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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1273 emner vises.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The health crisis due to Covid-19 led to the search for therapeutics that could improve the evolution of the disease. Remdesivir, an antiviral that interferes with viral replication, was one of the first to be used for the treatment of this pathology. Objective To determine clinical course and mortality of patients with severe SARS-CoV‐2 pneumonia treated with remdesivir, in comparison of those who didn’t receive the medication. Patients and methods Retrospective cohort study, with medical records review of COVID-19 patients, between August 2020 and August 2021. The subjects were divided into two groups, those who received remdesivir before or after admission to intensive care and those who didn’t. The primary outcome variable was mortality in intensive care. Results Of 214 subjects included, 109 (50,9%) received remdesivir. The median of days for the drug administration was 8 (2-20), IQR: 3. The bivariate analysis prove that the use of remdesivir was related with lower risk of develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (p = 0,019; OR: 0,521) and lower requirement of mechanical ventilation (p = 0,006; OR:0,450). Additionally, patients treated with remdesivir develop less kidney injury (p = 0,009; OR: 0,441). There was a total of 82 deaths, 29 (26,6%) in the remdesivir group and 53 (50,5%) in the control group [p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background France implemented a combination of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to manage the COVID-19 pandemic between September 2020 and June 2021. These included a lockdown in the fall 2020 – the second since the start of the pandemic – to counteract the second wave, followed by a long period of nighttime curfew, and by a third lockdown in the spring 2021 against the Alpha wave. Interventions have so far been evaluated in isolation, neglecting the spatial connectivity between regions through mobility that may impact NPI effectiveness. Methods Focusing on September 2020–June 2021, we developed a regionally-based epidemic metapopulation model informed by observed mobility fluxes from daily mobile phone data and fitted the model to regional hospital admissions. The model integrated data on vaccination and variants spread. Scenarios were designed to assess the impact of the Alpha variant, characterized by increased transmissibility and risk of hospitalization, of the vaccination campaign and alternative policy decisions. Results The spatial model better captured the heterogeneity observed in the regional dynamics, compared to models neglecting inter-regional mobility. The third lockdown was similarly effective to the second lockdown after discounting for immunity, Alpha, and seasonality (51% vs 52% median regional reduction in the reproductive number R0, respectively). The 6pm nighttime curfew with bars and restaurants closed, implemented in January 2021, substantially reduced COVID-19 transmission. It initially led to 49% median regional reduction of R0, decreasing to 43% reduction by March 2021. In absence of vaccination, implemented interventions would have been insufficient against the Alpha wave. Counterfactual scenarios proposing a sequence of lockdowns in a stop-and-go fashion would have reduced hospitalizations and restriction days for low enough thresholds triggering and lifting restrictions. Conclusions Spatial connectivity induced by mobility impacted the effectiveness of interventions especially in regions with higher mobility rates. Early evening curfew with gastronomy sector closed allowed authorities to delay the third wave. Stop-and-go lockdowns could have substantially lowered both healthcare and societal burdens if implemented early enough, compared to the observed application of lockdown-curfew-lockdown, but likely at the expense of several labor sectors. These findings contribute to characterize the effectiveness of implemented strategies and improve pandemic preparedness.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Antivirals have been given widely for patients with COVID-19 breakthrough in Asian countries, creating a “black market” for unapproved and unprescribed medications. More evidence is needed to clarify the benefits of antivirals in these settings. Methods We conducted a random-sampling retrospective cohort study at a general hospital in Vietnam. We recruited patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 breakthrough who were given either standard of care (SoC) alone or SoC + antiviral. Primary outcome was residual respiratory symptoms that lasted > 7 days. Secondary outcome was long COVID-19, diagnosed by specialized physicians. We used logistic regression to measure odds ratio (OR), in addition to a sensitivity and subgroup analyses to further explore the results. Results A total of 142 patients (mean age 36.2 ± 9.8) were followed. We recorded residual symptoms in 27.9% and 20.3% of the SoC and SoC + antiviral group, while the figures for long COVID-19 were 11.8% and 8.1%, respectively. Antiviral use was not significantly associated with lower the risks of residual symptoms (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.22–1.20, p = 0.12) or long COVID-19 (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.16–1.90, p = 0.35). The sensitivity and subgroup analyses did not show any significant differences between the study groups (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Antivirals were not associated with faster resolution of respiratory symptoms or lower risks of long COVID-19. Further studies should focus on different antivirals to confirm their effects on different sub-populations. Meanwhile, antivirals should only be used in very high-risk patients to avoid excessive costs and harms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background In the context of increasing population aging, ongoing drug-resistant pathogens and the COVID-19 epidemic, the changes in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with pneumonia remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the trends in hospitalization, case fatality, comorbidities, and isolated pathogens of pneumonia-related adult inpatients in Guangzhou during the last decade. Methods We retrospectively enrolled hospitalized adults who had doctor-diagnosed pneumonia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. A natural language processing system was applied to automatically extract the clinical data from electronic health records. We evaluated the proportion of pneumonia-related hospitalizations in total hospitalizations, pneumonia-related in-hospital case fatality, comorbidities, and species of isolated pathogens during the last decade. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess predictors for patients with prolonged length of stay (LOS). Results A total of 38,870 cases were finally included in this study, with 70% males, median age of 64 (53, 73) years and median LOS of 7.9 (5.1, 12.8) days. Although the number of pneumonia-related hospitalizations showed an upward trend, the proportion of pneumonia-related hospitalizations decreased from 199.6 per 1000 inpatients in 2013 to 123.4 per 1000 in 2021, and the case fatality decreased from 50.2 per 1000 in 2013 to 23.9 per 1000 in 2022 (all P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background A major epidemic of COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) occurred in India from March to July 2021, resulting in 19 million documented cases. Given the limited healthcare and testing capacities, the actual number of infections is likely to have been greater than reported, and several modelling studies and excess mortality research indicate that this epidemic involved substantial morbidity and mortality. Methods To estimate the incidence during this epidemic, we used border entry screening data in Japan to estimate the daily incidence and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infection in India. Analysing the results of mandatory testing among non-Japanese passengers entering Japan from India, we calculated the prevalence and then backcalculated the incidence in India from February 28 to July 3, 2021. Results The estimated number of infections ranged from 448 to 576 million people, indicating that 31.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.1, 37.7) – 40.9% (95% CI: 33.5, 48.4) of the population in India had experienced COVID-19 infection from February 28 to July 3, 2021. In addition to obtaining cumulative incidence that was consistent with published estimates, we showed that the actual incidence of COVID-19 infection during the 2021 epidemic in India was approximately 30 times greater than that based on documented cases, giving a crude infection fatality risk of 0.47%. Adjusting for test-negative certificate before departure, the quality control of which was partly questionable, the cumulative incidence can potentially be up to 2.3–2.6 times greater than abovementioned estimates. Conclusions Our estimate of approximately 32–41% cumulative infection risk from February 28 to July 3, 2021 is roughly consistent with other published estimates, and they can potentially be greater, given an exit screening before departure. The present study results suggest the potential utility of border entry screening data to backcalculate the incidence in countries with limited surveillance capacity owing to a major surge in infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Vaccination is a primary prevention approach to preventing disease by disconnecting the transmission chain. The current study utilized a BASNEF model framework to identify factors influencing subsequent doses of COVID-19 vaccination among older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in the west of Iran in May 2022. The participants were selected via multi-stage sampling. Finally, 1120 participants contributed to the present study. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: a) Socio-demographic characteristics, b) cognitive impairments tests, and c) Questionnaire about the subsequent dose of COVID-19 vaccine uptake based on the BASNEF model. Data were analyzed using the software IBM AMOS-20 and SPSS-23 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample T-tests were used, too. The significance level of statistical tests was regarded as less than 0.05. Results The presented results of analyzing 50% of the variance of vaccination intention as the dependent variable (R square = 0.497) and 10% of the behavior variance as the dependent variable (R square = 0.104) can be explained based on the BASNEF model. The enabling factors (β = 0.636, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The first local outbreak of Delta Variant B.1.617.2 COVID-19 of China occurred in Guangzhou city, south China, in May 2021. This study analyzed the transmission chains and local cluster characteristics of this outbreak, intended to provide information support for the development and adjustment of local prevention and control strategies. Methods The transmission chains and local cluster characteristics of 161 local cases in the outbreak were described and analyzed. Incubation period, serial interval and generation time were calculated using the exact time of exposure and symptom onset date of the cases. The daily number of reported cases and the estimated generation time were used to estimate the effective reproduction number (Rt). Results We identified 7 superspreading events who had more than 5 next generation cases and their infected cases infected 70.81%(114/161) of all the cases transmission. Dining and family exposure were the main transmission routes in the outbreak, with 29.19% exposed through dining and 32.30% exposed through family places. Through further analysis of the outbreak, the estimated mean incubation period was 4.22 (95%CI: 3.66–4.94) days, the estimated mean generation time was 2.60 (95%CI: 1.96–3.11) days, and the estimated Rt was 3.29 (95%CI: 2.25–5.07). Conclusions Classification and dynamically adjusted prevention and control measures had been carried out according to analysis of transmission chains and epidemical risk levels, including promoting nucleic acid screening at different regions and different risk levels, dividing closed-off area, controlled area according to the risk of infection, raising the requirements of leaving Guangzhou. By the above control measures, Guangzhou effectively control the outbreak within 28 days without implementing a large-scale lockdown policy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major global health burden due to their high morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study described the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in adults over a 5-year period at an Australian tertiary healthcare network. Methods All multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction respiratory samples taken between the 1st of November 2014 and the 31st of October 2019 were included in this study. Overall prevalence and variations according to seasons, age groups and sex were analysed, as well as factors associated with prolonged hospital and intensive care length of stay. Results There were 12,453 pathogens detected amongst the 12,185 positive samples, with coinfection rates of 3.7%. Picornavirus (Rhinovirus), Influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus were the most commonly detected pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most commonly detected atypical bacteria. Significant differences in the prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Human metapneumovirus infections were found between sexes. Longest median length of intensive care and hospital stay was for Legionella species. Seasonal variations were evident for certain pathogens. Conclusions The high rates of pathogen detection and hospitalisation in this real-world study highlights the significant burden of RTIs, and the urgent need for an improved understanding of the pathogenicity as well as preventative and treatment options of RTIs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. Co-infection of influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to poor prognosis of patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, reports on patients co-infected with avian influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. Case presentation A 52-year-old woman presented with a fever, which has persisted for the past eight days, along with worsening shortness of breath and decreased blood pressure. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an air bronchogram, lung consolidation, and bilateral pleural effusion. The subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed positivity for H5N1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Conclusion The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. The clinical presentation of the patient had a predomination of H5N1 influenza rather than COVID-19. A PCR analysis for the identification of the virus is necessary to reveal the pathogen causing the severe pneumonia. The patient exhibited an excellent prognosis upon the use of the appropriate antiviral medicine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAntonio E. Pontiroli, Francesco Scovenna, Valentina Carlini, Elena Tagliabue, Jimmy Martin‐Delgado, Lucia La Sala, Elisabetta Tanzi, Ivan Zanoni
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Ramírez-Ortiz, Daisy; Jean-Gilles, Michele; Sheehan, Diana M.; Ladner, Robert; Li, Tan; Trepka, Mary Jo
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Background: Racial/ethnic minority groups with HIV in the United States are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences and can significantly benefit from increased uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. This study identified factors associated with full COVID-19 vaccination among people with HIV. Setting: Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Methods: Data were collected from 299 RWP adult clients during January–March 2022 using a cross-sectional phone survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were weighted to be representative of the race/ethnicity and sex distribution of clients in the RWP. Results: Eighty-four percent of participants were fully vaccinated with a primary vaccine series; stratified by race/ethnicity, the percentages were 88.9% of Hispanic, 72.0% of Black/African American, and 67.5% of Haitian participants. Fully vaccinated participants were less likely to be Black/African American than Hispanic (aOR=0.18; 95% CI=0.05-0.67) and more likely to not endorse any misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccines (aOR=8.26; 95% CI=1.38-49.64), to report encouragement to get vaccinated from sources of information (aOR=20.82; 95% CI=5.84-74.14), and to perceive that more than 50% of their social network was vaccinated (aOR=3.35; 95% CI=1.04-10.71). Experiences of healthcare discrimination, structural barriers to access vaccines, and recommendations from HIV providers were not associated with full vaccination. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of delivering accurate and positive messages about vaccines and engaging social networks to promote COVID-19 vaccination among PWH. This information can be leveraged to promote uptake of subsequent boosters and other recommended vaccines. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJia-Wei XuBu-Sen WangPing GaoHai-Tao HuangFei-Yu WangWei QiuYuan-Yuan ZhangYu XuJin-Bo GouLin-Ling YuXuan LiuRui-Jie WangTao ZhuLi-Hua HouQing- Wanga Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of Chinab Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinad CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinae Expanded Program on Immunization, Yubei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 31.12.2023
