optimal cut-off values for PCT and CRP in differentiating between GP and GN infections were 1.03 ng/mL and 34.02 mg/L, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.689 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.591–0.786) for PCT and 0.611 (95% CI 0.505–0.717) for CRP. The diagnostic accuracy was 69.42% for PCT and 58.69% for CRP. The study found a significant difference in PCT levels among specific groups of pathogens (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background Uganda has a high incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). Analysis of spatial and temporal distribution of TB is an important tool for supporting spatial decision-making, planning, and policy formulations; however, this information is not readily available in Uganda. We determined the spatial distribution and temporal trends of tuberculosis notifications in Uganda, 2013–2022. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of routinely-generated program data reported through the National TB and Leprosy Programme (NTLP) surveillance system. We abstracted data on all TB cases diagnosed from 2013 to 2022 by district and region. We drew choropleth maps for Uganda showing the TB case notification rates (CNR) per 100,000 and calculated the CNR using the cases per district as the numerator and individual district populations as the denominators. Population estimates were obtained from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census, and a national growth rate of 3% was used to estimate the annual population increase. Results Over the entire study period, 568,957 cases of TB were reported in Uganda. There was a 6% annual increase in TB CNR reported from 2013 (134/100,000) to 2022 (213/100,000) (p-value for trend p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background Azvudine has clinical benefits and acceptable safety against COVID-19, including in patients with comorbidities, but there is a lack of available data for its use in older adult patients. This study explored the effectiveness and safety of azvudine in older adults with mild or moderate COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥80 diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Central Hospital of Shaoyang between October and November 2022. According to the therapies they received, the eligible patients were divided into the azvudine, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, and standard-of-care (SOC) groups. The outcomes were the proportion of patients progressing to severe COVID-19, time to nucleic acid negative conversion (NANC), and the 5-, 7-, 10-, and 14-day NANC rates from admission. Results The study included 55 patients treated with azvudine (n = 14), nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (n = 18), and SOC (n = 23). The median time from symptom onset to NANC of the azvudine, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, and SOC groups was 14 (range, 6–25), 15 (range, 11–24), and 19 (range, 18–23) days, respectively. The median time from treatment initiation to NANC of the azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir groups was 8 (range, 4–20) and 9 (range, 5–16) days, respectively. The median length of hospital stay in the three groups was 10.5 (range, 5–23), 13.5 (range, 10–21), and 17 (range, 10–23) days, respectively. No treatment-related adverse events or serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Azvudine showed satisfactory effectiveness and acceptable safety in older adults with mild or moderate COVID-19. Therefore, azvudine could be a treatment option for this special patient population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Purpose To explore the effect of azvudine as compared to paxlovid for oral treatment of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We analyzed data from a cohort of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shandong provincial hospital between February 15 and March 15, 2023. The primary outcome was time to sustained clinical recovery through Day 28 and secondary outcomes included the percentage of participants who died from any cause by Day 28, the average hospitilization time and expenses, the changes in liver and kidney function and adverse events. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results There was no significant difference between azvudine and paxlovid in terms of time to sustained clinical recovery (p = 0.429) and death rates (p = 0.687). As for hospitalization time and fee, no significant differences were observed between azvudine group and paxlovid group (Hospitalization time: p = 0.633; Hospitalization fee: p = 0.820). In addition, there were no significant differences in the effects of the two drugs on liver and kidney function (p > 0.05). Conclusion Among adults who were hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection, azvudine was noninferior to paxlovid in terms of time to sustained clinical recovery, death rates, hospitalization time and cost, with few safety concerns. Trial registration ChiCTR2300071309; Registered 11 May 2023. Level of evidence Level III; Retrospective cohort study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Within a multi-state clinical cohort, SARS-CoV-2 antiviral prescribing patterns were evaluated from April 2022-June 2023 among non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with risk factors for severe COVID-19. Among 3,247 adults, only 31.9% were prescribed an antiviral agent (87.6% nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, 11.9% molnupiravir, 0.5% remdesivir), highlighting the need to identify and address treatment barriers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGabriela Czarnek, Małgorzata Kossowska
