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551
Correction: Youth and healthcare workers’ perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of self-testing for HIV, Hepatitis and Syphilis among young people: Qualitative findings from a pilot study in Gaborone, Botswana
Nambusi Kyegombe, Gbolahan Ajibola, Maureen Sakoi-Mosetlhi, Tsholofelo Rebatenne, Motswedi Anderson, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Joseph Makhema, Una Ngwenya, Sikhulile Moyo, Odile Sauzet, Lucy Mupfumi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
by Nambusi Kyegombe, Gbolahan Ajibola, Maureen Sakoi-Mosetlhi, Tsholofelo Rebatenne, Motswedi Anderson, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Joseph Makhema, Una Ngwenya, Sikhulile Moyo, Odile Sauzet, Lucy Mupfumi
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552
Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and submicroscopic malaria parasites carriage in malaria hotspot area in Northwest, Tanzania
Malaria Journal, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
Abstract Background The use of primaquine for mass drug administration (MDA) is being considered as a key strategy for malaria elimination. In addition to being the only drug active against the dormant and relapsing forms of Plasmodium vivax, primaquine is the sole potent drug against mature/infectious Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. It may prevent onward transmission and help contain the spread of artemisinin resistance. However, higher dose of primaquine is associated with the risk of acute haemolytic anaemia in individuals with a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In many P. falciparum endemic areas there is paucity of information about the distribution of individuals at risk of primaquine-induced haemolysis at higher dose 45 mg of primaquine. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out using archived samples to establish the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in a malaria hotspot area in Misungwi district, located in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Blood samples collected from individuals recruited between August and November 2010 were genotyped for G6PD deficiency and submicroscopic parasites carriage using polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 263 individuals aged between 0 and 87 were recruited. The overall prevalence of the X-linked G6PD A− mutation was 83.7% (220/263) wild type, 8% (21/263) heterozygous and 8.4% (22/263) homozygous or hemizygous. Although, assessment of the enzymatic activity to assign the phenotypes according to severity and clinical manifestation as per WHO was not carried out, the overall genotype and allele frequency for the G6PD deficiency was 16.4% and 13. 2%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in among the different G6PD genotypes (p > 0.05). Out of 248 samples analysed for submicroscopic parasites carriage, 58.1% (144/248) were P. falciparum positive by PCR. G6PD heterozygous deficiency were associated with carriage of submicroscopic P. falciparum (p = 0.029). Conclusions This study showed that 16.4% of the population in this part of North-western Tanzania carry the G6PD A− mutation, within the range of 15–32% seen in other parts of Africa. G6PD gene mutation is widespread and heterogeneous across the study area where primaquine would be valuable for malaria control and elimination. The maps and population estimates presented here reflect potential risk of higher dose of primaquine being associated with the risk of acute haemolytic anaemia (AHA) in individuals with a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and call further research on mapping of G6PD deficiency in Tanzania. Therefore, screening and education programmes for G6PD deficiency is warranted in a programme of malaria elimination using a higher primaquine dose.
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553
Polysubstance Use Profiles and HIV Viremia in a South African Cohort of Female Sex Workers: A Latent Class Analysis
Rosen, Joseph G.; Knox, Justin R.; Rucinski, Katherine B.; Mcingana, Mfezi; Mulumba, Ntambue; Comins, Carly A.; Shipp, Lillian; Makama, Siyanda; Beckham, S. Wilson; Hausler, Harry; Baral, Stefan D.; Schwartz, Sheree R.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
Background: Given intersecting social and structural factors, female sex workers (FSW) exhibit elevated risk of HIV and substance use. However, there is limited study of how distinct substance use typologies influence HIV treatment outcomes among FSW. Setting: A cross-sectional survey with objective viral load assessments of 1,391 FSW enrolled into a treatment optimization-focused trial in Durban, South Africa (2018-2020). Methods: We used latent class analysis to uncover discrete patterns in past-month self-reported use of the following substances: heavy alcohol use, cannabis, cocaine, crack, ecstasy, methamphetamine, heroin, and whoonga. We used Wald tests to identify multilevel predictors of latent class membership and multivariable mixture modeling to quantify associations of substance use classes with HIV viremia (>50 RNA copies/mL). Results: Substance use (87%) and HIV viremia (62%) were highly prevalent. LCA uncovered three polysubstance use profiles: Heavy Alcohol Use Only (∼54%); Cannabis, Heavy Alcohol, & Crack Use (∼28%); and Whoonga & Crack Use (∼18%). Whoonga & Crack Use was associated with social and structural adversities, including homelessness, outdoor/public sex work, HIV stigma, and violence. Relative to Heavy Alcohol Use Only, HIV viremia was significantly higher in the Whoonga & Crack Use class (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] 1.97, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.13-3.43) but not in the Cannabis, Heavy Alcohol, & Crack Use class (adjOR 1.17, 95%CI 0.74-1.86). Conclusion: HIV viremia differed significantly across identified polysubstance use profiles among South African FSW. Integrating drug treatment and harm reduction services into HIV treatment programs is key to improving virologic outcomes in marginalized communities. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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554
Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy is Protective Against Seizures in Children with HIV in Zambia: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Bearden, David R.; Mwanza-Kabaghe, Sylvia; Bositis, Christopher M.; Dallah, Ifunanya; Johnson, Brent A.; Siddiqi, Omar K.; Elafros, Melissa A.; Gelbard, Harris A.; Okulicz, Jason F.; Kalungwana, Lisa; Musonda, Nkhoma; Theodore, William H.; Mwenechanya, Musaku; Mathews, Manoj; Sikazwe, Izukanji T.; Birbeck, Gretchen L.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
Background: Seizures are relatively common among children with HIV in low-and middle-income countries, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early treatment with antiretroviral therapy may reduce this risk by decreasing rates of central nervous system infections and HIV encephalopathy. Methods: We conducted a prospective, unmatched case-control study. We enrolled children with new-onset seizure from University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia as well as two regional hospitals in rural Zambia. Controls were children with HIV and no history of seizures. Recruitment took place from 2016-2019. Early treatment was defined as initiation of ART prior to 12 months of age, at a CD4 percentage greater than 15% in children ages 12 months to 60 months, or a CD4 count greater than 350 cell/mm3 for children 60 months or older. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between potential risk factors and seizures. Results: We identified 73 children with new-onset seizure and compared them to 254 control children with HIV but no seizures. Early treatment with antiretroviral therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the odds of seizures (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.02—0.09; p
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555
Cofactors of partner HIV self-testing and Oral PrEP acceptance among pregnant women at high risk of HIV in Kenya
NGUMBAU, Nancy M.; NEARY, Jillian; WAGNER, Anjuli D; ABUNA, Felix; OCHIENG, Ben; DETTINGER, Julia C; GÓMEZ, Laurén; MARWA, Mary M.; WATOYI, Salphine; NZOVE, Emmaculate; PINTYE, Jillian; BAETEN, Jared M.; KINUTHIA, John; JOHN-STEWART, Grace
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
Background: Oral PrEP and male partner HIV self-testing (HIVST) is being scaled up within antenatal clinics (ANC). Few data are available on how co-distribution influences acceptance of both interventions. Methods: We utilized data from the PrIMA (NCT03070600) trial in Kenya. Women included in this analysis were determined to be at high risk of HIV and offered oral PrEP and partner HIVST. Characteristics were compared between women who chose: 1) PrEP and HIVST, 2) HIVST-alone, 3) PrEP-alone, or 4) declined both (reference), excluding women who had partners known to be living with HIV. Results: Among 911 women, median age was 24 years, 87.3% were married, 43.9% perceived themselves to be at high risk of HIV and 13.0% had history of intimate partner violence (IPV). Overall, 68.9% accepted HIVST and 18.4% accepted PrEP with 54.7% accepting HIVST-alone, 4.2% PrEP-alone and 14.3% both HIVST and PrEP. Of women accepting HIVST, partner HIV testing increased from 20% to 82% and awareness of partner HIV status increased from 4.7% to 82.0% between pregnancy and 9-months postpartum (p
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556
Impact of decarceration plus alcohol, substance use, and mental health screening on life expectancies of Black sexual minority men and Black transgender women (BSMM/BTW) living with HIV in the United States: A Simulation Study based on HPTN 061
Feelemyer, Jonathan; Bershteyn, Anna; Scheidell, Joy D.; Brewer, Russell; Dyer, Typhanye V; Cleland, Charles M; Hucks-Ortiz, Christopher; Justice, Amy; Mayer, Ken; Grawert, Ames; Kaufman, Jay S.; Braithwaite, Scott; Khan, Maria R
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
Background Background Given the disproportionate rates of incarceration and lower life expectancy (LE) among Black sexual minority men (BSMM) and Black transgender women (BTW) with HIV, we modeled the impact of decarceration and screening for psychiatric conditions and substance use on LE of US BSMM/BTW with HIV. Methods We augmented a microsimulation model previously validated to predict LE and leading causes of death in the US with estimates from the HPTN 061 cohort and the Veteran’s Aging Cohort Studies. We estimated independent associations among psychiatric and substance use disorders, to simulate the influence of treatment of one condition on improvement on others. We used this augmented simulation to estimate LE for BSMM/BTW with HIV with a history of incarceration under alternative policies of decarceration (i.e., reducing the fraction exposed to incarceration), screening for psychiatric conditions and substance use, or both. Results Baseline LE was 61.3 years. Reducing incarceration by 25%, 33%, 50%, and 100% increased LE by 0.29 years, 0.31 years, 0.53 years, and 1.08 years, respectively, versus no reductions in incarceration. When reducing incarceration by 33% and implementing screening for alcohol, tobacco, substance use, and depression, in which a positive screen triggers diagnostic assessment for all psychiatric and substance use conditions and linkage to treatment, LE increased by 1.52 years compared to no screening or decarceration. Discussion LE among BSMM/BTW with HIV is short compared with other people with HIV. Reducing incarceration and improving screening and treatment of psychiatric conditions and substance use could substantially increase LE in this population. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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557
“If it weren't for this, we'd be sick” - Perspectives from participants of a couple-based HIV treatment and support program during prenatal and postpartum periods in Zambézia Province, Mozambique
Brooks, Hannah L.; Graves, Erin; De Schacht, Caroline; Emílio, Almiro; Matino, Ariano; Aboobacar, Arifo; Audet, Carolyn M.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
558
Metabolic alterations unravel the maternofetal immune responses with disease severity in pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2
Sandhya Hora, Prabhjyoti Pahwa, Hamda Siddiqui, Anoushka Saxena, Minal Kashyap, Jayesh K. Sevak, Ravinder Singh, Maryam Javed, Pushpa Yadav, Pratibha Kale, Gayatri Ramakrishna, Meenu Bajpai, Asmita Rathore, Jaswinder S. Maras, Shakun Tyagi, Shiv K. Sarin, Nirupama Trehanpati
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.12.2023
Tilføjet 7.12.2023
559
Tuberculosis Knowledge among Persons Living with HIV Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Lima, Peru
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 7.12.2023
Tilføjet 7.12.2023
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 109 Issue: 6 Pages: 1266-1269
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560
The diagnostic dilemma for atypical presentation of progressive human Mpox
BMC Infectious Diseases, 7.12.2023
Tilføjet 7.12.2023
Abstract Background Human mpox has increasingly been reported worldwide since May 2022, with higher incidence in men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons living with HIV (PLHIV) with presentation typical for generalized macules and papules. Case presentation We are describing a case of human mpox, which presented as widespread, atypical round verrucous lesions that went undiagnosed in the community for six months and was treated with antibacterials and antifungals given the similarity to skin manifestations associated with endemic mycoses. Conclusions Suspicion for human mpox should be high in young MSM and PLHIV who present with rash and mpox should be ruled out earlier.
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561
Infection image: reoccurrence of Kaposi`s sarcoma after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in an HIV-infected patient
Infection, 6.12.2023
Tilføjet 6.12.2023
562
Infection image: reoccurrence of Kaposi`s sarcoma after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in an HIV-infected patient
Infection, 6.12.2023
Tilføjet 6.12.2023
563
Validation of an HIV whole genome sequencing method for HIV drug resistance testing in an Australian clinical microbiology laboratory
Frances Jenkins, Thomas Le, Rima Farhat, Angie Pinto, Azim Anzari, David Bonsall, Tanya Golubchik, Rory Bowden, Frederick J. Lee, Sebastiaan J. van Hal
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.12.2023
Tilføjet 6.12.2023
564
Drivers of HIV treatment interruption: Early findings from community-led monitoring program in Haiti
Soeurette Policar, Alana Sharp, Joanne Isidor Hyppolite, Gérald Marie Alfred, Eva Steide, Leïnadine Lucien, Naiké Ledan, Matthew Kavanagh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.12.2023
Tilføjet 5.12.2023
by Soeurette Policar, Alana Sharp, Joanne Isidor Hyppolite, Gérald Marie Alfred, Eva Steide, Leïnadine Lucien, Naiké Ledan, Matthew Kavanagh Background Failure to retain people living with HIV (PLHIV) in care remains a significant barrier to achieving epidemic control in Haiti, with as many as 30% lost from care within one year of starting treatment. Community-led monitoring (CLM) is an emerging approach of improving healthcare and accountability to service users, through a cycle of monitoring and advocacy. In 2020, a CLM program was launched in Haiti to identify barriers to retention and advocating for better health services. Methods Data from the community-led monitoring program in Haiti were analyzed, from a sample of 65 healthcare facilities in the Nord, Artibonite, and Ouest departments collected from April 2021 to February 2022. Qualitative data from six community-based focus groups and 45 semi-structured individual interviews were analyzed. Results Confidentiality and stigmatization emerged as barriers to care, particularly due to the separation of PLHIV from other patients in view of community members. To avoid identification, patients described traveling long distances, with the reimbursement of transportation costs described as being insufficient or unavailable. Costs of non-HIV clinical services were a frequent concern and respondents described a need for clinics to provide food during all patient visits. Stock-outs were a regular challenge; by contrast, treatment literacy did not emerge as a major barrier to retention. Conclusions These findings represent the first instance, to our knowledge, of original data from a community-led monitoring program being published in any country. These findings suggest that improving treatment retention for PLHIV is dependent on improving the acceptability and affordability of healthcare services. Ensuring confidentiality is critical, particularly where stigma is high. Retention could be improved by systematically strengthening patient confidentiality protections throughout the healthcare system, providing patients with sufficient travel compensation and other incentives, and delivering wraparound services provided for free. Addressing these challenges will require ongoing advocacy for community-developed recommendations and solutions.
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565
The diagnostic dilemma for atypical presentation of progressive human Mpox
BMC Infectious Diseases, 5.12.2023
Tilføjet 5.12.2023
Abstract Background Human mpox has increasingly been reported worldwide since May 2022, with higher incidence in men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons living with HIV (PLHIV) with presentation typical for generalized macules and papules. Case presentation We are describing a case of human mpox, which presented as widespread, atypical round verrucous lesions that went undiagnosed in the community for six months and was treated with antibacterials and antifungals given the similarity to skin manifestations associated with endemic mycoses. Conclusions Suspicion for human mpox should be high in young MSM and PLHIV who present with rash and mpox should be ruled out earlier.
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566
[Media Watch] Remembering women in the fight against AIDS
Georgia Bisbas
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 5.12.2023
Tilføjet 5.12.2023
“History has the power to shape not only what we remember, but what we forget.” In the final paragraph of the introduction to In Her Hands, Women\'s Fight Against AIDS in the United States, historian Emma Day perfectly sums up the message behind her book. Day seeks to readdress the narrative around women\'s fight against HIV/AIDS and the political systems that overlooked, mistreated, and maligned them during the 1980s epidemic of the disease. It is her intention to ensure that we remember the struggles that women faced with accuracy and in their entirety, as no one subgroup of sufferers should take precedence in the history books when we recall the scale and severity of this disease.
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567
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce greater complement activation and decreased viremia and Nef antibodies in men with HIV-1
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4.12.2023
Tilføjet 4.12.2023
AbstractBackgroundImmune dysregulation in people with HIV-1 (PWH) persists despite potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) and, consequently, PWH tend to have lower immune responses to licensed vaccines. However, limited information is available about the impact of mRNA vaccines in PWH. This study details the immunologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in PWH and their impact on HIV-1.MethodsWe quantified anti-S IgG binding and neutralization of three SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and complement activation in blood from virally suppressed men with HIV-1 (MWH) and men without HIV-1 (MWOH), and the characteristics that may impact the vaccine immune responses. We also studied antibody levels against HIV-1 proteins and HIV-1 plasma RNA.ResultsMWH had lower anti-S IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies against the three variants compared to MWOH. MWH also produced anti-S1 antibodies with a ten-fold greater ability to activate complement and exhibited higher C3a blood levels than MWOH. MWH had decreased residual HIV-1 plasma viremia and anti-Nef IgG approximately 100 days after immunization.ConclusionsMWH respond to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines with lower antibody titers and with greater activation of complement, while exhibiting a decrease in HIV-1 viremia and anti-Nef antibodies. These results suggest an important role of complement activation mediating protection in MWH.
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568
Plasmatic HIV-1 soluble gp120 is associated with correlates of immune dysfunction and inflammation in ART-treated individuals with undetectable viremia
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4.12.2023
Tilføjet 4.12.2023
AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammation persists in some people living with HIV (PLWH) during antiretroviral therapy and is associated with premature aging. The gp120 subunit of HIV-1 envelope sheds and can be detected in plasma, showing immunomodulatory properties even in the absence of detectable viremia. We evaluated whether plasmatic soluble gp120 (sgp120) and a family of gp120-specific anti-cluster A antibodies, linked to CD4 depletion in vitro, contribute to chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and sub-clinical cardiovascular disease in participants of the Canadian HIV and Aging cohort (CHACS) with undetectable viremia.MethodsCross-sectional assessment of sgp120 and anti-cluster A antibodies was performed in 386 individuals from CHACS. Their association with pro-inflammatory cytokines and subclinical coronary artery disease was assessed using linear regression models.ResultsHigh levels of sgp120 and anti-cluster A antibodies inversely correlated with CD4 count and CD4:CD8 ratio. The presence of sgp120 was associated with increased levels of IL-6. In participants with detectable atherosclerotic plaque and detectable sgp120, anti-cluster A antibodies and their combination with sgp120 levels correlated positively with the total volume of atherosclerotic plaques.Conclusionssgp120 may act as a pan toxin causing immune dysfunction and sustained inflammation in a subset of PLWH, contributing to the development of premature comorbidities.
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569
HIV enteropathy (HIVE) and Slim disease (SD): historical and current perspectives
MS Kapembwa, PA Batman, SC Fleming, GE Griffin
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4.12.2023
Tilføjet 4.12.2023
The emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Africa was first reported among patients originating from Central Africa presenting with severe wasting symptoms resembling marasmus in 1983. The illness was associated commonly with chronic, and often life-threatening diarrhoea [1]. There was no evidence of an underlying immunosuppressive disease, no history of blood-product transfusion, homosexuality, or intravenous-drug abuse and the disease appeared to affect females as frequently as males.
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570
Persistent CMV pneumonitis in HIV infection: a case report
BMC Infectious Diseases, 3.12.2023
Tilføjet 3.12.2023
Abstract We present a rare case of pathology-proven CMV pneumonitis in a patient with HIV infection after presenting with cough and fever. This presentation was complicated by recurrence of symptoms after treatment in the setting of continued uncontrolled HIV infection. This case raised the importance of further discussion regarding best treatment guidelines for CMV pneumonitis for patients with HIV.
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571
Relationship between clinical features and droplet digital PCR copy number in non-HIV patients with pneumocystis pneumonia
BMC Infectious Diseases, 3.12.2023
Tilføjet 3.12.2023
Abstract Objective Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a novel assay to detect pneumocystis jjrovecii (Pj) which has been defined to be more sensitive than qPCR in recent studies. We aimed to explore whether clinical features of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) were associated with ddPCR copy numbers of Pj. Methods A total of 48 PCP patients were retrospectively included. Pj detection was implemented by ddPCR assay within 4 h. Bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) samples were collected from 48 patients with molecular diagnosis as PCP via metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) or quantitative PCR detection. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to screen out possible indicators for the severity of PCP. The patients were divided into two groups according to ddPCR copy numbers, and their clinical features were further analyzed. Results Pj loading was a pro rata increase with serum (1,3)-beta-D glucan, D-dimmer, neutrophil percentage, procalcitonin and BALF polymorphonuclear leucocyte percentage, while negative correlation with albumin, PaO2/FiO2, BALF cell count, and BALF lymphocyte percentage. D-dimmer and ddPCR copy number of Pj were independent indicators for moderate/severe PCP patients with PaO2/FiO2 lower than 300. We made a ROC analysis of ddPCR copy number of Pj for PaO2/FiO2 index and grouped the patients according to the cut-off value (2.75). The high copy numbers group was characterized by higher level of inflammatory markers. Compared to low copy number group, there was lower level of the total cell count while higher level of polymorphonuclear leucocyte percentage in BALF in the high copy numbers group. Different from patients with high copy numbers, those with high copy numbers had a tendency to develop more severe complications and required advanced respiratory support. Conclusion The scenarios of patients infected with high ddPCR copy numbers of Pj showed more adverse clinical conditions. Pj loading could reflect the severity of PCP to some extent.
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572
Cumulative violence exposures among men who have sex with men living with HIV in India: Psychosocial correlates of HIV care continuum outcomes
Bushra Sabri, Chakra Budhathoki, Allison M. McFall, Shruti H. Mehta, David D. Celentano, Sunil S. Solomon, Aylur K. Srikrishnan, Santhanam Anand, Canjeevaram K. Vasudevan, Gregory M. Lucas
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
by Bushra Sabri, Chakra Budhathoki, Allison M. McFall, Shruti H. Mehta, David D. Celentano, Sunil S. Solomon, Aylur K. Srikrishnan, Santhanam Anand, Canjeevaram K. Vasudevan, Gregory M. Lucas Lifetime exposures to violence among men who have sex with men (MSM) are associated with multiple psychosocial health risks and can affect engagement and outcomes of HIV treatment. This study a) explored relationships between levels of exposures to violence and HIV care continuum outcomes among MSM living with HIV in India, and b) identified psychosocial correlates of HIV care continuum outcomes among MSM living with HIV and those with lifetime cumulative exposures to violence (CVE). CVE referred to exposures to violence in both childhood and adulthood. This cross-sectional analysis used survey data collected between August 2016 and May 2017 from 1763 men who have sex with men living with HIV across 10 cities in India, using respondent-driven sampling. We found that higher levels of violence exposure were significantly associated with lower awareness of HIV positive status, and lower likelihood of initiating antiretroviral therapy. Compared with MSM living with HIV that had no CVE, those with CVE were more likely to report perpetration of interpersonal violence, alcohol misuse, depressive symptoms, and HIV transmission risk behaviors and to have two to four co-occurring psychosocial problems. In multivariable analysis with the subset of MSM with CVE, psychosocial correlates significantly associated with at least one HIV care continuum outcome were HIV transmission risk behaviors, perpetration of interpersonal violence, depression, and alcohol misuse. The findings highlight the need for integrating care for lifetime violence exposures and associated behavioral problems in HIV care settings for men who have sex with men living with HIV in India.
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573
Socioeconomic inequality and contributors in accepting attitudes toward people living with HIV among adults in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016: a population-based cross-sectional study
Endalamaw, A., Gilks, C. F., Ambaw, F., Assefa, Y.
BMJ Open, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
IntroductionThe public’s accepting attitude toward people living with HIV is crucial in reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination, increasing people’s access to HIV service. This study examines the inequalities in accepting attitudes toward people living with HIV in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on the 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys. A total of 17 075, 28 478 and 25 542 adults were included in the 2005, 2011 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Socioeconomic inequality was investigated using the concentration curve and Erreygers’ concentration index (ECI), which is scaled from –1 (pro-poor) to +1 (pro-rich). The ECI was decomposed to identify the contributors to socioeconomic inequality using generalised linear regression with the logit link function. ResultsAccepting attitude toward people living with HIV was 17.9% (95% CI: 16.6%, 19.3%) in 2005, which increased to 33.5% (95% CI: 31.8%, 35.3%) in 2011 and 39.6% (95% CI: 37.6%, 41.9%) in 2016. ECI was 0.342 (p
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574
Socioeconomic inequality and contributors in accepting attitudes toward people living with HIV among adults in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016: a population-based cross-sectional study
Endalamaw, A., Gilks, C. F., Ambaw, F., Assefa, Y.