Tilføjet 31.12.2023
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 31.12.2023
Tilføjet 31.12.2023
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavirOmicronSARS-CoV-2COVID-19chronic kidney diseasehemodialysispharmacokinetics
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaba, C., Atamo, A., Gebretsadik Weldehanna, D., Oli, A., Debela, S. A., Luke, A. O., Gebrehiwot, M.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
ObjectiveNon-compliance with COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) is one of the global public health problems particularly among those frontline healthcare workers. However, there are no detailed investigations on COVID-19 IPC compliance among healthcare workers in conflict-affected settings. The objective of this research was to assess compliance with COVID-19 IPC measures and determine the factors associated with it among healthcare providers in Ethiopian governmental hospitals affected by conflict. DesignA cross-sectional study was carried out within institutional settings. Study setting and periodThe study was conducted in three public hospitals located in northeastern Ethiopia during the period of March to April 2022. ParticipantsSimple random sampling technique was used to select 325 healthcare workers after proportional allocation was made to each public hospital. Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was non-compliance with COVID-19 IPC. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with the lack of adherence to the COVID-19 IPC protocol. ResultsNearly half (150, 46.2%) of the healthcare workers had non-compliance with COVID-19 IPC protocol. Absence of hand washing soap (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.99; 95% CI 2.46 to 5.76), workload (AOR=2.25; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.84), disruption in the supply of piped water (AOR=1.82; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.99), did not undergo training in COVID-19 IPC (AOR=2.85; 95% CI 1.85 to 4.84), absence of COVID-19 IPC guidelines (AOR=2.14; 95% CI 1.11 to 4.13) and chewing khat (AOR=2.3; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.72) were determinant factors for non-compliance. ConclusionsThe magnitude of non-compliance with COVID-19 IPC was high. Hospital managers and federal ministry of health should provide regular training on COVID-19 IPC, continuous piped water and personal protective facilities for healthcare workers. Ultimately, improving the security situation in the area would help improve COVID-19 IPC compliance among healthcare workers in these and other similar conflict-affected settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRostomian, L., Chiloyan, A., Hentschel, E., Messerlian, C.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
IntroductionArmed conflict worldwide and across history has harmed the health of populations directly and indirectly, including generations beyond those immediately exposed to violence. The 2020 war between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, inhabited by an ethnically Armenian population, provides an example of how conflict harmed health during COVID-19. We hypothesised that crises exposure would correspond to decreased healthcare utilisation rates and worse health outcomes for the maternal and infant population in Armenia, compounded during the pandemic. MethodsFollowing a mixed-methods approach, we used ecological data from 1980 to 2020 to evaluate health trends in conflict, measured as battle-related deaths (BRDs), COVID-19 cases, and maternal and infant health indicators during periods of conflict and peace in Armenia. We also interviewed 10 key informants about unmet needs, maternal health-seeking behaviours and priorities during the war, collecting recommendations to mitigate the effects of future crisis on maternal and infant health. We followed a deductive coding approach to analyse transcripts and harvest themes. ResultsBRDs totalled more in the 2020 war compared with the previous Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts. Periods of active conflict between 1988–2020 were associated with increased rates of sick newborn mortality, neonatal mortality and pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Weekly average COVID-19 cases increased sevenfold during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Key informants expressed concerns about the effects of stress and grief on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes and recommended investing in healthcare system reform. Participants also stressed the synergistic effects of the war and COVID-19, noting healthcare capacity concerns and the importance of a strong primary care system. ConclusionsMaternal and infant health measures showed adverse trends during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, potentially amplified by the concurrent COVID-19 pandemic. To mitigate effects of future crises on population health in Armenia, informants recommended investments in healthcare system reform focused on primary care and health promotion.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSiy, W., Sicat, Z. M., Bautista, T. M., Formalejo, A., Gatdula, M. E., Ico, A. A., Julian, C. J., Pabion, M. C., Reyes, J. L., Santander, N. M.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
IntroductionThe abrupt transition of the mode of learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increase in complaints of musculoskeletal (MSK) discomfort among students in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Inadequate physical space and equipment are one major cause of these complaints. Among HEIs, physical therapy (PT) students have sufficient background in managing MSK discomforts. However, this does not prevent them from experiencing pain and discomfort during online classes. This analytical cross-sectional study aims to determine the correlation between ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort among first-year to fourth-year PT students. Methods and analysisThe study will use two questionnaires, the Ergonomic Knowledge Questionnaire, and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, that determine the level of ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort, respectively. This will be disseminated to 144 students through google forms. Results will then be analysed using Pearson Correlation Test. The study anticipates a correlation between the level of ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort among the participants. Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the University of Santo Tomas-College of Rehabilitation Sciences Ethics Review Committee. The participants will receive the results prior to publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Trial registration numberPhilippine Health Research Registry with registry ID PHRR230216-005443.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHongqin XuHongyan LiHailong YouPeng ZhangNan LiNan JiangYang CaoLing QinGuixiang QinHongbo QuHeyuan WangBo ZouXia HeDan LiHuazhong ZhaoGang HuangYang LiHefeng ZhangLiping ZhuHongmei QiaoHongjun LiShurong LiuLina GuGuidong YinYe HuSongbai XuWeiying GuoNanya WangChaoying LiuPujun GaoJie CaoYang ZhengKaiyu ZhangYang WangHui ChenJian ZhangDongmei MuJunqi Niua Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinab Nursing Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinae Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Infectious Diseases, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinah Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinai Center of Tubercular Meningitis, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinaj Department of Medical Affairs, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinak Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinal Department of Medical Affairs, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinam Nursing Department, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinan Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinao Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinap Center of Information and Statistics, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinaq Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinar Department of pediatric respiratory medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinas The Fifth treatment area, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinat Department of Hepatology, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinau Department of cerebral surgery, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinav Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinaw Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinax Department of Neology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinay Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Jeong-Hwan HwangYeon Seok YouSang Woo YeomMin Gyu LeeJong-hwan LeeMin Gul KimJong Seung Kima Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Koreab Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Koreac Department of Medical Informatics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Koread Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Koreae Department of Pharmacology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Paskorn SritipsukhoThana KhawcharoenpornBoonying SiribumrungwongPansachee DamronglerdNuntra SuwantaratAraya SatdhabudhaChanapai ChaiyakulsilPhakatip SinlapamongkolkulAuchara TangsathapornpongPornumpa BunjoungmaneeSira NanthapisalChamnan TanprasertkulNaiyana SritipsukhoChatchai MingmalairakAnucha ApisarnthanarakPichaya Tantiyavaronga Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandb Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandc Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailande Department of Internal Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandf Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandg Thammasat Postdoctoral Fellowship, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandh Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Ruihua WangYing SunBo-Hua KuangXiao YanJinju LeiYu-Xin LinJinxiu TianYating LiXiaoduo XieTao ChenHui ZhangYi-Xin ZengJincun ZhaoLin Fenga Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease at People’s Hospital of Yangjiang, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinad Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinaf Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Feng FanXin ZhangZhiyu ZhangYuan DingLimei WangXin XuYaying PanFang-Yuan GongLin JiangLingyu KangZhuo HaHuijun LuJiawang HouZhihua KouGan ZhaoBin WangXiao-Ming Gaoa Advaccine Biopharmaceutics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd, Suzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Biological Science and Basic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Shenzhen Qinglan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinad Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Ling QinXinmin DuanJay Zengjun DongYue ChangYang HanYan LiWei JiangHongwei FanXiufeng HouWei CaoHuadong ZhuTaisheng Lia Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac KP Medical Partners Ltd, Taizhou, People's Republic of Chinad Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Medical Intensive Care Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinag Tsinghua University Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Rui SongGang ZengJianxing YuXing MengXiaoyou ChenJing LiXiaoliang XieXiaojuan LianZhiyun ZhangYunlong CaoWeidong YinRonghua Jina Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae Changping Laboratory, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Pingchao LiQian WangYizi HeChenchen YangZhengyuan ZhangZijian LiuBo LiuLi YinYilan CuiPeiyu HuYichu LiuPingqian ZhengWei WangLinbing QuCaijun SunSuhua GuanLiqiang FengLing Chena State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinae University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Miao WangBing ZhouQing FanXinrong ZhouXuejiao LiaoJingyan LinZhenghua MaJingke DongHaiyan WangXiangyang GeBin JuZheng Zhanga Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinab Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinac Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Koichi MiyashitaHironao HozumiKazuki FuruhashiEiji NakataniYusuke InoueHideki YasuiMasato KarayamaYuzo SuzukiTomoyuki FujisawaNoriyuki EnomotoNaoki InuiToshiyuki OjimaTakafumi Sudaa Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japanb Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japanc Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japand Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Li GuoQiao ZhangJingchuan ZhongLan ChenWentao JiangTingxuan HuangYanan LiYin ZhangLiuhui XuXinming WangYan XiaoYing WangXiaojing DongTao DongYanchun PengBiao ZhangYan XieHongmei GaoZhongyang ShenLili RenTao ChengJianwei Wanga National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinac Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinae Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinaf Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of Chinah Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdomi MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdomj Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinak Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinal Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Medical Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinam NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Vincent Ka Chun YanEric Yuk Fai WanXuxiao YeAnna Hoi Ying MokFrancisco Tsz Tsun LaiCeline Sze Ling ChuiXue LiCarlos King Ho WongPhilip Hei LiTiantian MaSimon QinChak Sing LauIan Chi Kei WongEsther Wai Yin Chana Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinab Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinad School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinae School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinag Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UKh Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, UKi Department of Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinaj The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Liwei ZhengShuying LiuFengmin Lua Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab SL Consulting, Thousand Oaks, CA, USAc Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Qian HeShuying LiuZhenglun LiangShan LuWei CunQunying Maoa National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab SYL-Consulting, Thousand Oaks, CA, USAc Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USAd Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Xuying WangFei GuanHeather MillerMaria G ByazrovaFabio CandottiKamel BenlaghaNiels Olsen Saraiva CamaraJiahui LeiAlexander FilatovChaohong Liua Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinab Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinac Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, USAd Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russiae Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerlandf Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, Franceg Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Sergio CandelSylwia D. TyrkalskaCarmen Álvarez-SantacruzVictoriano Muleroa Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spainb Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spainc Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spaind Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Vega Lorenzo Guirao, Cieza, Murcia, Spain