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
by Gabriela Czarnek, Małgorzata Kossowska We examine the relationships between the perception of the scientific consensus regarding vaccines, and vaccine attitudes and intentions (N total = 2,362) in the context of COVID-19 disease. Based on the correlational evidence found (Study 1), perceived scientific consensus and vaccine attitudes are closely related. This association was stronger among people who trust (vs. distrust) scientists; however, political ideology did not moderate these effects. The experimental evidence (Studies 2–3) indicates that consensus messaging influences the perception of consensus; nonetheless, the effects on vaccine attitudes or intentions were non-significant. Furthermore, message aiming at reducing psychological reactance was similarly ineffective in changing attitudes as traditional consensus message.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXuejiao Chen, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
by Xuejiao Chen, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung This study examines how household food insecurity shapes young children’s behavior problems in Singapore. The analysis is based on two waves of data collected before and during COVID-19 from a nationally representative sample of 2,601 children in the Singapore Longitudinal Early Development Study (SG-LEADS, Mage = 4.5 at wave 1, Mage = 6 at wave 2). Results based on propensity score matching, fixed effects analysis and lagged-variable models show a positive association between household food insecurity and children’s behavior problems both concurrently and over a two-year period. Two mediating pathways of this association are identified—children’s dietary intake and family stress. Children in food-insecure households tend to consume fewer vegetables and more sugar-sweetened beverages and carbohydrates, which is associated with elevated behavior problems. Parents in food-insecure households exhibit greater emotional distress, diminished parental warmth, and increased punitive parenting practices, also contributing to their children’s behavior problems. The family stress pathway has a stronger explanatory power than the nutrition pathway on children’s behavior problems. This study reveals that food insecurity is a risk factor for children’s behavior problems in early childhood which can lead to later developmental vulnerabilities for children in financially deprived families.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background The World Health Organization announced the end of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) global health emergency on May 5, 2023. However, the reports from different countries indicate an elevation in the number of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths through the last months. The subvariant XBB.1.5 (Kraken) was the cause of 49.1% of COVID-19 cases by the end of January 2023. Although, the subvariant EG.5 (Eris) has surpassed the XBB.1.5 recently. EG.5 is a close subvariant descending from XBB.1.9.2 subvariant of Omicron. EG.5.1 is a sublineage carrying two crucial spike mutations F456L and Q52H. Up to now, it is not well-established whether its infectivity, severity, and immune evasion have shown any change or not. Also, BA.2.86 another subvariant of Omicron descending from BA.2 bears over 30 mutations which could affect its infectivity and transmissibility. Methods Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google were searched with six keywords up to 20 November 2023 and highly reliable research and reports were selected to refer to in this article. Purpose This brief review aims to overview the most reliable data about EG.5 and BA.2.86 based on scientific evidence. Conclusion Based on the currently available data these two new subvariants have similar features with currently circulating variants of Omicron and are less immune evasive than ancestral SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
People living in nursing homes tended to need more help with activities of daily living, such as bathing and dressing, for months following infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared with their peers who were not infected, a retrospective cohort study found. Nursing home residents also experienced modest declines in cognition after COVID-19 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
US life expectancy has risen by 1.1 years, from 76.4 years in 2021 to 77.5 years in 2022, according to provisional data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics. Yet the increase does not cancel out the 2.4-year decrease in life expectancy that occurred between 2019 and 2021, due in large part to excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Daniel A. Sweeney, Suzana M. Lobo, Pedro Póvoa, Andre C. Kalil