BMJ Open, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
IntroductionThe public’s accepting attitude toward people living with HIV is crucial in reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination, increasing people’s access to HIV service. This study examines the inequalities in accepting attitudes toward people living with HIV in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on the 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys. A total of 17 075, 28 478 and 25 542 adults were included in the 2005, 2011 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Socioeconomic inequality was investigated using the concentration curve and Erreygers’ concentration index (ECI), which is scaled from –1 (pro-poor) to +1 (pro-rich). The ECI was decomposed to identify the contributors to socioeconomic inequality using generalised linear regression with the logit link function. ResultsAccepting attitude toward people living with HIV was 17.9% (95% CI: 16.6%, 19.3%) in 2005, which increased to 33.5% (95% CI: 31.8%, 35.3%) in 2011 and 39.6% (95% CI: 37.6%, 41.9%) in 2016. ECI was 0.342 (p
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575
Ending the HIV Epidemic in the US: lessons from Eswatini
Justman, Jessica; Wright, Connor; El-Sadr, Wafaa M.
AIDS, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
576
Primary HIV infection features colonic damage and neutrophil inflammation yet containment of microbial translocation
Tincati, Camilla; Bono, Valeria; Cannizzo, Elvira Stefania; Tosi, Delfina; Savi, Federica; Falcinella, Camilla; Casabianca, Anna; Orlandi, Chiara; Luigiano, Carmelo; Augello, Matteo; Rusconi, Stefano; Muscatello, Antonio; Bandera, Alessandra; Calcagno, Andrea; Gori, Andrea; Nozza, Silvia; Marchetti, Giulia
AIDS, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
Introduction: Impairment of the gastrointestinal (GI) barrier leads to microbial translocation and peripheral immune activation which are linked to disease progression. Data in the setting of primary HIV/SIV infection suggest that gut barrier damage is one of the first events of the pathogenic cascade, preceding mucosal immune dysfunction and microbial translocation. We assessed gut structure and immunity as well as microbial translocation in acutely- and chronically-infected, combination cART-naïve individuals. Methods: Fifteen people with Primary HIV infection (P-HIV) and 13 with Chronic HIV infection (C-HIV) c-ART naïve participants were cross-sectionally studied. Gut biopsies were analyzed in terms of gut reservoirs (total, integrated and unintegrated HIV DNA); tight junction proteins (E-cadherin, Zonula Occludens-1), CD4 expression, neutrophil myeloperoxidase (histochemical staining); collagen deposition (Masson staining). Flow cytometry was used to assess γδ T-cell frequency (CD3+panγδ+Vδ1+/Vδ2+). In plasma we measured microbial translocation (LPS, sCD14, EndoCAb) and gut barrier function (I-FABP) markers (ELISA). Results: P-HIV displayed significantly higher tissue HIV DNA, yet neutrophil infiltration and collagen deposition in the gut were similar in the two groups. In contrast, microbial translocation markers were significantly lower in P-HIV compared to C-HIV. A trend to higher mucosal E-cadherin, and gut γδ T-cells was also observed in P-HIV. Conclusions: Early HIV infection features higher HIV DNA in the gut, yet comparable mucosal alterations to those observed in chronic infection. In contrast, microbial translocation is contained in primary HIV infection, likely due to a partial preservation of E-cadherin and mucosal immune subsets, namely γδ T-cells. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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577
Effect of TB-HIV co-treatment on clinical and growth outcomes among hospitalized children newly initiating antiretroviral therapy
Cherkos, Ashenafi S.; Cranmer, Lisa M.; Njuguna, Irene; LaCourse, Sylvia M.; Mugo, Cyrus; Moraa, Hellen; Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth; Enquobahrie, Daniel A.; Richardson, Barbra A.; Wamalwa, Dalton; John-Stewart, Grace
AIDS, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
Objective: Evaluate effects of TB-HIV co-treatment on clinical and growth outcomes in children with HIV (CHIV). Design: Longitudinal study among Kenyan hospitalized ART-naive CHIV in the PUSH trial (NCT02063880). Methods: CHIV started ART within 2 weeks of enrollment; Anti-TB therapy was initiated based on clinical and TB diagnostics. Children were followed for 6 months with serial viral load, CD4%, and growth assessments (weight-for-age [WAZ], height-for-age [HAZ], and weight-for-height [WHZ]). TB-ART treated and ART-only groups were compared at 6-months post-ART for undetectable viral load [VL] (
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578
Ambient particulate matter and renal function decline in HIV/AIDS patients: exploring the mediating role of TyG index
Ma, Hongfei; Liang, Wei; Han, Aojing; Zhang, Qian; Gong, Shun; Bai, Yang; Gao, Daiming; Xiang, Hao; Wang, Xia
AIDS, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of particulate matter (PM) exposure on renal function in people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). Methods: A total of 37,739 repeated measurements were conducted on eGFR levels, serum creatinine (Scr), and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in 6,958 PWHAs. The relationship between 1–28 day moving averages of PM concentrations with Scr and eGFR was assessed using linear mixed-effects models. Modified Poisson regression models were employed to assess the associations of cumulative PM exposure with the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mediation analyses were used to examine the role of TyG index. Results: Short-term exposure to PM was related to reduced renal function. The strongest associations between exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 and percent changes in eGFR were observed at 7-day moving average exposure windows, with a respective decrease of 0.697% (−1.008%, −0.386%), 0.429% (−0.637%, −0.220%), and 0.373% (−0.581%, −0.164%) per IQR increment. Long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 was positively linked with the incidence of CKD, with each IQR increment corresponding to fully adjusted RRs (95% CIs) of 1.631 (1.446, 1.839), 1.599 (1.431, 1.787), and 1.903 (1.665, 2.175), respectively. TyG index mediated 8.87%, 8.88%, and 7.58% of the relationship between cumulative exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 and increased risk of CKD, respectively. Conclusion: Exposure to PM among PWHAs is linked to reduced renal function, potentially contributing to increased CKD incidence, where the TyG index might serve as a partial mediator. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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579
The potential benefits of long-acting injectable cabotegravir in pregnant and breastfeeding women and their infants: a modelling study
Johnson, Leigh F.; Myer, Landon; Jamieson, Lise; Meyer-Rath, Gesine; Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead; Davey, Dvora Joseph
AIDS, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
Background: Pregnant and breastfeeding women (PBW) in sub-Saharan Africa have high HIV incidence rates and associated risk of vertical transmission to their infants. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and injectable PrEP (long-acting cabotegravir, or CAB-LA) can potentially reduce this HIV transmission, but population-level impacts are uncertain. Methods: We extended a previously-developed model of HIV and PrEP in South Africa to allow for variable PrEP duration and preference in PBW. We considered three potential scenarios for PrEP provision to PBW: oral PrEP only, CAB-LA only and allowing oral/CAB-LA choice, with uptake and retention assumptions informed by South African data, each compared to a ‘base’ scenario without PrEP for PBW. Results: Without PrEP for PBW, the model estimates 1.31 million new infections will occur between 2025 and 2035 in South African adults and children, including 100,000 in PBW, 16,800 in infants at/before birth, and 35,200 in children through breastmilk. In the oral PrEP only scenario, these numbers would reduce by 1.2% (95% CI: 0.7–1.7%), 8.6% (4.8–12.9%), 4.0% (2.1–5.8%) and 5.3% (3.0–8.2%) respectively. In the CAB-LA only scenario, the corresponding reductions would be 6.1% (2.9–9.6%), 41.2% (19.8–65.0%), 12.6% (6.0–19.4%) and 29.5% (13.9–46.8%) respectively, and in the oral/CAB-LA choice scenario, similar reductions would be achieved (5.6% [3.4–8.0%], 39.0% [23.4–55.9%], 12.4% [7.4–16.8%] and 27.6% [16.5–39.9%] respectively). Conclusion: CAB-LA has the potential to be substantially more effective than oral PrEP in preventing HIV acquisition in PBW and vertical transmission, and can also modestly reduce HIV incidence at a population level. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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580
Association of age at ART initiation with CD4:CD8 ratio recovery among virally suppressed people living with HIV, 2001–2019
Holden, Clare J.; Lampe, Fiona C.; Burns, Fiona M.; Chaloner, Clinton; Johnson, Margaret; Kinloch-De Loes, Sabine; Smith, Colette J.
AIDS, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
Objective: To investigate the association of age at anti-retroviral therapy (ART) initiation with CD4:CD8 T cell ratio in virally suppressed people with HIV on long-term ART, and to characterize potential CD4:CD8 ratio recovery in this population by age. Design: A longitudinal study of people attending an HIV clinic at the Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, who initiated ART between 2001 and 2015, and achieved and maintained HIV-1 viral suppression (VL
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581
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness and Use Among Adolescents in Kenya
Truong, Hong-Ha M.; Heylen, Elsa; Kadede, Kevin; Amboka, Sayo; Otieno, Beatrice; Odhiambo, Hanningtone; Odeny, Damaris; Hewa, Marion; Opiyo, Maurice; Opondo, Fidel; Ogolla, David; Guzé, Mary A.; Miller, Lara E.; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Cohen, Craig R.; the Maneno Yetu Study Team
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
582
Decreased physical activity and prolonged sitting time are associated with liver steatosis in people with HIV
Riebensahm, Carlotta; Berzigotti, Annalisa; Surial, Bernard; Haerry, David; Günthard, Huldrych F.; Tarr, Philip E.; Furrer, Hansjakob; Rauch, Andri; Wandeler, Gilles; Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Abstract: Background: Physical activity (PA) regulates intrahepatic storage of fat and reduces the risk of liver steatosis. Given our limited understanding of the pathogenesis of metabolic complications in people with HIV (PWH), it remains unclear if evidence from the general population can be extrapolated to PWH. We investigated the association between PA and liver steatosis in a single site of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). Methods: We screened consecutive SHCS participants using vibration controlled transient elastography and defined liver steatosis as CAP ≥248dB/m. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. We evaluated the association of three different measures of PA with liver steatosis in separate multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Of 466 participants, 127 (27.3%) were female, median age was 52 years (interquartile range 43-59) and 244 (52.4%) were overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). Liver steatosis was present in 235 (50.4%) individuals. In multivariable analysis, PA below the recommendations of the European Association for the Study of the Liver was associated with steatosis (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44-3.85). Using alternative scales of PA, including metabolic equivalents task (MET) minutes (min) per week (aOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.94) and sitting hours per day (aOR, 1.16; 1.07-1.26), yielded comparable results and associations were similar when we restricted analyses to lean (BMI
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583
Venous thromboembolism among people with HIV: Design, implementation, and findings of a centralized adjudication system in clinical care sites across the United States
Crane, Heidi M; Nance, Robin M; Ruderman, Stephanie A; Haidar, Lara; Tenforde, Mark W; Heckbert, Susan R; Budoff, Matthew J; Hahn, Andrew W; Drumright, Lydia N.; Ma, Jimmy; Mixson, L. S.; Lober, William B; Barnes, Gregory S; McReynolds, Justin; Attia, Engi F; Peter, Inga; Moges, Tesfaye; Bamford, Laura; Cachay, Edward; Mathews, William C; Christopolous, Katerina; Hunt, Peter W; Napravnik, Sonia; Keruly, Jeanne; Moore, Richard D; Burkholder, Greer; Willig, Amanda L; Lindstrom, Sara; Whitney, Bridget M; Saag, Michael S; Kitahata, Mari M; Crothers, Kristina A; Delaney, Joseph AC
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Abstract: BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We conducted this study to characterize VTE including provoking factors among PWH in the current treatment era. METHODS: We included PWH with VTE between 2010-2020 at six sites in the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort. We ascertained for possible VTE using diagnosis, VTE-related imaging, and VTE-related procedure codes, followed by centralized adjudication of primary data by expert physician reviewers. We evaluated sensitivity and positive predictive value of VTE ascertainment approaches. VTEs were classified by type and anatomic location. Reviewers identified provoking factors such as hospitalizations, infections, and other potential predisposing factors such as smoking. RESULTS: We identified 557 PWH with adjudicated VTE: 239 (43%) had pulmonary embolism (PE) with or without deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and 318 (57%) had DVT alone. Ascertainment with clinical diagnoses alone missed 6% of VTEs identified with multiple ascertainment approaches. DVTs not associated with intravenous lines were most often in the proximal lower extremities. Among PWH with VTE, common provoking factors included recent hospitalization (n=134, 42%), infection (n=133, 42%), and immobilization/bed rest (n=78, 25%). Only 57 (10%) PWH had no provoking factor identified. Smoking (46%), HIV viremia (27%) and injection drug use (22%) were also common. CONCLUSION: We conducted a robust adjudication process that demonstrated the benefits of multiple ascertainment approaches followed by adjudication. Provoked VTEs were more common than unprovoked events. Non-traditional and modifiable potential predisposing factors such as viremia and smoking were common. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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584
Mortality among persons with HIV in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-level analysis
Viguerie, Alex; Song, Ruiguang; Bosh, Karin; Lyles, Cynthia M.; Farnham, Paul G.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Background: Whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on mortality among persons with diagnosed HIV (PWDH) in United States is unclear. Through our macro-scale analysis, we seek to better understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affected mortality among PWDH. Methods: We obtained mortality and population data for the years 2018-2020 from the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) for the U.S. PWDH population, and from publicly available data for the general population. We computed mortality rates and excess mortality for both the general and PWDH populations. Stratifications by age, race/ethnicity, and sex were considered. For each group, we determined whether the 2020 mortality rates and mortality risk ratio showed a statistically significant change from 2018-2019. Results. Approximately 1550 excess deaths occurred among PWDH in 2020, with Black, Hispanic/Latino and PWDH 55 and older comprising the majority of excess deaths. Mortality rates increased in 2020 from 2018-2019 across the general population in all groups. Among PWDH, mortality rates either increased, or showed no statistically significant change. These increases were similar to, or smaller than, those observed in the general population, resulting in a 7.7% decrease in the mortality risk ratio between PWDH and the general population. Conclusions: While mortality rates among PWDH increased in 2020 relative to 2018-2019, the increases were smaller, or of similar magnitude, to those observed in the general population. We thus do not find evidence of elevated mortality risk from the COVID-19 pandemic among PWDH. These findings held across subpopulations stratified by age, sex, and racial/ethnic group. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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585
Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Adherence among Youth Living with HIV
Arnold, Elizabeth Mayfield; Kamal, Susan; Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane; Bridges, S. Kate; Gertsch, William; Norwood, Peter; Swendeman, Dallas; the ATN CARES Team
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Background: Youth living with HIV (YLH) have an increased risk for psychosocial stressors that can impact their antiretroviral (ARV) adherence. We examined factors associated with self-reported ARV adherence among YLH ages 12-24 years old. Setting: YLH (N=147) were recruited in Los Angeles, California, and New Orleans, Louisiana from 2017-2020. Methods: YLH whose self-reported recent (30 days) ARV adherence was “excellent” or “very good” were compared to non-adherent YLH on sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Participants were predominantly male (88%), and 81% identified as gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or other. The mean duration on ARV was 27 months (range: 0-237 months). Most YLH (71.2%) self-reported being adherent, and 79% of those who self-reported adherence were also virally suppressed (
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586
Suicide ideation and attempt among people with HIV: A statewide population-level cohort analysis between 2005-2020
Mi, Tianyue; Zhang, Jiajia; Yang, Xueying; Chen, Shujie; Weissman, Sharon; Olatosi, Bankole; Li, Xiaoming
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Background: Risk factors for suicidality among people with HIV (PWH) may evolve over their disease course, particularly as they develop comorbidities such as mental health disorders over time. Setting: This study compared the leading risk factors of suicide ideation/attempt among PWH in South Carolina across different combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) eras. Methods: A statewide cohort of PWH who were diagnosed between 2005 and 2016, with a follow-up record until 2020, was involved in the study. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to examine the association of suicide ideation/attempt and predictors including demographics, HIV-related characteristics, and mental health conditions. Results: Among 8,567 PWH, the incidence of suicide ideation/attempt increased from 537.7 per 100,000 person-years (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 460.2-615.1) in the early cART cohort (2005-2008) to 782.5 (95% CI 697.6-867.4) in the late cART cohort (2009-2016). Leading risk factors of suicide ideation/attempt changed across cART cohort. In the early cART cohort, PWH with suicide ideation/attempt were more likely to be White and diagnosed with bipolar disorder (Ps
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587
The association of HIV control and immunosuppression with risk of non-AIDS defining cancer risk among patients on antiretroviral therapy
Dickey, Brittney L.; Yanik, Elizabeth L.; Thompson, Zachary; Burkholder, Greer; Kitahata, Mari M.; Moore, Richard D.; Jacobson, Jeff; Mathews, W. Christopher; Christopoulos, Katerina A.; Fleming, Julia; Napravnik, Sonia; Achenbach, Chad; Coghill, Anna E.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Background PWH are experiencing an increased prevalence of non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs). Our study investigated the association of immunosuppression and HIV control with NADCs among PWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the US. Methods Among patients across 8 clinical cohorts on ART between 1996-2016 we assessed immune function and HIV control utilizing six metrics of CD4 count or HIV-RNA viral load (VL): (1) CD4 or VL at ART initiation; (2) change in CD4 or VL following ART initiation; and (3) proportion of follow-up time at CD4>500 cells/ul or VL
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588
Incidence and Management of Complex Kidney Situations Among On-demand and Daily HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users
LIEGEON, Geoffroy; BRUN, Alexandre; HAMET, Gwenn; ZEGGAGH, Jeremy; PINTADO, Claire; LOZE, Bénédicte; PONSCARME, Diane; ROZENBAUM, Willy; MOLINA, Jean Michel
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
589
HIV viral load patterns and risk factors among women in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs to inform differentiated service delivery (DSD)
Jiang, Wenwen; Ronen, Keshet; Osborn, Lusi; Drake, Alison L.; Unger, Jennifer A.; Matemo, Daniel; Richardson, Barbra A.; Kinuthia, John; John-Stewart, Grace
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Background: Differentiated service delivery (DSD) approaches decrease frequency of clinic visits for individuals who are stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is unclear how to optimize DSD models for postpartum women living with HIV (PWLH). We evaluated longitudinal HIV viral load (VL) and cofactors, and modelled DSD eligibility with virologic failure (VF) among PWLH in PMTCT programs. Methods: This analysis used programmatic data from participants in the Mobile WAChX trial (NCT02400671). Women were assessed for DSD-eligibility using the WHO criteria among general people living with HIV (receiving ART for ≥6 months and having at least one suppressed VL [
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590
Facility HIV self-testing in outpatient departments: an assessment of characteristics and concerns of outpatients who opt-out of testing in Malawi
Shaba, Frackson; Balakasi, Kelvin; Offorjebe, Ogechukwu A; Nyirenda, Mike; Wong, Vincent J; Gupta, Sundeep K; Hoffman, Risa M; Dovel, Kathryn
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
591
A case of fatal Monkeypox infection: necropsy and molecular findings, with some considerations related to clinical management.
María Paniagua-García, Carlos S. Casimiro-Soriguer, David Chinchón, M Dolores Navarro-Amuedo, Rafael Luque-Márquez, Enrique de Álava, Jose A. Lepe, J.M. Cisneros
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Human monkeypox (mpox) is usually self-limited infection, however, rising data show a worse outcome in patients with impaired immune status, particularly those co-infected with HIV(1,2).
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592
Persistent CMV pneumonitis in HIV infection: a case report
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Abstract We present a rare case of pathology-proven CMV pneumonitis in a patient with HIV infection after presenting with cough and fever. This presentation was complicated by recurrence of symptoms after treatment in the setting of continued uncontrolled HIV infection. This case raised the importance of further discussion regarding best treatment guidelines for CMV pneumonitis for patients with HIV.
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593
Multisite mpox infection and viral dynamics among persons with HIV in metro-Atlanta
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
AbstractThe 2022 mpox outbreak primarily involved sexual transmission among men who have sex with men and disproportionately affected persons with HIV (PWH). We examined viral dynamics and clinical features in a cohort evaluated for mpox infection at a comprehensive HIV clinic in Atlanta, Georgia. Viral DNA was found in 8 oropharyngeal and 5 anorectal specimens among 10 mpox cases confirmed by lesion swab PCR. Within-participant anatomic site of lowest Ct value varied, and lower Ct values were found in oropharyngeal and anorectal swabs when corresponding symptoms were present. This provides insight into mpox infection across multiple anatomic sites among PWH.
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594
Premature transcription termination complex proteins PCF11 and WDR82 silence HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells
Melissa Ait SaidFabienne BejjaniAhmed AbdouniEmmanuel SégéralStéphane EmilianiaUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris F-75014, France
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
595
Tad and toxin-coregulated pilus structures reveal unexpected diversity in bacterial type IV pili
Ravi R. SonaniJuan Carlos SanchezJoseph K. BaumgardtShivani KundraElizabeth R. WrightLisa CraigEdward H. EgelmanaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903bDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706cDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
596
Diagnosis and management of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults
Thomas C. McHaleDavid R. BoulwareJohn KasibanteKenneth SsebambuliddeCaleb P. SkipperMahsa Abassi1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA2Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
597
A machine learning-enabled open biodata resource inventory from the scientific literature
Heidi J. Imker, Kenneth E. Schackart III, Ana-Maria Istrate, Charles E. Cook
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
by Heidi J. Imker, Kenneth E. Schackart III, Ana-Maria Istrate, Charles E. Cook Modern biological research depends on data resources. These resources archive difficult-to-reproduce data and provide added-value aggregation, curation, and analyses. Collectively, they constitute a global infrastructure of biodata resources. While the organic proliferation of biodata resources has enabled incredible research, sustained support for the individual resources that make up this distributed infrastructure is a challenge. The Global Biodata Coalition (GBC) was established by research funders in part to aid in developing sustainable funding strategies for biodata resources. An important component of this work is understanding the scope of the resource infrastructure; how many biodata resources there are, where they are, and how they are supported. Existing registries require self-registration and/or extensive curation, and we sought to develop a method for assembling a global inventory of biodata resources that could be periodically updated with minimal human intervention. The approach we developed identifies biodata resources using open data from the scientific literature. Specifically, we used a machine learning-enabled natural language processing approach to identify biodata resources from titles and abstracts of life sciences publications contained in Europe PMC. Pretrained BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) models were fine-tuned to classify publications as describing a biodata resource or not and to predict the resource name using named entity recognition. To improve the quality of the resulting inventory, low-confidence predictions and potential duplicates were manually reviewed. Further information about the resources were then obtained using article metadata, such as funder and geolocation information. These efforts yielded an inventory of 3112 unique biodata resources based on articles published from 2011–2021. The code was developed to facilitate reuse and includes automated pipelines. All products of this effort are released under permissive licensing, including the biodata resource inventory itself (CC0) and all associated code (BSD/MIT).
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598
Investigating rates and predictors of viral blips, low‐level viraemia and virological failure in the Australian HIV observational database
Win Min Han, Jennifer Broom, Rohan Bopage, David J. Templeton, Natalie Edmiston, Kathy Petoumenos, on behalf of the Australian HIV Observational Database
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
599
Expanded HIV testing in non-key populations – the neglected strategy for minimising late diagnosis
Ngai Sze WONG, Weiming TANG, William C. MILLER, Jason J. ONG, Shui Shan LEE
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has set the Fast-Track strategy to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, with the targets of 95% of people with HIV (PLWH) aware of their HIV status, 95% of diagnosed PLWH on antiretroviral treatment (ART), and 95% of PLWH on treatment achieving viral load suppression.[1] To achieve these targets, timely HIV testing is crucial as undiagnosed PLWH would not know their HIV status, and ongoing transmission would occur until ART is received. The risk of acquiring HIV is mainly through high-risk exposures such as multiple sexual partners, sharing of contaminated needles for drug injection and condomless anal sex practice.
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600
Long-term non-progression and risk factors for disease progression among children living with HIV in Botswana and Uganda: a retrospective cohort study
Samuel Kyobe, Grace Kisitu, Savannah Mwesigwa, John Farirai, Eric Katagirya, Gaone Retshabile, Lesedi Williams, Angela Mirembe, Lesego Ketumile, Misaki Wayengera, John Mukisa, Gaseene Sebetso, Thabo Diphoko, Marion Amujal, Edgar Kigozi, Fred Katabazi, Ronald Oceng, Busisiwe Mlotshwa, Koketso Morapedi, Betty Nsangi, Edward Wampande, Masego Tsimako, Chester Brown, Ishmael Kasvosve, Moses Joloba, Gabriel Anabwani, Sununguko Mpoloka, Graeme Mardon, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Neil Hanchard, Jacqueline Kyosiimire, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Dithan Kiragga, Collaborative African Genomics Network (CAfGEN) of the H3Africa Consortium
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
Africa remains the global epicenter of the HIV epidemic; more than 70% of all people living with HIV/AIDS are in Africa. In 2021, UNAIDS estimates indicated that 150,000 new HIV infections and 99,000 deaths occurred among African children [1]. Before the initiative of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART), it was widely noted that some children would remain AIDS-free for more than ten years and could maintain normal-for-age CD4+ T-cell counts [2] – so-called long-term nonprogressors (LTNP). Children capable of controlling HIV infection present the opportunity for unique insights into the natural host immune responses, which could be essential for the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines [3].
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