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Jonas Sundén-Cullberg, Puran Chen, Henrike Häbel, Paul Skorup, Helena Janols, Johan Rasmuson, Katarina Niward, Åse Östholm Balkhed, Katerina Chatzidionysiou, Hilmir Asgeirsson, Ola Blennow, Åsa Parke, Anna-Karin Svensson, Jagadeeswara Rao Muvva, Hans-Gustav Ljunggren, Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Treatment Working Group, Anna-Carin Horne, Ulrika Ådén, Jan-Inge Henter, Anders Sönnerborg, Jan Vesterbacka, Piotr Nowak, Jon Lampa
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
by Jonas Sundén-Cullberg, Puran Chen, Henrike Häbel, Paul Skorup, Helena Janols, Johan Rasmuson, Katarina Niward, Åse Östholm Balkhed, Katerina Chatzidionysiou, Hilmir Asgeirsson, Ola Blennow, Åsa Parke, Anna-Karin Svensson, Jagadeeswara Rao Muvva, Hans-Gustav Ljunggren, Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Treatment Working Group , Anna-Carin Horne, Ulrika Ådén, Jan-Inge Henter, Anders Sönnerborg, Jan Vesterbacka, Piotr Nowak, Jon Lampa Background Anakinra and tocilizumab are used for severe Covid-19, but only one previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) has studied both. We performed a multi-center RCT comparing anakinra or tocilizumab versus usual care (UC) for adults at high risk of deterioration. Methods The study was conducted June 2020 to March 2021. Eligibility required ≥ 5 liters/minute of Oxygen to maintain peripheral oxygen saturation at ≥ 93%, CRP > 70 mg/L, ferritin > 500 μg/L and at least two points where one point was awarded for lymphocytes < 1x 109/L; D-dimer ≥ 0.5 mg/L and; lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 8 microkatal/L. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive either a single dose of tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) or anakinra 100 mg IV QID for seven days or UC alone. The primary outcome was time to recovery. Results Recruitment was ended prematurely when tocilizumab became part of usual care. Out of a planned 195 patients, 77 had been randomized, 27 to UC, 28 to anakinra and 22 to tocilizumab. Median time to recovery was 15, 15 and 11 days. Rate ratio for recovery for UC vs anakinra was 0.91, 0.47 to 1.78, 95% [CI], p = 0.8 and for UC vs tocilizumab 1.13, 0.55 to 2.30; p = 0.7. There were non-significant trends favoring tocilizumab (and to limited degree anakinra) vs UC for some secondary outcomes. Safety profiles did not differ significantly. Conclusion Premature closure of trial precludes firm conclusions. Anakinra or tocilizumab did not significantly shorten time to clinical recovery compared to usual care. (IMMCoVA, NCT04412291, EudraCT: 2020–00174824).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLuke Bracegirdle, Matthew Stubbs, Rezaur Rahman, Alexander I. R. Jackson, Helmi C. Burton-Papp, Robert Chambers, Sanjay Gupta, Michael P. W. Grocott, Ahilanandan Dushianthan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.12.2023
Tilføjet 29.12.2023
by Luke Bracegirdle, Matthew Stubbs, Rezaur Rahman, Alexander I. R. Jackson, Helmi C. Burton-Papp, Robert Chambers, Sanjay Gupta, Michael P. W. Grocott, Ahilanandan Dushianthan Background COVID-19 placed immense strain on healthcare systems, necessitating innovative responses to the surge of critically ill patients, particularly those requiring mechanical ventilation. In this report, we detail the establishment of a dedicated critical care prone positioning team at University Hospital Southampton in response to escalating demand for prone positioning during the initial wave of the pandemic. Methods The formation of a prone positioning team involved meticulous planning and collaboration across disciplines to ensure safe and efficient manoeuvrers. A comprehensive training strategy, aligned with national guidelines, was implemented for approximately 550 staff members from a diverse background. We surveyed team members to gain insight to the lived experience. Results A total of 78 full-time team members were recruited and successfully executed over 1200 manoeuvres over an eight-week period. Our survey suggests the majority felt valued and expressed pride and willingness to participate again should the need arise. Conclusion The rapid establishment and deployment of a dedicated prone positioning team may have contributed to both patient care and staff well-being. We provide insight and lessons that may be of value for future respiratory pandemics. Future work should explore objective clinical outcomes and long-term sustainability of such services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZixin Cai, Bilian Liu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.12.2023
Tilføjet 29.12.2023
by Zixin Cai, Bilian Liu Objective In December 2019, a novel pneumonia associated with the 2019 coronavirus emerged unexpectedly. However, limited data exist on the effects of COVID-19 on ACTH and cortisol levels. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies on the relationship between COVID-19 patients and their ACTH and cortisol levels. Methods We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up until May 2023. We assessed the relevance of each study we found, specifically looking for studies that reported on ACTH and cortisol levels in COVID-19 patients. We calculated weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to investigate the relationship between ACTH and cortisol levels in COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the quality of each study using the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS), and we assessed publication bias using Begg’s rank correlation test, Egger’s test, and funnel plot. We conducted our meta-analysis using the Stata 12.0 (Stata Corporation, TX). Results Our search yielded nine studies that met our inclusion criteria, which included a total of 440 COVID-19 patients and 474 controls, with data up to May 2023. Seven of these studies reported on ACTH levels, and six studies reported on cortisol levels. Our findings revealed that COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of cortisol compared to controls (WMD 3.46 (95% CI 2.29 to 4.62)). However, there was no significant difference in ACTH levels between COVID-19 patients and controls (WMD 1.58 (95% CI -5.79 to 8.94)). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates a potential relationship between elevated cortisol levels and COVID-19 infection. However, more well-designed, adequately powered, randomized controlled trial will be needed to assess the use of cortisol in patients with COVID-19 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatricia Escobedo, Daniel Garcia, Liam Cascelli, Gabriela Chavira, Gilberto E. Flores, Jodi L. Constantine Brown, David Boyns, Andrew T. Ainsworth
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.12.2023
Tilføjet 29.12.2023
by Patricia Escobedo, Daniel Garcia, Liam Cascelli, Gabriela Chavira, Gilberto E. Flores, Jodi L. Constantine Brown, David Boyns, Andrew T. Ainsworth In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced many in person undergraduate research experiences (UREs) to pivot to remote online training. To investigate how the COVID-19 quarantine disrupted student URE outcomes over time, the current study examines Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) Promoting Opportunities for Diversity in Education and Research (PODER) URE outcomes across different platforms (in-person, remote, and hybrid models) by comparing student survey data from 2019 to 2021. Participants consisted of three cohorts: 2019 (n = 26 students), 2020 (n = 33), 2021 (n = 34). The BUILD PODER Summer JumpStart program (SJS), which aims to increase diversity in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) by recruiting mostly underrepresented students, was conducted in person in 2019, remotely in 2020 and using a hybrid model in 2021. All students completed an online survey on the first and last day of the four-week SJS program. We used one-way and mixed ANOVA models to analyze Cohort, Time (pre-test vs. post-test scores), and interaction of Cohort and Time for Research Self-Efficacy, Sense of Belonging, Mentor Relationship, Mentee Knowledge, Health, Stress, and Student Program Satisfaction measures. Despite the platform changes, student scores increased significantly over time for all measures. There was a significant main effect of Time for Research Self-Efficacy, Sense of Belonging, Mentor Relationship, Mentee Knowledge, Health Assessment, and Stress Management. Findings indicate that URE programs that are implemented remotely and using a hybrid format can provide students with experiences similar to in-person URE programs. In addition, remote UREs may provide added benefits compared to in-person programs. For instance, remote UREs could engage more historically minoritized students, who may experience barriers to access, such as work/family commitments, financial constraints, and geographic limitations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSanaz Behnood, Fiona Newlands, Lauren O’Mahoney, Mahta Haghighat Ghahfarokhi, Mohammed Z. Muhid, Jake Dudley, Terence Stephenson, Shamez N. Ladhani, Sophie Bennett, Russell M. Viner, Rowan Bhopal, Paige Kolasinska, Roz Shafran, Olivia V. Swann, Andrea Takeda
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.12.2023
Tilføjet 29.12.2023
by Sanaz Behnood, Fiona Newlands, Lauren O’Mahoney, Mahta Haghighat Ghahfarokhi, Mohammed Z. Muhid, Jake Dudley, Terence Stephenson, Shamez N. Ladhani, Sophie Bennett, Russell M. Viner, Rowan Bhopal, Paige Kolasinska, Roz Shafran, Olivia V. Swann, Andrea Takeda Background Research on the long-term impact on COVID-19 in children and young people (CYP) has been published at pace. We aimed to update and refine an earlier systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the current evidence for Post-COVID-19 Condition in CYP. Methods Studies from the previous systematic review were combined with studies from a systematic search from July 2021 to November 2022 (registration PROSPERO CRD42021233153). Eligible studies included CYP aged ≤19 years with confirmed or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms persisting at least 12 weeks. Findings 55 studies (n = 1,139,299 participants) were included. Over two-hundred symptoms were associated with Post COVID-19 Condition. Gastrointestinal problems, headaches, cough and fever were among the most prevalent symptoms with rates of 50.2%, 35.6%, 34.7% and 25.8% respectively. Twenty-one symptoms from 11 studies were suitable for meta-analysis. There were significantly higher pooled estimates of proportions of symptoms for altered / loss of smell or taste, dyspnoea, fatigue, and myalgia in CYP with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Heterogeneity was high suggesting substantial variation amongst the included studies. Conclusions Many CYP continue to experience symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Efforts to aid early identification and intervention of those most in need is warranted and the consequences of COVID-19 for CYP call for long-term follow-up.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFatema Binte Alam, Prajoy Podder, M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.12.2023
Tilføjet 29.12.2023
by Fatema Binte Alam, Prajoy Podder, M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal Early evaluation and diagnosis can significantly reduce the life-threatening nature of lung diseases. Computer-aided diagnostic systems (CADs) can help radiologists make more precise diagnoses and reduce misinterpretations in lung disease diagnosis. Existing literature indicates that more research is needed to correctly classify lung diseases in the presence of multiple classes for different radiographic imaging datasets. As a result, this paper proposes RVCNet, a hybrid deep neural network framework for predicting lung diseases from an X-ray dataset of multiple classes. This framework is developed based on the ideas of three deep learning techniques: ResNet101V2, VGG19, and a basic CNN model. In the feature extraction phase of this new hybrid architecture, hyperparameter fine-tuning is used. Additional layers, such as batch normalization, dropout, and a few dense layers, are applied in the classification phase. The proposed method is applied to a dataset of COVID-19, non-COVID lung infections, viral pneumonia, and normal patients’ X-ray images. The experiments take into account 2262 training and 252 testing images. Results show that with the Nadam optimizer, the proposed algorithm has an overall classification accuracy, AUC, precision, recall, and F1-score of 91.27%, 92.31%, 90.48%, 98.30%, and 94.23%, respectively. Finally, these results are compared with some recent deep-learning models. For this four-class dataset, the proposed RVCNet has a classification accuracy of 91.27%, which is better than ResNet101V2, VGG19, VGG19 over CNN, and other stand-alone models. Finally, the application of the GRAD-CAM approach clearly interprets the classification of images by the RVCNet framework.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYang, J., Andersen, K. M., Rai, K. K., Tritton, T., Mugwagwa, T., Reimbaeva, M., Tsang, C., McGrath, L. J., Payne, P., Backhouse, B. E., Mendes, D., Butfield, R., Naicker, K., Araghi, M., Wood, R., Nguyen, J. L.
BMJ Open, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
ObjectivesTo quantify direct costs and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) associated with acute COVID-19 in adults in England. DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care electronic medical records linked to Hospital Episode Statistics secondary care administrative data. SettingPatients registered to primary care practices in England. Population1 706 368 adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antigen test from August 2020 to January 2022 were included; 13 105 within the hospitalised cohort indexed between August 2020 and March 2021, and 1 693 263 within the primary care cohort indexed between August 2020 and January 2022. Patients with a COVID-19-related hospitalisation within 84 days of a positive test were included in the hospitalised cohort. Main outcome measuresPrimary and secondary care HCRU and associated costs ≤4 weeks following positive COVID-19 test, stratified by age group, risk of severe COVID-19 and immunocompromised status. ResultsAmong the hospitalised cohort, average length of stay, including critical care stays, was longer in older adults. Median healthcare cost per hospitalisation was higher in those aged 75–84 (£8942) and ≥85 years (£8835) than in those aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSridhar, S., Mol, B. W., Hodges, R., Palmer, K. R., Sundram, S., de Carvalho Pacagnella, R., Souza, R. T., Barbosa-Junior, F., Mackin, D., Said, J., Rolnik, D., Malhotra, A.
BMJ Open, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
IntroductionPreterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, reduction in rates of preterm birth in women exposed to viral mitigation measures was reported by multiple studies. In addition, others and we observed a more pronounced reduction of preterm birth in women who had previously experienced a preterm birth. The aim of this pilot study is to establish the feasibility of a lifestyle intervention based on viral mitigation measures in high-risk pregnancies, with the ultimate aim to reduce the incidence of preterm birth. Methods and analysisOne hundred pregnant women, enrolled in antenatal clinics at two tertiary maternity centres in Melbourne, Australia, who have had a previous preterm birth between 22 and 34 weeks gestation will be recruited. This is a two-arm, parallel group, open-label randomised controlled feasibility trial: 50 women will be randomised to the intervention group, where they will be requested to comply with a set of lifestyle changes (similar to the viral mitigation measures observed during the pandemic). Another 50 women will be randomised to the control group, where they will undergo standard pregnancy care. The primary outcome of this trial is feasibility, which will be assessed by measuring patient eligibility rate, recruitment rate, compliance rate and data completion rate. Secondary outcomes include incidence of preterm birth, maternal satisfaction, maternal quality of life and other pregnancy outcomes. Standard methods in statistical analysis for randomised controlled trials on an intention to treat basis will be followed. Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the Monash Human Research Ethics Committee; approval reference number RES-22-0000-122A. Study findings will be reported and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication, and presentation at conferences. Trial registration numberACTRN12622000753752; Pre-results.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMassey, D., Sawano, M., Baker, A. D., Güthe, D. B., Güthe, N., Shidlovsky, S. P., Fisher, L., Grady, C. B., Caraballo, C., Zhou, T., Sharma, R., Krumholz, H. M.
BMJ Open, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
ObjectivesTo describe the experiences of patients who have postacute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection with internal vibrations and tremors as a prominent component, we leveraged the efforts by Survivor Corps, a grassroots COVID-19 patient advocacy group, to gather information from individuals belonging to its Facebook group with a history of COVID-19 suffering from vibrations and tremors. Setting and designA narrative analysis was performed on 140 emails and 450 social media comments from 140 individuals collected as a response to a call to >180 000 individuals participating in Survivor Corps between 15 July and 27 July 2021. We used common coding techniques and the constant comparative method for qualitative data synthesis and categorising emails. Coded data were entered into NVivo V.12 to identify recurrent themes, theme connections and supporting quotations. Comments were analysed using Word Clouds, generated with R V.4.0.3 using quanteda, wordcloud and tm packages. Main outcome measuresPatient-reported long COVID symptom themes and domains related to internal tremors and vibration. ResultsThe respondents’ emails represented 22 themes and 7 domains pertaining to their experience with internal tremor and vibrations. These domains were as follows: (1) symptom experience, description and anatomic location; (2) initial symptom onset; (3) symptom timing; (4) symptom triggers or alleviators; (5) change from baseline health status; (6) experience with medical establishment and (7) impact on individuals’ lives and livelihood. There were 22 themes in total, each corresponding to one of the broader domains. Among the responses, many described symptoms that varied in location, timing and triggers, occurred soon after their COVID-19 infection, and were markedly debilitating. There were often frustrating experiences with the healthcare system. ConclusionsThis study describes key themes and experiences among a group of people reporting long COVID and having a prolonged and debilitating symptom complex that prominently features internal tremors and vibrations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWang, H., Zhou, Y., Dai, P., Guan, Y., Zhong, J., Li, N., Yu, M.
BMJ Open, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
ObjectivesTo ascertain the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety symptoms among middle and high school students in Zhejiang after 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignA school-based cross-sectional study. Setting30 counties/districts in Zhejiang Province, China. Participants27 019 students attending middle and high schools. Outcome measuresAnxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7). A total score of 10 or more is considered indicative of anxiety symptoms. ResultsThe overall prevalence (95% CI) of anxiety symptoms was 14.2% (13.4 to 15.0), higher among girls (18.6%, 95% CI: 17.5 to 19.7) than boys (10.2%, 95% CI: 9.5 to 10.9) (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWebb, A., Coward, L., Yousef, M., Karamesinis, A., Leong, S.
BMJ Open, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
ObjectiveThis study aims to assess whether offering small financial incentives to smokers on elective surgery wait-lists is feasible and increases quitting before surgery. DesignRandomised controlled trial, prospective, double-blinded. SettingSingle-centre, Australian metropolitan public hospital. Participants620 adult smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day) were randomised on being wait-listed for elective surgery and 404 underwent operations (28 January 2021–31 July 2022) at the hospital (65.2%) by trial’s end. InterventionIntervention participants were offered at wait-listing an $A70 supermarket voucher for verified abstinence on the day of surgery, provided they registered an intention to quit before surgery. Registrants intending to quit were also referred to Quitline. Neither intervention was offered to control participants (usual care). Smokers wait-listed from 17 May 2021 were offered an increased incentive of $A140. Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome, quitting at least 24 hours before surgery, verified by exhaled carbon monoxide testing. Feasibility outcomes were the proportion taking up offers, ease of patient contact and disputes about quit status. ResultsOf 620 randomised participants (control 312, intervention 308), 404 had surgery at the hospital during the trial (control 214, intervention 190), which was lower than expected (for COVID-19 reasons). Offering $A70 resulted in 21.9% registering to quit, increasing to 32.6% with $A140. Telephone calls were the most effective means to gain registrations. The proportion of intervention group patients verified quit at least 24 hours before surgery was similar to controls (9.5% vs 8.9%, OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.5 to 2.2). Quitline contact was higher in the intervention group (13.2% vs 2.3%, OR 6.3, 95% CI 2.3 to 21.6). Disputes over test results did not occur, but 17.4% of intervention participants claiming quit failed verification. ConclusionA single offer of financial rewards for perioperative cessation was feasible, without achieving clinically important quit differences. Trial registration numberACTRN12620000130965.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
Abstract Background and aim Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that can spread very rapidly with important public health impacts. The prediction of the important factors related to the patient\'s infectious diseases is helpful to health care workers. The aim of this research was to select the critical feature of the relationship between demographic, biochemical, and hematological characteristics, in patients with and without COVID-19 infection. Method A total of 13,170 participants in the age range of 35–65 years were recruited. Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), and Bootstrap Forest (BF) techniques were fitted into data. Three models were considered in this study, in model I, the biochemical features, in model II, the hematological features, and in model II, both biochemical and homological features were studied. Results In Model I, the BF, DT, and LR algorithms identified creatine phosphokinase (CPK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total bilirubin, body mass index (BMI), sex, and age, as important predictors for COVID-19. In Model II, our BF, DT, and LR algorithms identified BMI, sex, mean platelet volume (MPV), and age as important predictors. In Model III, our BF, DT, and LR algorithms identified CPK, BMI, MPV, BUN, FBG, sex, creatinine (Cr), age, and total bilirubin as important predictors. Conclusion The proposed BF, DT, and LR models appear to be able to predict and classify infected and non-infected people based on CPK, BUN, BMI, MPV, FBG, Sex, Cr, and Age which had a high association with COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
Abstract Background There is evidence that during the COVID pandemic, a number of patient and HCW infections were nosocomial. Various measures were put in place to try to reduce these infections including developing asymptomatic PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing schemes for healthcare workers. Regularly testing all healthcare workers requires many tests while reducing this number by only testing some healthcare workers can result in undetected cases. An efficient way to test as many individuals as possible with a limited testing capacity is to consider pooling multiple samples to be analysed with a single test (known as pooled testing). Methods Two different pooled testing schemes for the asymptomatic testing are evaluated using an individual-based model representing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a ‘typical’ English hospital. We adapt the modelling to reflect two scenarios: a) a retrospective look at earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants under lockdown or social restrictions, and b) transitioning back to ‘normal life’ without lockdown and with the omicron variant. The two pooled testing schemes analysed differ in the population that is eligible for testing. In the ‘ward’ testing scheme only healthcare workers who work on a single ward are eligible and in the ‘full’ testing scheme all healthcare workers are eligible including those that move across wards. Both pooled schemes are compared against the baseline scheme which tests only symptomatic healthcare workers. Results Including a pooled asymptomatic testing scheme is found to have a modest (albeit statistically significant) effect, reducing the total number of nosocomial healthcare worker infections by about 2 (%) in both the lockdown and non-lockdown setting. However, this reduction must be balanced with the increase in cost and healthcare worker isolations. Both ward and full testing reduce HCW infections similarly but the cost for ward testing is much less. We also consider the use of lateral flow devices (LFDs) for follow-up testing. Considering LFDs reduces cost and time but LFDs have a different error profile to PCR tests. Conclusions Whether a PCR-only or PCR and LFD ward testing scheme is chosen depends on the metrics of most interest to policy makers, the virus prevalence and whether there is a lockdown.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRosalía Palomino‐Cabrera, Francisco Tejerina, Andrea Molero‐Salinas, Cristina Veintimilla, Pilar Catalán, María Ferris, Santiago Osorio, Roberto Alonso, Patricia Muñoz, Darío de García de Viedma, Laura Pérez‐Lago, the Gregorio Marañón Microbiology‐ID COVID 19 Study Group
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
Hamad AlRashed, Johanna Miele, Joshua Prasad, Deborah Adenikinju, Chukwuemeka Iloegbu, John Patena, Dorice Vieira, Joyce Gyamfi, Emmanuel Peprah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
by Hamad AlRashed, Johanna Miele, Joshua Prasad, Deborah Adenikinju, Chukwuemeka Iloegbu, John Patena, Dorice Vieira, Joyce Gyamfi, Emmanuel Peprah Aim and objectives The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review analysis to identify and evaluate the available literature on implementation science outcomes research in relation to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Pakistan. Methods A systematic database search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Ovid was conducted through October 22nd, 2022, without any restrictions on publication dates. A screening and data extraction tool, Covidence, was used to evaluate the literature against our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, a Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the selected studies. Results We identified four studies that presented findings of implementation outcomes research which were related to appropriateness, feasibility, and acceptability. Appropriateness was examined using knowledge scores (p = 0.022) and medication adherence scores (p < 0.05) that showed statistical significance between the control and intervention groups. Acceptability was assessed through a cross sectional quantitative descriptive study that evaluated the reasons for refusal and acceptance of treatment in a cohort of patients suffering from ESRD. Feasibility was examined in one cross sectional, and one mixed methods study that aimed to evaluate and understand the impact of initiating dialysis treatment and the feasibility of maintaining it in low-income families that care for children or adults with ESRD. Conclusion The preliminary results of this review indicate a gap in the availability of implementation research studies about ESRD in Pakistan. The burden of ESRD, and the implementation methods by which it is treated is notable in Pakistan and requires evidence-based measures to be implemented to support the critical healthcare delivery platforms that provide treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCaroline Norrie, Olivia Luijnenburg, Jo Moriarty, Kritika Samsi, Jill Manthorpe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
by Caroline Norrie, Olivia Luijnenburg, Jo Moriarty, Kritika Samsi, Jill Manthorpe Context In England, Personal Assistants (PAs) are part of an international trend towards state funded but client-hired or directly employed care workers. The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted and exacerbated pre-existing risks and advantages of this arrangement for both PAs and people with care and support needs. Objectives We aim to report PAs’ reflections on their experiences of working since the pandemic started in 2020 and highlight the longer-term implications for health and care services. Methods We undertook a large-scale, qualitative study in 2016–17 involving interviews with 104 PAs about their working lives. We re-interviewed PAs from this group twice to ask how the pandemic had affected them, once at the start of the pandemic in Spring 2020 and again in December 2021 –April 2022. This article reports findings from the last set of interviews undertaken with 38 PAs. Thematic analysis was conducted of interviews in which PAs discussed changes in tasks and responsibilities, pay and conditions, training, relationships and plans. Findings This article focuses on the following themes: PAs’ perceptions of their outsider status; support and training needs; job security; and whether PAs have an appetite for regulation to provide greater professional standing and connections. Limitations Interviews in this study were carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic over the telephone or virtually rather than in person so may have missed certain body language or informal relationship building. The sample may be under-representative of non-British PAs. We were unable to triangulate participants’ accounts with others’. Implications This study highlights the importance of national and local government including the PA workforce in planning for national emergencies. Consideration should be given by policy makers and local health and care systems to how PAs can be better supported than currently.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLorenza Pugni, Beatrice Letizia Crippa, Francesco Raimondi, Giovanni Vento, Giovanna Mangili, Alessandra Coscia, Giacomo Artieri, Andrea Ronchi, Maria Luisa Ventura, Paola Lago, Carlo Pietrasanta, Riccardo Crimi, Giuseppina Bonfante, Serafina Perrone, Alessandra Boncompagni, Agostina Solinas, Massimo Agosti, Chiara Poggi, Alessandra Falcone, Claudia Pagliotta, Daniela Gianotti, Genny Gottardi, Giulia Paviotti, Alessandra Allodi, Gianfranco Maffei, Alice Proto, Antonella Travierso, Serena Salomè, Simonetta Costa, Stefania Ferrari, Chiara Peila, Mariateresa Sinelli, Federica Fanelli, Lucia Giordano, Martina Saruggia, Letizia Capasso, Elena Spada, Camilla Gizzi, Luigi Orfeo, Fabio Mosca
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, great concern has been raised on how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could affect the health of mothers infected during pregnancy and their neonates. Several studies showed that pregnant women were at higher risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection than non-pregnant women of comparable ages, and that infection during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of preterm birth and stillbirth [1–4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKerr, S., Millington, T., Rudan, I., McCowan, C., Tibble, H., Jeffrey, K., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Simpson, C. R., Robertson, C., Hippisley-Cox, J., Sheikh, A.
BMJ Open, 27.12.2023
Tilføjet 27.12.2023
ObjectiveThe QCovid 2 and 3 algorithms are risk prediction tools developed during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic that can be used to predict the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and mortality, taking vaccination status into account. In this study, we assess their performance in Scotland. MethodsWe used the Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 national data platform consisting of individual-level data for the population of Scotland (5.4 million residents). Primary care data were linked to reverse-transcription PCR virology testing, hospitalisation and mortality data. We assessed the discrimination and calibration of the QCovid 2 and 3 algorithms in predicting COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths between 8 December 2020 and 15 June 2021. ResultsOur validation dataset comprised 465 058 individuals, aged 19–100. We found the following performance metrics (95% CIs) for QCovid 2 and 3: Harrell’s C 0.84 (0.82 to 0.86) for hospitalisation, and 0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) for death, observed-expected ratio of 0.24 for hospitalisation and 0.26 for death (ie, both the number of hospitalisations and the number of deaths were overestimated), and a Brier score of 0.0009 (0.00084 to 0.00096) for hospitalisation and 0.00036 (0.00032 to 0.0004) for death. ConclusionsWe found good discrimination of the QCovid 2 and 3 algorithms in Scotland, although performance was worse in higher age groups. Both the number of hospitalisations and the number of deaths were overestimated.
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