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Immunomodulatory therapy has been extensively studied in randomized clinical trials for the treatment of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with inconsistent findings. Guideline committees, reviewing the same clinical trial data, have generated different recommendations for immunomodulatory therapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLesaine, E., Francis, F., Domecq, S., Miganeh-Hadi, S., Sevin, F., Sibon, I., Rouanet, F., Pradeau, C., Coste, P., Cetran, L., Vandentorren, S., Saillour, F., AVICOVID group, Faucheux, Leca Radu, Seignolles, Chazalon, Dan, Lucas, Peron, Wong-So, Martinez, Nocon, Hostyn, Papin, Bordier, Casenave, Maillard, Ondze, Argacha, Tidahy, Ferraton, Mostefai, Demasles, Hubrecht, Bakpa, Bartou, Bannier, Bernady, Ellie, Higue, Marnat, Berge, Goze-Dupuy, Lavocat, Senis, Delonglee, Darraillans, Mokni, Bataille, Lorendeau, Eclancher, Trogoff, Chartroule, Touchard, Leyral, Ngounou, Scouarnec, Orcival, Goulois, Heydel, Tahon, Py, Bidian, Fabre, Cherhabil, Baha, Fort, Maisonnave, Verhoeven, Claveries, Ansart, Lefevre, Liepa, Lacrouts, Coustere, Fournier, Jarnier, Delarche, Banos, Marque, Karsenty, Perron, Leymarie, Hassan, Casteigt, Larnaudie, Combes, Laplace
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate whether the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a deterioration in the quality of care for socially and/or clinically vulnerable stroke and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. DesignTwo cohorts of STEMI and stroke patients in the Aquitaine neurocardiovascular registry. SettingSix emergency medical services, 30 emergency units, 14 hospitalisation units and 11 catheterisation laboratories in the Aquitaine region in France. ParticipantsThis study involved 9218 patients (6436 stroke and 2782 STEMI patients) in the neurocardiovascular registry from January 2019 to August 2020. Primary outcome measuresCare management times in both cohorts: first medical contact-to-procedure time for the STEMI cohort and emergency unit admission-to-imaging time for the stroke cohort. Associations between social (deprivation index) and clinical (age >65 years, neurocardiovascular history) vulnerabilities and care management times were analysed using multivariate linear mixed models, with an interaction on the time period (pre-wave, per-wave and post-first COVID-19 wave). ResultsThe first medical contact procedure time was longer for elderly (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQian, C., Chen, Q., Lin, W., Li, Z., Zhu, J., Zhang, J., Luan, L., Zheng, B., Zhao, G., Tian, J., Zhang, T.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectivesTo depict the seasonality and age variations of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) incidence in the context of the COVID-19 impact. DesignRetrospective cohort study. ParticipantsThe observational cohort study was conducted at Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 and involved 132 797 children born in 2017 or 2018. They were followed and identified CAP episodes by screening on the Health Information Systems of outpatients and inpatients in the same hospital. OutcomeThe CAP episodes were defined when the diagnoses coded as J09–J18 or J20–J22. The incidence of CAP was estimated stratified by age, sex, birth year, health status group, season and month, and the rate ratio was calculated and adjusted by a quasi-Poisson regression model. Stratified analysis of incidence of CAP by birth month was conducted to understand the age and seasonal variation. ResultsThe overall incidence of CAP among children aged ≤5 years was 130.08 per 1000 person years. Children aged ≤24 months have a higher CAP incidence than those aged >24 months (176.84 vs 72.04 per 1000 person years, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBrennan, L., Stres, D. P., Egboko, F., Patel, P., Broad, E., Brewster, L., Lunn, J., Isba, R.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectivesHealth inequalities are systematic differences in health between people, which are avoidable and unfair. Globally, more political strategies are required to address health inequalities, which have increased since the global SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, with a disproportionate impact on children. This scoping review aimed to identify and collate information on how hospitals around the world that deliver care to children have addressed health inequalities. DesignScoping review focused solely on grey literature. Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesFollowing Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, a four-step approach to identifying literature was adopted. Data sourcesOverton, OpenGrey, OpenMD, Trip Database, DuckDuckGo, Google, targeted websites and children’s hospital websites were searched on March 2023 for items published since 2010. Data extraction and synthesisRetrieved items were screened against clear inclusion and exclusion criteria before data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a data extraction tool. Studies were tabulated by a hospital. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to the varied nature of studies and approaches. ResultsOur study identified 26 approaches to reduction of health inequalities, from 17 children’s hospitals. Approaches were categorised based on their size and scope. Seven approaches were defined as macro, including hospital-wide inequality strategies. Ten approaches were classed as meso, including the establishment of new departments and research centres. Micro approaches (n=9) included one-off projects or interventions offered to specific groups/services. Almost half of the reported approaches did not discuss the evaluation of impact. ConclusionsChildren’s hospitals provide a suitable location to conduct public health interventions. This scoping review provides examples of approaches on three scales delivered at hospitals across high-income countries. Hospitals with the most comprehensive and extensive range of approaches employ dedicated staff within the hospital and community. This review indicates the value of recruitment of both public health-trained staff and culturally similar staff to deliver community-based interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCankardas, S., Tagiyeva-Milne, N., Loiseau, M., Naughton, A., Grylli, C., Sammut - Scerri, C., Pivoriene, J., Schöggl, J., Pantazidou, A., Quantin, C., Mora-Theuer, E. A.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
IntroductionWhile the factors commonly associated with an increased risk of child maltreatment (CM) were found to be increased during COVID-19, reports of actual maltreatment showed varying trends. Similarly, evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 on CM within the European Cooperation on Science and Technology and Network Collaborative (COST) Action countries remains inconsistent. This scoping review aims to explore the extent and nature of evidence pertaining to CM within the countries affiliated with the Child Abuse and Neglect in Europe Action Network (Euro-CAN), funded by the COST. Methods and analysisKey electronic databases were searched to identify eligible papers, reports and other material published between January 2020 and April 2023: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, Scopus and Web of Science. To cover the breadth of evidence, a systematic and broad search strategy was applied using a combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary for four concepts: children, maltreatment, COVID-19 and Euro-CAN countries, without restrictions on study design or language. Grey literature was searched in OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Two reviewers will independently screen full-text publications for eligibility and undertake data extraction, using a customised grid. The screening criteria and data charting will be piloted by the research team. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews will be followed to present the results. Results will be summarised in a tabular form and narratively. Ethics and disseminationThis review will identify and summarise publicly available data, without requiring ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated to the Euro-CAN Network and reported to the COST Association. They will also be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This protocol is registered on Open Science Framework.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 64-68
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 170-178
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 170-178
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is a serious or life-threatening disease in immunosuppressed patients and pregnant women. This study examined the likely association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and COVID-19 patients with moderate illness. Methods Seventy blood samples were collected from patients at the Health Reference Laboratory of Tabriz, Northwest Iran from April 2021 to September 2021. In addition, 70 healthy subjects of the same age (37 ± 15 years) and sex distribution were ethnically matched. Sera samples were examined for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies using ELISA. Nested-PCR targets were amplified based on the B1 and GRA6 genes. GRA6 amplicons were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis based on IgG titer was 35.7% in the COVID‑19 patients and 27.1% in the control group, representing not to be associated with the Toxoplasma seropositivity in COVID‑19 patients (P = 0.18) compared to healthy subjects. Anti-T. gondii IgM was not found in any of the patients and healthy individuals. According to PCR amplification of the B1 and GRA6 genes, the frequency of T. gondii in COVID-19 patients was 14.2% (10/70). However, no T. gondii infection was detected in the healthy group. The CD4+T cell count was relatively lower in toxoplasmosis-infected patients (430–450 cells/mm3) than in control group (500–1500 cells/mm3). High genetic diversity (Hd: 0.710) of the type I strain of T. gondii was characterized in the patients. Present results showed that consumption of raw vegetables and close contact with stray cats can increase the transmission of T. gondii to COVID-19 patients (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuzhou ChenYulia R. GelMadhav V. MaratheH. Vincent PooraDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122bDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080cDivision of Mathematical Sciences, NSF, Alexandria, VA 22314dDepartment of Computer Science, University of VirginiaeBiocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904fDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 1, January 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Changing patterns of respiratory infections have been seen again in 2024. Disease incidence shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdowns and social distancing, which slowed down pathogen circulation and the development of immunity at a population level. Influenza and RSV have settled into a more traditional pattern this year, but tuberculosis and pneumonia incidence remains unusual.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHui Zhang, Chaolin Huang, Xiaoying Gu, Yeming Wang, Xia Li, Min Liu, Qiongya Wang, Jiuyang Xu, Yimin Wang, Huaping Dai, Dingyu Zhang, Bin Cao
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Most long COVID symptoms at 3 years were mild to moderate, with lung function recovering to levels of matched controls. Survivors with long COVID had a higher proportion of participants with re-infection and newly occurring or worse symptoms 3 months after omicron infection than those without long COVID. Re-infection had increased symptom occurrence but not increased reduced daily activity. Although the organ function of survivors of COVID-19 recovered over time, those with severe long COVID symptoms, abnormal organ function, or limited mobility require urgent attention in future clinical practice and research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLei Du, Wei Lu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Yu Lou, Chao Xiao, Yi Lian
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
by Yu Lou, Chao Xiao, Yi Lian This study investigates the dynamic and asymmetric propagation of return spillovers between sectoral commodities and industry stock markets in China. Using a daily dataset from February 2007 to July 2022, we employ a time-varying vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model to examine the asymmetric return spillovers and dynamic connectedness across sectors. The results reveal significant time-varying spillovers among these sectors, with the industry stocks acting as the primary transmitter of information to the commodity market. Materials, energy, and industrials stock sectors contribute significantly to these spillovers due to their close ties to commodity production and processing. The study also identifies significant asymmetric spillovers with bad returns dominating, influenced by major economic and political events such as the 2008 global financial crisis, the 2015 Chinese stock market crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine war. Furthermore, our study highlights the unique dynamics within the Chinese market, where net information spillovers from the stock market to commodities drive the financialization process, which differs from the bidirectional commodity financialization observed in other markets. Finally, portfolio analysis reveals that the minimum connectedness portfolio outperforms other approaches and effectively reflects asymmetries. Understanding these dynamics and sectoral heterogeneities has important implications for risk management, policy development, and trading practices.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInada-Kim, M., Chmiel, F. P., Boniface, M., Burns, D., Pocock, H., Black, J., Deakin, C.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
ObjectivesTo evaluate oxygen saturation and vital signs measured in the community by emergency medical services (EMS) as clinical markers of COVID-19-positive patient deterioration. DesignA retrospective data analysis. SettingPatients were conveyed by EMS to two hospitals in Hampshire, UK, between 1 March 2020 and 31 July 2020. ParticipantsA total of 1080 patients aged ≥18 years with a COVID-19 diagnosis were conveyed by EMS to the hospital. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary study outcome was admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 30 days of conveyance, with a secondary outcome representing mortality within 30 days of conveyance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate, in a retrospective fashion, the efficacy of different variables in predicting patient outcomes. ResultsVital signs measured by EMS staff at the first point of contact in the community correlated with patient 30-day ICU admission and mortality. Oxygen saturation was comparably predictive of 30-day ICU admission (area under ROC (AUROC) 0.753; 95% CI 0.668 to 0.826) to the National Early Warning Score 2 (AUROC 0.731; 95% CI 0.655 to 0.800), followed by temperature (AUROC 0.720; 95% CI 0.640 to 0.793) and respiration rate (AUROC 0.672; 95% CI 0.586 to 0.756). ConclusionsInitial oxygen saturation measurements (on air) for confirmed COVID-19 patients conveyed by EMS correlated with short-term patient outcomes, demonstrating an AUROC of 0.753 (95% CI 0.668 to 0.826) in predicting 30-day ICU admission. We found that the threshold of 93% oxygen saturation is prognostic of adverse events and of value for clinician decision-making with sensitivity (74.2% CI 0.642 to 0.840) and specificity (70.6% CI 0.678 to 0.734).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHayes, E., Yogeeswaran, K., Zubielevitch, E., Lee, C. H. J., Cording, J., Sibley, C. G.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
ObjectivesVaccinations are an important preventative measure in reducing the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. However, concerns of undervaccination during childhood have become increasingly common. The current study aims to investigate changes in attitudes towards childhood vaccinations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic using a national sample from New Zealand. DesignAge-based, period-based, and cohort-based changes were assessed using cohort-sequential latent growth modelling in 11 overlapping birth cohorts, which spanned the ages of 23–79 years. Setting and participantsData were taken from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study where 58 654 adults completed at least one wave across a 7-year period (2013 and 2015–2019). ResultsThe period-based and cohort-based models fit the data equally well (2(282)=8547.93, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuarchaj, M., Tschida, S., Milian Chew, J. P., Aguilar, A., Flood, D., Fort, M. P., Morales, L. C., Mendoza Montano, C., Rodriguez Serrano, S. N., Rohloff, P.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 has impacted globally the care of chronic diseases. However, direct evidence from certain vulnerable communities, such as Indigenous communities in Latin America, is missing. We use observational data from a health district that primarily serves people of Maya K’iche’ ethnicity to examine the care of type 2 diabetes in Guatemala during the pandemic. MethodsWe used a parallel convergent mixed methods design. Quantitative data (n=142 individuals with diabetes) included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, body mass index and questionnaires on diabetes knowledge, self-care and diabetes distress. Quantitative data was collected at two points, at baseline and after COVID restrictions were lifted. For quantitative outcomes, we constructed multilevel mixed effects models with multiple imputation for missing data. Qualitative data included interviews with providers, supervisors and individuals living with diabetes (n=20). We conducted thematic framework analysis using an inductive approach. ResultsQuantitative data was collected between June 2019 and February 2021, with a median of 487 days between data collection points. HbA1c worsened +0.54% (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.94) and knowledge about diabetes decreased –3.54 points (95% CI, –4.56 to –2.51). Qualitatively, the most important impact of the pandemic was interruption of the regular timing of home visits and peer group meetings which were the standard of care. ConclusionsThe deterioration of diabetes care was primarily attributed to the loss of regular contact with healthcare workers. The results emphasize the vulnerability of rural and Indigenous populations in Latin America to the suspension of chronic disease care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGmanyami, J. M., Jarynowski, A., Belik, V., Lambert, O., Amuasi, J., Quentin, W.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has been marked by a massive death toll. However, the overall effect of the pandemic, including potential unintended negative impacts of some control measures, on mortality remains poorly understood in low-income and lower middle-income countries (LLMICs). This review aims to summarise the available literature on excess mortality in LLMICs, focusing on the methods and data sources used in estimating excess mortality and the drivers of excess mortality. Methods and analysisWe will review the available literature and report results in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Scopus. All published studies that report on the estimates of excess mortality in populations of LLMICs will be included. This will include those with a publication date from 2019 onwards and those with at least a 1-year non-COVID-19 period as the comparator in the estimation of excess mortality during the pandemic. There will be no language restrictions on the search. The meta-analysis will include studies with extractable data on excess mortality, methods, population size, and observed and expected deaths. We will use the Mantel-Haenszel method to estimate the pooled risk ratio with 95% CIs. Ethics and disseminationAs there is no primary data collection, there is no requirement for ethical review. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publication and conference presentations. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022378267.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed