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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1283 emner vises.
Joncic, G., Jain, M., Chattu, V. K., Gohar, B., Nowrouzi-Kia, B.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the overall and specific aspects of the functioning of medical laboratory professionals (MLPs) in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignA cross-sectional analysis where a questionnaire was used to assess the mental status of MLPs. SettingAn online questionnaire administered in Ontario, Canada. Participants632 MLPs (medical laboratory technologists, technicians and assistants) were included. Main outcome measuresWe employed the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule V.2.0 (WHODAS V.2.0) Questionnaire to assess functioning/disability and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, third edition for psychosocial workplace factors. Multiple regression analysis examined the relationship between overall and specific domain functioning scores and psychosocial workplace factors. ResultsOf the total 632 participants, the majority were female gender and Caucasian. It was found that health (β=2.25, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCherry, N., Adisesh, A., Burstyn, I., Durand-Moreau, Q., Galarneau, J.-M., Labreche, F., Ruzycki, S. M., Zadunayski, T.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
PurposeHealthcare workers were recruited early in 2020 to chart effects on their health as the COVID-19 pandemic evolved. The aim was to identify modifiable workplace risk factors for infection and mental ill health. ParticipantsParticipants were recruited from four Canadian provinces, physicians (medical doctors, MDs) in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec, registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and healthcare aides (HCAs) in Alberta and personal support workers (PSWs) in Ontario. Volunteers gave blood for serology testing before and after vaccination. Cases with COVID-19 were matched with up to four referents in a nested case-referent study. Findings to dateOverall, 4964/5130 (97%) of those recruited joined the longitudinal cohort: 1442 MDs, 3136 RNs, 71 LPNs, 235 PSWs, 80 HCAs. Overall, 3812 (77%) were from Alberta. Prepandemic risk factors for mental ill health and respiratory illness differed markedly by occupation. Participants completed questionnaires at recruitment, fall 2020, spring 2021, spring 2022. By 2022, 4837 remained in the cohort (127 had retired, moved away or died), for a response rate of 89% (4299/4837). 4567/4964 (92%) received at least one vaccine shot: 2752/4567 (60%) gave postvaccine blood samples. Ease of accessing blood collection sites was a strong determinant of participation. Among 533 cases and 1697 referents recruited to the nested case-referent study, risk of infection at work decreased with widespread vaccination. Future plansSerology results (concentration of IgG) together with demographic data will be entered into the publicly accessible database compiled by the Canadian Immunology Task Force. Linkage with provincial administrative health databases will permit case validation, investigation of longer-term sequelae of infection and comparison with community controls. Analysis of the existing dataset will concentrate on effects on IgG of medical condition, medications and stage of pregnancy, and the role of occupational exposures and supports on mental health during the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhang, X., Guan, C., He, J., Wang, J.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
IntroductionLong-term care needs for people with dementia are predicted to increase due to increased life expectancy and dementia diagnoses. Most published meta- syntheses of dementia care focus on hospitals or home settings. When focusing on long-term care facilities, most reviews about dementia care only focus on a single outcome, such as feeding, behavioural symptoms management, palliative care and others, which is limited. The present study aims to synthesise qualitative data and examine barriers and facilitators to caring for people with dementia in long-term care facilities. Methods and analysisThis is the protocol for our systematic review and meta-synthesis, which describes the design of this study, and we plan to complete the study from October 2023 to November 2024. The systematic review and meta-synthesis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. Nine databases (five English and four Chinese) were searched, including Embase, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Wan Fang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP and Chinese Biomedical Medicine, from inception to August 2023. Qualitative and mixed-approach research about barriers and facilitators to caring for people with dementia in long-term care facilities, which are reported in English or Chinese, will be included. Covidence software will help with study selection, assessment and data extraction. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research (2020) will be used for included studies’ quality assessment. Data extraction will be based on the JBI Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument Data Extraction Tool for Qualitative Research. The JBI aggregation approach will be used to synthesise data. We will use the JBI ConQual tool to assess the credibility and dependability of each synthesised finding to establish confidence in the synthesised findings. All review steps will be managed by two reviewers independently, and disparities will be discussed. If consensus cannot reach a resolution, a third reviewer will be consulted. Ethics and disseminationThe present study is a secondary analysis of published qualitative data. So ethical approval is not required. The findings may be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference papers or elsewhere. PROSPERO registration numberThe protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in May 2022, and the registration number is CRD42022326178.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 109 Issue: 5 Pages: 1205-1206
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Variation in immune response to COVID-19 vaccines is observed among different ethnicities. We aimed to describe the reinfection rates, change in antibody titers, and adverse events among Filipinos. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a cohort study of 307 participants within one year of having COVID-19 infection. We measured COVID-19 antibody levels at pre-determined timepoints (Days 21, 90, 180, 270, and 360 from initial infection). We monitored for COVID-19 symptoms and obtained details on COVID-19 vaccination. An adjudication committee classified the participants as probable, possible, or unlikely COVID-19 reinfection. We determined the probable reinfection rate, adverse events, and the geometric mean titer (GMT) ratio of pre- and post-vaccination antibody levels according to type and brand of COVID-19 vaccine. Results At the end of the follow-up period, 287 (93.5%) out of 307 study participants were fully vaccinated, 1 was partially vaccinated (0.3%), and 19 were unvaccinated (6.2%). Among the fully vaccinated participants, those given mRNA vaccines had the lowest reinfection rate (19.2 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 9.6, 38.4), followed by viral vector vaccines (29.8 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 16.9, 52.4). We observed the highest reinfection rate among those given inactivated virus vaccines (32.7 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 23.6, 45.3). The reinfection rate was 8.6 cases/100 person-years (95% CI 4.1, 17.9) for unvaccinated participants and 3.6 cases/100 person-years (95% CI 0.5, 25.3) for partially vaccinated participants. We observed the largest rise in antibody titers among those given mRNA vaccines (GMT ratio 288.5), and the smallest rise among those given inactivated virus vaccines (GMT ratio 16.7). We observed the highest percentage of adverse events following immunization with viral vector vaccines (63.8%), followed by mRNA vaccines (62.7%), and the lowest for inactivated virus vaccines (34.7%). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Vaccinees given the mRNA vaccines had the lowest reinfection rate and the highest rise in antibody titers. Vaccinees given inactivated virus vaccines had the highest reinfection rate, smallest rise in antibody titers, and lowest percentage of adverse events. The small sample size and imbalanced distribution of the type of vaccines received limits the external generalizability of our results. Study Registration The cohort study was registered at the Philippine Health Research Registry on December 14, 2020 (PHRR201214-003199).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Many countries, including high-income nations, struggled to control epidemic waves caused by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which had an antigenically distinct evolution. Evaluating the direct and indirect effects of vaccination during the Omicron waves is essential to assess virus control policies. The present study assessed the population impacts of a vaccination program during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2 from January to May 2022, in Tokyo. Methods We analyzed the primary series and booster vaccination coverages and the confirmed cases stratified by vaccination history. We estimated the number of COVID-19 cases that were directly and indirectly prevented by vaccination. To estimate the direct impact, we used a statistical model that compared risks between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. A transmission model employing the renewal process was devised to quantify the total effect, given as the sum of the direct and indirect effects. Results Assuming that the reporting coverage of cases was 25%, mass vaccination programs, including primary and booster immunizations, directly averted 640,000 COVID-19 cases (95% confidence interval: 624–655). Furthermore, these programs directly and indirectly prevented 8.5 million infections (95% confidence interval: 8.4–8.6). Hypothetical scenarios indicated that we could have expected a 19% or 7% relative reduction in the number of infections, respectively, compared with the observed number of infections, if the booster coverage had been equivalent to that of the second dose or if coverage among people aged 10–49 years had been 10% higher. If the third dose coverage was smaller and comparable to that of the fourth dose, the total number of infections would have increased by 52% compared with the observed number of infections. Conclusions The population benefit of vaccination via direct and indirect effects was substantial, with an estimated 65% reduction in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with counterfactual (without vaccination) in Tokyo during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Variation in immune response to COVID-19 vaccines is observed among different ethnicities. We aimed to describe the reinfection rates, change in antibody titers, and adverse events among Filipinos. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a cohort study of 307 participants within one year of having COVID-19 infection. We measured COVID-19 antibody levels at pre-determined timepoints (Days 21, 90, 180, 270, and 360 from initial infection). We monitored for COVID-19 symptoms and obtained details on COVID-19 vaccination. An adjudication committee classified the participants as probable, possible, or unlikely COVID-19 reinfection. We determined the probable reinfection rate, adverse events, and the geometric mean titer (GMT) ratio of pre- and post-vaccination antibody levels according to type and brand of COVID-19 vaccine. Results At the end of the follow-up period, 287 (93.5%) out of 307 study participants were fully vaccinated, 1 was partially vaccinated (0.3%), and 19 were unvaccinated (6.2%). Among the fully vaccinated participants, those given mRNA vaccines had the lowest reinfection rate (19.2 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 9.6, 38.4), followed by viral vector vaccines (29.8 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 16.9, 52.4). We observed the highest reinfection rate among those given inactivated virus vaccines (32.7 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 23.6, 45.3). The reinfection rate was 8.6 cases/100 person-years (95% CI 4.1, 17.9) for unvaccinated participants and 3.6 cases/100 person-years (95% CI 0.5, 25.3) for partially vaccinated participants. We observed the largest rise in antibody titers among those given mRNA vaccines (GMT ratio 288.5), and the smallest rise among those given inactivated virus vaccines (GMT ratio 16.7). We observed the highest percentage of adverse events following immunization with viral vector vaccines (63.8%), followed by mRNA vaccines (62.7%), and the lowest for inactivated virus vaccines (34.7%). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Vaccinees given the mRNA vaccines had the lowest reinfection rate and the highest rise in antibody titers. Vaccinees given inactivated virus vaccines had the highest reinfection rate, smallest rise in antibody titers, and lowest percentage of adverse events. The small sample size and imbalanced distribution of the type of vaccines received limits the external generalizability of our results. Study Registration The cohort study was registered at the Philippine Health Research Registry on December 14, 2020 (PHRR201214-003199).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Many countries, including high-income nations, struggled to control epidemic waves caused by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which had an antigenically distinct evolution. Evaluating the direct and indirect effects of vaccination during the Omicron waves is essential to assess virus control policies. The present study assessed the population impacts of a vaccination program during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2 from January to May 2022, in Tokyo. Methods We analyzed the primary series and booster vaccination coverages and the confirmed cases stratified by vaccination history. We estimated the number of COVID-19 cases that were directly and indirectly prevented by vaccination. To estimate the direct impact, we used a statistical model that compared risks between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. A transmission model employing the renewal process was devised to quantify the total effect, given as the sum of the direct and indirect effects. Results Assuming that the reporting coverage of cases was 25%, mass vaccination programs, including primary and booster immunizations, directly averted 640,000 COVID-19 cases (95% confidence interval: 624–655). Furthermore, these programs directly and indirectly prevented 8.5 million infections (95% confidence interval: 8.4–8.6). Hypothetical scenarios indicated that we could have expected a 19% or 7% relative reduction in the number of infections, respectively, compared with the observed number of infections, if the booster coverage had been equivalent to that of the second dose or if coverage among people aged 10–49 years had been 10% higher. If the third dose coverage was smaller and comparable to that of the fourth dose, the total number of infections would have increased by 52% compared with the observed number of infections. Conclusions The population benefit of vaccination via direct and indirect effects was substantial, with an estimated 65% reduction in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with counterfactual (without vaccination) in Tokyo during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Dustin T. Hill, Mohammed A. Alazawi, E. Joe Moran, Lydia J. Bennett, Ian Bradley, Mary B. Collins, Christopher J. Gobler, Hyatt Green, Tabassum Z. Insaf, Brittany Kmush, Dana Neigel, Shailla Raymond, Mian Wang, Yinyin Ye, David A. Larsen
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRhys, G. H., Wakeling, T., Moore, J. P., Subbe, C. P.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesWe aimed to identify exercise tests that have been validated to support a safe discharge to home in patients with or without COVID-19. Study designScoping review, using PRISMA-ScR reporting standards. Medline, PubMed, AMED, Embase, CINAHL and LitCovid databases were searched between 16 and 22 February 2021, with studies included from any publication date up to and including the search date. InterventionShort exercise tests. Primary outcome measuresSafe discharge from hospital, readmission rate, length of hospital stay, mortality. Secondary outcomes measures: safety, feasibility and reliability. ResultsOf 1612 original records screened, 19 studies were included in the analysis. These used a variety of exercise tests in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suspected pulmonary embolism and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, heart failure or critical illness. Only six studies had examined patients with COVID-19, of these two were still recruiting to evaluate the 1 min sit-to-stand test and the 40-steps test. There was heterogeneity in patient populations, tests used and outcome measures. Few exercise tests have been validated to support discharge decisions. There is currently no support for short exercise tests for triage of care in patients with COVID-19. ConclusionsFurther research is needed to aid clinical decision-making at discharge from hospital.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFan, X., Du, J., Yu, H., Xu, Q., Weng, X., Gou, Y., Si, Y.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
BackgroundDue to the COVID-19 epidemic, Chinese hospitals are forced to impose stringent regulations, which unavoidably affect patients with stroke who need continued rehabilitation and long-term disease treatment. However, there is a lack of qualitative studies in the literature on female relative caregivers of hospitalised patients who had a stroke with dysphagia during the COVID-19 pandemic. ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of female Chinese caregivers living in the hospital with patients with post-stroke dysphagia during the pandemic. DesignWe conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Setting(s)From May 2022 to July 2022, patients were selected from the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Ward and the Encephalopathy Ward of Shenzhen Chinese Medicine Hospital, which receives patients from across the country. Participants10 Chinese women who were caregivers of patients with post-stroke dysphagia were finally interviewed. MethodsInterviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Colaizzi’s approach. ResultsThe primary theme was determined to be ‘kidnapped’ lives. Other sub-themes evolved to depict the lives of female relative caregivers, including inevitable tasks and challenges, precise care, a special dietary pattern, solitary and forgotten, and an elusive future. Due to the trivial nature of caring for patients who had a stroke with dysphagia, the caregivers’ lives were tightly organised and entirely dictated by the patient’s caring needs. Consequently, the caregivers felt that their lives had been kidnapped. ConclusionsIt is imperative that healthcare workers identify and understand the living conditions of female relative caregivers in the hospital, so as to determine their difficulties and needs. Finally, caregivers deserve adequate and effective support, such as technical support, financial support and nutritional guidance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBhattacharya, P., John, D., Mukherjee, N., MS, N., Menon, J., Banerjee, A.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesThe state of West Bengal witnessed a significant surge of COVID-19 in all three waves. However, there is a gap in understanding the economic loss associated with COVID-19. This study estimates future non-health gross domestic product (NHGDP) losses associated with COVID-19 deaths in West Bengal, India. SettingVarious open domains were used to gather data on COVID-19 deaths in West Bengal and the aforementioned estimates. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe NHGDP losses were evaluated using the cost-of-illness approach. Future NHGDP losses were discounted at 3%. Excess death estimates by the WHO and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) were used. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by varying discount rates and average age of death (AAD). Results21 532 deaths in West Bengal from 17 March 2020 to 31 December 2022 decreased the future NHGDP by $0.92 billion. Nearly 90% of loss was due to deaths occurring in the age group of 30 years and above. Majority of the NHGDP loss was borne by the 46–60 years age group. NHGDP loss/death was $55,171; however, the average loss/death declined with rise in age. Based on the GBD and WHO excess death estimates, the NHGDP loss increased to $9.38 billion and $9.42 billion, respectively. When the lower age interval is considered as AAD, the NHGDP loss increased to $1.3 billion. At 5% and 10% discount rates, the losses reduced to $0.767 billion and $0.549 billion, respectively. ConclusionsResults from the study suggest that COVID-19 contributed to a major economic loss in West Bengal. The mortality and morbidity caused by COVID-19, the substantial economic costs at individual and population levels in West Bengal, and probably across India and other countries, is another economic argument for better infection control strategies across the globe to minimise the impact of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVardavas, C., Zisis, K., Nikitara, K., Lagou, I., Marou, V., Aslanoglou, K., Athanasakis, K., Phalkey, R., Leonardi-Bee, J., Fernandez, E., Condell, O., Lamb, F., Sandmann, F., Pharris, A., Deogan, C., Suk, J. E.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesThe economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role. DesignA systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null. Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021. Eligibility criteriaStudies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible. Data extraction and synthesisStudies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist. ResultsWe included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented. ConclusionsCOVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and societies, while interventions including testing and screening policies, vaccination and physical distancing policies were identified as those presenting cost-effective options to deal with the pandemic, dependent on population vaccination and the Re at the stage of the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKeeshan, A., Galipeau, Y., Heiskanen, A., Collins, E., McCluskie, P. S., Arnold, C., Saginur, R., Booth, R., Little, J., McGuinty, M., Buchan, C. A., Crawley, A., Langlois, M.-A., Cooper, C.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
BackgroundPredictors of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and the influence of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection require elucidation. MethodsStop the Spread Ottawa is a prospective cohort of individuals at-risk for or who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, initially enrolled for 10 months beginning October 2020. This cohort was enriched for public-facing workers. This analysis focuses on safety and immunogenicity of the initial two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. ResultsPost-vaccination data with blood specimens were available for 930 participants. 22.8% were SARS-CoV2 infected prior to the first vaccine dose. Cohort characteristics include: median age 44 (IQR: 22–56), 66.6% women, 89.0% white, 83.2% employed. 38.1% reported two or more comorbidities and 30.8% reported immune compromising condition(s). Over 95% had detectable IgG levels against the spike and receptor binding domain (RBD) 3 months post second vaccine dose. By multivariable analysis, increasing age and high-level immune compromise predicted diminishing IgG spike and RBD titres at month 3 post second dose. IgG spike and RBD titres were higher immediately post vaccination in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to first vaccination and spike titres were higher at 6 months in those with wider time intervals between dose 1 and 2. IgG spike and RBD titres and neutralisation were generally similar by sex, weight and whether receiving homogeneous or heterogeneous combinations of vaccines. Common symptoms post dose 1 vaccine included fatigue (64.7%), injection site pain (47.5%), headache (27.2%), fever/chills (26.2%) and body aches (25.3%). These symptoms were similar with subsequent doses. ConclusionThe initial two COVID-19 vaccine doses are safe, well-tolerated and highly immunogenic across a broad spectrum of vaccine recipients including those working in public facing environments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused significant economic damage and forced a slew of limitations to be placed by regulatory bodies worldwide. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus continuously mutates over time, it’s crucial to understand how well the vaccines are effective against a new variant. Objectives To measure COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against ICU admission with the Omicron variant in Saudi Arabia regions. Methods and materials A retrospective cohort study was conducted of vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals who tested positive during Omicron dominant period (Jan 1, 2020- Jun 11, 2022). We used a Cox proportional hazards model based on calendar time to assess the vaccine’s effectiveness while controlling for age and gender. Results A total of 14103 individuals who were divided into fully vaccinated included 8388 (59.5%) individuals, partially vaccinated included 1851 (13.5%) individuals, and un-vaccinated included 3864 (27.4%) individuals. Higher age was associated with a higher risk of ICU admission (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04). Three doses are associated with a lower risk of ICU admission compared to the single dose (HR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.20). By studying the distribution of Omicron infection among different regions, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah had the highest proportion at 60.23 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 57.05, 63.53). In contrast, Al-jouf had the lowest proportion at 4.51 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 2.891, 6.713). The vaccination status was significantly different in different regions, as the highest proportion of fully vaccinated participants inhabited in Tabouk region, with 71.8% of its cases. Out of all regions, Najran had the highest proportion of ICU admission among Omicron cases with 20% (95% CI: 9.94%, 34.22%). While the lowest rates existed in Riyadh with 0.86% (95%CI: 0.61%, 1.17%). Conclusion We found that a booster significantly enhanced protection against severe COVID-19. The partially vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were at significantly higher risk of ICU admission when compared to the fully vaccinated participants. Furthermore, in future, it is worth investigating the effectiveness of a booster when other potential factors (e.g., region, comorbidities, etc.) are included, particularly among future variants of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMisganu Endriyas, Belete Woldemariam, Endashaw Shibru, Mamush Hussen, Bersabeh Bedru, Mathewos Moges, Mintesinot Melka, Fiseha Lemango, Male Mate, Tesfaye Lejiso, Biruk Gebremedhin, Alemu Tolcha, Biniam Shiferaw, Girma Wondimu, Tesfatsion Terefe, Sinafikish Ayele, Tebeje Misganaw, Teka Samuel, Temesgen Kelaye, Agegnehu Gebru, Amare Assefa, Wogene Getachew, Bereket Yalew, Dereje Geleta
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
by Misganu Endriyas, Belete Woldemariam, Endashaw Shibru, Mamush Hussen, Bersabeh Bedru, Mathewos Moges, Mintesinot Melka, Fiseha Lemango, Male Mate, Tesfaye Lejiso, Biruk Gebremedhin, Alemu Tolcha, Biniam Shiferaw, Girma Wondimu, Tesfatsion Terefe, Sinafikish Ayele, Tebeje Misganaw, Teka Samuel, Temesgen Kelaye, Agegnehu Gebru, Amare Assefa, Wogene Getachew, Bereket Yalew, Dereje Geleta Background School closures in response to the COVID-19 impacted children’s education, protection, and wellbeing. After understanding these impacts and that children were not super spreaders, countries including Ethiopia decided to reopen schools with specified preconditions. But when deciding to reopen schools, the benefits and risks across education, public health and socio-economic factors have to be evaluated. However, there was information gap on status of schools as per preconditions. Hence, this study was designed to investigate status of schools in Southern Ethiopia. Methods School based cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 in Southern Ethiopia. Sample of 430 schools were included. National school reopening guideline was used to develop checklist for assessment. Data was collected by public health experts at regional emergency operation center. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize data. Results A total of 430 schools were included. More than two thirds, 298 (69.3%), of schools were from rural areas while 132 (30.7%) were from urban settings. The general infection prevention and water, sanitation and hygiene (IPC-WASH) status of schools were poor and COVID-19 specific preparations were inadequate to meet national preconditions to reopen schools during the pandemic. Total score from 24 items observed ranged from 3 to 22 points with mean score of 11.75 (SD±4.02). No school scored 100% and only 41 (9.5%) scored above 75% while 216 (50.2%%) scored below half point that is 12 items. Conclusion Both the basic and COVID-19 specific IPC-WASH status of schools were inadequate to implement national school reopening preconditions and general standards. Some of strategies planned to accommodate teaching process and preconditions maximized inequalities in education. Although COVID-19 impact lessened due to vaccination and other factors, it is rational to consider fulfilling water and basic sanitation facilities to schools to prevent communicable diseases of public health importance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristophe Bonaldi, Anne Fouillet, Cécile Sommen, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Juliette Paireau
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
by Christophe Bonaldi, Anne Fouillet, Cécile Sommen, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Juliette Paireau Background The effective reproduction number (Rt) quantifies the average number of secondary cases caused by one person with an infectious disease. Near-real-time monitoring of Rt during an outbreak is a major indicator used to monitor changes in disease transmission and assess the effectiveness of interventions. The estimation of Rt usually requires the identification of infected cases in the population, which can prove challenging with the available data, especially when asymptomatic people or with mild symptoms are not usually screened. The purpose of this study was to perform sensitivity analysis of Rt estimates for COVID-19 surveillance in France based on three data sources with different sensitivities and specificities for identifying infected cases. Methods We applied a statistical method developed by Cori et al. to estimate Rt using (1) confirmed cases identified from positive virological tests in the population, (2) suspected cases recorded by a national network of emergency departments, and (3) COVID-19 hospital admissions recorded by a national administrative system to manage hospital organization. Results Rt estimates in France from May 27, 2020, to August 12, 2022, showed similar temporal trends regardless of the dataset. Estimates based on the daily number of confirmed cases provided an earlier signal than the two other sources, with an average lag of 3 and 6 days for estimates based on emergency department visits and hospital admissions, respectively. Conclusion The COVID-19 experience confirmed that monitoring temporal changes in Rt was a key indicator to help the public health authorities control the outbreak in real time. However, gaining access to data on all infected people in the population in order to estimate Rt is not straightforward in practice. As this analysis has shown, the opportunity to use more readily available data to estimate Rt trends, provided that it is highly correlated with the spread of infection, provides a practical solution for monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and indeed any other epidemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAhmed M. Alzahrani, Ahmed Hakami, Ahmad AlHadi, Nassr Al-maflehi, Mohammed H. Aljawadi, Rawan M. Alotaibi, Muhannad M. Alzahrani, Salem Ali Alammari, Mohammed A. Batais, Turky H. Almigbal
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
by Ahmed M. Alzahrani, Ahmed Hakami, Ahmad AlHadi, Nassr Al-maflehi, Mohammed H. Aljawadi, Rawan M. Alotaibi, Muhannad M. Alzahrani, Salem Ali Alammari, Mohammed A. Batais, Turky H. Almigbal Introduction There is growing interest in Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program to combat mental distress in medical students. In Saudi Arabia, literature is insufficient about MBSR and its effectiveness. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of MBSR in improving mindful state, stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students. Also, the study explores the association between the attendance rate of MBSR sessions and its effectiveness. Lastly, the study examines gender differences in response to MBSR. Methods This is a stratified randomized controlled study of 84 medical students from two medical schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. They were recruited voluntarily from November 2018 to April 2021, and allocated to MBSR and waitlist groups using a stratified randomization method based on gender. MBSR group received eight weeks of sessions through audiovisual materials. An online survey utilizing validated questionnaires assessing stress, mindfulness, anxiety, and depression was used to evaluate both groups pre-program (time 0), post-program (time 1), and three months later (time 2). Results Seventy-one participants completed the post-test (time 1). There were no differences between study groups at time 0 and 1. However, in 41 subjects who completed the follow-up test (time 2), the anxiety dropped significantly in MBSR group (mean difference (MD), -3.935; 95% CI, -7.580 to -0.290). Furthermore, attending more MBSR sessions was inversely correlated with depression (r, -0.556; P, 0.002), and anxiety (r, -0.630; P, 0.000). Compared to their baseline, males in MBSR group improved in stress (MD, 3.08; 95% CI, 0.30 to 5.86), anxiety (MD, 4.91; 95% CI, 3.32 to 6.50), and mindfulness (MD, -0.58; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.15), while females improved in stress (MD, 2.64; 95% CI, 0.02 to 5.26). Conclusion Despite the study being interrupted by the stressful COVID-19 outbreak, the findings suggest that MBSR improved psychological outcomes when participants commit to the program.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKatarina Hedin
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
Sore throat is a common condition, and approximately 30 per 1000 inhabitants are diagnosed with tonsillitis in Swedish primary care each year. A minor proportion of these cases are admitted to the hospital due to suspicion of peritonsillar abscesses (PTA). The incidence of purulent complications from tonsillitis is less than one percent [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
On Sept 22, 2023, the UN General Assembly held the second high-level meeting on the fight against tuberculosis. In the political declaration submitted by the President of the General Assembly, member states reaffirmed their collective commitment to end tuberculosis by 2030. Although previous pledges—including those made at the first UN high-level meeting in 2018—were followed by declining incidence and mortality, progress was unacceptably slow and was abruptly reversed by the COVID-19 pandemic. A plethora of tools and interventions is available to take important steps towards tuberculosis elimination, and possible paths to a tuberculosis-free world have been mapped out many times, yet 1·6 million people worldwide are estimated to have died from the disease in 2021.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJean-Christophe Richard, Nicolas Terzi, Hodane Yonis, Fatima Chorfa, Florent Wallet, Claire Dupuis, Laurent Argaud, Bertrand Delannoy, Guillaume Thiery, Christian Pommier, Paul Abraham, Michel Muller, Florian Sigaud, Guillaume Rigault, Emilie Joffredo, Mehdi Mezidi, Bertrand Souweine, Loredana Baboi, Hassan Serrier, Muriel Rabilloud, Laurent Bitker, VT4COVID collaborators
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
In patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19-related ARDS, there was no significant difference with ULTV compared with LTV in the composite score based on mortality and ventilator-free days among patients alive at day 60. These findings do not support the systematic use of ULTV in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe C-MORE/PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoseph Hickey, Denis G. Rancourt
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
by Joseph Hickey, Denis G. Rancourt Objectives Since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have imposed policies to reduce contacts between people who are presumed to be particularly vulnerable to dying from respiratory illnesses and the rest of the population. These policies typically address vulnerable individuals concentrated in centralized care facilities and entail limiting social contacts with visitors, staff members, and other care home residents. We use a standard epidemiological model to investigate the impact of such circumstances on the predicted infectious disease attack rates, for interacting robust and vulnerable populations. Methods We implement a general susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) compartmental model with two populations: robust and vulnerable. The key model parameters are the per-individual frequencies of within-group (robust-robust and vulnerable-vulnerable) and between-group (robust-vulnerable and vulnerable-robust) infectious-susceptible contacts and the recovery times of individuals in the two groups, which can be significantly longer for vulnerable people. Results Across a large range of possible model parameters including degrees of segregation versus intermingling of vulnerable and robust individuals, we find that concentrating the most vulnerable into centralized care facilities virtually always increases the infectious disease attack rate in the vulnerable group, without significant benefit to the robust group. Conclusions Isolated care homes of vulnerable residents are predicted to be the worst possible mixing circumstances for reducing harm in epidemic or pandemic conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAngela Nuzzi, Valeria Latorre, Domenico Semisa, Barbara Scozzi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
by Angela Nuzzi, Valeria Latorre, Domenico Semisa, Barbara Scozzi Covid-19 outbreak led all organizations to reorganize their processes to prevent infection and contagion risk. All healthcare facilities, included penitentiary mental health services, had to redesign their processes to safely deliver care services. In this paper, the case of a Penitentiary Mental Health Division located in southern Italy is presented. Soft System Methodology and Business process management principles and techniques are adopted to analyse and redesign the detainees’ mental health care process. The process, characterized by direct, close and prolonged contact with patients, exposes detainees and healthcare staff to a high Covid-19 infection risk. Through document analysis, interviews with the actors involved in the process and direct observation, the process’s inefficiencies and criticalities are identified. The process is redesigned to make it compliant with Covid-19 prevention provisions and national penitentiary regulations and address the other criticalities. The proposed methodological approach–which innovatively combines Soft System Methodology and Business Process Management–constitutes a human-centered process-based redesign approach that can be used both in healthcare and other organizational settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYingji Chen, Pingyang Han, Yunjie Gao, Ruifeng Jiang, Mei Tao, Ximin Li
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
by Yingji Chen, Pingyang Han, Yunjie Gao, Ruifeng Jiang, Mei Tao, Ximin Li Background COVID-19 and influenza A can cause severe respiratory illness. Differentiating between the two diseases and identifying critically ill patients in times of epidemics become a challenge for frontline medical staff. We sought to investigate whether both diseases and their severity could be recognized by routine blood parameters. Methods Our retrospective study analysed the clinical data and first-time routine blood parameters of 80 influenza A patients and 123 COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients were divided into three groups according to treatment modalities and outcomes: outpatient group, inpatient without invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) group, and inpatient with IMV group. We used the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests to analyze the differences in routine blood parameters between the two or three groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. Results Compared with outpatient influenza A patients, outpatient COVID-19 patients had a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (6.63 vs 3.55). ROC analysis showed that the NLR had a high diagnostic value for differentiating COVID-19 from influenza A (AUC = 0.739). The best cut-off point of the NLR was 6.48, the diagnostic sensitivity was 0.523, and the specificity was 0.925. The median platelet (PLT) count in the different COVID-19 groups was as follows: outpatient group (189×109/L), inpatient without IMV group (161×109/L), and inpatient with IMV group (94×109/L). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found a significant association between PLT and treatment modality and outcome in COVID-19 patients (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJane Agergaard, Jesper Damsgaard Gunst, Berit Schiøttz-Christensen, Lars Østergaard, Christian Wejse
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
More than three years after the first COVID-19 cases, several patients suffer from post-infectious health effects called long COVID [1, 2]. These sequelae have been defined as symptoms persisting more than 3 months after initial COVID-19 [3]. Fatigue, concentration difficulties, shortness of breath, and myalgia are among the numerous symptoms associated with long COVID [1, 4, 5]. It was early documented, that Omicron infection resulted in a milder acute course compared to previous variants [6], and understanding the risk and the characteristics of long COVID symptoms following changing variants has been of great interest for planning prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBishop, J., Quilliam, C., Wong Shee, A.
BMJ Open, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the intention of health professionals to use evidence generated through an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) activity undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic to answer a time-critical research question about the delivery of community-based group programmes to rural clients via virtual technology, and describe the participating health professionals and researchers’ perceptions of the iKT partnership. DesignMultimethod study incorporating qualitative and quantitative approaches. SettingTwo regional health services in Victoria (Australia). Participants26 allied health professionals (knowledge-partners) from eight disciplines across two regional health services and eight researchers from five Victorian universities. InterventionAn iKT approach was used to facilitate problem identification, evidence synthesis and adaption of evidence to the local context. Data collection and analysisParticipants were invited to complete a survey (knowledge-partners) and undertake a semistructured interview (knowledge-partners and researchers) on their experiences. A process log of collaborative activities tracked the type of engagement activities, who attended and the outcomes. The survey and process log results were analysed descriptively, the interviews using thematic analysis and a comparison of results approach applied to evaluate similarities and differences in the perception of the partnership from separate data collection and analysis processes. ResultsThe survey indicated strong positive attitudes towards using research evidence in practice as well as strong intentions to use it in the future by knowledge-partners. Knowledge-partners indicated that their expertise was used in the research process, although there was greater collaboration in some steps of iKT. The context of COVID-19 facilitated collaboration between knowledge-partners and researchers through a sense of urgency and shared purpose. Rapid team development was a key mechanism that enabled iKT. Team participation was necessarily pragmatic and flexible in nature to facilitate knowledge-partner involvement. Participants suggested the iKT process was likely to result in greater end-user buy in and a powerful example of how to upskill health professionals without a significant impact on their day-to-day workload. This project was considered by knowledge-partners to be more likely to have an impact compared with other projects without a research partner. ConclusionsThis study highlights how researchers and knowledge-partners can work effectively and rapidly to address a time-sensitive problem of mutual interest. Establishing and nurturing rural-based researcher and knowledge-partner networks is key to enabling agile and timely responses to the changing evidence needs of the health system.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLovett, R., Filec, S., Bonham, M., Yoshino Benavente, J., O'Conor, R., Russell, A., Zheng, P., Wismer, G., Yoon, E., Weiner-Light, S., Vogeley, A., Morrissey Kwasny, M., Lowe, S., Curtis, L. M., Federman, A., Bailey, S. C., Wolf, M.
BMJ Open, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
IntroductionCOVID-19 is an unprecedented public health threat in modern times, especially for older adults or those with chronic illness. Beyond the threat of infection, the pandemic may also have longer-term impacts on mental and physical health. The COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions (‘C3’) study offers a unique opportunity to assess psychosocial and health/healthcare trajectories over 5 years among a diverse cohort of adults with comorbidities well-characterised from before the pandemic, at its onset, through multiple surges, vaccine rollouts and through the gradual easing of restrictions as society slowly returns to ‘normal’. Methods and analysisThe C3 study is an extension of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of ‘high-risk’ adults (aged 23–88 at baseline) with one or more chronic medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five active studies with uniform data collection prior to COVID-19 were leveraged to establish the C3 cohort; 673 adults in Chicago were interviewed during the first week of the outbreak. The C3 cohort has since expanded to include 1044 participants across eight survey waves (T1–T8). Four additional survey waves (T9–T12) will be conducted via telephone interviews spaced 1 year apart and supplemented by electronic health record and pharmacy fill data, for a total of 5 years of data post pandemic onset. Measurement will include COVID-19-related attitudes/behaviours, mental health, social behaviour, lifestyle/health behaviours, healthcare use, chronic disease self-management and health outcomes. Mental health trajectories and associations with health behaviours/outcomes will be examined in a series of latent group and mixed effects modelling, while also examining mediating and moderating factors. Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (STU00215360). Results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be provided to the funders of the study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRamesh, R. M., Oswald, W. E., Israel, G. J., Aruldas, K., Galagan, S., Legge, H., Puthupalayam Kaliappan, S., Walson, J., Halliday, K. E., Ajjampur, S. S. R.
BMJ Open, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
ObjectivesWith increasing mobile phone subscriptions, phone-based surveys are gaining popularity with public health programmes. Despite advantages, systematic exclusion of participants may limit representativeness. Similar to control programmes for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), the DeWorm3 trial of biannual community-wide mass drug administration (MDA) for elimination of soil-transmitted helminth infection used in-person coverage evaluation surveys to measure the proportion of the at-risk population treated during MDA. Due to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, a phone-based coverage evaluation survey was necessary, providing an opportunity for the current study to compare representativeness and implementation (including non-response) of these two survey modes. DesignComparison of two cross-sectional surveys. SettingThe DeWorm3 trial site in Tamil Nadu, India, includes Timiri, a rural subsite, and Jawadhu Hills, a hilly, hard-to-reach subsite inhabited predominantly by a tribal population. ParticipantsIn the phone-based and in-person coverage evaluation surveys, all individuals residing in 2000 randomly selected households (50 in each of the 40 trial clusters) were eligible to participate. Here, we characterise household participation. ResultsOf 2000 households, 1780 (89.0%) participated during the in-person survey. Of 2000 households selected for the phone survey, 346 (17.3%) could not be contacted as they had not provided a telephone number during the census and 1144 (57.2%) participated. Smaller households, households with lower socioeconomic status and those with older, women or less educated household-heads were under-represented in the phone-based survey compared with censused households. Regression analysis revealed non-response in the phone-based survey was higher among households from the poorest socioeconomic quintile (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.3, 95% CI 2.0 to 2.7) and lower when heads of households had completed secondary school or higher education (PR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8). ConclusionsOur findings suggest phone-based surveys under-represent households likely to be at higher risk of NTDs and in-person surveys are more appropriate for measuring MDA coverage within programmatic settings. Trial registration numberNCT03014167.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFortuna, D., Caselli, L., Berti, E., Moro, M. L.
BMJ Open, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
ObjectivesWe aimed to provide a region-wide comprehensive account of the direct effects of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients, in terms of disease incidence, severity and mortality, over a 2-year pandemic period (2020–2021). DesignPopulation-based retrospective study. Setting/participantsAdult patients, affected by at least 1 of 32 prevalent chronic conditions, residing in the Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy, during the years 2020 (N=1 791 189, 47.7% of the overall adult regional population) and 2021 (N=1 801 071, 47.8%). ResultsCOVID-19 incidence among chronic disease patients was 4.1% (74 067 cases) in 2020 and 7.3% (126 556 cases) in 2021, varying across pathologies, with obesity and dementia showing the highest incidence. Hospitalisation rate for pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients was 15.4%. COVID-19-related excess mortality, that is, deaths from COVID-19 as either main or contributing (1.5% of the total) cause of death, was observed during the three pandemic waves, with observed/expected death ratios ranging from +38% (March 2020) to +11% (December 2021). Increased risks of both COVID-19-related hospitalisation and death were associated with male gender, elderly age and many pre-existing pathologies, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and metabolic dysfunctions. The higher the number of concomitant pathologies, the greater the risk of COVID-19-related adverse outcomes: the likelihood of hospitalisation and death more than doubled for people with more than two comorbidities, compared with those with one underlying condition. ConclusionsThis study presents a thorough and up-to-date quantification of the direct impact of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients. The results obtained are particularly relevant considering that people with pre-existing chronic conditions accounted for almost all cases of COVID-19-related hospitalisation (82.6%) and death (91.5%) in a vast region of Italy, among the hardest hit by the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 29.10.2023
Tilføjet 29.10.2023
Abstract Purpose We aimed to assess IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG) in vaccinated mothers and their infants at delivery and 2–3 months of age. Methods We conducted a prospective study on mothers who received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BNT162b2, Moderna mRNA-1273, or Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S) during pregnancy and on their infants. The baseline was at the time of delivery (n = 93), and the end of follow-up was 2 to 3 months post-partum (n = 53). Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers and ACE2 binding inhibition levels were quantified by immunoassays. Results Mothers and infants had high anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers against the B.1 lineage at birth. However, while antibody titers were maintained at 2–3 months post-partum in mothers, they decreased significantly in infants (p 0.8, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIdham Jaya Ganda, Try Kartika Eka Putri, Syarifuddin Rauf, Amiruddin Laompo, Ninny Meutia Pelupessy, Sitti Aizah Lawang, Nadirah Rasyid Ridha, Bahrul Fikri, Muhammad Nasrum Massi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
by Idham Jaya Ganda, Try Kartika Eka Putri, Syarifuddin Rauf, Amiruddin Laompo, Ninny Meutia Pelupessy, Sitti Aizah Lawang, Nadirah Rasyid Ridha, Bahrul Fikri, Muhammad Nasrum Massi Introduction Dysregulated immune responses are developed in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are reflecting the severity of the clinical presentation. This study aimed to analyze IL-6 serum level, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as risk factors for mortality in children with COVID-19. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted on children with COVID-19 infection confirmed by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) who were admitted to infection center at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from September 2021 to September 2022. Subjects were selected using the consecutive sampling method. Results A total of 2,060 COVID-19 RT-PCR tests were performed, and 1,065 children were confirmed positive. There were 291 cases that met the inclusion criteria, with 28.52 percent non-survives and 71.48% survives. The risk factors for mortality were IL-6, ARDS, AKI, Prothrombin Time / Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PT/aPTT), oxygen saturation, Absolut lymphocyte count (ALC), leukocytes, Length of Stay (LOS), and nutritional status (p80.97 pg/ml with 93% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Area Under Curve was 0.981 (95% CI), 0.960–1.000). A multivariate analysis showed IL-6 levels with OR 18.570 (95% CI 5.320–64.803), ARDS with Odds Ratio (OR) 10.177, (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.310–9.040), and AKI with OR 3.220 (95% CI 1.070–10.362). A combination of increased IL-6, ARDS, and AKI can predict a mortality probability as high as 98.3%. Conclusion IL-6, ARDS, and AKI are risk factors for mortality in children with COVID-19. IL-6 level was the highest mortality risk factor.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBryan McCann, Simon C. Hunter, Kareena McAloney-Kocaman, Paul McCarthy, Jan Smith, Eileen Calveley
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
by Bryan McCann, Simon C. Hunter, Kareena McAloney-Kocaman, Paul McCarthy, Jan Smith, Eileen Calveley The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic had wide-ranging negative impacts on mental health. The pandemic also placed extraordinary strain on frontline workers who were required to continue working and putting themselves at risk to provide essential services at a time when their normal support mechanisms may not have been available. This paper presents an evaluation of the Time for You service, a rapidly developed and implemented intervention aimed at providing frontline workers with quick access to flexible online mental health support. Time for You provided service users with three service options: self-guided online cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) resources; guided engagement with online CBT resources; 1–1 psychological therapy with trainee sport and exercise psychologists and trainee health psychologists. A process evaluation informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research considered service fidelity, adaptations, perceived impact, reach, barriers, and facilitators. Interviews with project managers (n = 5), delivery staff (n = 10), and service users (n = 14) explored perceptions of the service implementation and outcomes, supported by data regarding engagement with the online CBT platform (n = 217). Findings indicated that service users valued the flexibility of the service and the speed with which they were able to access support. The support offered by Trainee Psychologists was perceived to be of high quality, and the service was perceived by service users to have improved mental health and wellbeing. The rapid implementation contributed to issues regarding appropriate service user screening that led to trainee psychologists being unable to provide the service users with the support they needed as the presenting issues were outside of trainees’ competencies. Overall, the findings suggest that interventions offering flexible, online psychological support to frontline workers can be an effective model for future interventions. Trainee psychologists are also able to play an important role in delivering such services when clear screening processes are in place.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLouis Banda, Antonia Ho, Stephen Kasenda, Jonathan M Read, Chris Jewell, Alison Price, Estelle McLean, Albert Dube, David Chaima, Lyson Samikwa, Tonney S Nyirenda, Ellen C Hughes, Brian J Willett, Annie Chauma Mwale, Abena S Amoah, Amelia Crampin
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
Malawi, one of the lowest income countries in Africa [1], has experienced four waves of COVID-19 in the first two years of the pandemic; June-August 2020 (wave 1, likely ancestral), December 2020-April 2021 (wave 2, Beta) June-September 2021 (wave 3, Delta) and December 2021-January 2022 (wave 4, Omicron BA.1/2; Figure 1) [2]. Due to limited SARS-CoV-2 testing [3] and surveillance, in addition to a high proportion of asymptomatic infections, the number of confirmed cases likely substantially underestimates the true burden of COVID-19 in Malawi, even more so than in other settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
The Original Investigation titled “Effect of Fluvoxamine vs Placebo on Time to Sustained Recovery in Outpatients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” published on January 12, 2023, was corrected to fix the description of how the medications were distributed and the name of the manufacturer. In the Methods section, under the Interventions subsection, the first sentence should have been “Participants received a 10-day supply of either fluvoxamine or placebo matching fluvoxamine in bottles provided by the manufacturer (Apotex) via direct home delivery from a central pharmacy.” This article was corrected online.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
More than 3% of US adults had post–COVID-19 condition, or long COVID, at the time of a 2022 National Health Interview Survey, and about 7% reported ever having had the condition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently announced. A similar trend held for children, with 0.5% having long COVID at the time of the survey and 1.3% ever having had the condition.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
In this Viewpoint, the authors summarize the therapeutic landscape for COVID-19, discuss who is most likely to benefit from treatment, provide an update on managing illness in immunocompromised individuals, and highlight how to improve COVID-19 treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
This Viewpoint addresses the state of COVID-19 as of fall 2023 in the US and summarizes key clinical information for health care professionals and patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGharaibeh, L., Alameri, M. A., Al-Kabariti, A. Y., Alsa'd, A. A., Abed, A., Karameh, N., Aldeeb, I. D.
BMJ Open, 27.10.2023
Tilføjet 27.10.2023
ObjectivesOnline purchasing, including drugs, increased dramatically in the last decade especially through the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and attitudes of consumers concerning online drug purchasing and assess their perceptions regarding the benefits and disadvantages. DesignA web-based survey conducted through a self-administered questionnaire that was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) committee, ethical approval number: IRB/Al-Ahliyya Amman University/3/13/2021-2022. Cronbach’s alpha for the attributes of benefits and disadvantages was 0.608 and 0.744, respectively. Primary outcome measures were extent of trust of the public in online drug purchasing using Likert scale. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess predictors of the trust score. SettingsHashemite Kingdom of Jordan. ParticipantsInclusion criteria; residents of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 18 years or older. The questionnaire was distributed through snowball effect via different social media. ResultsA total of 428 participants filled the questionnaire, their average age was 29.7±11.2. Almost all participants, 419 (98.6%) use the internet daily but only 79 (18.6%) participants shop online regularly. Fifty participants (11.8%) purchased drugs online and they had higher benefits score of online purchasing compared with those who did not buy drugs online, 12.5±3.7 and 10.9±3.1, respectively, p=0.002. Participant who purchased drugs online had an increase in trust score of 0.847 compared with those who did not purchase drugs online, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.10.2023
Tilføjet 27.10.2023
Abstract Background Infectious disease computational modeling studies have been widely published during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet they have limited reproducibility. Developed through an iterative testing process with multiple reviewers, the Infectious Disease Modeling Reproducibility Checklist (IDMRC) enumerates the minimal elements necessary to support reproducible infectious disease computational modeling publications. The primary objective of this study was to assess the reliability of the IDMRC and to identify which reproducibility elements were unreported in a sample of COVID-19 computational modeling publications. Methods Four reviewers used the IDMRC to assess 46 preprint and peer reviewed COVID-19 modeling studies published between March 13th, 2020, and July 30th, 2020. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated by mean percent agreement and Fleiss’ kappa coefficients (κ). Papers were ranked based on the average number of reported reproducibility elements, and average proportion of papers that reported each checklist item were tabulated. Results Questions related to the computational environment (mean κ = 0.90, range = 0.90–0.90), analytical software (mean κ = 0.74, range = 0.68–0.82), model description (mean κ = 0.71, range = 0.58–0.84), model implementation (mean κ = 0.68, range = 0.39–0.86), and experimental protocol (mean κ = 0.63, range = 0.58–0.69) had moderate or greater (κ > 0.41) inter-rater reliability. Questions related to data had the lowest values (mean κ = 0.37, range = 0.23–0.59). Reviewers ranked similar papers in the upper and lower quartiles based on the proportion of reproducibility elements each paper reported. While over 70% of the publications provided data used in their models, less than 30% provided the model implementation. Conclusions: The IDMRC is the first comprehensive, quality-assessed tool for guiding researchers in reporting reproducible infectious disease computational modeling studies. The inter-rater reliability assessment found that most scores were characterized by moderate or greater agreement. These results suggest that the IDMRC might be used to provide reliable assessments of the potential for reproducibility of published infectious disease modeling publications. Results of this evaluation identified opportunities for improvement to the model implementation and data questions that can further improve the reliability of the checklist.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.10.2023
Tilføjet 27.10.2023
Abstract Objective We aimed to compare the adaptive immune response in individuals with or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infections following the administration of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Methods A total of 54 participants with ages ranging from 37 to 56 years old, consisting of 23 individuals without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (uninfected group) and 31 individuals with prior infection of SARS-CoV-2 (infected group) who have received two doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were enrolled in this study. We measured the IFN-γ level upon administration of BNT162b2 (PF) or mRNA-1273 (MO) by QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2. The production of neutralizing antibodies was evaluated by a surrogate virus neutralization assay, and the neutralizing capacity was assessed by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). The immune response was compared between the two groups. Results A significantly higher level of IFN-γ (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmnuay Kleebayoon; Viroj Wiwanitkit;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Konstantinos Karampatsas; Asma Khalil; Paul T. Heath; Kirsty Le Doare; Shamez N. Ladhani;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Haokun Tian; Changsen Yang; Tiangang Song; Kechen Zhou; Lequan Wen; Ye Tian; Lirui Tang; Weikai Xu; Xinyuan Zhang;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Our study is aimed to access the efficacy and safety outcomes for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients treated with Paxlovid. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, databases were used to retrieve articles from 1 January 2020 to 1 January 2023. Article screening, quality evaluation and data extraction were completed and cross‐checked. The meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were conducted using RevMan, StataMP, and TSA software. A total of 42 original articles were included. Overall meta‐analysis results showed that for death, hospitalisation, death or hospitalisation, emergency department (ED) visit, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and extra oxygen requirement outcomes, every odds ratio (OR) was 0.05. For adverse events (AEs) outcome, the OR was >1 and
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSana Zulfiqar; Robin B. Gasser; Sahar Ghodsian; Mustafa Almukhtar; Celia Holland; Ali Rostami;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
The COVID‐19 pandemic linked to the virus SARS‐CoV‐2, which began in China, affected ∼765 million people as of 30 April 2023. The widespread use of corticosteroids for the symptomatic treatment of COVID‐19 could lead to the reactivation of infections of opportunistic pathogens, including . We sought to determine the clinical symptoms and demographic characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2– co‐infection, particularly in patients with severe disease and being treated with immunosuppressive drugs. To do this, we undertook a systematic review of the literature, and searched public accessible scientific databases—the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase –for eligible studies (1 December 2019 to 30 August 2022). The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022377062). Descriptive statistical analyses were used to present the clinical and laboratory parameters of the co‐infection; for this, we calculated prevalence using the following formula: positive cases/total number of cases × 100. Of a total of 593 studies identified, 17 studies reporting 26 co‐infected patients met the criteria for inclusion in this review. The median age of these patients was 55.14 years. Most of cases (53.8%) were treated with dexamethasone, followed by methylprednisolone (26.9%). Eighteen of 26 patients were immigrants living in European countries or the USA; most of these immigrants originated from Latin America (58%) and South‐East Asia (11%). The commonest symptoms of co‐infection were abdominal pain (50%), fever (46.1%), dyspnoea (30.7%) and cough (30.7%), and frequently reported laboratory findings were high absolute eosinophil count (38.4%), high white blood cell count (30.7%), high C‐reactive protein (23.0%) and high neutrophil count (19.2%). Two of the 26 patients (7.7%) had fatal outcomes. Most of the SARS‐CoV‐2– coinfected cases were immigrants living in developed countries, emphasising the need for clinicians in these countries to be aware of clinical and laboratory parameters associated with such co‐infections, as well as the key importance of rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for timely and effective diagnosis and patient management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedN. Aravind Kumar; S. Aradhana; Harleen; M. R. Vishnuraj;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Studies related to clinical diagnosis and research of SARS‐CoV‐2 are important in the current pandemic era. Although molecular biology has emphasised the importance of qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis with nucleic acids in relation to SARS‐CoV‐2 needs to be clearly emphasised, which can provide perspective for viral dynamic studies of SARS‐CoV‐2. In this regard, the requirement and utilization of digital PCR in COVID‐19 research has substantially increased during the pandemic, necessitating the aggregation of its cardinal applications and future scopes. Hence, this meta‐review comprehensively addresses and emphasises the importance of nucleic acid quantification of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA with digital PCR (dPCR). Various quantitative techniques of clinical significance like immunological, proteomic and nucleic acid‐based diagnosis and quantification, have been comparatively discussed. Furthermore, the core part of the article focusses on the working principle and advantages of digital PCR, along with its applications in COVID‐19 research. Several important applications like viral load quantitation, environmental surveillance and assay validation have been extensively investigated and discussed. Certain key future scopes of clinical importance, like mortality prediction, viral/variant‐symbiosis, and antiviral studies were also identified, suggesting several possible digital PCR applications in COVID‐19 research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSetegn Eshetie; Pastor Jullian; Beben Benyamin; S. Hong Lee;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with susceptibility and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, identified SNPs are inconsistent across studies, and there is no compelling consensus that COVID‐19 status is determined by genetic factors. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effect of genetic factors on COVID‐19. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) of SNP effects, and SNP‐based heritability (SNP‐h) of COVID‐19. The analyses were performed using meta‐R package, and Stata version 17. The meta‐analysis included a total of 96,817 COVID‐19 cases and 6,414,916 negative controls. The meta‐analysis showed that a cluster of highly correlated 9 SNPs ( > 0.9) at 3p21.31 gene locus covering and genes was significantly associated with COVID‐19 severity, with a pooled OR of 1.8 [1.5–2.0]. Meanwhile, another 3 SNPs (rs2531743‐G, rs2271616‐T, and rs73062389‐A) within the locus was associated with COVID‐19 susceptibility, with pooled estimates of 0.95 [0.93–0.96], 1.23 [1.19–1.27] and 1.15 [1.13–1.17], respectively. Interestingly, SNPs associated with susceptibility and SNPs associated with severity in this locus are in linkage equilibrium (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMingtao Liu; Zhiman Liang; Zhangkai J. Cheng; Li Liu; Qiwen Liu; Yiyin Mai; Huihuang Chen; Baoying Lei; Shangwei Yu; Huihui Chen; Peiyan Zheng; Baoqing Sun;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
The COVID‐19 pandemic represents an unparalleled global public health crisis. Despite concerted research endeavours, the repertoire of effective treatment options remains limited. However, neutralising‐antibody‐based therapies hold promise across an array of practices, encompassing the prophylaxis and management of acute infectious diseases. Presently, numerous investigations into COVID‐19‐neutralising antibodies are underway around the world, with some studies reaching clinical application stages. The advent of COVID‐19‐neutralising antibodies signifies the dawn of an innovative and promising strategy for treatment against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Comprehensively, our objective is to amalgamate contemporary understanding concerning antibodies targeting various regions, including receptor‐binding domain (RBD), non‐RBD, host cell targets, and cross‐neutralising antibodies. Furthermore, we critically examine the prevailing scientific literature supporting neutralising antibody‐based interventions, and also delve into the functional evaluation of antibodies, with a particular focus on in vitro (vivo) assays. Lastly, we identify and consider several pertinent challenges inherent to the realm of COVID‐19‐neutralising antibody‐based treatments, offering insights into potential future directions for research and development.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 18 August 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Fengying Wei, Ruiyang Zhou, Zhen Jin, Senzhong Huang, Zhihang Peng, Jinjie Wang, Ximing Xu, Xinyan Zhang, Jun Xu, Yao Bai, Xiaoli Wang, Bulai Lu, Zhaojun Wang, Jianguo Xu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 9.08.2023
Tilføjet 9.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 9 August 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Rui Luo
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed