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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1275 emner vises.
Amanda M. Buck, Amelia N. Deitchman, Saki Takahashi, Scott Lu, Sarah A. Goldberg, Aaron Bodansky, Andrew Kung, Rebecca Hoh, Meghann C. Williams, Marian Kerbleski, David P. Maison, Tyler‐Marie Deveau, Sadie E. Munter, James Lombardo, Terri Wrin, Christos J. Petropoulos, Matthew S. Durstenfeld, Priscilla Y. Hsue, J. Daniel Kelly, Bryan Greenhouse, Jeffrey N. Martin, Steven G. Deeks, Michael J. Peluso, Timothy J. Henrich
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
Laura Capitán-Moyano, Nerea Cañellas-Iniesta, María Arias-Fernández, Miquel Bennasar-Veny, Aina M. Yáñez, Enrique Castro-Sánchez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
by Laura Capitán-Moyano, Nerea Cañellas-Iniesta, María Arias-Fernández, Miquel Bennasar-Veny, Aina M. Yáñez, Enrique Castro-Sánchez Food insecurity in recent years has increased worldwide due to many planetary events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, the climate crisis, and globalization of markets. Adolescents are a particularly vulnerable group to food insecurity, as they enter adulthood with less parental supervision and greater personal autonomy, but less legislative or institutional protection. The experience of food insecurity in adolescents is influenced by several environmental factors at different levels (interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal), although they are not usually addressed in the design of interventions, prioritizing the individual behavioural factors. We present a scoping review protocol for assessing and identifying the environmental factors that could influence adolescents’ food insecurity. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) to prepare the protocol. The search strategy will be performed in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, EBSCOHost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Plus. The reference list of the included studies will also be hand-searched. Grey literature will be search through the electronic database Grey Literature Report, and local, provincial, national, and international organisations’ websites. Assessment of eligibility after screening of titles, abstract and full text, and the resolution of discrepancies will be performed by three independent reviewers. This scoping review will contribute to refine the “logic model of the problem” which constitutes the first step in the intervention mapping protocol. The “logic model of the problem” from the intervention mapping protocol will serve to classify and analyse the environmental factors. The findings from this review will be presented to relevant stakeholders that have a role in shaping the environmental factors.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPeng Liu, Yanyan Zheng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
by Peng Liu, Yanyan Zheng This paper conducts a systematic statistical analysis of the characteristics of the geographical empirical distributions for the numbers of both cumulative and daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths at county, city, and state levels over a time span from January 2020 to June 2022. The mathematical heavy-tailed distributions can be used for fitting the empirical distributions observed in different temporal stages and geographical scales. The estimations of the shape parameter of the tail distributions using the Generalized Pareto Distribution also support the observations of the heavy-tailed distributions. According to the characteristics of the heavy-tailed distributions, the evolution course of the geographical empirical distributions can be divided into three distinct phases, namely the power-law phase, the lognormal phase I, and the lognormal phase II. These three phases could serve as an indicator of the severity degree of the COVID-19 pandemic within an area. The empirical results suggest important intrinsic dynamics of a human infectious virus spread in the human interconnected physical complex network. The findings extend previous empirical studies and could provide more strict constraints for current mathematical and physical modeling studies, such as the SIR model and its variants based on the theory of complex networks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChiara Marraccini, Lucia Merolle, Davide Schiroli, Agnese Razzoli, Gaia Gavioli, Barbara Iotti, Roberto Baricchi, Marta Ottone, Pamela Mancuso, Paolo Giorgi Rossi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
by Chiara Marraccini, Lucia Merolle, Davide Schiroli, Agnese Razzoli, Gaia Gavioli, Barbara Iotti, Roberto Baricchi, Marta Ottone, Pamela Mancuso, Paolo Giorgi Rossi To investigate the association between biochemical and blood parameters collected before the pandemic in a large cohort of Italian blood donors with the risk of infection and severe disease. We also focused on the differences between the pre- and post-Omicron spread in Italy (i.e., pre- and post-January 01, 2022) on the observed associations. We conducted an observational cohort study on 13750 blood donors was conducted using data archived up to 5 years before the pandemic. A t-test or chi-squared test was used to compare differences between groups. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age and epidemic phase of first infection (pre- and post-Omicron spread) were examined. We confirmed a protective effect of groups B and O, while groups A and AB had a higher likelihood of infection and severe disease. However, these associations were only significant in the pre-Omicron period. We found an opposite behavior after Omicron spread, with the O phenotype having a higher probability of infection. When stratified by variant, A antigen appeared to protect against Omicron infection, whereas it was associated with an increased risk of infection by earlier variants. We were able to stratify for the SARS CoV-2 dominant variant, which revealed a causal association between blood group and probability of infection, as evidenced by the strong effect modification observed between the pre- and post-Omicron spread. The mechanism by which group A acts on the probability of infection should consider this strong effect modification.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKelsey McOwat, Snehal M. Pinto Pereira, Manjula D. Nugawela, Shamez N. Ladhani, Fiona Newlands, Terence Stephenson, Ruth Simmons, Malcolm G. Semple, Terry Segal, Marta Buszewicz, Isobel Heyman, Trudie Chalder, Tamsin Ford, Emma Dalrymple, Consortium, Roz Shafran
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
by Kelsey McOwat, Snehal M. Pinto Pereira, Manjula D. Nugawela, Shamez N. Ladhani, Fiona Newlands, Terence Stephenson, Ruth Simmons, Malcolm G. Semple, Terry Segal, Marta Buszewicz, Isobel Heyman, Trudie Chalder, Tamsin Ford, Emma Dalrymple, Consortium , Roz Shafran Background During the COVID-19 pandemic children and young people (CYP) were socially restricted during a stage of life crucial to development, potentially putting an already vulnerable population at higher risk of loneliness, social isolation, and poorer wellbeing. The objectives of this study are to conduct an exploratory analysis into loneliness before and during the pandemic, and determine which self-reported factors are associated with loneliness. Methods and findings Participants from The Children with Long COVID (CLoCk) national study were invited to take part via an online survey, with a total of 31,017 participants taking part, 31,016 of which reported on their experience of loneliness. Participants retrospectively answered questions on demographics, lifestyle, physical health and mental health and loneliness before the pandemic and at the time of answering the survey. Before the pandemic 6.5% (2,006/31,016) of participants reported experiencing loneliness “Often/Always” and at the time of survey completion 17.4% (5,395/31,016) reported feeling lonelier. There was an association between meeting the research definition of long COVID and loneliness [3.49 OR, 95%CI 3.28–3.72]. CYP who reported feeling lonelier at the time of the survey than before the pandemic were assigned female at birth, older CYP, those from Black/African/Caribbean/Black British or other ethnicity groups, those that had 3–4 siblings and lived in more deprived areas. Conclusions We demonstrate associations between multiple factors and experiences of loneliness during the pandemic. There is a need for a multi-faceted integrated approach when developing interventions targeted at loneliness. It is important to follow up the CYP involved at regular intervals to investigate the progression of their experience of loneliness over time.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
A study linking viral infection with reduced levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and mood, has proposed a new potential mechanism underlying post–COVID-19 condition. Also known as long COVID, the condition involves symptoms such as fatigue, memory loss, and cognitive impairment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
Although the US Strategic National Stockpile—a collection of medications, medical devices, and vaccines, among other tools—distributed supplies such as personal protective equipment within the first 3 months of 2020, its ability to respond effectively to the COVID-19 pandemic fell short due to internal and external factors, according to an audit conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Inspector General. Due to these factors, “the Stockpile could not meet demand and was not equipped to handle the COVID-19 pandemic,” the investigators concluded.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
Although the rates of medical abortions were similar before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of procedural abortions fell by 31%, according to commercial insurance reimbursement data from about 17 500 abortions. The study was funded by the federal Health Resources and Services Administration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSanz Diez, P., Ohlendorf, A., Barraza-Bernal, M. J., Kratzer, T., Wahl, S.
BMJ Open, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
ObjectiveThis study aimed at evaluating refractive changes in German school-aged children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignCross-sectional study. Setting414 eye care professional centres from Germany. ParticipantsRefractive data from 59 926 German children aged 6–15 years were examined over a 7-year period (2015–2021). Primary and secondary outcome measuresSpherical equivalent refraction was assessed as a function of year, age and gender. The refractive values concerning 2020 and 2021 were compared with those assigned to prior years (2015–2019). ResultsThe refractive data associated with 2020 and 2021 showed a myopic refractive shift of approximately –0.20D compared with the 2015–2019 range. The refractive change was statistically considerable in the 6 to 11-year range (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedUpinder Kaur, Noti Taruni Srija Reddy, Jaideep Reddy, Dondapati Venkata Vamshi Krishna, Amol Dehade, Neeraj Kumar Agrawal
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
Syed Abdul Hamid, Md. Ragaul Azim, Md. Mahfujur Rahman, Md. Sirajul Islam
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
by Syed Abdul Hamid, Md. Ragaul Azim, Md. Mahfujur Rahman, Md. Sirajul Islam Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of a well-equipped and supported healthcare workforce, and Bangladesh still faces challenges in providing adequate and well-equipped healthcare services. Therefore, the study aims to assess the level of working conditions of the clinical health workers in Bangladesh and their relative importance in delivering quality healthcare services. Methods The study followed a cross-sectional study design and collected primary data adopting a quantitative method. A total of 319 clinical workforces from four districts and eight sub-districts were randomly selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A 26-component questionnaire used to assess various components of working conditions. Descriptive statistics, and bivariate analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The study found that the working conditions of clinical health workers in primary and secondary healthcare facilities in Bangladesh were quite poor (3.40), with almost two-thirds of respondents showing negative views in 23 out of 26 indicators. The results also showed that working conditions were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in primary compared to secondary level facilities. Moreover, men, younger workforce, and workforce with shorter length of service were more likely to report poor working conditions than their counterparts. Lastly, receiving monthly salary in due time was top-ranked (99.15) in terms of importance for delivering quality healthcare, followed by availability of medicines (98.04), and medical and surgical requisites (97.57), and adequate mentoring and support to perform duties (97.50). Conclusion The study highlights the poor working conditions of clinical health workers in public health facilities in Bangladesh. It recommends that policymakers should prioritize improving working conditions by addressing the factors that are crucial for delivering quality healthcare. Improving working conditions will have a positive impact on the retention and motivation of workers, which will ultimately lead to better health outcomes for the population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKathryn W. Hendrickson, Ramona O. Hopkins, Danielle L. Groat, Stephanie C. Stokes, Fiona M. Schroeder, Jorie M. Butler, Eliotte L. Hirshberg
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
by Kathryn W. Hendrickson, Ramona O. Hopkins, Danielle L. Groat, Stephanie C. Stokes, Fiona M. Schroeder, Jorie M. Butler, Eliotte L. Hirshberg Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (SARS-CoV-2,) caused an influx of patients with acute disease characterized by a variety of symptoms termed COVID-19 disease, with some patients going on to develop post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Individual factors like sex or coping styles are associated with a person’s disease experience and quality of life. Individual differences in coping styles used to manage COVID-19 related stress correlate with physical and mental health outcomes. Our study sought to understand the relationship between COVID-19 symptoms, severity of acute disease, and coping profiles. Methods An online survey to assess symptoms, functional status, and recovery in a large group of patients was nationally distributed online. The survey asked about symptoms, course of illness, and included the Brief-COPE and the adapted Social Relationship Inventory. We used descriptive and cluster analyses to characterize patterns of survey responses. Results 976 patients were included in the analysis. The most common symptoms reported by the patients were fatigue (72%), cough (71%), body aches/joint pain (66%), headache (62%), and fever/chills (62%). 284 participants reported PACS. We described three different coping profiles: outward, inward, and dynamic copers. Discussion Fatigue, cough, and body aches/joint pains were the most frequently reported symptoms. PACS patients were sicker, more likely to have been hospitalized. Of the three coping profiles, outward copers were more likely to be admitted to the hospital and had the healthiest coping strategies. Dynamic copers activated several coping strategies both positive and negative; they were also younger and more likely to report PACS. Conclusion Cough, fatigue, and body aches/joint pain are common and most important to patients with acute COVID-19, while shortness of breath defined the experience for patients with PACS. Of the three coping profiles, dynamic copers were more likely to report PACS. Additional investigations into coping profiles in general, and the experience of COVID-19 and PACS is needed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMateus Silva Chang, Isamu Yamamoto
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
by Mateus Silva Chang, Isamu Yamamoto This paper estimated the impact of intervention effects (state of emergency (SOE) or quasi-SOE requirements) and information effects (publicized increases in the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths and fear of infection) on preventive behaviors and telecommuting during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Japan Household Panel Survey. Our results indicated that SOEs and quasi-SOEs had positive effects on the adoption of preventive behaviors among individuals, including handwashing, which indicates that an SOE has a direct effect and an indirect effect. Although SOEs in Japan were less enforceable and more lenient than those in other countries, they still had a certain effect on people’s adoption of preventive behaviors. However, the contribution of information effects was much larger than that of intervention effects, suggesting the importance of how and when information should be communicated to the public to prevent the spread of infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIneke Spruijt, Yalda Alam, Huong Nguyen, Bakyt Myrzaliev, Muratbek Ahmatov, Bethrand Odume, Lillian Mtei, Agnes Gebhard, Mustapha Gidado, Degu Jerene
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
by Ineke Spruijt, Yalda Alam, Huong Nguyen, Bakyt Myrzaliev, Muratbek Ahmatov, Bethrand Odume, Lillian Mtei, Agnes Gebhard, Mustapha Gidado, Degu Jerene Background The measures undertaken to control COVID-19 have disrupted many platforms including tuberculosis (TB) healthcare services. Consequently, declines in TB notifications have been observed in various countries. We visualized changes over time in TB and SARS-CoV-2 infection notifications and reported on country-specific strategies to retain TB care and prevention services in Kyrgyzstan, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Vietnam. Methods We collected and visualized quarterly, retrospective, and country-specific data (Quarter (Q) 1 2018- Q1 2021) on SARS-CoV-2 infection and TB notifications. Additionally, we conducted a country-specific landscape assessment on COVID-19 measures, including lockdowns, operational level strategy of TB care and prevention services, and strategies employed to recover and retain those services. We used negative binomial regression models to assess the association between the installation of COVID-19 measures and changes in TB notifications. Results TB notifications declined in Kyrgyzstan and Vietnam, and (slightly) increased in Nigeria and Tanzania. The changes in TB notifications were associated with the installation of various COVID-19 prevention measures for Kyrgyzstan and Vietnam (declines) and Nigeria (increases). All countries reported reduced TB screening and testing activities. Countries reported the following strategies to retain TB prevention and care services: digital solutions for treatment adherence support, capacity building, and monitor & evaluation activities; adjustment in medication supply/delivery & quantity, including home delivery, pick up points, and month supply; integrated TB/COVID-19 screening & diagnostic platform; and the use of community health care workers. Conclusion Following the COVID-19 pandemic, we did not observe consistent changes in TB notifications across countries. However, all countries reported lower operating levels of TB prevention and care services. Digital health solutions, community-based interventions, and the integration of COVID-19 and TB testing services were employed to recover and retain those services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 20.11.2023
Tilføjet 20.11.2023
Abstract Background The organ dysfunction that is associated with death in COVID-19 patients has not been determined in multicenter epidemiologic studies. In this study, we evaluated the major association with death, concomitant organ dysfunction, and proportion of multiple organ failure in deaths in patients with COVID-19, along with information on organ support. Methods We performed an observational cohort study using the Japanese multicenter research of COVID-19 by assembling a real-world data (J-RECOVER) study database. This database consists of data on patients discharged between January 1 and September 31, 2020, with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, regardless of intensive care unit admission status. These data were collected from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination and electronic medical records of 66 hospitals in Japan. The clinician identified and recorded the organ responsible for the death of COVID-19. Results During the research period, 4,700 patients with COVID-19 were discharged from 66 hospitals participating in the J-RECOVER study; of which, 272 patients (5.8%) from 47 institutions who died were included in this study. Respiratory system dysfunction (87.1%) was the leading association with death, followed by cardiovascular (4.8%), central nervous (2.9%), gastrointestinal (2.6%), and renal (1.1%) dysfunction. Most patients (96.7%) who died of COVID-19 had respiratory system damage, and about half (48.9%) had multi-organ damage. Of the patients whose main association with death was respiratory dysfunction, 120 (50.6%) received mechanical ventilation. Conclusion This study showed that although respiratory dysfunction was the most common association with death in many cases, multi-organ dysfunction was associated with death due to COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRong, Y., Goswami, S., Eriakha, O., Ramachandran, S., Bentley, J., Banahan, B. F., Kirby, T., Smith, D., Pittman, E., Bhattacharya, K.
BMJ Open, 20.11.2023
Tilføjet 20.11.2023
ObjectiveTo assess if the antecedent statin use was associated with all-cause death among COVID-19 patients enrolled in Medicaid. DesignCohort study. SettingMississippi Medicaid population. ParticipantsThis study included 10 792 Mississippi Medicaid-enrolled patients between 18 and 64 years of age with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis from March 2020 to June 2021. InterventionAntecedent statin use, which was determined by a record of statin prescription in the 90-day period prior to the COVID diagnosis. Main outcome measuresThe outcomes of interest included mortality from all cause within 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after index. ResultsA total of 10 792 patients with COVID-19 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 13.1% of them being antecedent statin users. Statin users were matched 1:1 with non-users based on age, sex, race, comorbidities and medication use by propensity score matching. In total, the matched cohort consisted of 1107 beneficiaries in each group. Multivariable logistic regression showed that statin users were less likely to die within 30 days (adjusted OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.83), 60 days (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.85) and 90 days (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.82) after diagnosis of COVID-19. Those with low-intensity/moderate-intensity statin use had significantly lower mortality risk in the 60-day and the 90-day follow-up period, while the high intensity of statin use was only found to be significantly associated with a lower odd of mortality within 30 days post index. ConclusionAfter COVID infection, Medicaid beneficiaries who had taken statins antecedently could be at lower risk for death. For patients with chronic conditions, continuity of care is crucial when interruptions occur in their medical care. Further research is required to further investigate the potential mechanisms and optimal use of statins in COVID-19 treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKang, J., Kim, H., Cho, O.-H.
BMJ Open, 20.11.2023
Tilføjet 20.11.2023
IntroductionThe post-COVID-19 pandemic era has seen a rise in ‘quiet quitting’, with employees limiting their efforts to fulfil assigned tasks without going beyond their designated responsibilities. The occurrence of quiet quitting in hospitals can have detrimental effects not only on organisational culture but also on patient safety and satisfaction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to define quiet quitting among healthcare professionals in hospitals through concept analysis, identify the associated factors and outcomes of quiet quitting, and conduct a scoping review based on this defined concept. Methods and analysisThis study will adopt Walker and Avant method for concept analysis and Aromataris and Munn methodological framework as well as the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s manual for scoping reviews. The concept analysis will follow eight steps: (1) choosing the concept; (2) outlining the objectives of the analysis; (3) recognising the concept’s uses; (4) selecting the concept’s defining attributes; (5) constructing a model case; (6) constructing additional cases; (7) defining the consequences and antecedents of the concept; and (8) determining empirical referents. This study used databases of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global for the English language, and NDSL, KCI, RISS, KISS and DBpia for the Korean language. Additionally, grey literature will be searched. Ethics and disseminationThis concept analysis and scoping review does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be reported in peer-reviewed publications.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 18 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Jia-Lin Wang, Xin-Long Xiao, Fen-Fen Zhang, Xin Pei, Ming-Tao Li, Ju-Ping Zhang, Juan Zhang, Gui-Quan Sun
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
AbstractCOVID-19 is an acute respiratory disorder that is caused by SARS-CoV-2, in which excessive systemic inflammation is associated with adverse patient clinical outcomes. Here, we observed elevated expression levels of NLRP12 (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat–containing receptor 12) in human peripheral monocytes and lung tissue during infection with SARS-CoV-2. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that NLRP12 directly interacted with the M protein through its leucine-rich repeat domain. Moreover, in vitro studies demonstrated that NLRP12 interacted with TRAF3 and promoted its ubiquitination and degradation, which counteracted the inhibitory effect of TRAF3 on the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and promoted the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, an in vivo study revealed that NLRP12 knockout mice displayed attenuated tissue injury and ameliorated inflammatory responses in the lungs when infected with a SARS-CoV-2 M protein–reconstituted pseudovirus and mouse coronavirus. Taken together, these findings suggest that NLRP12 mediates the inflammatory responses during coronavirus infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGemma Lladós, Marta Massanella, Roser Coll-Fernández, Raúl Rodríguez, Electra Hernández, Giuseppe Lucente, Cristina López, Cora Loste, José Ramón Santos, Sergio España-Cueto, Maria Nevot, Francisco Muñoz-López, Sandra Silva-Arrieta, Christian Brander, Maria José Durà, Patricia Cuadras, Jordi Bechini, Montserrat Tenesa, Alicia Martinez-Piñeiro, Cristina Herrero, Anna Chamorro BsC, Anna Garcia, Eulalia Grau, Bonaventura Clotet, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Germans Trias Long-COVID Unit group
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
The post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is a disabling syndrome affecting at least 5-10% of subjects who survive COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 mediated vagus nerve dysfunction could explain some PCC symptoms, including dysphonia, dysphagia, dyspnea, dizziness, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal disturbances or neurocognitive complaints.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJeng, Margaret; Orsini, Erica M.; Yerke, Jason; Mehkri, Omar; Mireles-Cabodevila, Eduardo; Khouli, Hassan; Mujanovic, Samin; Wang, Xiaofeng; Duggal, Abhijit; Vachharajani, Vidula; Scheraga, Rachel G.
Critical Care Explorations, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
OBJECTIVES: Diagnosis of pneumonia is challenging in critically ill, intubated patients due to limited diagnostic modalities. Endotracheal aspirate (EA) cultures are standard of care in many ICUs; however, frequent EA contamination leads to unnecessary antibiotic use. Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NBBL) obtains sterile, alveolar cultures, avoiding contamination. However, paired NBBL and EA sampling in the setting of a lack of gold standard for airway culture is a novel approach to improve culture accuracy and limit antibiotic use in the critically ill patients. DESIGN: We designed a pilot study to test respiratory culture accuracy between EA and NBBL. Adult, intubated patients with suspected pneumonia received concurrent EA and NBBL cultures by registered respiratory therapists. Respiratory culture microbiology, cell counts, and antibiotic prescribing practices were examined. SETTING: We performed a prospective pilot study at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus Medical ICU in Cleveland, Ohio for 22 months from May 2021 through March 2023. PATIENTS OR SUBJECTS: Three hundred forty mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia were screened. Two hundred fifty-seven patients were excluded for severe hypoxia (Fio2 ≥ 80% or positive end-expiratory pressure ≥ 12 cm H2O), coagulopathy, platelets less than 50,000, hemodynamic instability as determined by the treating team, and COVID-19 infection to prevent aerosolization of the virus. INTERVENTIONS: All 83 eligible patients were enrolled and underwent concurrent EA and NBBL. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: More EA cultures (42.17%) were positive than concurrent NBBL cultures (26.51%, p = 0.049), indicating EA contamination. The odds of EA contamination increased by eight-fold 24 hours after intubation. EA was also more likely to be contaminated with oral flora when compared with NBBL cultures. There was a trend toward decreased antibiotic use in patients with positive EA cultures if paired with a negative NBBL culture. Alveolar immune cell populations were recovered from NBBL samples, indicating successful alveolar sampling. There were no major complications from NBBL. CONCLUSIONS: NBBL is more accurate than EA for respiratory cultures in critically ill, intubated patients. NBBL provides a safe and effective technique to sample the alveolar space for both clinical and research purposes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThi Thanh Ngan Nguyen, Ee Mei Choo, Yukio Nakamura, Ryuji Suzuki, Takashi Shiina, Tadasu Shin-I, Mizuki Fukuta, Co Thach Nguyen, Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen, Le Khanh Hang Nguyen, Vu Mai Phuong Hoang, Kouichi Morita, Duc Anh Dang, Futoshi Hasebe, Thi Quynh Mai Le, Meng Ling Moi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
SARS-CoV-2 transmission and epidemic potential has been associated with population’ immunity levels [1]–[6]. Prior to the emergence of newer variants of concern (VOC), COVID-19 incidence and number of deaths in Vietnam were substantially lower than those in Southeast Asia, and the country had ranked as one of the best in terms of its COVID-19 response. The low rates of infection until 2020 have been attributed to successful movement control orders (MCOs) restricting movement within national and international borders in Vietnam.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence of an association of severe COVID-19 outcomes with increased body mass index (BMI) and male sex. However, few studies have examined the interaction between sex and BMI on SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics.MethodsParticipants conducted RT-PCR testing every 24-48 hours over a 15-day period. Sex and BMI were self-reported, and Ct values from E-gene were used to quantify viral load. Three distinct outcomes were examined using mixed effects generalized linear models, linear models, and logistic models, respectively: all Ct values (Model 1); nadir Ct value (model 2); and strongly detectable infection (at least one Ct value ≤28 during their infection) (Model 3). An interaction term between BMI and sex was included, and inverse logit transformations were applied to quantify the differences by BMI and sex using marginal predictions.ResultsIn total, 7,988 participants enrolled in this study, and 439 participants (Model 1) and 309 (Model 2 and 3) were eligible for these analyses. Among males, increasing BMI was associated with lower Ct values in a dose-response fashion. For participants with BMIs greater than 29, males had significantly lower Ct values and nadir Ct values than females. In total, 67.8% of males and 55.3% of females recorded a strongly detectable infection; increasing proportions of men had Ct values
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Strange are the opportunities that presented themselves and where the path led during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It all began when I was at a National Institutes of Health (NIH) study section on 5–6 March 2020 in Washington, DC, expecting to fly to Boston for the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) when a Friday email announced the cancellation of in-person attendance at the conference (wisely). I had been looking forward to CROI, having worked for weeks to get visa appointments for two Ugandan scientists to travel to CROI to present their cryptococcal meningitis abstracts. My team makes an effort always to present cryptococcal abstracts at CROI so that people do not forget that opportunistic infections still exist worldwide. In March 2020, we were excited to have just launched a phase 2 trial to test oral amphotericin B formulation for cryptococcal meningitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYing Li, Zhiyong Wu, Yi Yan, Yue Shi, Jiaming Huang, Hui Du, Qing Du, Yang Li, Yaxin Lin, Di Liu, Xiaoxia Lu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first reported in Wuhan, is a public health emergency of international concern [1]. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented at the individual, environmental, community, and country levels to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 [2]. Meanwhile, it is generally accepted that NPIs also have broad effects on other respiratory viruses and can modify the epidemiological features of respiratory viruses [3-6].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWoodland, L., Smith, L. E., Webster, R. K., Amlot, R., Rubin, J. G.
BMJ Open, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
ObjectivesTo prevent the spread of infectious disease, children are typically asked not to attend school, clubs or other activities, or socialise with others while they have specific symptoms. Despite this, many children continue to participate in these activities while symptomatic. Design and settingWe commissioned a national cross-sectional survey with data collected between 19 November and 18 December 2021. ParticipantsEligible parents (n=941) were between 18 and 75 years of age, lived in the UK and had at least one child aged between 4 and 17 years. Parents were recruited from a pre-existing pool of potential respondents who had already expressed an interest in receiving market research surveys. Outcome measuresParents were asked whether their children had exhibited either recent vomiting, diarrhoea, high temperature/fever, a new continuous cough, a loss or change to their sense of taste or smell in the absence of a negative (PCR) COVID-19 test (‘stay-at-home symptoms’) since September 2021 and whether they attended school, engaged in other activities outside the home or socialised with members of another household while symptomatic (‘non-adherent’). We also measured parent’s demographics and attitudes about illness. ResultsOne-third (33%, n=84/251, 95% CI: 28% to 39%) of children were ‘non-adherent’ in that they had attended activities outside the home or socialised when they had stay-at-home symptoms. Children were significantly more likely to be non-adherent when parents were aged 45 and younger; they allowed their children to make their own decisions about school attendance; they agreed that their child should go to school if they took over-the-counter medication; or they believed that children should go to school if they have mild symptoms of illness. ConclusionTo reduce the risk of spreading disease, parents and teenagers need guidance to help them make informed decisions about engaging in activities and socialising with others while unwell.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNishat, J. F., Khan, U. S., Shovo, T.-E.-A., Ahammed, B., Rahman, M. M., Hossain, M. T.
BMJ Open, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
ObjectivesThis study was designed to identify the patterns, prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) against female adolescents and its association with mental health problems. DesignCross-sectional survey. SettingsDumuria Upazila (subdistrict) under the Khulna district of Bangladesh. ParticipantsA total of 304 participants were selected purposively based on some specifications: they must be female adolescents, residents of Dumuria Upazila and married during the COVID-19 pandemic when under 18 years of age. Outcome measuresBy administering a semi-structured interview schedule, data were collected regarding IPV using 12 five-point Likert scale items; a higher score from the summation reflects frequent violence. ResultsThe findings suggest that the prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional IPV among the 304 participants, who had an average age of 17.1 years (SD=1.42), was 89.5%, 87.8% and 93.7%, respectively, whereas 12.2% of the participants experienced severe physical IPV, 9.9% experienced severe sexual IPV and 10.5% experienced severe emotional IPV. Stepwise regression models identified age at marriage (p=0.001), number of miscarriages (p=0.005), education of spouse (p=0.001), income of spouse (p=0.016), age gap between spouses (p=0.008), marital adjustment (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndersen, C. M., Mathiesen, A. S., Pouwer, F., Mouritsen, J. D., Mathiasen, K., Rothmann, M. J.
BMJ Open, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
IntroductionDiabetes distress has been defined as \'the negative emotional or affective experience resulting from the challenge of living with the demands of diabetes\'. Diabetes distress affects 20%–25% of individuals living with diabetes and can have negative effects on both diabetes regulation and quality of life. For people living with diabetes distress, innovative tools/interventions such as online or app-based interventions may potentially alleviate diabetes distress in a cost-effective way. The specific research questions of this scoping review are: (1) what are the effects of online or app-based interventions on diabetes distress for adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and (2) what are the characteristics of these interventions (eg, type of intervention, duration, frequency, mode of delivery, underlying theories and working mechanisms)? Methods and analysisA scoping review will be conducted, using the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley along with Levac et al. Eligible studies are: studies of adults ≥18 years old with type 1 or 2 diabetes using an online or app-based intervention and assessing diabetes distress as the primary or secondary outcome. Five databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus) will be searched and is limited to articles written in English, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish or Dutch. Two reviewers will independently screen potentially eligible studies in Covidence, select studies, and together chart data, collate, summarise, and report the results. We will adhere to the Preferred reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review has been exempt from full ethical review by the Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark (case number: S-20232000-88). The results of the review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences and workshops with relevant stakeholders.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Abstract Background Since its beginnings in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic is still a problem of global medical concern. Southern Vietnam is one of the country\'s vast regions, including 20 provinces and the densely populated metropolis Ho Chi Minh City. A randomized retrospective study was performed to investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of COVID-19. Whole-genome sequencing of 126 SARS-CoV-2 samples collected from Southern Vietnam between January 2020 and December 2021 revealed the main circulating variants and their distribution. Methods Epidemiological data were obtained from the Department of Preventive Medicine of the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. To identify circulating variants, RNA, extracted from 126 nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with suspected COVID-19 were sequenced on Illunina MiSeq to obtain near complete genomes SARS-CoV-2. Results Due to the effectiveness of restrictive measures in Vietnam, it was possible to keep incidence at a low level. The partial relaxation of restrictive measures, and the spread of Delta lineages, contributed to the beginning of a logarithmic increase in incidence. Lineages 20A-H circulated in Southern Vietnam during 2020. Spread of the Delta lineage in Southern Vietnam began in March 2021, causing a logarithmic rise in the number of COVID-19 cases. Conclusions Pandemic dynamics in Southern Vietnam feature specific variations in incidence, and these reflect the success of the restrictive measures put in place during the early stages of the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Abstract Background Immunosuppressive therapies have become a cornerstone of the management of severe COVID-19. The impact of these therapies on secondary infections and antimicrobial prescribing remains unclear. We sought to assess antimicrobial use and the incidence of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with severe COVID-19, and to explore their associations with receipt of immunosuppressive therapies. Methods Our retrospective cohort study included 715 hospitalised, adult patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to St George’s Hospital, London, UK, during the first UK pandemic wave (1st March–10th June 2020). Co-infections (occurring within 48 h of admission) and secondary infections (≥ 48 h) were defined as a positive microbiological culture with supporting clinical, radiological or laboratory data to suggest true infection. Cox regression models with time-dependent covariates were used to explore the association between immunosuppressant use and secondary infection. Results Microbiologically confirmed co-infection occurred in 4.2% (n = 30) and secondary infection in 9.3% (n = 66) of the cohort (n = 715) and were associated with in-hospital mortality (48% vs 35%, OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.1–2.7, p = 0.01). Respiratory (n = 41, 39%) and bloodstream infections (n = 38, 36%) predominated, with primarily Gram-negative pathogens. 606 (84.7%) patients received an antimicrobial, amounting to 742 days of therapy per 1000 patient-days (DOTs). In multivariable models, receipt of high-dose steroids (≥ 30 mg prednisolone or equivalent) or tocilizumab was significantly associated with increased antimicrobial consumption (+ 5.5 DOTs, 95%CI 3.4–7.7 days) but not secondary infection (HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.26–1.18). Conclusions Bacterial and fungal infections in severe COVID-19 were uncommon. Receipt of steroids or tocilizumab was independently associated with antimicrobial consumption despite its lack of association with secondary infection. These findings should galvanise efforts to promote antimicrobial stewardship in patients with COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Abstract Introduction In Sofala province (Mozambique), young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) are estimated at 7% among people aged 15–24 years. Even though the COVID-19 pandemic threatened HIV health services, data on the impact of COVID-19 on YPLHIV people are lacking. This study aimed at exploring the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and associated factors among young people based on their HIV status. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including people aged 18–24 attending a visit at one of the adolescent-friendly health services in Sofala province between October and November 2022. People vaccinated against SARS-COV-2 or YPLHIV with WHO stage III-IV were excluded. A SARS-CoV-2 antibodies qualitative test and a questionnaire investigating socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were proposed. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was calculated with Clopper-Pearson method. The odds ratio (OR) of a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies test was estimated through multivariable binomial logistic regression. Results In total, 540 young people including 65.8% women and 16.7% YPLHIV participated in the survey.. The mean age was 20.2 years (SD 2.0). Almost all the sample (96.1%) reported adopting at least one preventive measure for COVID-19. The weighted seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the whole sample was 46.8% (95%CI 42.6–51.2) and 35.9% (95%CI 25.3–47.5) in YPLHIV. The adjusted OR of testing positive at the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies test was higher in students compared to workers (aOR:2.02[0.95CI 1.01–4.21]) and in those with symptoms (aOR:1.52[0.95CI 1.01–2.30]). There were no differences based on HIV status(aOR:0.663[95%CI 0.406–1.069]). Overall, COVID-19 symptoms were reported by 68 (28.2%) people with a positive serological SARS-CoV-2 test and by 7 (21.7%) YPLHIV (p = 0.527). No one required hospitalization. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 46.8% without differences in risk of infection or clinical presentation based on HIV status. This result may be influenced by the exclusion of YPLHIV with advanced disease. The higher risk among students suggests the schools’ role in spreading the virus. It’s important to continue monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on YPLHIV to better understand its effect on screening and adherence to treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJonathan Jin, Huda Al-Shamali, Lorraine Smith-MacDonald, Matthew Reeson, Wanda Polzin, Yifeng Wei, Hannah Pazderka, Peter H. Silverstone, Andrew J. Greenshaw
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
by Jonathan Jin, Huda Al-Shamali, Lorraine Smith-MacDonald, Matthew Reeson, Wanda Polzin, Yifeng Wei, Hannah Pazderka, Peter H. Silverstone, Andrew J. Greenshaw Background Difficulties in access to therapy were highlighted by COVID-19 measures restricting in-person gatherings. Additional challenges arise when focusing on caregivers of child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors in particular, which are a population that has been historically difficult to engage with due to issues of stigma and confidentiality. Objectives To present preliminary qualitative results from caregivers of CSA survivors. Methods This study was conducted with caregivers of CSA survivors. Two hybrid webinar/focus groups were conducted using a video conferencing platform in fall of 2021 with two groups of stakeholders (11 caregivers and 5 moderators/clinical staff at Little Warriors, an intensive episodic treatment facility). Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and thematically-analyzed using standard qualitative methodology. Results A total of 11 caregivers contributed to the data. Themes include: (1) Challenges of starting and maintaining treatment (i.e., emotional impact of intake day, challenges of enrolling), (2) Therapeutic benefits of specialized treatment (i.e., feeling safe and supported and the importance of trauma-informed care), and (3) Barriers and facilitators of treatment (i.e., avenues to scale-up and self-care). Conclusion The importance of a strong therapeutic alliance was highlighted by both caregivers/clinical staff and further support is needed for families post-treatment. The present hybrid webinar/focus group also achieved engagement goals in a population that is typically difficult to reach. Overall, the response rate (12%) was equivalent to reported registrant attendance rates for general business to consumer webinars and the recommended focus group size. This preliminary approach warrants replication in other populations outside our clinical context.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJaclyn Schess, Lydia Bennett-Li, Richard Velleman, Urvita Bhatia, Alexander Catalano, Abhijeet Jambhale, Abhijit Nadkarni
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
by Jaclyn Schess, Lydia Bennett-Li, Richard Velleman, Urvita Bhatia, Alexander Catalano, Abhijeet Jambhale, Abhijit Nadkarni Globally, alcohol consumption causes significant societal harm and is a leading risk factor for death and disability in adults. In India, 3.7% of all deaths and 3.1% disability adjusted life years (DALYs) can be attributed to alcohol. In the context of rapid economic development and emphasized by the COVID-19 pandemic, India’s lack of a consolidated and comprehensive alcohol policy has posed significant challenges to addressing this harm. In this context, the aim of our review was to undertake a comprehensive mapping of the State and national policy environment surrounding alcohol and its use in India, based on an analysis of policy documents. We did this though a scoping review of academic and grey literature, which helped to iteratively identify the websites of 15 international organizations, 21 Indian non-governmental organizations, and eight Indian Federal governmental organizations as well as State/Union Territory government sites, to search for relevant policy documents. We identified 19 Federal policy documents and 36 State level policy documents within which we have identified the specific policy measures which address the 10 categories of the World Health Organization’s Global Action Plan to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol. We found that there are major gaps in regulation of marketing and price controls, with much of this controlled by the States. In addition, regulation of availability of alcohol varies widely throughout the country, which is also a policy area controlled locally by States. Through the clear elucidation of the current policy environment surrounding alcohol in India, policy makers, researchers and advocates can create a clearer roadmap for future reform.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 17 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Eugenio Valdano
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPlantinga, Coen; Klompmaker, Peter; Haaksma, Mark E.; Mousa, Amne; Blok, Siebe G.; Heldeweg, Micah L.A.; Paulus, Frederique; Schultz, Marcus J.; Tuinman, Pieter R.
Critical Care Medicine, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Objectives: To assess the effect of incorporating bilateral abnormalities as detected by lung ultrasound (LUS) in the Kigali modification and the New Global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on the occurrence rate of ARDS. Design: Post hoc analysis of a previously published prospective cohort study. Setting: An academic mixed medical-surgical ICU. Patients: The original study included critically ill adults with any opacity on chest radiography in whom subsequent LUS was performed. Patients with ARDS according to the Berlin definition, COVID-19 patients and patients with major thorax trauma were excluded. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: LUS was performed within 24 hours of chest radiography and the presence of unilateral and bilateral abnormalities on LUS and chest radiograph (opacities) was scored. Subsequently, the Kigali modification and the New Global definition of ARDS were applied by two independent researchers on the patients with newly found bilateral opacities. Of 120 patients, 116 were included in this post hoc analysis. Thirty-three patients had bilateral opacities on LUS and unilateral opacities on chest radiograph. Fourteen of these patients had ARDS according to the Kigali modification and 12 had ARDS according to the New Global definition. The detected LUS patterns were significantly different between patients with and without ARDS (p = 0.004). An A-profile with a positive PosteroLateral Alveolar and/or Pleural Syndrome was most prevalent in patients without ARDS, whereas heterogeneous and mixed A, B, and C patterns were most prevalent in patients with ARDS. Conclusion: The addition of bilateral abnormalities as detected by LUS to the Kigali modification and the New Global definition increases the occurrence rate of the ARDS. The nomenclature for LUS needs to be better defined as LUS patterns differ between patients with and without ARDS. Incorporating well-defined LUS criteria can increase specificity and sensitivity of new ARDS definitions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKennalley, A. L., Fanelli, J. L., Furst, J. A., Mynarski, N. J., Jarvis, M. A., Nichols, S. D., McCall, K. L., Piper, B. J.
BMJ Open, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
ObjectivesOpioid use disorder (OUD) is a major public health concern in the USA, resulting in high rates of overdose and other negative outcomes. Methadone, an OUD treatment, has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of overdose and improving overall health and quality of life. This study analysed the distribution of methadone for the treatment of OUD across the USA over the past decade and through the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignRetrospective observational study using secondary data analysis of the Drug Enforcement Administration and Medicaid Databases. SettingUSA. ParticipantsPatients who were dispensed methadone at US opioid treatment programmes (OTPs). Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the overall pattern in methadone distribution and the number of OTPs in the USA per year. The secondary outcome was Medicaid prescriptions for methadone. ResultsMethadone distribution for OUD has expanded significantly over the past decade, with an average state increase of +96.96% from 2010 to 2020. There was a significant increase in overall distribution of methadone to OTP from 2010 to 2020 (+61.00%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Abstract Background Defining patterns of symptoms in long COVID is necessary to advance therapies for this heterogeneous condition. Here we aimed to describe clusters of symptoms in individuals with long COVID and explore the impact of the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) and vaccination on these clusters. Methods In a prospective, multi centre cohort study, individuals with symptoms persisting > 4 weeks from acute COVID-19 were divided into two groups based on timing of acute infection; pre-Alpha VOC, denoted wild type (WT) group and post-Alpha VOC (incorporating alpha and delta dominant periods) denoted VOC group. We used multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical clustering in the WT and VOC groups to identify symptom clusters. We then used logistic regression to explore factors associated with individual symptoms. Results A total of 417 individuals were included in the analysis, 268 in WT and 149 in VOC groups respectively. In both groups MCA identified three similar clusters; a musculoskeletal (MSK) cluster characterised by joint pain and myalgia, a cardiorespiratory cluster and a less symptomatic cluster. Differences in characteristic symptoms were only seen in the cardiorespiratory cluster where a decrease in the frequency of palpitations (10% vs 34% p = 0.008) and an increase in cough (63% vs 17% p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Post-COVID-19-Syndrome (PCS) frequently occurs after an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the understanding of causative mechanisms is still limited. Aim of this study was to determine the PCS rate among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive blood donors as representatives of supposedly healthy adults, who had experienced an asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease course, and to examine whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is reactivated in individuals reporting PCS. Methods The PCS rate was determined using questionnaires that included questions about infection and persistent symptoms. Pre-pandemic blood samples and samples collected at regular, pre-defined times after a SARS-CoV-2 infection were analysed for neopterin, a marker for antiviral immune responses, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, we determined the rate of SARS-CoV-2 anti-N total antibodies using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect EBV DNA and ECLIA screening for EBV viral capsid-antigen (VCA) IgM, IgG and EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA) IgG were performed. Results Our data reveal that 18% of all infections result in PCS, with symptoms lasting for up to one year. In individuals reporting PCS, no elevated levels of neopterin were detected, indicating no persisting pro-inflammatory, antiviral immune response. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were declining in all participants in comparable manner over time, pointing to a successful virus clearance. In individuals with PCS, no EBV DNA could be detected. Furthermore, no differences in EBV specific antibody levels could be shown in PCS groups compared to non-PCS groups. Conclusion Our data suggest that PCS in per se healthy, immunocompetent adults cannot be ascribed to a reactivation of EBV.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe PLOS ONE Staff
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Shuguang Zhao, Jue Zhou, Ting Wang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Shuguang Zhao, Jue Zhou, Ting Wang While conspiracy theories have received extensive attention in the realm of misinformation, there has been limited research exploring the impact of conspiracy mentality on individuals’ preventive behaviors during acute public health crises. This study investigates how conspiracy mentality may affect compliance with preventive health measures necessary to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, and the underlying emotional and cognitive mediators. Data was collected through a survey among 1878 Chinese respondents at the conclusion of the pandemic. The results indicate that individuals with higher levels of conspiracy mentality are significantly less engaged in preventive behaviors. Furthermore, this correlation is mediated by a sequence of mediating factors, starting from anger leading to institutional distrust and fear leading to perceived risk. Conspiracists’ response mode can be described as a state of \'attentive immobility,\' in which the impact of heightened institutional distrust outweighs their perceptions of risk, ultimately reducing engagement in preventive behaviors during crises. These findings underscore the importance of debunking initiatives that aim to address and mitigate the negative consequences of conspiracy mentality by targeting the mediating psychological processes during future pandemic threats.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRaya Al-Bataineh, Mohammed Al-Hammouri, Wafa’a Al-Jaraideh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Raya Al-Bataineh, Mohammed Al-Hammouri, Wafa’a Al-Jaraideh Background The catastrophe caused by the Coronavirus disease has affected all services worldwide. A range of policies were introduced to slow the virus spread, which in turn, affected the accessibility and quality of healthcare services. This was a problematic and concerning for patients with chronic diseases, such as patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), due to their sustained need for ongoing health care. The aims of the study were: 1) assessing the level of both accessibility and quality of healthcare services during the Covid-19 pandemic from the DM and CRD patients’ perspectives, 2) assessing the association between the patients’ socio-demographics and their perspectives on health services accessibility and quality, and 3) exploring the perspectives of DM and CRD patients on barriers and facilitators of health services accessibility and quality during the era of COVID -19. Method Design. A sequential explanatory mixed-method was used in this study. In the quantitative part, a self -administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 300 patients with DM and/or CRD. In the qualitative part, focus group approach was used to collect data from 25 patients.Setting. Public, private and teaching hospitals were involved.Analysis. SPSS Version 25 was used to analyze the quantitative data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results The quantitative findings indicated that almost 99% of the participating patients perceived barriers, ranging from low to high, to accessing health services during COVID-19. Additionally, more than half of the sample perceived low to moderate level of quality of health services. Four themes and nine subthemes related to barriers and facilitators were identified in the qualitative part of the study. Conclusion The study revealed that both quality and accessibility of healthcare services for DM and CRD patients were impacted during the era of COVID -19. The findings lay the ground for developing future health programs and establishing or revising policies with the goal of improving healthcare services quality and accessibility for the target population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMuhammad Abdul Rehman, Unaiza Naeem, Anooja Rani, Umm E. Salma Shabbar Banatwala, Afia Salman, Muhammad Abdullah Khalid, Areeba Ikram, Erfa Tahir
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Muhammad Abdul Rehman, Unaiza Naeem, Anooja Rani, Umm E. Salma Shabbar Banatwala, Afia Salman, Muhammad Abdullah Khalid, Areeba Ikram, Erfa Tahir Background Virtual multidisciplinary team meetings (VMDTM) provide a standard of care that is not limited by physical distance or social restrictions. And so, when the COVID-19 pandemic imposed irrefutable social restrictions and made in-person meetings impossible, many hospitals switched to the VMDTMs. Although the pandemic might have highlighted the ease of VMDTMs, these virtual meetings have existed over the past decade, albeit less in importance. Despite their recent importance, no review has previously assessed the feasibility of VMDTMs through the eyes of the participants, the barriers participants face, nor their comparison with the in-person format. We undertook this scoping review to map existing literature and assess the perspectives of VMDTM participants. Material and methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from inception till July 1st, 2023 to select studies that evaluated the perspectives of participants of VMDTMs regarding the core components that make up a VMDMT. Four authors, independently, extracted data from all included studies. Two authors separated data into major themes and sub-themes. Results We identified six core, intrinsic aspects of a VMDTM that are essential to its structure: (1) organization, (2) case discussion and decision-making, (3) teamwork and communication, (4) training and education, (5) technology, and (6) patient-related aspect. VMDTMs have a high overall satisfaction rating amongst participants. The preference, however, is for a hybrid model of multidisciplinary teams. VMDTMs offer support to isolated physicians, help address complex cases, and offer information that may not be available elsewhere. The periodical nature of VMDTMs is appropriate for their consideration as CMEs. Adequate technology is paramount to the sustenance of the format. Conclusion VMDTMs are efficient and offer a multidisciplinary consensus without geographical limitations. Despite certain technical and social limitations, VMDTM participants are highly satisfied with the format, although the preference lies with a hybrid model.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAna Castro-Avila, Catalina Merino-Osorio, Felipe González-Seguel, Agustín Camus-Molina, Felipe Muñoz-Muñoz, Jaime Leppe, on behalf of the IMPACCT COVID-19 study group
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Ana Castro-Avila, Catalina Merino-Osorio, Felipe González-Seguel, Agustín Camus-Molina, Felipe Muñoz-Muñoz, Jaime Leppe, on behalf of the IMPACCT COVID-19 study group Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as a natural experiment to test how bed occupancy affects post-intensive care unit (ICU) patient’s functional outcomes. To compare by bed occupancy the frequency of mental, physical, and cognitive impairments in patients admitted to ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Prospective cohort of adults mechanically ventilated >48 hours in 19 ICUs from seven Chilean public and private hospitals. Ninety percent of nationwide beds occupied was the cut-off for low versus high bed occupancy. At ICU discharge, 3- and 6-month follow-up, we assessed disability using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Quality of life, mental, physical, and cognitive outcomes were also evaluated following the core outcome set for acute respiratory failure. Results We enrolled 252 participants, 103 (41%) during low and 149 (59%) during high bed occupancy. Patients treated during high occupancy were younger (P50 [P25-P75]: 55 [44–63] vs 61 [51–71]; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
AbstractObjectiveTo develop next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques for Mpox viral clade and lineage analysis.MethodsMpox DNA was extracted from DCHHS patients using QIAamp DSP DNA Blood Mini Kit. The Mpox Sequencing workflow adapted Illumina’s COVIDSeq assay using hMpox primer pools from Yale School of Public Health. Sequencing steps started with amplifying cDNA amplicons, tagmentation, PCR indexing, pooling libraries, sequencing on Illumina MiSeq, analysis and report generation. The bioinformatic analysis comprised of read assembly and consensus sequence mapping to reference genomes and variant identification, and utilized pipelines including Illumina BaseSpace, NextClade, CLC Workbench, Terra.bio TheiaCov_Illumina_PE Workflow for data QC and validation.Results171 Mpox samples were sequenced using modified COVIDSeq workflow and QC metrics were assessed for sequencing read quality, depth, and coverage. Multiple analysis pipelines identified the West African Clade IIb as the only clade during peak Mpox infection from July through October 2022. Analyses also indicated lineage B.1.2 as dominant variant comprising majority of Mpox viral genomes (77.7%) implying its geographical distribution in the USA. Viral sequences were uploaded to GISAID EpiPox global database.ConclusionsWe developed NGS workflows to precisely detect and analyze Mpox viral clade and lineages and aid in genomic surveillance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Infectious Disease Modelling, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Suparinthon Anupong, Tanakorn Chantanasaro, Chaiwat Wilasang, Natcha C. Jitsuk, Chayanin Sararat, Kan Sornbundit, Busara Pattanasiri, Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Mohan Amarasiri, Sudarat Chadsuthi, Charin Modchang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBeili Wang, Wenjing Yang, Yexin Tong, Mingjun Sun, Sheng Quan, Jing Zhu, Qianwen Zhang, Zhaoyu Qin, Yanxia Ni, Ying Zhao, Kouqiong Wang, Chunyan Zhang, Yichi Zhang, Zhenxin Wang, Zhenju Song, Huafen Liu, Hao Fang, Ziqing Kong, Chen Ding, Wei Guo
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Yumin Kim, Yeongmin Kim, Hyobin Julianne Lim, Dae‐Kyum Kim, Ji‐Hwan Park, Chang‐Myung Oh
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Adam AltmejdOlof ÖstergrenEvelina BjörkegrenTorsten PerssonaSwedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, SwedenbDepartment of Finance, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm 106 91, SwedencDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, SwedendAging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, SwedeneDepartment of Economics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, SwedenfInstitute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, SwedengSuntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 46, November 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBeatriz Martinelli Menezes Gonçalves, Rossana Pulcinelli V. Franco, Agatha S. Rodrigues
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Beatriz Martinelli Menezes Gonçalves, Rossana Pulcinelli V. Franco, Agatha S. Rodrigues
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed