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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1301 emner vises.
Vardavas, C., Zisis, K., Nikitara, K., Lagou, I., Marou, V., Aslanoglou, K., Athanasakis, K., Phalkey, R., Leonardi-Bee, J., Fernandez, E., Condell, O., Lamb, F., Sandmann, F., Pharris, A., Deogan, C., Suk, J. E.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesThe economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role. DesignA systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null. Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021. Eligibility criteriaStudies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible. Data extraction and synthesisStudies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist. ResultsWe included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented. ConclusionsCOVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and societies, while interventions including testing and screening policies, vaccination and physical distancing policies were identified as those presenting cost-effective options to deal with the pandemic, dependent on population vaccination and the Re at the stage of the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKeeshan, A., Galipeau, Y., Heiskanen, A., Collins, E., McCluskie, P. S., Arnold, C., Saginur, R., Booth, R., Little, J., McGuinty, M., Buchan, C. A., Crawley, A., Langlois, M.-A., Cooper, C.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
BackgroundPredictors of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and the influence of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection require elucidation. MethodsStop the Spread Ottawa is a prospective cohort of individuals at-risk for or who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, initially enrolled for 10 months beginning October 2020. This cohort was enriched for public-facing workers. This analysis focuses on safety and immunogenicity of the initial two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. ResultsPost-vaccination data with blood specimens were available for 930 participants. 22.8% were SARS-CoV2 infected prior to the first vaccine dose. Cohort characteristics include: median age 44 (IQR: 22–56), 66.6% women, 89.0% white, 83.2% employed. 38.1% reported two or more comorbidities and 30.8% reported immune compromising condition(s). Over 95% had detectable IgG levels against the spike and receptor binding domain (RBD) 3 months post second vaccine dose. By multivariable analysis, increasing age and high-level immune compromise predicted diminishing IgG spike and RBD titres at month 3 post second dose. IgG spike and RBD titres were higher immediately post vaccination in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to first vaccination and spike titres were higher at 6 months in those with wider time intervals between dose 1 and 2. IgG spike and RBD titres and neutralisation were generally similar by sex, weight and whether receiving homogeneous or heterogeneous combinations of vaccines. Common symptoms post dose 1 vaccine included fatigue (64.7%), injection site pain (47.5%), headache (27.2%), fever/chills (26.2%) and body aches (25.3%). These symptoms were similar with subsequent doses. ConclusionThe initial two COVID-19 vaccine doses are safe, well-tolerated and highly immunogenic across a broad spectrum of vaccine recipients including those working in public facing environments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused significant economic damage and forced a slew of limitations to be placed by regulatory bodies worldwide. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus continuously mutates over time, it’s crucial to understand how well the vaccines are effective against a new variant. Objectives To measure COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against ICU admission with the Omicron variant in Saudi Arabia regions. Methods and materials A retrospective cohort study was conducted of vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals who tested positive during Omicron dominant period (Jan 1, 2020- Jun 11, 2022). We used a Cox proportional hazards model based on calendar time to assess the vaccine’s effectiveness while controlling for age and gender. Results A total of 14103 individuals who were divided into fully vaccinated included 8388 (59.5%) individuals, partially vaccinated included 1851 (13.5%) individuals, and un-vaccinated included 3864 (27.4%) individuals. Higher age was associated with a higher risk of ICU admission (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04). Three doses are associated with a lower risk of ICU admission compared to the single dose (HR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.20). By studying the distribution of Omicron infection among different regions, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah had the highest proportion at 60.23 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 57.05, 63.53). In contrast, Al-jouf had the lowest proportion at 4.51 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 2.891, 6.713). The vaccination status was significantly different in different regions, as the highest proportion of fully vaccinated participants inhabited in Tabouk region, with 71.8% of its cases. Out of all regions, Najran had the highest proportion of ICU admission among Omicron cases with 20% (95% CI: 9.94%, 34.22%). While the lowest rates existed in Riyadh with 0.86% (95%CI: 0.61%, 1.17%). Conclusion We found that a booster significantly enhanced protection against severe COVID-19. The partially vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were at significantly higher risk of ICU admission when compared to the fully vaccinated participants. Furthermore, in future, it is worth investigating the effectiveness of a booster when other potential factors (e.g., region, comorbidities, etc.) are included, particularly among future variants of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMisganu Endriyas, Belete Woldemariam, Endashaw Shibru, Mamush Hussen, Bersabeh Bedru, Mathewos Moges, Mintesinot Melka, Fiseha Lemango, Male Mate, Tesfaye Lejiso, Biruk Gebremedhin, Alemu Tolcha, Biniam Shiferaw, Girma Wondimu, Tesfatsion Terefe, Sinafikish Ayele, Tebeje Misganaw, Teka Samuel, Temesgen Kelaye, Agegnehu Gebru, Amare Assefa, Wogene Getachew, Bereket Yalew, Dereje Geleta
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
by Misganu Endriyas, Belete Woldemariam, Endashaw Shibru, Mamush Hussen, Bersabeh Bedru, Mathewos Moges, Mintesinot Melka, Fiseha Lemango, Male Mate, Tesfaye Lejiso, Biruk Gebremedhin, Alemu Tolcha, Biniam Shiferaw, Girma Wondimu, Tesfatsion Terefe, Sinafikish Ayele, Tebeje Misganaw, Teka Samuel, Temesgen Kelaye, Agegnehu Gebru, Amare Assefa, Wogene Getachew, Bereket Yalew, Dereje Geleta Background School closures in response to the COVID-19 impacted children’s education, protection, and wellbeing. After understanding these impacts and that children were not super spreaders, countries including Ethiopia decided to reopen schools with specified preconditions. But when deciding to reopen schools, the benefits and risks across education, public health and socio-economic factors have to be evaluated. However, there was information gap on status of schools as per preconditions. Hence, this study was designed to investigate status of schools in Southern Ethiopia. Methods School based cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 in Southern Ethiopia. Sample of 430 schools were included. National school reopening guideline was used to develop checklist for assessment. Data was collected by public health experts at regional emergency operation center. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize data. Results A total of 430 schools were included. More than two thirds, 298 (69.3%), of schools were from rural areas while 132 (30.7%) were from urban settings. The general infection prevention and water, sanitation and hygiene (IPC-WASH) status of schools were poor and COVID-19 specific preparations were inadequate to meet national preconditions to reopen schools during the pandemic. Total score from 24 items observed ranged from 3 to 22 points with mean score of 11.75 (SD±4.02). No school scored 100% and only 41 (9.5%) scored above 75% while 216 (50.2%%) scored below half point that is 12 items. Conclusion Both the basic and COVID-19 specific IPC-WASH status of schools were inadequate to implement national school reopening preconditions and general standards. Some of strategies planned to accommodate teaching process and preconditions maximized inequalities in education. Although COVID-19 impact lessened due to vaccination and other factors, it is rational to consider fulfilling water and basic sanitation facilities to schools to prevent communicable diseases of public health importance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristophe Bonaldi, Anne Fouillet, Cécile Sommen, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Juliette Paireau
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
by Christophe Bonaldi, Anne Fouillet, Cécile Sommen, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Juliette Paireau Background The effective reproduction number (Rt) quantifies the average number of secondary cases caused by one person with an infectious disease. Near-real-time monitoring of Rt during an outbreak is a major indicator used to monitor changes in disease transmission and assess the effectiveness of interventions. The estimation of Rt usually requires the identification of infected cases in the population, which can prove challenging with the available data, especially when asymptomatic people or with mild symptoms are not usually screened. The purpose of this study was to perform sensitivity analysis of Rt estimates for COVID-19 surveillance in France based on three data sources with different sensitivities and specificities for identifying infected cases. Methods We applied a statistical method developed by Cori et al. to estimate Rt using (1) confirmed cases identified from positive virological tests in the population, (2) suspected cases recorded by a national network of emergency departments, and (3) COVID-19 hospital admissions recorded by a national administrative system to manage hospital organization. Results Rt estimates in France from May 27, 2020, to August 12, 2022, showed similar temporal trends regardless of the dataset. Estimates based on the daily number of confirmed cases provided an earlier signal than the two other sources, with an average lag of 3 and 6 days for estimates based on emergency department visits and hospital admissions, respectively. Conclusion The COVID-19 experience confirmed that monitoring temporal changes in Rt was a key indicator to help the public health authorities control the outbreak in real time. However, gaining access to data on all infected people in the population in order to estimate Rt is not straightforward in practice. As this analysis has shown, the opportunity to use more readily available data to estimate Rt trends, provided that it is highly correlated with the spread of infection, provides a practical solution for monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and indeed any other epidemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAhmed M. Alzahrani, Ahmed Hakami, Ahmad AlHadi, Nassr Al-maflehi, Mohammed H. Aljawadi, Rawan M. Alotaibi, Muhannad M. Alzahrani, Salem Ali Alammari, Mohammed A. Batais, Turky H. Almigbal
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
by Ahmed M. Alzahrani, Ahmed Hakami, Ahmad AlHadi, Nassr Al-maflehi, Mohammed H. Aljawadi, Rawan M. Alotaibi, Muhannad M. Alzahrani, Salem Ali Alammari, Mohammed A. Batais, Turky H. Almigbal Introduction There is growing interest in Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program to combat mental distress in medical students. In Saudi Arabia, literature is insufficient about MBSR and its effectiveness. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of MBSR in improving mindful state, stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students. Also, the study explores the association between the attendance rate of MBSR sessions and its effectiveness. Lastly, the study examines gender differences in response to MBSR. Methods This is a stratified randomized controlled study of 84 medical students from two medical schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. They were recruited voluntarily from November 2018 to April 2021, and allocated to MBSR and waitlist groups using a stratified randomization method based on gender. MBSR group received eight weeks of sessions through audiovisual materials. An online survey utilizing validated questionnaires assessing stress, mindfulness, anxiety, and depression was used to evaluate both groups pre-program (time 0), post-program (time 1), and three months later (time 2). Results Seventy-one participants completed the post-test (time 1). There were no differences between study groups at time 0 and 1. However, in 41 subjects who completed the follow-up test (time 2), the anxiety dropped significantly in MBSR group (mean difference (MD), -3.935; 95% CI, -7.580 to -0.290). Furthermore, attending more MBSR sessions was inversely correlated with depression (r, -0.556; P, 0.002), and anxiety (r, -0.630; P, 0.000). Compared to their baseline, males in MBSR group improved in stress (MD, 3.08; 95% CI, 0.30 to 5.86), anxiety (MD, 4.91; 95% CI, 3.32 to 6.50), and mindfulness (MD, -0.58; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.15), while females improved in stress (MD, 2.64; 95% CI, 0.02 to 5.26). Conclusion Despite the study being interrupted by the stressful COVID-19 outbreak, the findings suggest that MBSR improved psychological outcomes when participants commit to the program.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKatarina Hedin
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
Sore throat is a common condition, and approximately 30 per 1000 inhabitants are diagnosed with tonsillitis in Swedish primary care each year. A minor proportion of these cases are admitted to the hospital due to suspicion of peritonsillar abscesses (PTA). The incidence of purulent complications from tonsillitis is less than one percent [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
On Sept 22, 2023, the UN General Assembly held the second high-level meeting on the fight against tuberculosis. In the political declaration submitted by the President of the General Assembly, member states reaffirmed their collective commitment to end tuberculosis by 2030. Although previous pledges—including those made at the first UN high-level meeting in 2018—were followed by declining incidence and mortality, progress was unacceptably slow and was abruptly reversed by the COVID-19 pandemic. A plethora of tools and interventions is available to take important steps towards tuberculosis elimination, and possible paths to a tuberculosis-free world have been mapped out many times, yet 1·6 million people worldwide are estimated to have died from the disease in 2021.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJean-Christophe Richard, Nicolas Terzi, Hodane Yonis, Fatima Chorfa, Florent Wallet, Claire Dupuis, Laurent Argaud, Bertrand Delannoy, Guillaume Thiery, Christian Pommier, Paul Abraham, Michel Muller, Florian Sigaud, Guillaume Rigault, Emilie Joffredo, Mehdi Mezidi, Bertrand Souweine, Loredana Baboi, Hassan Serrier, Muriel Rabilloud, Laurent Bitker, VT4COVID collaborators
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
In patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19-related ARDS, there was no significant difference with ULTV compared with LTV in the composite score based on mortality and ventilator-free days among patients alive at day 60. These findings do not support the systematic use of ULTV in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe C-MORE/PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoseph Hickey, Denis G. Rancourt
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
by Joseph Hickey, Denis G. Rancourt Objectives Since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have imposed policies to reduce contacts between people who are presumed to be particularly vulnerable to dying from respiratory illnesses and the rest of the population. These policies typically address vulnerable individuals concentrated in centralized care facilities and entail limiting social contacts with visitors, staff members, and other care home residents. We use a standard epidemiological model to investigate the impact of such circumstances on the predicted infectious disease attack rates, for interacting robust and vulnerable populations. Methods We implement a general susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) compartmental model with two populations: robust and vulnerable. The key model parameters are the per-individual frequencies of within-group (robust-robust and vulnerable-vulnerable) and between-group (robust-vulnerable and vulnerable-robust) infectious-susceptible contacts and the recovery times of individuals in the two groups, which can be significantly longer for vulnerable people. Results Across a large range of possible model parameters including degrees of segregation versus intermingling of vulnerable and robust individuals, we find that concentrating the most vulnerable into centralized care facilities virtually always increases the infectious disease attack rate in the vulnerable group, without significant benefit to the robust group. Conclusions Isolated care homes of vulnerable residents are predicted to be the worst possible mixing circumstances for reducing harm in epidemic or pandemic conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAngela Nuzzi, Valeria Latorre, Domenico Semisa, Barbara Scozzi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
by Angela Nuzzi, Valeria Latorre, Domenico Semisa, Barbara Scozzi Covid-19 outbreak led all organizations to reorganize their processes to prevent infection and contagion risk. All healthcare facilities, included penitentiary mental health services, had to redesign their processes to safely deliver care services. In this paper, the case of a Penitentiary Mental Health Division located in southern Italy is presented. Soft System Methodology and Business process management principles and techniques are adopted to analyse and redesign the detainees’ mental health care process. The process, characterized by direct, close and prolonged contact with patients, exposes detainees and healthcare staff to a high Covid-19 infection risk. Through document analysis, interviews with the actors involved in the process and direct observation, the process’s inefficiencies and criticalities are identified. The process is redesigned to make it compliant with Covid-19 prevention provisions and national penitentiary regulations and address the other criticalities. The proposed methodological approach–which innovatively combines Soft System Methodology and Business Process Management–constitutes a human-centered process-based redesign approach that can be used both in healthcare and other organizational settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYingji Chen, Pingyang Han, Yunjie Gao, Ruifeng Jiang, Mei Tao, Ximin Li
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
by Yingji Chen, Pingyang Han, Yunjie Gao, Ruifeng Jiang, Mei Tao, Ximin Li Background COVID-19 and influenza A can cause severe respiratory illness. Differentiating between the two diseases and identifying critically ill patients in times of epidemics become a challenge for frontline medical staff. We sought to investigate whether both diseases and their severity could be recognized by routine blood parameters. Methods Our retrospective study analysed the clinical data and first-time routine blood parameters of 80 influenza A patients and 123 COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients were divided into three groups according to treatment modalities and outcomes: outpatient group, inpatient without invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) group, and inpatient with IMV group. We used the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests to analyze the differences in routine blood parameters between the two or three groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. Results Compared with outpatient influenza A patients, outpatient COVID-19 patients had a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (6.63 vs 3.55). ROC analysis showed that the NLR had a high diagnostic value for differentiating COVID-19 from influenza A (AUC = 0.739). The best cut-off point of the NLR was 6.48, the diagnostic sensitivity was 0.523, and the specificity was 0.925. The median platelet (PLT) count in the different COVID-19 groups was as follows: outpatient group (189×109/L), inpatient without IMV group (161×109/L), and inpatient with IMV group (94×109/L). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found a significant association between PLT and treatment modality and outcome in COVID-19 patients (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJane Agergaard, Jesper Damsgaard Gunst, Berit Schiøttz-Christensen, Lars Østergaard, Christian Wejse
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
More than three years after the first COVID-19 cases, several patients suffer from post-infectious health effects called long COVID [1, 2]. These sequelae have been defined as symptoms persisting more than 3 months after initial COVID-19 [3]. Fatigue, concentration difficulties, shortness of breath, and myalgia are among the numerous symptoms associated with long COVID [1, 4, 5]. It was early documented, that Omicron infection resulted in a milder acute course compared to previous variants [6], and understanding the risk and the characteristics of long COVID symptoms following changing variants has been of great interest for planning prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBishop, J., Quilliam, C., Wong Shee, A.
BMJ Open, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the intention of health professionals to use evidence generated through an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) activity undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic to answer a time-critical research question about the delivery of community-based group programmes to rural clients via virtual technology, and describe the participating health professionals and researchers’ perceptions of the iKT partnership. DesignMultimethod study incorporating qualitative and quantitative approaches. SettingTwo regional health services in Victoria (Australia). Participants26 allied health professionals (knowledge-partners) from eight disciplines across two regional health services and eight researchers from five Victorian universities. InterventionAn iKT approach was used to facilitate problem identification, evidence synthesis and adaption of evidence to the local context. Data collection and analysisParticipants were invited to complete a survey (knowledge-partners) and undertake a semistructured interview (knowledge-partners and researchers) on their experiences. A process log of collaborative activities tracked the type of engagement activities, who attended and the outcomes. The survey and process log results were analysed descriptively, the interviews using thematic analysis and a comparison of results approach applied to evaluate similarities and differences in the perception of the partnership from separate data collection and analysis processes. ResultsThe survey indicated strong positive attitudes towards using research evidence in practice as well as strong intentions to use it in the future by knowledge-partners. Knowledge-partners indicated that their expertise was used in the research process, although there was greater collaboration in some steps of iKT. The context of COVID-19 facilitated collaboration between knowledge-partners and researchers through a sense of urgency and shared purpose. Rapid team development was a key mechanism that enabled iKT. Team participation was necessarily pragmatic and flexible in nature to facilitate knowledge-partner involvement. Participants suggested the iKT process was likely to result in greater end-user buy in and a powerful example of how to upskill health professionals without a significant impact on their day-to-day workload. This project was considered by knowledge-partners to be more likely to have an impact compared with other projects without a research partner. ConclusionsThis study highlights how researchers and knowledge-partners can work effectively and rapidly to address a time-sensitive problem of mutual interest. Establishing and nurturing rural-based researcher and knowledge-partner networks is key to enabling agile and timely responses to the changing evidence needs of the health system.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLovett, R., Filec, S., Bonham, M., Yoshino Benavente, J., O'Conor, R., Russell, A., Zheng, P., Wismer, G., Yoon, E., Weiner-Light, S., Vogeley, A., Morrissey Kwasny, M., Lowe, S., Curtis, L. M., Federman, A., Bailey, S. C., Wolf, M.
BMJ Open, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
IntroductionCOVID-19 is an unprecedented public health threat in modern times, especially for older adults or those with chronic illness. Beyond the threat of infection, the pandemic may also have longer-term impacts on mental and physical health. The COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions (‘C3’) study offers a unique opportunity to assess psychosocial and health/healthcare trajectories over 5 years among a diverse cohort of adults with comorbidities well-characterised from before the pandemic, at its onset, through multiple surges, vaccine rollouts and through the gradual easing of restrictions as society slowly returns to ‘normal’. Methods and analysisThe C3 study is an extension of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of ‘high-risk’ adults (aged 23–88 at baseline) with one or more chronic medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five active studies with uniform data collection prior to COVID-19 were leveraged to establish the C3 cohort; 673 adults in Chicago were interviewed during the first week of the outbreak. The C3 cohort has since expanded to include 1044 participants across eight survey waves (T1–T8). Four additional survey waves (T9–T12) will be conducted via telephone interviews spaced 1 year apart and supplemented by electronic health record and pharmacy fill data, for a total of 5 years of data post pandemic onset. Measurement will include COVID-19-related attitudes/behaviours, mental health, social behaviour, lifestyle/health behaviours, healthcare use, chronic disease self-management and health outcomes. Mental health trajectories and associations with health behaviours/outcomes will be examined in a series of latent group and mixed effects modelling, while also examining mediating and moderating factors. Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (STU00215360). Results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be provided to the funders of the study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRamesh, R. M., Oswald, W. E., Israel, G. J., Aruldas, K., Galagan, S., Legge, H., Puthupalayam Kaliappan, S., Walson, J., Halliday, K. E., Ajjampur, S. S. R.
BMJ Open, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
ObjectivesWith increasing mobile phone subscriptions, phone-based surveys are gaining popularity with public health programmes. Despite advantages, systematic exclusion of participants may limit representativeness. Similar to control programmes for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), the DeWorm3 trial of biannual community-wide mass drug administration (MDA) for elimination of soil-transmitted helminth infection used in-person coverage evaluation surveys to measure the proportion of the at-risk population treated during MDA. Due to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, a phone-based coverage evaluation survey was necessary, providing an opportunity for the current study to compare representativeness and implementation (including non-response) of these two survey modes. DesignComparison of two cross-sectional surveys. SettingThe DeWorm3 trial site in Tamil Nadu, India, includes Timiri, a rural subsite, and Jawadhu Hills, a hilly, hard-to-reach subsite inhabited predominantly by a tribal population. ParticipantsIn the phone-based and in-person coverage evaluation surveys, all individuals residing in 2000 randomly selected households (50 in each of the 40 trial clusters) were eligible to participate. Here, we characterise household participation. ResultsOf 2000 households, 1780 (89.0%) participated during the in-person survey. Of 2000 households selected for the phone survey, 346 (17.3%) could not be contacted as they had not provided a telephone number during the census and 1144 (57.2%) participated. Smaller households, households with lower socioeconomic status and those with older, women or less educated household-heads were under-represented in the phone-based survey compared with censused households. Regression analysis revealed non-response in the phone-based survey was higher among households from the poorest socioeconomic quintile (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.3, 95% CI 2.0 to 2.7) and lower when heads of households had completed secondary school or higher education (PR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8). ConclusionsOur findings suggest phone-based surveys under-represent households likely to be at higher risk of NTDs and in-person surveys are more appropriate for measuring MDA coverage within programmatic settings. Trial registration numberNCT03014167.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFortuna, D., Caselli, L., Berti, E., Moro, M. L.
BMJ Open, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
ObjectivesWe aimed to provide a region-wide comprehensive account of the direct effects of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients, in terms of disease incidence, severity and mortality, over a 2-year pandemic period (2020–2021). DesignPopulation-based retrospective study. Setting/participantsAdult patients, affected by at least 1 of 32 prevalent chronic conditions, residing in the Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy, during the years 2020 (N=1 791 189, 47.7% of the overall adult regional population) and 2021 (N=1 801 071, 47.8%). ResultsCOVID-19 incidence among chronic disease patients was 4.1% (74 067 cases) in 2020 and 7.3% (126 556 cases) in 2021, varying across pathologies, with obesity and dementia showing the highest incidence. Hospitalisation rate for pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients was 15.4%. COVID-19-related excess mortality, that is, deaths from COVID-19 as either main or contributing (1.5% of the total) cause of death, was observed during the three pandemic waves, with observed/expected death ratios ranging from +38% (March 2020) to +11% (December 2021). Increased risks of both COVID-19-related hospitalisation and death were associated with male gender, elderly age and many pre-existing pathologies, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and metabolic dysfunctions. The higher the number of concomitant pathologies, the greater the risk of COVID-19-related adverse outcomes: the likelihood of hospitalisation and death more than doubled for people with more than two comorbidities, compared with those with one underlying condition. ConclusionsThis study presents a thorough and up-to-date quantification of the direct impact of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients. The results obtained are particularly relevant considering that people with pre-existing chronic conditions accounted for almost all cases of COVID-19-related hospitalisation (82.6%) and death (91.5%) in a vast region of Italy, among the hardest hit by the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 29.10.2023
Tilføjet 29.10.2023
Abstract Purpose We aimed to assess IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG) in vaccinated mothers and their infants at delivery and 2–3 months of age. Methods We conducted a prospective study on mothers who received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BNT162b2, Moderna mRNA-1273, or Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S) during pregnancy and on their infants. The baseline was at the time of delivery (n = 93), and the end of follow-up was 2 to 3 months post-partum (n = 53). Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers and ACE2 binding inhibition levels were quantified by immunoassays. Results Mothers and infants had high anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers against the B.1 lineage at birth. However, while antibody titers were maintained at 2–3 months post-partum in mothers, they decreased significantly in infants (p 0.8, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIdham Jaya Ganda, Try Kartika Eka Putri, Syarifuddin Rauf, Amiruddin Laompo, Ninny Meutia Pelupessy, Sitti Aizah Lawang, Nadirah Rasyid Ridha, Bahrul Fikri, Muhammad Nasrum Massi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
by Idham Jaya Ganda, Try Kartika Eka Putri, Syarifuddin Rauf, Amiruddin Laompo, Ninny Meutia Pelupessy, Sitti Aizah Lawang, Nadirah Rasyid Ridha, Bahrul Fikri, Muhammad Nasrum Massi Introduction Dysregulated immune responses are developed in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are reflecting the severity of the clinical presentation. This study aimed to analyze IL-6 serum level, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as risk factors for mortality in children with COVID-19. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted on children with COVID-19 infection confirmed by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) who were admitted to infection center at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from September 2021 to September 2022. Subjects were selected using the consecutive sampling method. Results A total of 2,060 COVID-19 RT-PCR tests were performed, and 1,065 children were confirmed positive. There were 291 cases that met the inclusion criteria, with 28.52 percent non-survives and 71.48% survives. The risk factors for mortality were IL-6, ARDS, AKI, Prothrombin Time / Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PT/aPTT), oxygen saturation, Absolut lymphocyte count (ALC), leukocytes, Length of Stay (LOS), and nutritional status (p80.97 pg/ml with 93% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Area Under Curve was 0.981 (95% CI), 0.960–1.000). A multivariate analysis showed IL-6 levels with OR 18.570 (95% CI 5.320–64.803), ARDS with Odds Ratio (OR) 10.177, (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.310–9.040), and AKI with OR 3.220 (95% CI 1.070–10.362). A combination of increased IL-6, ARDS, and AKI can predict a mortality probability as high as 98.3%. Conclusion IL-6, ARDS, and AKI are risk factors for mortality in children with COVID-19. IL-6 level was the highest mortality risk factor.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBryan McCann, Simon C. Hunter, Kareena McAloney-Kocaman, Paul McCarthy, Jan Smith, Eileen Calveley
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
by Bryan McCann, Simon C. Hunter, Kareena McAloney-Kocaman, Paul McCarthy, Jan Smith, Eileen Calveley The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic had wide-ranging negative impacts on mental health. The pandemic also placed extraordinary strain on frontline workers who were required to continue working and putting themselves at risk to provide essential services at a time when their normal support mechanisms may not have been available. This paper presents an evaluation of the Time for You service, a rapidly developed and implemented intervention aimed at providing frontline workers with quick access to flexible online mental health support. Time for You provided service users with three service options: self-guided online cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) resources; guided engagement with online CBT resources; 1–1 psychological therapy with trainee sport and exercise psychologists and trainee health psychologists. A process evaluation informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research considered service fidelity, adaptations, perceived impact, reach, barriers, and facilitators. Interviews with project managers (n = 5), delivery staff (n = 10), and service users (n = 14) explored perceptions of the service implementation and outcomes, supported by data regarding engagement with the online CBT platform (n = 217). Findings indicated that service users valued the flexibility of the service and the speed with which they were able to access support. The support offered by Trainee Psychologists was perceived to be of high quality, and the service was perceived by service users to have improved mental health and wellbeing. The rapid implementation contributed to issues regarding appropriate service user screening that led to trainee psychologists being unable to provide the service users with the support they needed as the presenting issues were outside of trainees’ competencies. Overall, the findings suggest that interventions offering flexible, online psychological support to frontline workers can be an effective model for future interventions. Trainee psychologists are also able to play an important role in delivering such services when clear screening processes are in place.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLouis Banda, Antonia Ho, Stephen Kasenda, Jonathan M Read, Chris Jewell, Alison Price, Estelle McLean, Albert Dube, David Chaima, Lyson Samikwa, Tonney S Nyirenda, Ellen C Hughes, Brian J Willett, Annie Chauma Mwale, Abena S Amoah, Amelia Crampin
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
Malawi, one of the lowest income countries in Africa [1], has experienced four waves of COVID-19 in the first two years of the pandemic; June-August 2020 (wave 1, likely ancestral), December 2020-April 2021 (wave 2, Beta) June-September 2021 (wave 3, Delta) and December 2021-January 2022 (wave 4, Omicron BA.1/2; Figure 1) [2]. Due to limited SARS-CoV-2 testing [3] and surveillance, in addition to a high proportion of asymptomatic infections, the number of confirmed cases likely substantially underestimates the true burden of COVID-19 in Malawi, even more so than in other settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
The Original Investigation titled “Effect of Fluvoxamine vs Placebo on Time to Sustained Recovery in Outpatients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” published on January 12, 2023, was corrected to fix the description of how the medications were distributed and the name of the manufacturer. In the Methods section, under the Interventions subsection, the first sentence should have been “Participants received a 10-day supply of either fluvoxamine or placebo matching fluvoxamine in bottles provided by the manufacturer (Apotex) via direct home delivery from a central pharmacy.” This article was corrected online.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
More than 3% of US adults had post–COVID-19 condition, or long COVID, at the time of a 2022 National Health Interview Survey, and about 7% reported ever having had the condition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently announced. A similar trend held for children, with 0.5% having long COVID at the time of the survey and 1.3% ever having had the condition.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
In this Viewpoint, the authors summarize the therapeutic landscape for COVID-19, discuss who is most likely to benefit from treatment, provide an update on managing illness in immunocompromised individuals, and highlight how to improve COVID-19 treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
This Viewpoint addresses the state of COVID-19 as of fall 2023 in the US and summarizes key clinical information for health care professionals and patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGharaibeh, L., Alameri, M. A., Al-Kabariti, A. Y., Alsa'd, A. A., Abed, A., Karameh, N., Aldeeb, I. D.
BMJ Open, 27.10.2023
Tilføjet 27.10.2023
ObjectivesOnline purchasing, including drugs, increased dramatically in the last decade especially through the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and attitudes of consumers concerning online drug purchasing and assess their perceptions regarding the benefits and disadvantages. DesignA web-based survey conducted through a self-administered questionnaire that was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) committee, ethical approval number: IRB/Al-Ahliyya Amman University/3/13/2021-2022. Cronbach’s alpha for the attributes of benefits and disadvantages was 0.608 and 0.744, respectively. Primary outcome measures were extent of trust of the public in online drug purchasing using Likert scale. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess predictors of the trust score. SettingsHashemite Kingdom of Jordan. ParticipantsInclusion criteria; residents of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 18 years or older. The questionnaire was distributed through snowball effect via different social media. ResultsA total of 428 participants filled the questionnaire, their average age was 29.7±11.2. Almost all participants, 419 (98.6%) use the internet daily but only 79 (18.6%) participants shop online regularly. Fifty participants (11.8%) purchased drugs online and they had higher benefits score of online purchasing compared with those who did not buy drugs online, 12.5±3.7 and 10.9±3.1, respectively, p=0.002. Participant who purchased drugs online had an increase in trust score of 0.847 compared with those who did not purchase drugs online, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.10.2023
Tilføjet 27.10.2023
Abstract Background Infectious disease computational modeling studies have been widely published during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet they have limited reproducibility. Developed through an iterative testing process with multiple reviewers, the Infectious Disease Modeling Reproducibility Checklist (IDMRC) enumerates the minimal elements necessary to support reproducible infectious disease computational modeling publications. The primary objective of this study was to assess the reliability of the IDMRC and to identify which reproducibility elements were unreported in a sample of COVID-19 computational modeling publications. Methods Four reviewers used the IDMRC to assess 46 preprint and peer reviewed COVID-19 modeling studies published between March 13th, 2020, and July 30th, 2020. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated by mean percent agreement and Fleiss’ kappa coefficients (κ). Papers were ranked based on the average number of reported reproducibility elements, and average proportion of papers that reported each checklist item were tabulated. Results Questions related to the computational environment (mean κ = 0.90, range = 0.90–0.90), analytical software (mean κ = 0.74, range = 0.68–0.82), model description (mean κ = 0.71, range = 0.58–0.84), model implementation (mean κ = 0.68, range = 0.39–0.86), and experimental protocol (mean κ = 0.63, range = 0.58–0.69) had moderate or greater (κ > 0.41) inter-rater reliability. Questions related to data had the lowest values (mean κ = 0.37, range = 0.23–0.59). Reviewers ranked similar papers in the upper and lower quartiles based on the proportion of reproducibility elements each paper reported. While over 70% of the publications provided data used in their models, less than 30% provided the model implementation. Conclusions: The IDMRC is the first comprehensive, quality-assessed tool for guiding researchers in reporting reproducible infectious disease computational modeling studies. The inter-rater reliability assessment found that most scores were characterized by moderate or greater agreement. These results suggest that the IDMRC might be used to provide reliable assessments of the potential for reproducibility of published infectious disease modeling publications. Results of this evaluation identified opportunities for improvement to the model implementation and data questions that can further improve the reliability of the checklist.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.10.2023
Tilføjet 27.10.2023
Abstract Objective We aimed to compare the adaptive immune response in individuals with or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infections following the administration of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Methods A total of 54 participants with ages ranging from 37 to 56 years old, consisting of 23 individuals without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (uninfected group) and 31 individuals with prior infection of SARS-CoV-2 (infected group) who have received two doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were enrolled in this study. We measured the IFN-γ level upon administration of BNT162b2 (PF) or mRNA-1273 (MO) by QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2. The production of neutralizing antibodies was evaluated by a surrogate virus neutralization assay, and the neutralizing capacity was assessed by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). The immune response was compared between the two groups. Results A significantly higher level of IFN-γ (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 26.10.2023
Tilføjet 26.10.2023
AbstractEvaluating 100 adult COVID-19 patients from a Madrid hospital, we identified a mismatch between current clinical trial designs and the evolving profile of hospitalized patients. Most patients were ineligible for existing trials due to trial design constraints, suggesting a need to rethink trial criteria for a more accurate representation of the hospitalized COVID-19 population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 26.10.2023
Tilføjet 26.10.2023
AbstractBackgroundNumerous prognostic scores have been published to support risk stratification for patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsWe performed a systematic review to identify the scores for confirmed or clinically assumed COVID-19 cases. An in-depth assessment and risk of bias (ROB) analysis (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST)) was conducted for scores fulfilling predefined criteria ((I) area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.75; (II) a separate validation cohort present; (III) training data from a multicenter setting (≥ 2 centers); (IV) point-scale scoring system).ResultsOut of 1,522 studies extracted from MEDLINE/Web of Science (20/02/2023), we identified 242 scores for COVID-19 outcome prognosis (mortality 109, severity 116, hospitalization 14, long-term sequelae 3). Most scores were developed using retrospective (75.2%) or single-center (57.1%) cohorts. Predictor analysis revealed the primary use of laboratory data and sociodemographic information in mortality and severity scores. Forty-nine scores were included in the in-depth analysis. The results indicated heterogeneous quality and predictor selection, with only five scores featuring low ROB. Among those, based on the number and heterogeneity of validation studies, only the 4C Mortality Score can be recommended for clinical application so far.ConclusionThe application and translation of most existing COVID scores appear unreliable. Guided development and predictor selection would have improved the generalizability of the scores and may enhance pandemic preparedness in the future.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 26.10.2023
Tilføjet 26.10.2023
Benoît Misset, Michael Piagnerelli, Eric Hoste, Nadia Dardenne, David Grimaldi, Isabelle Michaux, Elisabeth De Waele, Alexander Dumoulin, Philippe G. Jorens, Emmanuel van der Hauwaert, Frédéric Vallot, Stoffel Lamote, Walter Swinnen, Nicolas De Schryver, Vincent Fraipont, Nathalie de Mey, Nicolas Dauby, Nathalie Layios, Jean-Baptiste Mesland, Geert Meyfroidt, Michel Moutschen, Veerle Compernolle, André Gothot, Daniel Desmecht, Maria I. Taveira da Silva Pereira, Mutien Garigliany, Tome Najdovski, Axelle Bertrand, Anne-Françoise Donneau, Pierre-François Laterre
New England Journal of Medicine, 26.10.2023
Tilføjet 26.10.2023
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 389, Issue 17, Page 1590-1600, October 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNew England Journal of Medicine, 26.10.2023
Tilføjet 26.10.2023
Ning‐Yi Hsia, Alan Y. Hsu, Yu‐Hsun Wang, Jing‐Xing Li, Huan‐Sheng Chen, James Cheng‐Chung Wei, Chun‐Ju Lin, Yi‐Yu Tsai
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.10.2023
Tilføjet 26.10.2023
Toal, Connor M.; Fowler, Alexander J.; Patel, Brijesh V.; Puthucheary, Zudin; Prowle, John R.
