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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1286 emner vises.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to the general population due to their frontline role and direct contact with the infected patients. Accordingly, they were among the first groups to receive vaccination against COVID-19. A higher risk of COVID-19 infection may also exist among hospital staff members other than HCWs. In this study, we assessed the seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination in hospital staff members. Methods This cross-sectional study included 228 staff members of Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, who were recruited from 2020 to 2021. Staff members were vaccinated with vector and inactivated vaccines. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG was measured in their blood samples pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination. Results Of the 228 hospital staff members evaluated in this study (mean age: 37.59 ± 8.70 years), 204 (89.5%) were female and 210 (92.1%) were HCWs. Only one staff member was not vaccinated, the rest received one dose (99.6%), and 224 (98.7%) two doses. Vector vaccines were administered to 71.4% of staff members and 72.9% of HCWs. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was positive in 8.8% of staff members before vaccination, 9.3% after the first dose, and 50% after the second dose. The corresponding percentages were 9.5%, 9.5%, and 48.8% in HCWs. Being a HCW was not associated with the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after the second dose; however, multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the interval between two vaccine doses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.434; 0.816, P = 0.001) and age (aOR = 1.062, 95% CI 1.021; 1.105, P = 0.003) were associated with seroprevalence. Conclusions After receiving a second dose of vector or inactive virus vaccines, our hospital’s staff members and HCWs had a seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of around 50%. Seroprevalence increased with increasing age and shorter intervals between doses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Purpose To identify the key infection processes and risk factors in Computed Tomography (CT) examination process within the standard prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 epidemic, aiming to mitigate cross-infection occurrences in the hospital. Method The case hospital has assembled a team of 30 experts specialized in CT examination. Based on the CT examination process, the potential failure modes were assessed from the perspective of severity (S), occurrence probability (O), and detectability (D); they were then combined with corresponding risk prevention measures. Finally, key infection processes and risk factors were identified according to the risk priority number (RPN) and expert analysis. Results Through the application of RPN and further analysis, four key potential infection processes were identified, including “CT request form (A1),” “during the scan of CT patient (B2),” “CT room and objects disposal (C2),” and “medical waste (garbage) disposal (C3)”. In addition, eight key risk factors were also identified, including “cleaning personnel does not wear masks normatively (C32),” “nurse does not select the vein well, resulting in extravasation of the peripheral vein for enhanced CT (B25),” “patient cannot find the CT room (A13),” “patient has obtained a CT request form but does not know the procedure (A12),” “patient is too unwell to continue with the CT scan (B24),” “auxiliary staff (or technician) does not have a good grasp of the sterilization and disinfection standards (C21),” “auxiliary staff (or technician) does not sterilize the CT machine thoroughly (C22),” and “cleaning personnel lacks of knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control (C33)”. Conclusion Hospitals can publicize the precautions regarding CT examination through various channels, reducing the incidence of CT examination failure. Hospitals’ cleaning services are usually outsourced, and the educational background of the staff employed in these services is generally not high. Therefore, during training and communication, it is more necessary to provide a series of scope and training programs that are aligned with their understanding level. The model developed in this study effectively identifies the key infection prevention process and critical risk factors, enhancing the safety of medical staff and patients. This has significant research implications for the potential epidemic of major infectious diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Introduction It is important to identify the relationship between the COVID-19 vaccination status and the prognosis of this disease in hospitalized patients to gain a more accurate picture of their status and the effect of vaccination, as well as take necessary measures to improve their medical care. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the vaccination status of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the disease severity index in terms of clinical, imaging, and laboratory criteria. Methods This research is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. the study population consisted of patients with a positive RT-PCR test for coronavirus, admitted to COVID-19 departments of teaching hospitals in Yazd, Iran, during two months in the sixth peak of COVID-19. The patients’ data comprised demographic information (age, sex, and underlying disease), clinical information (length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay, and vaccination status), disease outcome (mortality and intubation), laboratory information (ESR, CRP, and NLR), and imaging information (lung involvement percentage), and finally, the relationship between patients’ vaccination status and disease severity indices were analyzed with the chi-square test, independent t-test, and logistic regression analysis at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Findings According to research findings, the duration of hospitalization was 5.25 ± 2.34 and 6.11 ± 3.88 days in groups of patients with complete and incomplete vaccination, respectively (P = 0.003). The lengths of ICU stay were 6 ± 4.63 and 5.23 ± 3.73 days in both groups of patients admitted to the ICU (P = 0.395). Furthermore, there were significant relationships between the ICU admission rates, endotracheal intubation, mortality rate, the lung involvement score in the chest CT scan, and the NLR with the vaccination status.Multivariate regression analysis indicated that DM, IHD, NLR, CT scan score and vaccination status were related to patients’ in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Complete vaccination of COVID-19 led to a milder disease in terms of clinical, imaging, and laboratory criteria of patients and decreased the possibility of hospitalization in ICUs, intubation, and mortality in patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background People who have coronary artery disease are more likely to develop signs and symptoms of COVID-19 due to their special circumstances. Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG)does not cure the disease but reduces the signs and symptoms, therefore, there is a possibility of severe complications of Covid-19 after it. Materials and methods This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from June to July 2020 on 200 patients who underwent CABG from February 2018 to February 2020. The instrument consisted of socio-demographic variables and COVID’s signs and symptoms checklist. Data were collected by census method by telephone. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Mann Whitney U test, and logistic regression model. Results The results showed that the majority of the samples were male (67%). The mean age of them was 62.02 ± 9.06 years and 10% of the m had signs and symptoms of Covid 19. Having the symptoms of COVID-19 is significant in terms of the variables of decreased sense of smell (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background People who have coronary artery disease are more likely to develop signs and symptoms of COVID-19 due to their special circumstances. Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG)does not cure the disease but reduces the signs and symptoms, therefore, there is a possibility of severe complications of Covid-19 after it. Materials and methods This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from June to July 2020 on 200 patients who underwent CABG from February 2018 to February 2020. The instrument consisted of socio-demographic variables and COVID’s signs and symptoms checklist. Data were collected by census method by telephone. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Mann Whitney U test, and logistic regression model. Results The results showed that the majority of the samples were male (67%). The mean age of them was 62.02 ± 9.06 years and 10% of the m had signs and symptoms of Covid 19. Having the symptoms of COVID-19 is significant in terms of the variables of decreased sense of smell (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Hospital admission outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings are understudied. We describe in-hospital mortality and associated clinical-demographic factors among PLHIV admitted at a tertiary-level public hospital in Uganda. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV admitted at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital between March 2020 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of PLHIV who had died during hospitalization and performed logistic regression modelling to identify predictors of mortality. Results Of the 5,827 hospitalized PLHIV, the median age was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–49) and 3,293 (56.51%) were female. The median CD4 + cell count was 109 cells/µL (IQR 25–343). At admission, 3,710 (63.67%) were active on antiretroviral therapy (ART); 1,144 (19.63%) had interrupted ART > 3 months and 973 (16.70%) were ART naïve. In-hospital mortality was 26% (1,524) with a median time-to-death of 3 days (IQR 1–7). Factors associated with mortality (with adjusted odds ratios) included ART interruption, 1.33, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.13–1.57, p 0.001; CD4 + counts ≤ 200 cells/µL 1.59, 95%CI 1.33–1.91, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Hospital admission outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings are understudied. We describe in-hospital mortality and associated clinical-demographic factors among PLHIV admitted at a tertiary-level public hospital in Uganda. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV admitted at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital between March 2020 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of PLHIV who had died during hospitalization and performed logistic regression modelling to identify predictors of mortality. Results Of the 5,827 hospitalized PLHIV, the median age was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–49) and 3,293 (56.51%) were female. The median CD4 + cell count was 109 cells/µL (IQR 25–343). At admission, 3,710 (63.67%) were active on antiretroviral therapy (ART); 1,144 (19.63%) had interrupted ART > 3 months and 973 (16.70%) were ART naïve. In-hospital mortality was 26% (1,524) with a median time-to-death of 3 days (IQR 1–7). Factors associated with mortality (with adjusted odds ratios) included ART interruption, 1.33, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.13–1.57, p 0.001; CD4 + counts ≤ 200 cells/µL 1.59, 95%CI 1.33–1.91, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Hospital admission outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings are understudied. We describe in-hospital mortality and associated clinical-demographic factors among PLHIV admitted at a tertiary-level public hospital in Uganda. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV admitted at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital between March 2020 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of PLHIV who had died during hospitalization and performed logistic regression modelling to identify predictors of mortality. Results Of the 5,827 hospitalized PLHIV, the median age was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–49) and 3,293 (56.51%) were female. The median CD4 + cell count was 109 cells/µL (IQR 25–343). At admission, 3,710 (63.67%) were active on antiretroviral therapy (ART); 1,144 (19.63%) had interrupted ART > 3 months and 973 (16.70%) were ART naïve. In-hospital mortality was 26% (1,524) with a median time-to-death of 3 days (IQR 1–7). Factors associated with mortality (with adjusted odds ratios) included ART interruption, 1.33, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.13–1.57, p 0.001; CD4 + counts ≤ 200 cells/µL 1.59, 95%CI 1.33–1.91, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShishi Wu, Yanhong Li, Stefan Baral, Sharmistha Mishra, Maria Koh, Haley Golding, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Xiaolin Wei
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
by Shishi Wu, Yanhong Li, Stefan Baral, Sharmistha Mishra, Maria Koh, Haley Golding, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Xiaolin Wei Background Evidence on protection of different patterns of infection- and vaccine-acquired immunity against Omicron-associated severe illness is useful in planning booster vaccination strategies. We examined protection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, a third or a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose, and hybrid immunity against Omicron-associated severe illness. Methods and findings This population-based cohort study followed five million individuals with at least one SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test before November 21, 2021 until an Omicron-associatedhospitalization or death. We used Cox regression models to estimate risks of Omicron-associated hospitalization and a composite severe outcome (hospitalized and death), among individuals with infection- and/or vaccination-acquired immunity. Individuals who were unvaccinated and had no history of a prior infection severed as the reference group. Both adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding protection (one minus adjusted HR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were reported. Three doses provided 94% (95%CI 93–95) and 93% (95%CI 91–94) protection against Omicron-associated hospitalization at 2–3 and ≥3 months post-vaccination respectively, similar to the protection conferred by three doses and a prior infection (2–3 months: 99%, 95%CI 97–100; ≥3 months: 97%, 95%CI 92–99) and four doses (1 month: 87%, 95%CI 79–92; 1–2 months: 96%, 95%CI 92–98). In individuals ≥65 years old, protection of four doses increased to 95% (95%CI 91–98) at 1–2 months, significantly higher than that of three doses over the follow-up period. Similar results were observed with the composite severe outcome. Conclusion At least three antigenic exposures, achieved by vaccination or infection, confers significant protection against Omicron-associated hospitalization and death in all age groups. Our findings support a third dose for the overall population, regardless of prior infection status, and a fourth dose for the elderly to maintain high level of immunity and substantially reduce risk of severe illness at individual level.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBruno Martins Tomazini, Lucas Tramujas, Fernando Azevedo Medrado Junior, Samara Pinheiro do Carmo Gomes, Karina Leal Negrelli, Gabriela Souza Murinize, Renato Hideo Nakagawa Santos, Bruna Martins Pereira Vianna, Bruna Fornazieri Piotto, Thabata Silva Veiga, Bianca Rodrigues do Santos, Ana Clara Peneluppi Horak, Olivia Mora Cavalcante Lemos, Marcela de Almeida Lopes, Beatriz Baptista Olicheski, Diego Lurentt Campones, Luiz Angelo Alencar Peixoto, Aline dos Anjos Chaves Basilio, Otavio Celso Eluf Gebara, Ana Tarina Alvarez Lopes, Humberto Saconato, Nanci Valeis, Tamiris Abait Miranda, Ligia Nasi Laranjeira, Eliana Vieira Santucci, Aaron Foster Carlin, Jeffrey David Esko, Phillip Leo Stephan Marie Gordts, Sotirios Tsimikas, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
by Bruno Martins Tomazini, Lucas Tramujas, Fernando Azevedo Medrado Junior, Samara Pinheiro do Carmo Gomes, Karina Leal Negrelli, Gabriela Souza Murinize, Renato Hideo Nakagawa Santos, Bruna Martins Pereira Vianna, Bruna Fornazieri Piotto, Thabata Silva Veiga, Bianca Rodrigues do Santos, Ana Clara Peneluppi Horak, Olivia Mora Cavalcante Lemos, Marcela de Almeida Lopes, Beatriz Baptista Olicheski, Diego Lurentt Campones, Luiz Angelo Alencar Peixoto, Aline dos Anjos Chaves Basilio, Otavio Celso Eluf Gebara, Ana Tarina Alvarez Lopes, Humberto Saconato, Nanci Valeis, Tamiris Abait Miranda, Ligia Nasi Laranjeira, Eliana Vieira Santucci, Aaron Foster Carlin, Jeffrey David Esko, Phillip Leo Stephan Marie Gordts, Sotirios Tsimikas, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti Background Halofuginone (PJS-539) is an oral prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor that has a potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. The safety and efficacy of halofuginone in Covid-19 patients has not been studied. Methods We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose ranging, safety and tolerability trial of halofuginone in symptomatic (≤ 7 days), mostly vaccinated, non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19. Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive halofuginone 0.5mg, 1mg or placebo orally once daily for 10 days. The primary outcome was the decay rate of the SARS-CoV-2 viral load logarithmic curve within 10 days after randomization. Results From September 25, 2021, to February 3, 2022, 153 patients were randomized. The mean decay rate in SARS-CoV-2 viral load log10 within 10 days was -3.75 (95% CI, -4.11; -3.19) in the placebo group, -3.83 (95% CI, -4.40; -2.27) in the halofuginone 0.5mg group and -4.13 (95% CI, -4.69; -3.57) in the halofuginone 1mg group, with no statistically significant difference in between placebo vs. halofuginone 0.5mg (mean difference -0.08; 95% CI -0.82 to 0.66, p = 0.96) and between placebo vs. halofuginone 1mg (mean difference -0.38; 95% CI, -1.11; 0.36, p = 0.41). There was no difference on bleeding episodes or serious adverse events at 28 days. Conclusions Among non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19 halofuginone treatment was safe and well tolerated but did not decrease SARS-CoV-2 viral load decay rate within 10 days.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
Abstract Background We assessed associations between binding antibody (bAb) concentration
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZiyad Al-Aly and Eric Topol
Science, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
Rageshri Dhairyawan
Lancet, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
In 2021, Breathtaking, palliative care consultant Rachel Clarke\'s memoir about the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, movingly captured the lived experiences of health-care workers in the UK\'s National Health Service (NHS). With co-writers Jed Mercurio and Prasanna Puwanarajah, who are both former physicians, Clarke has now adapted her book for television. This visual medium gives the narrative a power to reach further than the book to validate not only the experiences of staff, but also service users, and to speak to a wider audience.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSanne Kaelen, Wilma van den Boogaard, Umberto Pellecchia, Sofie Spiers, Caroline De Cramer, Gwennin Demaegd, Edouard Fouqueray, Rafael Van den Bergh, Stephanie Goublomme, Tom Decroo, Muriel Quinet, Elke Van Hoof, Bertrand Draguez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
by Sanne Kaelen, Wilma van den Boogaard, Umberto Pellecchia, Sofie Spiers, Caroline De Cramer, Gwennin Demaegd, Edouard Fouqueray, Rafael Van den Bergh, Stephanie Goublomme, Tom Decroo, Muriel Quinet, Elke Van Hoof, Bertrand Draguez
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAugustine Ngmenemandel Balegha, Suburu Abdul-Aziz, Louis Mornah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
by Augustine Ngmenemandel Balegha, Suburu Abdul-Aziz, Louis Mornah Introduction The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccination has been identified as one of the most effective strategies for combating COVID-19. Positive perceptions and attitudes of HCPs towards the COVID-19 vaccination are essential to vaccine uptake and adherence. However, the perceptions and attitudes of HCPs towards the COVID-19 vaccination remain largely unexplored. We therefore assessed healthcare professionals’ perceptions, attitudes, and predictors of their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in the Wa Municipality, Upper West Region of Ghana. Methods In 2023, from January 16th to February 28th, we administered a multi-centre e-survey to a cross-section of 403 healthcare professionals in Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region, Ghana. We used STATA version 13 to analyze the data. Frequencies, percentages, and composite scores were used to assess perceptions and attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination. Hierarchical binary logistic regression modeling was then used to determine the predictors of attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination. Results The healthcare professionals had positive perceptions [6.00; IQR = 4.00–7.00] and attitudes [5.00; IQR = 4.00–5.00] towards theCOVID-19 vaccination. Positive perception [aOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.14–2.87, p < 0.05], female sex [aOR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.35–0.97, p < 0.05], marital status [aOR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.20–3.12; p < 0.01], having a bachelor’s degree or higher [aOR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.01–4.12; p < 0.05], and working in the Wa North sub-Municipal area [aOR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.05–0.96; p < 0.05] were statistically significantly associated with attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion The healthcare professionals’ perceptions and attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination were positive but suboptimal. We recommend regular education on COVID-19 vaccine benefits, safety, and efficacy. Enabling the work environment and addressing vaccine availability and accessibility for healthcare professionals should also be prioritized. These measures should particularly focus on female, single healthcare professionals who possess below a bachelor’s degree and are working in the Wa North sub-municipal area.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedArrani Senthinathan, Stephanie Cimino, Susan B. Jaglal, B. Catharine Craven, Karen Tu, Sara Guilcher
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
by Arrani Senthinathan, Stephanie Cimino, Susan B. Jaglal, B. Catharine Craven, Karen Tu, Sara Guilcher Background Individuals with spinal cord injuries or disease (SCI/D) require frequent healthcare services. The COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted healthcare. Furthermore, due to secondary health conditions and comorbidities persons with SCI/D are at increased risk of experiencing severe symptoms or outcomes if infected with the COVID-19 virus. It is unclear to what extent research has investigated the pandemic and virus impacts on the SCI/D population. Objective To identify and summarize what is reported in the literature on the impact the COVID-19 virus and pandemic had on healthcare, health outcomes, and experiences in the adult SCI/D population. Methods Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for articles that included an adult population with a SCI/D and investigated the impact the COVID-19 virus and pandemic had on healthcare-related outcomes and experiences. Articles were double screened, and data were extracted, and synthesized to provide a descriptive summary of the findings. Results Twenty-four studies were included in this review with eight qualitative, fifteen quantitative, and one mixed methods study. Sixteen studies investigated healthcare utilization/access; nine investigated care delivery, nine investigated patient outcomes, and eight investigated patient experiences, with multiple studies spanning different categories of investigation. The pandemic was detrimental to healthcare utilization, access, and outcomes, but no studies quantified these changes. Virtual care was well-received by the SCI/D population to maintain continuity of care. The SCI/D population had issues with maintaining caregiving support. It was unclear if the COVID-19 virus infection impacted individuals with SCI/D differently than the general population. Conclusions This scoping review found the pandemic negatively impacted multiple aspects of healthcare in individuals with SCI/D, however further investigation on health outcomes is required. More research, particularly large-scale quantitative studies, investigating healthcare access, utilization, and delivery, as well as patient outcomes and experiences is needed to improve care in the SCI/D population post-pandemic onset.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTomáš Fürst, Angelika Bazalová, Tadeáš Fryčák, Jaroslav Janošek
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
Vaccination against COVID-19 was the key measure in battling the pandemic and its effectiveness against death and severe course has been demonstrated in a multitude of studies. However, a vast majority of these studies (apart from registration studies) were observational. It has been proposed that observational studies are subject to inherent biases, including differences in testing strategies between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups or in determining the cause of death (with COVID vs due to COVID)[1,2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Background People who have coronary artery disease are more likely to develop signs and symptoms of COVID-19 due to their special circumstances. Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG)does not cure the disease but reduces the signs and symptoms, therefore, there is a possibility of severe complications of Covid-19 after it. Materials and methods This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from June to July 2020 on 200 patients who underwent CABG from February 2018 to February 2020. The instrument consisted of socio-demographic variables and COVID’s signs and symptoms checklist. Data were collected by census method by telephone. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Mann Whitney U test, and logistic regression model. Results The results showed that the majority of the samples were male (67%). The mean age of them was 62.02 ± 9.06 years and 10% of the m had signs and symptoms of Covid 19. Having the symptoms of COVID-19 is significant in terms of the variables of decreased sense of smell (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Background Hospital admission outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings are understudied. We describe in-hospital mortality and associated clinical-demographic factors among PLHIV admitted at a tertiary-level public hospital in Uganda. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV admitted at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital between March 2020 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of PLHIV who had died during hospitalization and performed logistic regression modelling to identify predictors of mortality. Results Of the 5,827 hospitalized PLHIV, the median age was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–49) and 3,293 (56.51%) were female. The median CD4 + cell count was 109 cells/µL (IQR 25–343). At admission, 3,710 (63.67%) were active on antiretroviral therapy (ART); 1,144 (19.63%) had interrupted ART > 3 months and 973 (16.70%) were ART naïve. In-hospital mortality was 26% (1,524) with a median time-to-death of 3 days (IQR 1–7). Factors associated with mortality (with adjusted odds ratios) included ART interruption, 1.33, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.13–1.57, p 0.001; CD4 + counts ≤ 200 cells/µL 1.59, 95%CI 1.33–1.91, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Background Ghana’s mask-wearing compliance with COVID-19 prevention protocols has not been as impressive among the general population. In this study, we examined factors influencing compliance with mask-wearing among public university students in Ghana to make recommendations for the prevention of new COVID-19 infections in public universities. Methods We conducted this Census in a public university in Ghana between January and December 2022. The study design was an exploratory-cross-sectional and online survey. Structured questionnaires developed by the authors were used to collect data from 3,272 students. Data were analyzed with Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). Frequency distributions were used to summarize the data into tables and graphs whilst logistic regression analysis was done to examine the factors influencing compliance with mask-wearing among participants as well as their mask-wearing behaviors in school. Results Compliance with mask-wearing measures was high with 85.9% of the students wearing a nose mask always or often. Agreeing that the reusable masks do not last long was associated with a reduced chance of non-compliance (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.86). However, agreeing with some challenges was associated with increased chances of non-compliance. These included concerns that it is boring to mask after wearing makeup or having a haircut (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.37, 2.14), and that masking is burdensome because it has to be removed when talking (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.01, 1.57), and that it is difficult to hear while masked (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.79). Conclusion Cost-benefit analyses, opinions about one’s look, and communication difficulties are the key factors influencing students’ non-compliance with mask-wearing regulations. To encourage student compliance with mask-wearing regulations at Ghana’s public universities, we recommend innovation in nose mask manufacture.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Background Over a dozen vaccines are in or have completed phase III trials at an unprecedented speed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. In this review, we aimed to compare and rank these vaccines indirectly in terms of efficacy and safety using a network meta-analysis. Methods We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library for phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from their inception to September 30, 2023. Two investigators independently selected articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Outcomes included efficacy in preventing symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) according to vaccine type and individual vaccines in adults and elderly individuals. The risk ratio and mean differences were calculated with 95% confidence intervals using a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Results A total of 25 RCTs involving 22 vaccines were included in the study. None of vaccines had a higher incidence of SAEs than the placebo. Inactivated virus vaccines might be the safest, with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 0.16. BIV1-CovIran showed the highest safety index (SUCRA value: 0.13), followed by BBV152, Soberana, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ZF2001. There were no significant differences among the various types of vaccines regarding the efficacy in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, although there was a trend toward higher efficacy of the mRNA vaccines (SUCRA value: 0.09). BNT162b2 showed the highest efficacy (SUCRA value: 0.02) among the individual vaccines, followed by mRNA-1273, Abdala, Gam-COVID-Vac, and NVX-CoV2373. BNT162b2 had the highest efficacy (SUCRA value: 0.08) in the elderly population, whereas CVnCoV, CoVLP + AS03, and CoronaVac were not significantly different from the placebo. Conclusions None of the different types of vaccines were significantly superior in terms of efficacy, while mRNA vaccines were significantly inferior in safety to other types. BNT162b2 had the highest efficacy in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults and the elderly, whereas BIV1-CovIran had the lowest incidence of SAEs in adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was associated with potentially life-threatening complications. Among patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), those who underwent HSCT had a worse prognosis than those who did not. Advances in HSCT and critical care management have improved the prognosis of ECMO-supported HSCT patients. Case The patient in the remission stage of lymphoma after 22 months of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, suffered from ARDS, severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and long-term COVID-19. We evaluated the benefits and risks of ECMO for the patient, including the possibility of being free from ECMO, the status of malignancy, the interval from HSCT to ARDS, the function of the graft, the amount of organ failure, and the comorbidities. ECMO was ultimately used to save his life. Conclusions We did not advocate for the general use of ECMO in HSCT patients and we believed that highly selected patients, with well-controlled tumors, few comorbidities, and fewer risk factors for death, tended to benefit from ECMO with well ICU management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Background In November 2021, the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in South Africa and subsequently rapidly spread around the world. Despite the reduced severity of the omicron variants, many patients become severely ill after infection and undergo invasive mechanical ventilation, but there are few reports on their background and prognosis throughout all variant periods. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors affecting patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation with each variant of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan from nonvariants to omicron variants. Method This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Hospital and Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan, from March 2020 to March 2023. Eligible patients were those who underwent invasive ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia. We set the primary endpoint as in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for clinically important variables was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Results We included 377 patients: 118 in the Nonvariant group, 154 in the Alpha group, 42 in the Delta group, and 63 patients in the Omicron group. Mortality rates for each group were 23.7% for the Nonvariant group, 12.3% for the Alpha group, 7.1% for the Delta group, and 30.5% for the Omicron group. Patient age was significantly associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.097; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.057–0.138, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCélia Regina Malveste ItoMônica Oliveira SantosMarcos de Oliveira CunhaKelliane Martins de AraújoGuilherme Rocha Lino de SouzaGeovana Sôffa RézioPollyanna Neta de BritoAlana Parreira Costa RezendeJakeline Godinho FonsecaIsabela Jubé WastowskiJosé Daniel Gonçalves VieiraMelissa Ameloti Gomes AvelinoLilian Carla Carneiroa Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás– 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazilb Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biologic Science Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Camp, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazilc State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazild Molecular Immunology Laboratory of Goiás State University, Laranjeiras Unity Prof. Alfredo de Castro neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazile Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Goiás, Universitaria Avenue, Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Virulence, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Carly Herbert, David D. McManus, Apurv Soni
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 8, Page 764-765, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNew England Journal of Medicine, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 8, Page 771-772, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNew England Journal of Medicine, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 8, Page 772-772, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiadi Gan, Huohuo Zhang, Jiaxuan Wu, Yi Liu, Pingping Liu, Ruixin Cheng, Xiumei Tang, Linhui Yang, Wenxin Luo, Weimin Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Calvet, G. A., Kara, E., Gonsalves, L., Seuc, A. H., de Oliveira, R. d. V. C., Thwin, S. S., Gomez Ponce de Leon, R., Gamez, M. C., Pena, G. M., Pendas, B. V. R., Alzugaray, M. G., Carballo, G. O., Cala, D. C., Guimaraes, P. M. Q., Bonet, M., Taylor, M., Thorson, A., Kim, C., Ali, M., Broutet, N.
BMJ Open, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
ObjectiveTo identify and summarise the evidence on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection and persistence in body fluids associated with sexual activity (saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, urine and faeces/rectal secretion). EligibilityAll studies that reported detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, urine and faeces/rectal swabs. Information sourcesThe WHO COVID-19 database from inception to 20 April 2022. Risk of bias assessmentThe National Institutes of Health tools. Synthesis of resultsThe proportion of patients with positive results for SARS-CoV-2 and the proportion of patients with a viral duration/persistence of at least 14 days in each fluid was calculated using fixed or random effects models. Included studiesA total of 182 studies with 10 023 participants. ResultsThe combined proportion of individuals with detection of SARS-CoV-2 was 82.6% (95% CI: 68.8% to 91.0%) in saliva, 1.6% (95% CI: 0.9% to 2.6%) in semen, 2.7% (95% CI: 1.8% to 4.0%) in vaginal secretion, 3.8% (95% CI: 1.9% to 7.6%) in urine and 31.8% (95% CI: 26.4% to 37.7%) in faeces/rectal swabs. The maximum viral persistence for faeces/rectal secretions was 210 days, followed by semen 121 days, saliva 112 days, urine 77 days and vaginal secretions 13 days. Culturable SARS-CoV-2 was positive for saliva and faeces. LimitationsScarcity of longitudinal studies with follow-up until negative results. InterpretationSARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in all fluids associated with sexual activity but was rare in semen and vaginal secretions. Ongoing droplet precautions and awareness of the potential risk of contact with faecal matter/rectal mucosa are needed. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020204741.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElmahdi, R., Ward, D., Ernst, M. T., Poulsen, G., Hallas, J., Pottegard, A., Jess, T.
BMJ Open, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
ObjectivePatients receiving immunosuppressives have been excluded from trials for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy. Investigation of immunosuppressants’ impact on effectiveness of vaccines, particularly in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), is therefore required. DesignWe performed a nationwide cohort study to assess the risk of COVID-19 infection in vaccinated patients with IMID exposed to immunosuppressives compared with IMID unexposed to immunosuppressives. Exposure to immunosuppressives in the 120 days before receiving the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination was assessed. Patients were followed from date of second vaccination and weighted Cox models were used to estimate the risk of infection associated with immunosuppressives. Secondary outcomes included hospitalisation and death associated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Risk of infection by immunosuppressant drug class was also analysed. SettingThis study used population-representative data from Danish national health registries in the period from 1 January to 30 November 2021. ResultsOverall, 152 440 patients were followed over 19 341 person years. Immunosuppressants were associated with a significantly increased risk of infection across IMID (HR: 1.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.5), in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (HR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.9) and arthropathy (HR: 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) but not psoriasis (HR: 1.1, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.4). Immunosuppressants were also associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation across IMID (HR: 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0), particularly in IBD (HR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.1). No significantly increased risk of death in immunosuppressant exposed patients was identified. Analyses by immunosuppressant drug class showed increased COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF), systemic corticosteroid, and rituximab and other immunosuppressants in vaccinated patients with IMID. ConclusionImmunosuppressive therapies reduced effectiveness of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against infection and hospitalisation in patients with IMID. Anti-TNF, systemic corticosteroids, and rituximab and other immunosuppressants were particularly associated with these risks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiang, J., Liu, Y., Han, P., Zhang, P., Shao, H., Dai, Z., Zhuang, Y.
BMJ Open, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the post-traumatic growth of emergency nurses (ENs) in Shanghai, China, in 2022 following the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignA phenomenological qualitative research approach was employed, with 17 ENs being interviewed between July and August 2022. Data collection was conducted through semistructured, in-depth interviews, and data analysis was carried out using the Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method. SettingA third-level hospital in Shanghai. ParticipantsA total of 17 ENs were interviewed through face-to-face, semistructured, in-depth interviews. ResultsThree main themes and eight subthemes were extracted from the data: (a) stress, (b) restructuring and (c) growth. ConclusionSignificant stress was imposed on ENs by the Shanghai COVID-19 pandemic, but cognitive restructuring was successfully undergone by them, leading to the experience of growth. It is recommended that post-traumatic growth levels be enhanced through professional psychological counselling and tailored support measures for different stages.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRostron, H., Wright, J. M., Gilbert, A. W., Dillon, B., Pini, S., Redmond, A. C., Livermore, P.
BMJ Open, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
IntroductionCOVID-19 catalysed a rapid move to provide care away from the hospital using online communication platforms. Technology enabled care (TEC) continues to be an important driver in progressing future healthcare services. Due to the complex and chronic nature of conditions seen within paediatric rheumatology, TEC may lead to better outcomes. Despite some growth in published literature into the adoption of TEC in paediatric rheumatology, there is limited synthesis. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of the adoption of TEC by patients in paediatric rheumatology services, to establish best practices. Methods and analysisThis proposed mixed-methods systematic review will be conducted by searching a wide variety of healthcare databases, grey literature resources and associated charities and societies, for articles reported in English language. Data extraction will include population demographics, technology intervention, factors affecting adoption of intervention and consequent study outcomes. A parallel-results convergent synthesis design is planned, with independent syntheses of quantitative and qualitative data, followed by comparison of the findings of each synthesis using a narrative approach. Normalisation process theory will be used to identify, characterise and explain implementation factors. The quality of included articles will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for research papers and the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance checklist for grey literature. Overall confidence in quality and strength of evidence will be assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research tool. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required due to the nature of this mixed-methods systematic review. The findings will be disseminated via a peer-reviewed journal, relevant conferences and any other methods (eg, via NHS Trust or NIHR YouTube channels) as advised by paediatric rheumatology patients. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023443058.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Purpose This aimed to identify the factors associated with severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods Two-hundred RA patients diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria with proven COVID-19 infection were recruited and categorized according to the world health organization (WHO) COVID-19 severity grading into 2 groups: patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 (n = 164) and patients with severe/critical COVID-19 (n = 36). Comparison between both groups was done to identify the risk factors associated with severe/critical infection. Incidence of RA disease activity flare defined as increase in clinical disease activity index (CDAI) more than 10 points following infection was calculated. Results Multivariate analysis identified history of previous serious infection, age > 60 years, and diabetes as factors positively associated, whereas COVID-19 vaccination was negatively associated with severe/critical infection. Following COVID-19 infection, the number of patients with severe/critical COVID-19 who had high RA disease activity and the incidence of flares was significantly higher in comparison to patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 (P 60 years, diabetes, and history of previous serious infections are risk factors for severe/critical COVID-19, while vaccination has a protective role in RA patients. Infection particularly when severe is associated with risk of disease flare.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Background Over a dozen vaccines are in or have completed phase III trials at an unprecedented speed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. In this review, we aimed to compare and rank these vaccines indirectly in terms of efficacy and safety using a network meta-analysis. Methods We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library for phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from their inception to September 30, 2023. Two investigators independently selected articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Outcomes included efficacy in preventing symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) according to vaccine type and individual vaccines in adults and elderly individuals. The risk ratio and mean differences were calculated with 95% confidence intervals using a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Results A total of 25 RCTs involving 22 vaccines were included in the study. None of vaccines had a higher incidence of SAEs than the placebo. Inactivated virus vaccines might be the safest, with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 0.16. BIV1-CovIran showed the highest safety index (SUCRA value: 0.13), followed by BBV152, Soberana, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ZF2001. There were no significant differences among the various types of vaccines regarding the efficacy in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, although there was a trend toward higher efficacy of the mRNA vaccines (SUCRA value: 0.09). BNT162b2 showed the highest efficacy (SUCRA value: 0.02) among the individual vaccines, followed by mRNA-1273, Abdala, Gam-COVID-Vac, and NVX-CoV2373. BNT162b2 had the highest efficacy (SUCRA value: 0.08) in the elderly population, whereas CVnCoV, CoVLP + AS03, and CoronaVac were not significantly different from the placebo. Conclusions None of the different types of vaccines were significantly superior in terms of efficacy, while mRNA vaccines were significantly inferior in safety to other types. BNT162b2 had the highest efficacy in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults and the elderly, whereas BIV1-CovIran had the lowest incidence of SAEs in adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBenjamin A. Krishna, Eleanor Y. Lim, Marina Metaxaki, Sarah Jackson, Lenette Mactavous, NIHR BioResource, Paul A. Lyons, Rainer Doffinger, John R. Bradley, Kenneth G. C. Smith, John Sinclair, Nicholas J. Matheson, Paul J. Lehner, Nyaradzai Sithole, Mark R. Wills
Science Advances, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract BACKGROUND Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae), often associated with wounds, can rarely cause infective endocarditis (IE). Five patients with C. diphtheriae IE were identified within 12 months at a Seattle-based hospital system. We reviewed prior C. diphtheriae positive cultures to determine if detections had increased over time and evaluated epidemiologic trends.METHODS We conducted a formal electronic health record search to identify all patients ≥ 18 years of age with C. diphtheriae detected in a clinical specimen (i.e. wound, blood, sputum) between September 1, 2020–April 1, 2023. We collected patient demographics, housing status, comorbidities, substance use history and level of medical care required at detection. We extracted laboratory data on susceptibilities of C. diphtheriae isolates, and on other pathogens detected at the time of C. diphtheriae identification.RESULTS Between September 1, 2020–April 1, 2023, 44 patients (median age 44 years) had a C. diphtheriae-positive clinical culture, with most detections occurring after March 2022. Patients were predominantly male (75%), White (66%), unstably housed (77%), and had a lifetime history of injecting drugs (75%). Most C. diphtheriae positive cultures were polymicrobial, including wound cultures from 36 (82%) patients and blood cultures from 6 (14%) patients, not mutually exclusive. Thirty-four patients (77%), including all five patients with C. diphtheriae IE, required hospital admission for C. diphtheriae or a related condition. Of the five patients with IE, three died of IE and one from COVID-19.CONCLUSION Findings suggest a high-morbidity outbreak disproportionately affecting patients who use substances and are unstably housed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract Introduction Intussusception is the primary cause of acute bowel obstruction in infants. The majority of cases under 2 years of age are classed as idiopathic with viral infection implicated as one of the causes. COVID-19 public health measures led to significant decreases in communicable disease prevalence. During these times, reductions in intussusception frequency were reported - reductions greater than would be expected with our previous understanding of its infectious aetiology.Methods We conducted a retrospective, multi-state, ecological study over a twelve-year period. Monthly case numbers of ICD-10-AM K56.1 ‘Intussusception’ coded admissions were acquired from state-wide admissions datasets from New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Queensland, representing 77.62% of the eligible Australian population. These counts within differing jurisdictional lockdowns were compared to non-lockdown periods in order to investigate a correlation between intussusception frequency and lockdown periods.Results We found a negative association between intussusception frequency and lockdown periods in both eligible states. The largest reductions were seen in the under 2 year age groups with Victoria experiencing a 62.7% reduction (Rate ratio (RR) = 0.37, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
To the Editor— From early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it became evident that the natural disease course undergoes different stages, from an initial mild viral phase to a more severe inflammatory phase and ultimately to a critical thromboinflammatory phase, often corresponding to acute respiratory distress syndrome in hospitalized patients. Most treatment guidelines have kept these disease stages in their algorithms, generally recommending early antiviral treatment for the mild to moderate disease, and immunomodulatory treatment for severe to critical disease [1]. However, as the virus has changed from pre-omicron to omicron variants, and the target population from immunologically naive to mostly vaccinated or recovered, these phases are less distinct [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract Background Persistent mortality in adults hospitalized due to acute COVID-19 justifies pursuit of disease mechanisms and potential therapies. The aim was to evaluate which virus and host response factors were associated with mortality risk among participants in Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO/ACTIV-3) trials.Methods A secondary analysis of 2625 adults hospitalized for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection randomized to 1 of 5 antiviral products or matched placebo in 114 centers on 4 continents. Uniform, site-level collection of participant baseline clinical variables was performed. Research laboratories assayed baseline upper respiratory swabs for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and plasma for anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (viral Ag), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Associations between factors and time to mortality by 90 days were assessed using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.Results Viral Ag ≥4500 ng/L (vs
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJacob Rosén, Peter Frykholm, Malin Jonsson Fagerlund, Mariangela Pellegrini, Francesca Campoccia Jalde, Erik von Oelreich, Diddi Fors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
by Jacob Rosén, Peter Frykholm, Malin Jonsson Fagerlund, Mariangela Pellegrini, Francesca Campoccia Jalde, Erik von Oelreich, Diddi Fors Background The effects of awake prone positioning (APP) on respiratory mechanics in patients with COVID-19 are not well characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate changes of global and regional lung volumes during APP compared with the supine position using electrical lung impedance tomography (EIT) in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Materials and methods This exploratory non-randomized cross-over study was conducted at two university hospitals in Sweden between January and May 2021. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit with confirmed COVID-19, an arterial cannula in place, a PaO2/FiO2 ratio
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThomas Yau, McKyla McIntyre, Josh Chan, Damanveer Bhogal, Angie Andreoli, Mark Bayley, Carl Froilan D. Leochico, Ailene Kua, Meiqi Guo, Sarah Munce
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
by Thomas Yau, McKyla McIntyre, Josh Chan, Damanveer Bhogal, Angie Andreoli, Mark Bayley, Carl Froilan D. Leochico, Ailene Kua, Meiqi Guo, Sarah Munce Objective This scoping review aims to map the existing research on adverse events during the delivery of telerehabilitation. Introduction Telerehabilitation, a subset of telemedicine, has gained traction during the COVID-19 pandemic as a means to deliver rehabilitation services remotely. However, there exists a research gap as there has yet to be any scoping review, systematic review, or meta-analysis published to identify and summarize the current primary research on adverse events related to telerehabilitation as a whole. It is important to understand how adverse events, such as falls during physiotherapy or aspiration pneumonia during speech language pathology sessions, are associated with telerehabilitation delivery. This will help to identify key limitations for optimizing telerehabilitation delivery by allowing for the development of key risk-mitigation measures and quality indicators. It can also help improve the uptake of telerehabilitation among clinicians and patients. This review aims to fill this research gap by conducting a search of published literature on adverse events in telerehabilitation. Anticipated key findings of this scoping review include identifying the characteristics and frequencies of adverse events during telerehabilitation, the patient populations and types of telerehabilitation associated with the most adverse events, and the quality of reporting of adverse events. Methods The review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological framework and adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The review protocol has been registered and published on Open Science Framework. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented across multiple databases (MEDLINE ALL, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and CINAHL). All stages (screening, extraction, and synthesis) will be conducted in duplicate and independently, with data extraction following the TIDieR framework, along with authors, year of publication (before or after COVID), population and sample size, and specific mode/s of telerehabilitation delivery. For synthesis, data will be summarized quantitatively using numerical counts and qualitatively via content analysis. The data will be grouped by intervention type and by type of adverse event. Inclusion Criteria This scoping review will include qualitative and quantitative studies published between 2013 and 2023, written in English, and conducted in any geographic area. All modes of telerehabilitation delivery (asynchronous, synchronous, or hybrid) will be included. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, commentaries, protocols, opinion pieces, conference abstracts, and case series with fewer than five participants will be excluded.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHye Su Jeong, Byung Chul Chun
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
by Hye Su Jeong, Byung Chul Chun Background To properly assess an association between vaccines and specific adverse events requires a comparison between the observed and background rates; however, studies in South Korea are currently limited. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the background incidence of anaphylaxis, myocarditis, pericarditis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and mortality in South Korea. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Sample Cohort (NSC) data. Using NSC, the background incidence rate was estimated by dividing the number of episodes during 2009–2019 by the total population by year and then multiplying by 100,000. Using Statistics Korea data, the background mortality rate was estimated by dividing the number of deaths, during 2009–2019 by the standard population for that year and then multiplying by 100,000. Using background mortality rates, we predicted mortality rates for 2021 using autoregressive integrated moving average models. Further, the expected mortality rates were compared with observed mortality rates. Results The age-adjusted incidence rate (AIR) of anaphylaxis increased from 4.28 to 22.90 cases per 100,000 population (p = 0.003); myocarditis showed no significant increase, changing from 0.56 to 1.26 cases per 100,000 population (p = 0.276); pericarditis increased from 0.94 to 1.88 cases per 100,000 population (p = 0.005); and GBS increased from 0.78 to 1.21 cases per 100,000 population (p = 0.013). The age-adjusted mortality rate decreased from 645.24 to 475.70 deaths per 100,000 population (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHeather Leggett, Karen Vinall-Collier, Julia Csikar, Sophy Barber, Rachel Carr, Amrit Bhatti, Sue Pavitt
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
by Heather Leggett, Karen Vinall-Collier, Julia Csikar, Sophy Barber, Rachel Carr, Amrit Bhatti, Sue Pavitt Background The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the delivery of healthcare research. Covid-19 research was prioritised and many non-essential trials were paused. This study explores the engagement experiences of trial participants’, PPIE contributors’ and trial staff during the Covid-19 pandemic and towards recovery and restoring a diverse and balanced UK clinical trials portfolio. Methods Interviews and focus groups were undertaken with PPIE contributors, trial participants and trial staff members from NIHR research trials across the UK (November 2020-June 2021) across portfolio specialities: Cancer, Oral and Dental Health, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Cardiovascular Disease, Neurological Disorders, Primary Care, and Conditions associated with susceptibility to Covid-19 (Diabetes, Stroke, Respiratory Disorders). Topic guides were developed for each participant group and interviews were conducted over Zoom. The transcripts were analysed using codebook thematic analysis in NVivo (V.12). Results 106 participants comprising, 45 PPIE contributors, 27 trial participants and 34 trial staff members were recruited. Three themes to engagement with trials during Covid-19 were developed. 1) Ensuring continued contact. Continued and tailored communication, having a trial point of contact and regular updates all enhanced trial engagement and retention. Patients’ unfamiliarity with materials being sent electronically reduced engagement and trust. 2) A balanced move to remote consultations. Remote follow-up and monitoring were convenient and allowed for wider recruitment across the UK. Participants were more likely to discuss personal subjects in their own homes. Remote visits lacked a personal touch, some concerns over missed diagnoses or being unable to appreciate the situation, technical abilities or equipment failures were seen as barriers, especially for disadvantaged or older people. 3) The importance of feeling fully informed. Factors that supported attendance were knowledge about trial conduct adherence to Covid-19 regulations, social distancing, clear signage at the site and opportunities to ask questions. Barriers included not knowing what to expect and not feeling safe with rules and regulations. Conclusions Our findings highlight a number of ways to future proof trial delivery against future pandemics or disruptions such as offering online options to participate in research, ensuring consistent communication between participants and the research team, making sure participants feel fully informed and the continued reassurance of safety in the clinical setting.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLixue Huang, Xunliang Tong, Jia Cui, Xiaoman Du, Yixuan Liao, Xiaoming Tan, Yang Ju, Xuefeng Zhong, Wei Zhou, Xiaomao Xu, Yanming Li
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Whilst persistent or recurrent COVID-19 infection is well described among some immunosuppressed patient cohort, to date there have been no reports of this phenomenon in the context of repeatedly negative SARS-CoV-2 testing in the upper respiratory tract. We reported 6 follicular lymphoma developed recurrent symptomatic COVID-19 infection. They tested persistently negative for SARS-CoV-2 on pharyngeal swabs and ultimately confirmed by BALF metagenomics next generation sequencing. All 6 patients presented with lymphopenia and B-cell depletion, and 5 of them received the anti-CD 20 treatment in the last year.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexiou, E., Wijk, H., Akerström, M., Jonsdottir, I. H., Degl Innocenti, A., Ahlstrom, L.
BMJ Open, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
ObjectivesIn this study, we explored healthcare workers’ (HCWs) worry perception and its association with their work situation during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignA web-based multimethods survey including multiple choice and open-ended questions was used. SettingThe study was conducted at a university hospital in Sweden. ParticipantsAll HCWs who were working during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March–June 2020 were eligible. HCWs (n=6484, response rate=41%) from 69 departments fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and responded to the survey. Of them, we analysed data from the 3532 participants who replied to the open-ended questions (54% of the respondents). Main outcomes measuresWorry perception and its association with work conditions among HCWs. Results29% (n=1822) and 35% (n=2235) of the responding HCWs experienced a daily or more than daily strong worry of being infected or infecting others with SARS-CoV-2. This finding could be further confirmed and explored with themes from the qualitative results: ‘ambiguity of feeling safe and secure’, ‘being obliged to adapt to a new reality’ and ‘into the unknown’. The themes consisted of 6 main categories and 15 subcategories. The findings revealed that the two main drivers of worry perceived by HCWs were lack of personal protective equipment and fear of bringing the virus home to their families and friends. ConclusionsWorries of getting infected are common among HCWs during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors are raised that plausibly could minimise the negative effects of worry among HCWs. Thus, effective preventive work plans should be created, promoted and communicated in order to minimise the effects of such crises and support HCWs. By focusing on effective communication and preparedness, including access to relevant protective equipment and providing general support to HCWs, the work environment and patient care could be sustained during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStephen A. RainsAdam S. RichardsaDepartment of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0025bDepartment of Communication Studies, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613-1000
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 8, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSalvatore Chirumbolo, Umberto Tirelli
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Sien Ombelet, Diego Castanares‐Zapatero, Fabian Desimpel, Frank Hulstaert, Sabine Stordeur, Dominique Roberfroid
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Journal of the American Medical Association, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Evictions have become recognized as important social determinants of individual and community health, largely due to the revelatory work of Desmond in the past decade. During the COVID-19 pandemic, evictions became a major public health topic as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a federal moratorium on evictions that lasted from September 4, 2020, through August 26, 2021. The moratorium was instituted with the intention to limit COVID-19 transmission by preventing homelessness and overcrowded housing conditions. Many local and regional jurisdictions also issued their own eviction moratoria that overlapped and extended the federal moratorium beyond August 2021. The unique circumstances of these eviction moratoria provide opportunities to study ways that evictions and health are related.
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