Critical Care Explorations, 26.10.2023
Tilføjet 26.10.2023
IMPORTANCE: Most studies on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) group patients by severity based on their initial degree of hypoxemia. However, this grouping has limitations, including inconsistent hypoxemia trajectories and outcomes. OBJECTIVES: This study explores the benefits of grouping patients by resolver status based on their hypoxemia progression over the first 7 days. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is an observational study from a large single-center database. Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV and MIMIC Chest X-ray JPEG databases were used. Mechanically ventilated patients that met the Berlin ARDS criteria were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the proportion of hypoxemia resolvers vs. nonresolvers in non-COVID-19 ARDS patients. Nonresolvers were defined as those whose hypoxemia worsened or remained moderate or severe over the first 7 days. Secondary outcomes included baseline admission characteristics, initial blood gases and ventilation settings, length of invasive mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, and ICU survival rates across resolver groups. RESULTS: A total of 894 ICU admissions were included in the study. Of these, 33.9% were hypoxemia nonresolvers. The resolver groups showed no significant difference in age, body mass index, comorbidities, or Charlson score. There was no significant difference in the percentage of those with initial severe hypoxemia between the two groups (8.1% vs. 9.2%; p = 0.126). The initial Pao2/Fio2 ratio did not significantly increase the odds ratio (OR) of being a nonresolver (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.65–1.10). Nonresolver mortality was 61.4%, comparable to the survival rates seen in nonresolvers in a previous large COVID-19 ARDS study. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our study shows that resolver status is a valuable grouping in ARDS. It has significant advantages over grouping by initial degree of hypoxemia, including better mapping of trajectory and comparable outcomes across other studies. While it may offer insights into disease-specific associations, future studies should include resolver status analysis for more definitive conclusions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYiyuan Xu, Tian Xu, Shaoting Chen, Huakang Yao, Yuxiang Chen, Yanfen Zeng, Falin Chen, Guanbin Zhang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.10.2023
Tilføjet 26.10.2023
by Yiyuan Xu, Tian Xu, Shaoting Chen, Huakang Yao, Yuxiang Chen, Yanfen Zeng, Falin Chen, Guanbin Zhang The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swept the world and poses a serious threat to human health. In the post-pandemic-era, we must remain vigilant against the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. More accurate and convenient detection methods are required for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 due to its prolonged existence. In this study, the application value of a novel lyophilized-pellet-based 2019-nCoV nucleic acid diagnostic kit (PCoV-Kit) was evaluated by comparing it with a conventional liquid diagnostic kit (LCoV-Kit). We assessed the sensitivity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and amplification efficiency of PCoV-Kit and LCoV-Kit using diluted SARS-CoV-2 RNA reference materials. The results showed that both kits had high sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and specificity. A total of 2,033 oropharyngeal swab specimens collected during mass screening in Fuzhou in December 2022 were applied for the consistency analysis of the two reagents. In the detection of clinical oropharyngeal swab specimens, although the positive rate of PCoV-Kit (19.28%) was slightly lower than that of LCoV-Kit (20.86%), statistical analysis demonstrated a high degree of consistency between the test results obtained using both kit (χ2 = 1.57, P>0.05; Kappa coefficient = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.88–0.93). In conclusion, the use of lyophilized PCoV-Kit provides a non-inferior assay for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 26.10.2023
Tilføjet 26.10.2023
Abstract Background With Norwegian national registry data, we assessed the prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms at least 3 months after confirmed infection, and whether sociodemographic factors and pre-pandemic health problems were risk factors for these symptoms. Methods All persons with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test from February 2020 to February 2021 (exposed) were compared to a group without a positive test (unexposed) matched on age, sex, and country of origin. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for 18 outcome symptoms commonly described as post-COVID-19 related, registered by GPs. We compared relative risks (RR) for fatigue, memory disturbance, or shortness of breath among exposed and unexposed using Poisson regression models, assessing sex, age, education, country of origin, and pre-pandemic presence of the same symptom and comorbidity as possible risk factors, with additional analyses to assess hospitalisation for COVID-19 as a risk factor among exposed. Results The exposed group (N = 53 846) had a higher prevalence of most outcome symptoms compared to the unexposed (N = 485 757), with the highest risk for shortness of breath (HR 2.75; 95%CI 2.59–2.93), fatigue (2.08; 2.00-2.16) and memory disturbance (1.41;1.26–1.59). High HRs were also found for disturbance of smell/taste and hair loss, but frequencies were low. Concerning risk factors, sociodemographic factors were at large similarly associated with outcome symptoms in both groups. Registration of the outcome symptom before the pandemic increased the risk for fatigue, memory disturbance and shortness of breath after COVID-19, but these associations were weaker among exposed. Comorbidity was not associated with fatigue and shortness of breath in the COVID-19 group. For memory disturbance, the RR was slightly increased with the higher comorbidity score both among exposed and unexposed. Conclusion COVID-19 was associated with a range of symptoms lasting more than three months after the infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 25.10.2023
Tilføjet 25.10.2023
AbstractMost COVID-19 patients requiring ICU care develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterised by severe hypoxemia, decreased lung compliance, and high vascular permeability. Activation of the complement system is a hallmark of moderate and severe COVID-19, with abundant deposition of complement proteins reported in inflamed tissue and on the endothelium during COVID-19. Using a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection we assessed the therapeutic utility of an inhibitory antibody (HG4) targeting the lectin pathway key enzyme MASP-2. Treatment of infected mice with HG4 reduced the disease severity score and improved survival compared to mice that received an isotype control antibody. Administration of HG4 significantly reduced the lung injury score including alveolar inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar oedema and alveolar haemorrhage. The overall ameliorating effect of MASP-2 inhibition on the severity of COVID-19 pathology is reflected by a significant reduction in the pro-inflammatory activation of brain microglia in HG4 treated mice.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 25.10.2023
Tilføjet 25.10.2023
AbstractBackgroundTo investigate evidence of residual viral infection, intrathecal immune activation, central nervous system (CNS) injury, and humoral responses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with or without neurocognitive post-COVID condition (PCC).MethodsThirty-one participants (25 with neurocognitive PCC) underwent clinical examination, lumbar puncture, and venipuncture ≥3 months after COVID-19 symptom onset. Healthy volunteers were included. CSF and plasma severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid and spike antigen (N-Ag, S-Ag), and CSF biomarkers of immune activation and neuronal injury were analyzed.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 N-Ag or S-Ag were undetectable in all samples and no participant had pleocytosis. We detected no significant differences in CSF and plasma cytokine concentrations, albumin ratio, IgG index, neopterin, β2M, or in CSF biomarkers of neuronal injury and astrocytic damage. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA1) analysis did not indicate any significant differences between the study groups in the marker sets cytokines, neuronal markers, or anti-cytokine autoantibodies.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of ongoing viral replication, immune activation, or CNS injury in plasma or CSF in patients with neurocognitive PCC compared with COVID-19 controls or healthy volunteers, suggesting that neurocognitive PCC is a consequence of events suffered during acute COVID-19 rather than persistent viral CNS infection or residual CNS inflammation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.10.2023
Tilføjet 25.10.2023
Abstract Background Randomized clinical trials in non-critically ill COVID-19 patients showed that therapeutic-dose heparin increased survival with reduced organ support as compared with usual-care thromboprophylaxis, albeit with increased bleeding risk. The purpose of the study is to assess the safety of intermediate dose enoxaparin in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Methods A phase II single-arm interventional prospective study including patients receiving intermediate dose enoxaparin once daily according to body weight: 60 mg for 45–60 kg, 80 mg for 61–100 kg or 100 mg for > 100 kg for 14 days, with dose adjustment according to anti-factor Xa activity (target range: 0.4–0.6 UI/ml); an observational cohort (OC) included patients receiving enoxaparin 40 mg day for comparison. Follow-up was 90 days. Primary outcome was major bleeding within 30 and 90 days after treatment onset. Secondary outcome was the composite of all-cause 30 and 90-day mortality rates, disease severity at the end of treatment, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of ICU stay, length of hospitalization. All outcomes were adjudicated by an independent committee and analyzed before and after propensity score matching (PSm). Results Major bleeding was similar in IC (1/98 1.02%) and in the OC (none), with only one event observed in a patient receiving concomitantly anti-platelet therapy. The composite outcome was observed in 53/98 patients (54%) in the IC and 132/203 (65%) patients in the OC (p = 0.07) before PSm, while it was observed in 50/90 patients (55.6%) in the IC and in 56/90 patients (62.2%) in the OC after PSm (p = 0.45). Length of hospitalization was lower in the IC than in OC [median 13 (IQR 8–16) vs 14 (11–21) days, p = 0.001], however it lost statistical significance after PSm (p = 0.08). At 30 days, two patients had venous thrombosis and two pulmonary embolism in the OC. Time to first negative RT-PCR were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Weight adjusted intermediate dose heparin with anti-FXa monitoring is safe with potential positive impact on clinical course in COVID-19 non-critically ill patients. Trial registration The study INHIXACOVID19 was registred on ClinicalTrials.gov with the trial registration number (TRN) NCT04427098 on 11/06/2020.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.10.2023
Tilføjet 25.10.2023
Abstract Background Randomized clinical trials in non-critically ill COVID-19 patients showed that therapeutic-dose heparin increased survival with reduced organ support as compared with usual-care thromboprophylaxis, albeit with increased bleeding risk. The purpose of the study is to assess the safety of intermediate dose enoxaparin in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Methods A phase II single-arm interventional prospective study including patients receiving intermediate dose enoxaparin once daily according to body weight: 60 mg for 45–60 kg, 80 mg for 61–100 kg or 100 mg for > 100 kg for 14 days, with dose adjustment according to anti-factor Xa activity (target range: 0.4–0.6 UI/ml); an observational cohort (OC) included patients receiving enoxaparin 40 mg day for comparison. Follow-up was 90 days. Primary outcome was major bleeding within 30 and 90 days after treatment onset. Secondary outcome was the composite of all-cause 30 and 90-day mortality rates, disease severity at the end of treatment, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of ICU stay, length of hospitalization. All outcomes were adjudicated by an independent committee and analyzed before and after propensity score matching (PSm). Results Major bleeding was similar in IC (1/98 1.02%) and in the OC (none), with only one event observed in a patient receiving concomitantly anti-platelet therapy. The composite outcome was observed in 53/98 patients (54%) in the IC and 132/203 (65%) patients in the OC (p = 0.07) before PSm, while it was observed in 50/90 patients (55.6%) in the IC and in 56/90 patients (62.2%) in the OC after PSm (p = 0.45). Length of hospitalization was lower in the IC than in OC [median 13 (IQR 8–16) vs 14 (11–21) days, p = 0.001], however it lost statistical significance after PSm (p = 0.08). At 30 days, two patients had venous thrombosis and two pulmonary embolism in the OC. Time to first negative RT-PCR were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Weight adjusted intermediate dose heparin with anti-FXa monitoring is safe with potential positive impact on clinical course in COVID-19 non-critically ill patients. Trial registration The study INHIXACOVID19 was registred on ClinicalTrials.gov with the trial registration number (TRN) NCT04427098 on 11/06/2020.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.10.2023
Tilføjet 25.10.2023
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in South Korea during the 2019–2020 seasonal influenza epidemic. The social distancing measures, as effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), adopted to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 might have influenced influenza activity. We evaluated IFV(influenza virus) activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of NPI intensity on influenza transmission. Methods IFV activity and epidemic duration during COVID-19 pandemic were predicted under a counterfactual scenario with no NPIs against COVID-19. The Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model was used to quantify the effects of NPIs on the transmission of influenza virus. Influenza-like illness/1000 outpatients and IFV positivity rate from the 2011–2012 to 2021–2022 seasons were used in this study. Results Comparison of the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 seasonal influenza activities with those in 2013–2019 showed that COVID-19 outbreaks and associated NPIs such as face mask use, school closures, and travel restrictions reduced the influenza incidence by 91%. Without NPIs against COVID-19, the rates of influenza-like illness and IFV positivity would have been high during the influenza epidemic season, as in previous seasons. NPI intensity decreased the transmission of influenza; the magnitude of the reduction increased as the intensity of social-distancing measures increased (weak social distancing; step-by-step daily recovery: 58.10%, strong social distancing; special quarantine measures: 95.12%). Conclusions Our results suggest that NPIs and personal hygiene can be used to suppress influenza transmission. NPIs against COVID-19 may be useful strategies for the prevention and control of influenza epidemics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.10.2023
Tilføjet 25.10.2023
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in South Korea during the 2019–2020 seasonal influenza epidemic. The social distancing measures, as effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), adopted to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 might have influenced influenza activity. We evaluated IFV(influenza virus) activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of NPI intensity on influenza transmission. Methods IFV activity and epidemic duration during COVID-19 pandemic were predicted under a counterfactual scenario with no NPIs against COVID-19. The Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model was used to quantify the effects of NPIs on the transmission of influenza virus. Influenza-like illness/1000 outpatients and IFV positivity rate from the 2011–2012 to 2021–2022 seasons were used in this study. Results Comparison of the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 seasonal influenza activities with those in 2013–2019 showed that COVID-19 outbreaks and associated NPIs such as face mask use, school closures, and travel restrictions reduced the influenza incidence by 91%. Without NPIs against COVID-19, the rates of influenza-like illness and IFV positivity would have been high during the influenza epidemic season, as in previous seasons. NPI intensity decreased the transmission of influenza; the magnitude of the reduction increased as the intensity of social-distancing measures increased (weak social distancing; step-by-step daily recovery: 58.10%, strong social distancing; special quarantine measures: 95.12%). Conclusions Our results suggest that NPIs and personal hygiene can be used to suppress influenza transmission. NPIs against COVID-19 may be useful strategies for the prevention and control of influenza epidemics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJonathan J. Lau, Samuel M. S. Cheng, Kathy Leung, Cheuk Kwong Lee, Asmaa Hachim, Leo C. H. Tsang, Kenny W. H. Yam, Sara Chaothai, Kelvin K. H. Kwan, Zacary Y. H. Chai, Tiffany H. K. Lo, Masashi Mori, Chao Wu, Sophie A. Valkenburg, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Eric H. Y. Lau, David S. C. Hui, Gabriel M. Leung, Malik Peiris, Joseph T. Wu
Nature, 25.10.2023
Tilføjet 25.10.2023
Phoomintara Longsompurana, Thanyada Rungrotmongkol, Nongluk Plongthongkum, Kittikhun Wangkanont, Peter Wolschann, Rungtiva P. Poo-arporn
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.10.2023
Tilføjet 24.10.2023
by Phoomintara Longsompurana, Thanyada Rungrotmongkol, Nongluk Plongthongkum, Kittikhun Wangkanont, Peter Wolschann, Rungtiva P. Poo-arporn The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need for effective therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to manage the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the emergence of numerous variants of concern (VOCs) has made it challenging to develop targeted therapies that are broadly specific in neutralizing the virus. In this study, we aimed to develop neutralizing nanobodies (Nbs) using computational techniques that can effectively neutralize the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. We evaluated the performance of different protein-protein docking programs and identified HDOCK as the most suitable program for Nb/RBD docking with high accuracy. Using this approach, we designed 14 novel Nbs with high binding affinity to the VOC RBDs. The Nbs were engineered with mutated amino acids that interacted with key amino acids of the RBDs, resulting in higher binding affinity than human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and other viral RBDs or haemagglutinins (HAs). The successful development of these Nbs demonstrates the potential of molecular modeling as a low-cost and time-efficient method for engineering effective Nbs against SARS-CoV-2. The engineered Nbs have the potential to be employed in RBD-neutralizing assays, facilitating the identification of novel treatment, prevention, and diagnostic strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmanda Butler, Ruth Croxford, Katherine E. McLeod, Tara Gomes, Aaron M. Orkin, Susan J. Bondy, Fiona G. Kouyoumdjian
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.10.2023
Tilføjet 24.10.2023
by Amanda Butler, Ruth Croxford, Katherine E. McLeod, Tara Gomes, Aaron M. Orkin, Susan J. Bondy, Fiona G. Kouyoumdjian Background To inform preparedness and population health action, we need to understand the effects of COVID-19 on health inequities. In this study, we assess the impact of COVID-19 on opioid toxicity deaths among people who experience incarceration compared to others in the general population in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study for the period of January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. We accessed and linked coronial data on all opioid toxicity deaths in Ontario with correctional data for people aged 18 years and older who were incarcerated in a provincial correctional facility. We used data from the Statistics Canada Census to calculate whole population rates. We used an interrupted time series design and segmented regression to assess for change in the level or rate of increase in deaths due to opioid toxicity coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared the impact of COVID-19 on the opioid toxicity death rates for people exposed and not exposed to incarceration. Results Rates of opioid toxicity death increased with a linear positive slope in both persons exposed to incarceration and those not exposed over the study period. The start of COVID-19 measures coincided with a marked upward shift in the trend lines with modification of the effect of COVID-19 by both sex and exposure to incarceration. For persons exposed to incarceration, the risk ratio (RR) was 1.50 (95%CI 1.35–1.69) for males and 1.21 (95%CI 1.06–1.42) for females, and for persons not exposed to incarceration, the RR was 1.25 (95%CI 1.13–1.38) for males and not significant for females. Conclusions COVID-19 substantially exacerbated the risk of opioid toxicity death, impacting males and females who experienced incarceration more than those who had not, with an immediate stepwise increase in risk but no change in the rate of increase of risk over time. Public health work, including pandemic preparedness, should consider the specific needs and circumstances of people who experience incarceration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClaire Benny, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, Karen A. Patte, Brendan T. Smith, Paul J. Veugelers, Scott T. Leatherdale, Roman Pabayo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.10.2023
Tilføjet 24.10.2023
by Claire Benny, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, Karen A. Patte, Brendan T. Smith, Paul J. Veugelers, Scott T. Leatherdale, Roman Pabayo Introduction Understanding the inequitable impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health are leading priorities. Existing research has linked income inequality in schools to adolescent depression, however, it is unclear if the onset of the pandemic exacerbated the effects of income inequality on adolescent mental health. The current study aimed to quantify the association between income inequality and adolescent mental health during COVID-19. Material and methods Longitudinal data were taken from three waves (2018/19 to 2020/21) of the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) school-based study. Latent Growth Curve modelling was used to assess the association between Census District (CD)-level income inequality and depressive symptoms before and after the onset of COVID-19. Results The study sample included 29,722 students across 43 Census divisions in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. The average age of the sample at baseline was 14.9 years [standard deviation (SD) = 1.5] and ranged between 12 and 19 years of age. Most of the sample self-reported as white (76.3%) and female (54.4%). Students who completed the COMPASS survey after the onset of COVID reported 0.20-unit higher depressive scores (95% CI = 0.16, 0.24) compared to pre-COVID. The adjusted analyses indicated that the association between income inequality on anxiety scores was strengthened following the onset of COVID-19 (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.0004, 0.03), indicating that income inequality was associated with a greater increase in anxiety scores during COVID-19. Discussion The adjusted results indicate that the association between income inequality and adolescent anxiety persisted and was heightened at the onset of COVID-19. Future studies should use quasi-experimental methods to strengthen this finding. The current study can inform policy and program discussions regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic recovery for young Canadians and relevant social policies for improving adolescent mental health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMJ Open, 24.10.2023
Tilføjet 24.10.2023
Soomar SM, Soomar SM, Khan M, et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among the general population of Pakistan: a population-based survey. BMJ Open 2022;12:e064096. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064096. This article has been retracted by the journal and publisher at the request of the first author. The institution provided an investigational report that found the first author had stolen the data from a separate research group within the same institution, manipulated it and submitted it for publication under his own name with co-authors. The institution found that the co-authors neither engaged in nor were aware of the misconduct in the acquisition of the data.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBruno Kluwe-Schiavon, Lucas De Zorzi, Joana Meireles, Jorge Leite, Henrique Sequeira, Sandra Carvalho
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.10.2023
Tilføjet 23.10.2023
by Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon, Lucas De Zorzi, Joana Meireles, Jorge Leite, Henrique Sequeira, Sandra Carvalho
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed