47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (influenza) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
209 emner vises.
151
Differences in the gut microbiota between Gurkhas and soldiers of British origin
Thomas D. Troth, Ross S. McInnes, Steven J. Dunn, Jeremy Mirza, Annalise H. Whittaker, Sarah A. Goodchild, Nicholas J. Loman, Sarah V. Harding, Willem van Schaik
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
by Thomas D. Troth, Ross S. McInnes, Steven J. Dunn, Jeremy Mirza, Annalise H. Whittaker, Sarah A. Goodchild, Nicholas J. Loman, Sarah V. Harding, Willem van Schaik Previous work indicated that the incidence of travellers’ diarrhoea (TD) is higher in soldiers of British origin, when compared to soldiers of Nepalese descent (Gurkhas). We hypothesise that the composition of the gut microbiota may be a contributing factor in the risk of developing TD in soldiers of British origin. This study aimed to characterise the gut microbial composition of Gurkha and non-Gurkha soldiers of the British Army. Recruitment of 38 soldiers (n = 22 Gurkhas, n = 16 non-Gurkhas) and subsequent stool collection, enabled shotgun metagenomic sequencing-based analysis of the gut microbiota. The microbiota of Gurkhas had significantly (P < 0.05) lower diversity, for both Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, using species level markers than the gut microbiota of non-Gurkha soldiers. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of the Bray-Curtis distance matrix revealed a significant difference in the composition of the gut microbiota between Gurkhas and non-Gurkha soldiers, at both the species level (P = 0.0178) and the genus level (P = 0.0483). We found three genera and eight species that were significantly enriched in the non-Gurkha group and one genus (Haemophilus) and one species (Haemophilus parainfluenzae) which were enriched in the Gurkha group. The difference in the microbiota composition between Gurkha soldiers and soldiers of British origin may contribute to higher colonization resistance against diarrhoeal pathogens in the former group. Our findings may enable further studies into interventions that modulate the gut microbiota of soldiers to prevent TD during deployment.
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152
Cryo-EM structure of influenza helical nucleocapsid reveals NP-NP and NP-RNA interactions as a model for the genome encapsidation
Florian Chenavier, Leandro F. Estrozi, Jean-Marie Teulon, Eleftherios Zarkadas, Lily-Lorette Freslon, Jean-Luc Pellequer, Rob W. H. Ruigrok, Guy Schoehn, Allison Ballandras-Colas, Thibaut Crépin
Science Advances, 16.12.2023
Tilføjet 16.12.2023
153
Non-specific effects of Pneumococcal and Haemophilus vaccines in children aged 5 years and under: a systematic review
Geraghty, K., Rooney, D., Watson, C., Ledwidge, M. T., Glynn, L., Gallagher, J.
BMJ Open, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
ObjectiveTo determine the evidence for non-specific effects of the Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenza vaccine in children aged 5 years and under. Data sourcesA key word literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the European Union Clinical Trials Register and ClinicalTrials.gov up to June 2023. Study eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCT or cohort studies. ParticipantsChildren aged 5 or under. Study appraisal and synthesis methodsStudies were independently screened by two reviewers, with a third where disagreement arose. Risk of bias assessment was performed by one reviewer and confirmed by a second. Results were tabulated and a narrative description performed. ResultsFour articles were identified and included in this review. We found a reduction in hospitalisations from influenza A (44%), pulmonary tuberculosis (42%), metapneumovirus (45%), parainfluenza virus type 1–3 (44%), along with reductions in mortality associated with pneumococcal vaccine. No data on the Haemophilus vaccine was found. Conclusions and implicationsIn this systematic review, we demonstrate that there is a reduction in particular viral infections in children aged 5 years and under who received the 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine which differ from those for which the vaccine was designed to protect against. While limited studies have demonstrated a reduction in infections other than those which the vaccine was designed to protect against, substantial clinical trials are required to solidify these findings. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020146640.
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154
[Articles] Long-term outcomes following hospital admission for COVID-19 versus seasonal influenza: a cohort study
Yan Xie, Taeyoung Choi, Ziyad Al-Aly
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
Although rates of death and adverse health outcomes following hospital admission for either seasonal influenza or COVID-19 are high, this comparative analysis shows that hospital admission for COVID-19 was associated with higher long-term risks of death and adverse health outcomes in nearly every organ system (except for the pulmonary system) and significant cumulative excess DALYs than hospital admission for seasonal influenza. The substantial cumulative burden of health loss in both groups calls for greater prevention of hospital admission for these two viruses and for greater attention to the care needs of people with long-term health effects due to either seasonal influenza or SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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155
Diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in a primary care population (RAPTOR-C19)
Thomas R. Fanshawe, Sharon TONNER, Philip J. Turner, Jade Cogdale, Margaret Glogowska, Simon De Lusignan, Cecilia Okusi, Rafael Perera, Praveen Sebastianpillai, Alice Williams, Maria Zambon, Brian D. Nicholson, F.D.Richard Hobbs, Gail N. Hayward, THE RAPTOR-C19 STUDY GROUP
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
Limited evidence exists for the diagnostic performance of point-of-care tests for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in community healthcare. We carried out a prospective diagnostic accuracy study of the LumiraDx™ SARS-CoV-2 & influenza A/B assay in primary care.
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156
Recombinant or Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccine in Adults under 65 Years of Age
Amber Hsiao, Arnold Yee, Bruce Fireman, John Hansen, Ned Lewis, Nicola P. Klein
New England Journal of Medicine, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
157
CDC Expands Airport Surveillance Program to More Respiratory Viruses
Journal of the American Medical Association, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
A new pilot program will monitor for respiratory viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in addition to SARS-CoV-2 as part of the Traveler-based Genomic Surveillance (TGS) program, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced in a recent statement.
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158
Differential effects of microRNAs miR‐21, miR‐99 and miR‐145 on lung regeneration and inflammation during recovery from influenza pneumonia
Joe Wee Jian Ong, Kai Sen Tan, Joseph Jing Xian Lee, Ju Ee Seet, Hyung Won Choi, Siok Ghee Ler, Jayantha Gunaratne, Teluguakula Narasaraju, Lok‐To Sham, Volker Patzel, Vincent T. Chow
Journal of Medical Virology, 13.12.2023
Tilføjet 13.12.2023
159
Resurgence of human metapneumovirus infection and influenza after three seasons of inactivity in the post‐COVID‐19 era in Hokkaido, Japan, 2022–2023
Yuya Fukuda, Atsuo Togashi, Satoshi Hirakawa, Masaki Yamamoto, Shinobu Fukumura, Tomohiro Nawa, Saho Honjo, Jun Kunizaki, Kouhei Nishino, Toju Tanaka, Toshitaka Kizawa, Dai Yamamoto, Ryoh Takeuchi, Yuta Sasaoka, Masayoshi Kikuchi, Takuro Ito, Kazushige Nagai, Hirofumi Asakura, Katsumasa Kudou, Masaki Yoshida, Takeshi Nishida, Takeshi Tsugawa
Journal of Medical Virology, 12.12.2023
Tilføjet 12.12.2023
160
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection of companion animals
Hinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 9.12.2023
Tilføjet 9.12.2023
161
Combined COVID-19, Flu Vaccine Candidate Headed to Phase 3 Trials
Journal of the American Medical Association, 6.12.2023
Tilføjet 6.12.2023
An investigational messenger RNA (mRNA)–based vaccine designed to protect against both influenza and COVID-19 induced virus-specific immune responses in people who received it, manufacturers Pfizer and BioNTech announced in a press release.
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162
Cost-effectiveness of Prefusion F Protein-based Vaccines Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease for Older Adults in the United States
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 5.12.2023
Tilføjet 5.12.2023
AbstractBackgroundTwo prefusion F protein-based vaccines, Arexvy and Abrysvo, have been authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration for protecting older adults against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract illness. We evaluated the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of these vaccines.MethodsWe developed a discrete-event simulation model, parameterized with the burden of RSV disease including outpatient care, hospitalization, and death for adults aged 60 years or older in the United States. Taking into account the costs associated with these RSV-related outcomes, we calculated the net monetary benefit using quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained as a measure of effectiveness and determined the range of price-per-dose (PPD) for Arexvy and Abrysvo vaccination programs to be cost-effective from a societal perspective.ResultsUsing a willingness-to-pay of $95 000 per QALY gained, we found that vaccination programs could be cost-effective for a PPD up to $127 with Arexvy and $118 with Abrysvo over the first RSV season. Achieving an influenza-like vaccination coverage of 66% for the population of older adults in the United States, the budget impact of these programs at the maximum PPD ranged from $6.48 to $6.78 billion. If the benefits of vaccination extend to a second RSV season as reported in clinical trials, we estimated a maximum PPD of $235 for Arexvy and $245 for Abrysvo, with 2-year budget impacts of $11.78 and $12.25 billion, respectively.ConclusionsVaccination of older adults would provide substantial direct health benefits by reducing outcomes associated with RSV-related illness in this population.
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163
Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-A-associated emergency department, urgent care, and hospitalization encounters among U.S. adults, 2022-2023
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4.12.2023
Tilføjet 4.12.2023
AbstractBackgroundThe 2022-2023 United States influenza season had unusually early influenza activity with high hospitalization rates. Vaccine-matched A(H3N2) viruses predominated, with lower levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 activity also observed.MethodsUsing the test-negative design, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2022-2023 season against influenza-A-associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and hospitalizations from October 2022-March 2023 among adults (age ≥18 years) with acute respiratory illness (ARI). VE was estimated by comparing odds of seasonal influenza vaccination among case-patients (influenza A test-positive by molecular assay) and controls (influenza test-negative), applying inverse-propensity-to-be-vaccinated weights.ResultsThe analysis included 85,389 ED/UC ARI encounters (17.0% influenza-A-positive; 37.8% vaccinated overall) and 19,751 hospitalizations (9.5% influenza-A-positive; 52.8% vaccinated overall). VE against influenza-A-associated ED/UC encounters was 44% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 40-47%) overall and 45% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively. VE against influenza-A-associated hospitalizations was 35% (95%CI: 27-43%) overall and 23% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively.ConclusionsVE was moderate during the 2022-2023 influenza season, a season characterized with increased burden of influenza and co-circulation with other respiratory viruses. Vaccination is likely to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality, and strain on healthcare resources.
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164
RSV neutralizing antibodies in dried blood
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4.12.2023
Tilføjet 4.12.2023
AbstractBackgroundThe key correlate of protection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is virus neutralization, measured using sera obtained through venipuncture. Dried blood obtained with a finger prick can simplify acquisition, processing, storage, and transport in trials, and thereby reduce costs. In this study we validate an assay to measure RSV neutralization in dried capillary blood.MethodsFunctional antibodies were compared between matched serum and dried blood samples from a phase I trial with RSM01, an investigational anti-RSV Prefusion F mAb. Hep-2 cells were infected with a serial dilution of sample-virus mixture using RSV-A2-mKate to determine half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Stability of dried blood was evaluated over time and during temperature stress.ResultsFunctional antibodies in dried blood were highly correlated with serum (R2 = 0.98, p
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165
Itaconate as a key regulator of respiratory disease
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 1.12.2023
Tilføjet 1.12.2023
SummaryMacrophage activation results in the accumulation of endogenous metabolites capable of adopting immunomodulatory roles; one such bioactive metabolite is itaconate. After macrophage stimulation, the TCA-cycle intermediate cis-aconitate is converted to itaconate (by aconitate decarboxylase-1, ACOD1) in the mitochondrial matrix. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of targeting itaconate as a therapeutic strategy for lung diseases such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and respiratory infections. This review aims to bring together evidence which highlights a role for itaconate in chronic lung diseases (such as asthma and pulmonary fibrosis) and respiratory infections (such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection). A better understanding of the role of itaconate in lung disease could pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions and improve patient outcomes in respiratory disorders.
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166
Correction: Influenza vaccination coverage and factors associated with severe laboratory-confirmed influenza-related illness in patients receiving care at a tertiary hospital in Catalonia (Spain) during the 2018–2019 epidemic season
Guillermo Mena, Irma Casas, Cristina Casañ, Mario Auñón, Lurdes Matas, Josep-Maria Mòdol, María Esteve
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
by Guillermo Mena, Irma Casas, Cristina Casañ, Mario Auñón, Lurdes Matas, Josep-Maria Mòdol, María Esteve
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167
Resurgence of influenza during COVID‐19 in Chongqing, China: A retrospective analysis
Zhourong Li, Yu Xiong, Jiang Long, Tingting Li, Xiaoqing Fu, Shuang Yang, Dechao Tian, Yong Zhao, Li Qi
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
168
Mendelian randomization study on the causal effect of serum IgA levels on H7N9 avian influenza A virus susceptibility
Qijun Liao, Juan Shen, Yongkun Chen, Yuelong Shu
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
169
[News] COVID-19—an infectious disease in the top five causes of death in Australia
Tony Kirby
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
The last time that an infectious disease ranked in the top five causes of death in Australia was in 1970 (influenza and pneumonia combined). However, COVID-19, after being successfully kept under control when Australia closed borders between 2020 and 2021, has surged into the top three causes of death in 2022. There were 9859 deaths due to COVID-19 registered in Australia in 2022, and the infection was mentioned as a contributing factor on a further 2782 death certificates. Ischaemic heart disease (19 858 deaths) and dementia, including Alzheimer\'s disease (17 106 deaths), were the only top two causes of death above COVID-19.
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170
[Spotlight] Vernon Lee—using one pandemic to prepare for the next
Tony Kirby
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
Vernon Lee can certainly describe himself as experienced in facing respiratory infection pandemics, having helped lead Singapore\'s response to SARS-CoV-2, and before that, having been involved in the response against H1N1 influenza and the original SARS virus. “One thing I have learned is no two wars are the same—each pandemic helps us prepare for the next, but each new one reveals gaps in our response which we must address”, Lee tells The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. He is leading on setting up the Singapore Ministry of Health\'s new Communicable Diseases Agency so that the country is best prepared for any pandemic threat.
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171
Safety and Immunogenicity of Bivalent RSVpreF Vaccine Coadministered with Seasonal Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are both typically seasonal diseases, with winter peaks in temperate climates. Coadministration of an RSV vaccine and influenza vaccine could be a benefit, requiring 1 rather than 2 visits to a healthcare provider for individuals receiving both vaccines.MethodsThe primary immunogenicity objective of this phase 3, 1:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy ≥65-year-olds in Australia was to demonstrate noninferiority of immune responses with coadministration of the stabilized RSV prefusion F protein−based vaccine (RSVpreF) and seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (SIIV) versus SIIV or RSVpreF administered alone, using a 1.5-fold noninferiority margin (lower bound 95% CI >0.667). Safety and tolerability were evaluated by collecting reactogenicity and adverse event data.ResultsOf 1403 participants randomized, 1399 received vaccinations (median [range] age, 70 [65‒91] years). Local reactions and systemic events were mostly mild or moderate when RSVpreF was coadministered with SIIV or administered alone. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Geometric mean ratios were 0.86 for RSV-A and 0.85 for RSV-B neutralizing titers at 1 month after RSVpreF administration and 0.77 to 0.90 for strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition assay titers at 1 month after SIIV. All comparisons achieved the prespecified 1.5-fold noninferiority margin.ConclusionThe primary study objectives were met, demonstrating noninferiority of RSVpreF and SIIV immune responses when RSVpreF was coadministered with SIIV and that RSVpreF had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile when coadministered with SIIV. The results of this study support coadministration of RSVpreF and SIIV in an older adult population.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT05301322
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172
Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Children—Reply
Journal of the American Medical Association, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
In Reply Mr Meng and colleagues express concern that testing for H influenzae, S pneumoniae, and M catarrhalis, which are frequently found to colonize the nasal passages of well children, might lead to increased antibiotic use. However, this will occur only if the results from our trial are applied indiscriminately to a population that was not included in our study.
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173
Antibody-mediated Suppression Regulates the Humoral Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in Humans
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundPre-existing immunity, including memory B-cells and pre-existing antibodies, can modulate antibody responses to influenza in vivo to antigenically related antigens. We investigated whether pre-existing hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies targeting the K163 epitope on the hemagglutinin (K163-antibodies) could affect antibody responses following vaccination with A/California/07/2009-like (CA/09) A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses in humans.MethodsPre- and post-vaccination sera collected from 300 adults (birth year:1961-1998) in 6 seasons (2010-2016) were analyzed using HAI assays with 2 reverse genetics viruses and A(H1N1) viruses circulated from 1977 to 2018. Antibody adsorption assays were used to verify the pre-existing K163-antibody-mediated suppression effect.ResultsPre-existing K163-antibody titers of ≥80 affected HAI antibody responses following influenza vaccination containing CA/09-like antigens. At high K163-antibody concentrations (HAI antibody titers≥160), all HAI antibody responses were suppressed, while at moderate K163-antibody concentrations (HAI antibody titer=80), only K163-epitope-specific antibody responses were suppressed and novel HAI antibody responses targeting the non-K163-epitope(s) were induced by vaccination. Novel antibodies targeting non-K163 epitope(s) cross-reacted with newly emerging A(H1N1)pdm09 strains with a K163Q mutation, rather than historic 1977-2007 A(H1N1) viruses.ConclusionK163-antibody-mediated suppression shapes antibody responses to A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination. Understanding how pre-existing antibodies suppress and redirect vaccine-induced antibody responses is of great importance to improve vaccine effectiveness.
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174
Goldilocks zone of preexisting immunity: too little or too much suppresses diverse antibody responses against influenza viruses
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
AbstractPreexisting immunity against influenza viruses has long been known to regulate the magnitude and specificity of vaccine-induced humoral immunity. In this manuscript by Lu et al., the authors highlight how varying levels of preexisting antibodies against a single site on hemagglutinin impact vaccine-induced antibody responses. This commentary discusses the essential findings and implications of the study, emphasizing the importance of understanding how preexisting antibodies suppress the diversification of humoral immunity and how next generation vaccine strategies can overcome preexisting immunity to generate immunity against ever-evolving influenza viruses.
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175
Vaccine Effectiveness Against Pediatric Influenza-A-Associated Urgent Care, Emergency Department, and Hospital Encounters During the 2022–2023 Season, VISION Network
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundDuring the 2022–2023 influenza season, the United States experienced the highest influenza-associated pediatric hospitalization rate since 2010–2011. Influenza A/H3N2 infections were predominant.MethodsWe analyzed acute respiratory illness (ARI)-associated emergency department or urgent care (ED/UC) encounters or hospitalizations at three health systems among children and adolescents aged 6 months–17 years who had influenza molecular testing during October 2022–March 2023. We estimated influenza A vaccine effectiveness (VE) using a test-negative approach. The odds of vaccination among influenza-A-positive cases and influenza-negative controls were compared after adjusting for confounders and applying inverse-propensity-to-be-vaccinated weights. We developed overall and age-stratified VE models.ResultsOverall, 13,547 of 44,787 (30.2%) eligible ED/UC encounters and 263 of 1,862 (14.1%) hospitalizations were influenza-A-positive cases. Among ED/UC patients, 15.2% of influenza-positive versus 27.1% of influenza-negative patients were vaccinated; VE was 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44%–52%) overall, 53% (95% CI, 47%–58%) among children aged 6 months–4 years and 38% (95% CI, 30%–45%) among those aged 9–17 years. Among hospitalizations, 17.5% of influenza-positive versus 33.4% of influenza-negative patients were vaccinated; VE was 40% (95% CI, 6%–61%) overall, 56% (95% CI, 23%–75%) among children ages 6 months–4 years and 46% (95% CI, 2%–70%) among those 5–17 years.ConclusionsDuring the 2022–2023 influenza season, vaccination reduced the risk of influenza-associated ED/UC encounters and hospitalizations by almost half (overall VE 40–48%). Influenza vaccination is a critical tool to prevent moderate-to-severe influenza illness in children and adolescents.
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176
[Perspectives] Phage stories
Philip Ball
Lancet, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
It is hardly surprising that viruses do not have a good press. The very name is derived from the Latin word for a poisonous and perhaps slimy substance. In a medical context, the word originally connoted a putrid excrescence caused by an infectious disease that could transmit the disease to others. The image of viruses as agents apt to spread and cause suffering has been secured in recent times by lethal influenza strains, HIV, and now of course SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that stopped the world.
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177
Leveraging vaccination-induced protective antibodies to define conserved epitopes on influenza N2 neuraminidase
Immunity, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Publication date: 14 November 2023 Source: Immunity, Volume 56, Issue 11 Author(s): Ruipeng Lei, Wooseob Kim, Huibin Lv, Zongjun Mou, Michael J. Scherm, Aaron J. Schmitz, Jackson S. Turner, Timothy J.C. Tan, Yiquan Wang, Wenhao O. Ouyang, Weiwen Liang, Joel Rivera-Cardona, Chuyun Teo, Claire S. Graham, Christopher B. Brooke, Rachel M. Presti, Chris K.P. Mok, Florian Krammer, Xinghong Dai, Ali H. Ellebedy
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178
High burden of acute respiratory tract infections leading to hospitalization at German pediatric hospitals: fall/winter 2022–2023
Infection, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Given reduced immunity levels for seasonally occurring respiratory infections and the experience of an unusually early, severe wave of RSV infections during 2021, a preexisting clinician-led reporting system (CLRS) was updated to prospectively monitor the anticipated high burden of respiratory infections (ARI) in German pediatric hospitals during fall/winter 2022–2023. Methods From September 13, 2022 through March 31, 2023, children hospitalized with ARI as a primary diagnosis were monitored via a national CLRS established by the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI). Once a week, the CLRS collected overall number of new hospital admissions, ARI-related admissions according to pathogen (SARS-CoV-2, RSV, influenza, and other), plus number of patients admitted to ICU with ARI as a primary diagnosis. Results With a high participation among children\'s hospitals across Germany (22.8%), 76 centers submitted 1,053 survey reports. ARI-related hospital admissions showed a steep rise starting in late September 2022 and reached their highpoint in early December 2022 (50.1% of all admissions). In parallel, the average number of newly admitted patients (aNA) with RSV (3.6) peaked, as did those with influenza (2.1) one week later. The average highpoint of ARI patients on ICU (aICU) (2.9) was reached shortly thereafter. Again, RSV (1.6) und influenza (1.2) were predominant pathogens. Conclusion In fall/winter 2022–2023, German hospitals reported a sharp increase in patients with ARIs. While RSV and influenza represented the greatest proportion of ARI, SARS-CoV-2 played a less significant role. Systematic, dynamic collection of ARI data is critical for assessing real burdens on the health care system.
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179
Influenza Antiviral Shortages Reported by Public Health Officials
Journal of the American Medical Association, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
This study provides survey results from state and territorial public health preparedness directors regarding antiviral shortages during the 2022-2023 respiratory viral season.
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180
High burden of acute respiratory tract infections leading to hospitalization at German pediatric hospitals: fall/winter 2022–2023
Infection, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Given reduced immunity levels for seasonally occurring respiratory infections and the experience of an unusually early, severe wave of RSV infections during 2021, a preexisting clinician-led reporting system (CLRS) was updated to prospectively monitor the anticipated high burden of respiratory infections (ARI) in German pediatric hospitals during fall/winter 2022–2023. Methods From September 13, 2022 through March 31, 2023, children hospitalized with ARI as a primary diagnosis were monitored via a national CLRS established by the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI). Once a week, the CLRS collected overall number of new hospital admissions, ARI-related admissions according to pathogen (SARS-CoV-2, RSV, influenza, and other), plus number of patients admitted to ICU with ARI as a primary diagnosis. Results With a high participation among children\'s hospitals across Germany (22.8%), 76 centers submitted 1,053 survey reports. ARI-related hospital admissions showed a steep rise starting in late September 2022 and reached their highpoint in early December 2022 (50.1% of all admissions). In parallel, the average number of newly admitted patients (aNA) with RSV (3.6) peaked, as did those with influenza (2.1) one week later. The average highpoint of ARI patients on ICU (aICU) (2.9) was reached shortly thereafter. Again, RSV (1.6) und influenza (1.2) were predominant pathogens. Conclusion In fall/winter 2022–2023, German hospitals reported a sharp increase in patients with ARIs. While RSV and influenza represented the greatest proportion of ARI, SARS-CoV-2 played a less significant role. Systematic, dynamic collection of ARI data is critical for assessing real burdens on the health care system.
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181
Standard-dose versus MF59-adjuvanted, high-dose or recombinant-hemagglutinin influenza vaccine immunogenicity in older adults: comparison of A(H3N2) antibody response by prior season’s vaccine status
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 13.11.2023
Tilføjet 13.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundAnnual influenza vaccination is recommended for older adults but repeated vaccination with standard-dose influenza vaccine has been linked to reduced immunogenicity and effectiveness, especially against A(H3N2) viruses.MethodsCommunity-dwelling Hong Kong adults aged 65-82 years were randomly allocated to receive 2017/18 standard-dose quadrivalent, MF59-adjuvanted trivalent, high-dose trivalent, and recombinant-HA quadrivalent vaccination. Antibody response to unchanged A(H3N2) vaccine antigen was compared among participants with and without self-reported prior year (2016/17) standard-dose vaccination.ResultsMean fold rise (MFR) in antibody titers from Day 0 to Day 30 by hemagglutination inhibition and virus microneutralization assays were lower among 2017/18 standard-dose and enhanced vaccine recipients with (range, 1.7-3.0) vs. without (range, 4.3-14.3) prior 2016/17 vaccination. MFR was significantly reduced by about one half to four fifths for previously vaccinated recipients of standard-dose and all three enhanced vaccines (β range, 0.21-0.48). Among prior-year vaccinated older adults, enhanced vaccines induced higher 1.43 to 2.39-fold geometric mean titers and 1.28 to 1.74-fold MFR vs. standard-dose vaccine by microneutralization assay.ConclusionsIn the context of unchanged A(H3N2) vaccine strain, prior-year vaccination was associated with reduced antibody response among both standard-dose and enhanced influenza vaccine recipients. Enhanced vaccines improved antibody response among older adults with prior-year standard-dose vaccination.
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182
SARS-CoV-2 trends in Italy, Germany and Portugal and school opening during the period of Omicron variant dominance: a quasi-experimental study
Federica Bellerba, Nils Bardeck, Michael Boehm, Oriana D'Ecclesiis, Sara Raimondi, Elisa Tomezzoli, Mafalda Silva Miranda, Inês Martins Alves, Daniela Alves, Ana Abecasis, Valeria Gabellone, Elisa Gabrielli, Giulia Vaglio, Elham Shamsara, Nico Pfeifer, Chiara Mommo, Francesca Incardona, Rolf Kaiser, Sara Gandini
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.11.2023
Tilføjet 12.11.2023
As part of the global reaction to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, primary and secondary schools were closed to on-site learning in many countries. This decision was based on data extrapolated from influenza transmission models, which suggested that closing schools could help reduce the spread of infections[1]. However, the effectiveness of this measure for SARS-CoV-2 was unclear. Several studies about the impact of school openings found conflicting results on community transmission, with some suggesting substantial increases in positivity rates[2], and others suggesting a small impact[3], [4] or no effect after adjusting for community incidence[5]–[7].
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183
Vaccination Hesitancy Increasing Among Pregnant Women
Journal of the American Medical Association, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
More pregnant women in the US were hesitant to receive common vaccinations in 2022 to 2023 compared with 2021 to 2022, researchers reported in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Women who reported being “very hesitant” to receive the influenza vaccine increased from 17% to 25% during that period, while hesitancy to receive the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine rose from 15% to 20%, according to survey data from 1814 pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years.
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184
Antibiotic use in children hospitalised for influenza, 2010–2021: the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT)
Infection, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
Abstract Purpose To determine characteristics associated with inappropriate antibiotic use amongst children hospitalised for influenza. Methods We performed active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations amongst children ≤ 16 years old at the 12 Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active hospitals, from September 2010 to August 2021. Antibiotic use was presumed appropriate if any of the following indications were met: age
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185
Exploring the impact of population ageing on the spread of emerging respiratory infections and the associated burden of mortality
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Increasing life expectancy and persistently low fertility levels have led to old population age structures in most high-income countries, and population ageing is expected to continue or even accelerate in the coming decades. While older adults on average have few interactions that potentially could lead to disease transmission, their morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases, respiratory infections in particular, remain substantial. We aim to explore how population ageing affects the future transmission dynamics and mortality burden of emerging respiratory infections. Methods Using longitudinal individual-level data from population registers, we model the Belgian population with evolving age and household structures, and explicitly consider long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Three scenarios are presented for the future proportion of older adults living in LTCFs. For each demographic scenario, we simulate outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 and a novel influenza A virus in 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 and distinguish between household and community transmission. We estimate attack rates by age and household size/type, as well as disease-related deaths and the associated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) lost. Results As the population is ageing, small households and LTCFs become more prevalent. Additionally, families with children become smaller (i.e. low fertility, single-parent families). The overall attack rate slightly decreases as the population is ageing, but to a larger degree for influenza than for SARS-CoV-2 due to differential age-specific attack rates. Nevertheless, the number of deaths and QALY losses per 1,000 people is increasing for both infections and at a speed influenced by the share living in LTCFs. Conclusion Population ageing is associated with smaller outbreaks of COVID-19 and influenza, but at the same time it is causing a substantially larger burden of mortality, even if the proportion of LTCF residents were to decrease. These relationships are influenced by age patterns in epidemiological parameters. Not only the shift in the age distribution, but also the induced changes in the household structures are important to consider when assessing the potential impact of population ageing on the transmission and burden of emerging respiratory infections.
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186
Exploring the impact of population ageing on the spread of emerging respiratory infections and the associated burden of mortality
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Increasing life expectancy and persistently low fertility levels have led to old population age structures in most high-income countries, and population ageing is expected to continue or even accelerate in the coming decades. While older adults on average have few interactions that potentially could lead to disease transmission, their morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases, respiratory infections in particular, remain substantial. We aim to explore how population ageing affects the future transmission dynamics and mortality burden of emerging respiratory infections. Methods Using longitudinal individual-level data from population registers, we model the Belgian population with evolving age and household structures, and explicitly consider long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Three scenarios are presented for the future proportion of older adults living in LTCFs. For each demographic scenario, we simulate outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 and a novel influenza A virus in 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 and distinguish between household and community transmission. We estimate attack rates by age and household size/type, as well as disease-related deaths and the associated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) lost. Results As the population is ageing, small households and LTCFs become more prevalent. Additionally, families with children become smaller (i.e. low fertility, single-parent families). The overall attack rate slightly decreases as the population is ageing, but to a larger degree for influenza than for SARS-CoV-2 due to differential age-specific attack rates. Nevertheless, the number of deaths and QALY losses per 1,000 people is increasing for both infections and at a speed influenced by the share living in LTCFs. Conclusion Population ageing is associated with smaller outbreaks of COVID-19 and influenza, but at the same time it is causing a substantially larger burden of mortality, even if the proportion of LTCF residents were to decrease. These relationships are influenced by age patterns in epidemiological parameters. Not only the shift in the age distribution, but also the induced changes in the household structures are important to consider when assessing the potential impact of population ageing on the transmission and burden of emerging respiratory infections.
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187
Association between ozone and influenza transmissibility in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Common air pollutants such as ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter play significant roles as influential factors in influenza-like illness (ILI). However, evidence regarding the impact of O3 on influenza transmissibility in multi-subtropical regions is limited, and our understanding of the effects of O3 on influenza transmissibility in temperate regions remain unknown. Methods We studied the transmissibility of influenza in eight provinces across both temperate and subtropical regions in China based on 2013 to 2018 provincial-level surveillance data on influenza-like illness (ILI) incidence and viral activity. We estimated influenza transmissibility by using the instantaneous reproduction number ( ({R}_{t}) ) and examined the relationships between transmissibility and daily O3 concentrations, air temperature, humidity, and school holidays. We developed a multivariable regression model for ({R}_{t}) to quantify the contribution of O3 to variations in transmissibility. Results Our findings revealed a significant association between O3 and influenza transmissibility. In Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Jiangsu, the association exhibited a U-shaped trend. In Liaoning, Gansu, Hunan, and Guangdong, the association was L-shaped. When aggregating data across all eight provinces, a U-shaped association was emerged. O3 was able to accounted for up to 13% of the variance in ({R}_{t}) . O3 plus other environmental drivers including mean daily temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and school holidays explained up to 20% of the variance in ({R}_{t}) . Conclusions O3 was a significant driver of influenza transmissibility, and the association between O3 and influenza transmissibility tended to display a U-shaped pattern.
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188
Association between ozone and influenza transmissibility in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Common air pollutants such as ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter play significant roles as influential factors in influenza-like illness (ILI). However, evidence regarding the impact of O3 on influenza transmissibility in multi-subtropical regions is limited, and our understanding of the effects of O3 on influenza transmissibility in temperate regions remain unknown. Methods We studied the transmissibility of influenza in eight provinces across both temperate and subtropical regions in China based on 2013 to 2018 provincial-level surveillance data on influenza-like illness (ILI) incidence and viral activity. We estimated influenza transmissibility by using the instantaneous reproduction number ( ({R}_{t}) ) and examined the relationships between transmissibility and daily O3 concentrations, air temperature, humidity, and school holidays. We developed a multivariable regression model for ({R}_{t}) to quantify the contribution of O3 to variations in transmissibility. Results Our findings revealed a significant association between O3 and influenza transmissibility. In Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Jiangsu, the association exhibited a U-shaped trend. In Liaoning, Gansu, Hunan, and Guangdong, the association was L-shaped. When aggregating data across all eight provinces, a U-shaped association was emerged. O3 was able to accounted for up to 13% of the variance in ({R}_{t}) . O3 plus other environmental drivers including mean daily temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and school holidays explained up to 20% of the variance in ({R}_{t}) . Conclusions O3 was a significant driver of influenza transmissibility, and the association between O3 and influenza transmissibility tended to display a U-shaped pattern.
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189
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Pre-pandemic among Adults Hospitalized with Congestive Heart Failure, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Older Adults
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundData are limited about influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the prevention of influenza-related hospitalizations in older adults and those with underlying high-risk comorbidities.MethodsWe conducted a prospective test-negative case-control study at two US hospitals from October 2018–March 2020 among adults ≥50 years of age hospitalized with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) and adults ≥18 years admitted with congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Adults were eligible if they resided in 1 of 8 counties in metropolitan Atlanta, GA. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested using BioFire® FilmArray® respiratory panel, and standard-of-care molecular results were included when available. Influenza vaccination history was determined from the Georgia vaccine registry and medical records. We used multivariable logistic regression to control for potential confounders and to determine 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsAmong 3,090 eligible adults, 1562 (50.6%) were enrolled. Of the 1515 with influenza vaccination history available, 701 (46.2%) had received vaccination during that season. Influenza was identified in 37 (5.3%) vaccinated vs. 78 (9.6%) unvaccinated participants. After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, immunosuppression, month, and season, pooled VE for any influenza-related hospitalization in the eligible study population was 63.1% (95% CI: 43.8, 75.8). Adjusted VE against influenza-related hospitalization for ARI in adults ≥50 years was 55.9% (29.9, 72.3) and adjusted VE against Influenza-related CHF/COPD exacerbation in adults ≥18 years was 80.3% (36.3, 93.9).ConclusionsInfluenza vaccination was effective in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations in adults ≥50 years of age and those with CHF/COPD exacerbations during the 2018–2020 seasons.
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190
Development of a rapid, sensitive detection method for SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza virus based on recombinase polymerase amplification combined with CRISPR‐Cas12a assay
Yuning Wang, Liqiang Wu, Xiaomei Yu, Gang Wang, Ting Pan, Zhao Huang, Ting Cui, Tianxun Huang, Zhentao Huang, Libo Nie, Chungen Qian
Journal of Medical Virology, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
191
Exploring the impact of population ageing on the spread of emerging respiratory infections and the associated burden of mortality
BMC Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract Background Increasing life expectancy and persistently low fertility levels have led to old population age structures in most high-income countries, and population ageing is expected to continue or even accelerate in the coming decades. While older adults on average have few interactions that potentially could lead to disease transmission, their morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases, respiratory infections in particular, remain substantial. We aim to explore how population ageing affects the future transmission dynamics and mortality burden of emerging respiratory infections. Methods Using longitudinal individual-level data from population registers, we model the Belgian population with evolving age and household structures, and explicitly consider long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Three scenarios are presented for the future proportion of older adults living in LTCFs. For each demographic scenario, we simulate outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 and a novel influenza A virus in 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 and distinguish between household and community transmission. We estimate attack rates by age and household size/type, as well as disease-related deaths and the associated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) lost. Results As the population is ageing, small households and LTCFs become more prevalent. Additionally, families with children become smaller (i.e. low fertility, single-parent families). The overall attack rate slightly decreases as the population is ageing, but to a larger degree for influenza than for SARS-CoV-2 due to differential age-specific attack rates. Nevertheless, the number of deaths and QALY losses per 1,000 people is increasing for both infections and at a speed influenced by the share living in LTCFs. Conclusion Population ageing is associated with smaller outbreaks of COVID-19 and influenza, but at the same time it is causing a substantially larger burden of mortality, even if the proportion of LTCF residents were to decrease. These relationships are influenced by age patterns in epidemiological parameters. Not only the shift in the age distribution, but also the induced changes in the household structures are important to consider when assessing the potential impact of population ageing on the transmission and burden of emerging respiratory infections.
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192
Influenza virus cell entry and targeted antiviral development
Murong Zhu, Varada Anirudhan, Ruikun Du, Lijun Rong, Qinghua Cui
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
193
Association between ozone and influenza transmissibility in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract Background Common air pollutants such as ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter play significant roles as influential factors in influenza-like illness (ILI). However, evidence regarding the impact of O3 on influenza transmissibility in multi-subtropical regions is limited, and our understanding of the effects of O3 on influenza transmissibility in temperate regions remain unknown. Methods We studied the transmissibility of influenza in eight provinces across both temperate and subtropical regions in China based on 2013 to 2018 provincial-level surveillance data on influenza-like illness (ILI) incidence and viral activity. We estimated influenza transmissibility by using the instantaneous reproduction number ( ({R}_{t}) ) and examined the relationships between transmissibility and daily O3 concentrations, air temperature, humidity, and school holidays. We developed a multivariable regression model for ({R}_{t}) to quantify the contribution of O3 to variations in transmissibility. Results Our findings revealed a significant association between O3 and influenza transmissibility. In Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Jiangsu, the association exhibited a U-shaped trend. In Liaoning, Gansu, Hunan, and Guangdong, the association was L-shaped. When aggregating data across all eight provinces, a U-shaped association was emerged. O3 was able to accounted for up to 13% of the variance in ({R}_{t}) . O3 plus other environmental drivers including mean daily temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and school holidays explained up to 20% of the variance in ({R}_{t}) . Conclusions O3 was a significant driver of influenza transmissibility, and the association between O3 and influenza transmissibility tended to display a U-shaped pattern.
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194
Antibiotic use in children hospitalised for influenza, 2010–2021: the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT)
Infection, 6.11.2023
Tilføjet 6.11.2023
Abstract Purpose To determine characteristics associated with inappropriate antibiotic use amongst children hospitalised for influenza. Methods We performed active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations amongst children ≤ 16 years old at the 12 Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active hospitals, from September 2010 to August 2021. Antibiotic use was presumed appropriate if any of the following indications were met: age
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195
Phylogenetic identification of influenza virus candidates for seasonal vaccines
Maryam Hayati, Benjamin Sobkowiak, Jessica E. Stockdale, Caroline Colijn
Science Advances, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
196
[Articles] Transplacental transfer efficiency of maternal antibodies against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and dynamics of naturally acquired antibodies in Chinese children: a longitudinal, paired mother–neonate cohort study
Mei Li, Wei Wang, Junbo Chen, Zhifei Zhan, Meng Xu, Nuolan Liu, Lingshuang Ren, Lei You, Wen Zheng, Huilin Shi, Zeyao Zhao, Chaoyang Huang, Xinhua Chen, Nan Zheng, Wanying Lu, Xiaoyu Zhou, Jiaxin Zhou, Qiaohong Liao, Juan Yang, Mark Jit, Henrik Salje, Hongjie Yu
The Lancet Microbe, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Our findings suggest low pre-existing immunity against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus among unvaccinated Chinese adult female and paediatric populations. This evidence, together with the rapid decay of maternal antibodies and the observed cross-reactivity among different A(H1N1)pdm09 strains, highlights the importance of accelerating maternal and paediatric influenza vaccination in China.
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197
[Articles] Severity of influenza-associated hospitalisations by influenza virus type and subtype in the USA, 2010–19: a repeated cross-sectional study
Kelsey M Sumner, Svetlana Masalovich, Alissa O'Halloran, Rachel Holstein, Arthur Reingold, Pam Daily Kirley, Nisha B Alden, Rachel K Herlihy, James Meek, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, Evan J Anderson, Kyle P Openo, Maya L Monroe, Lauren Leegwater, Justin Henderson, Ruth Lynfield, Melissa McMahon, Chelsea McMullen, Kathy M Angeles, Nancy L Spina, Kerianne Engesser, Nancy M Bennett, Christina B Felsen, Krista Lung, Eli Shiltz, Ann Thomas, H Keipp Talbot, William Schaffner, Ashley Swain, Andrea George, Melissa A Rolfes, Carrie Reed, Shikha Garg
The Lancet Microbe, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Despite a higher burden of hospitalisations with influenza A H3N2, we found an increased likelihood of in-hospital severe outcomes in individuals hospitalised with influenza A H1N1pdm09 or influenza B virus. Thus, it is important for individuals to receive an annual influenza vaccine and for health-care providers to provide early antiviral treatment for patients with suspected influenza who are at increased risk of severe outcomes, not only when there is high influenza A H3N2 virus circulation but also when influenza A H1N1pdm09 and influenza B viruses are circulating.
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198
Antibodies elicited in humans upon chimeric hemagglutinin-based influenza virus vaccination confer FcγR-dependent protection in vivo
Julia E. EdgarStephanie TreziseRobert M. AnthonyFlorian KrammerPeter PaleseJeffrey V. RavetchStylianos BournazosaLaboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065bCenter for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129cDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029dCenter for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029eDepartment of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029fDepartment of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
199
The value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and PLT count for the diagnosis and prediction of COVID-19 severity
Yingji Chen, Pingyang Han, Yunjie Gao, Ruifeng Jiang, Mei Tao, Ximin Li
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
by Yingji Chen, Pingyang Han, Yunjie Gao, Ruifeng Jiang, Mei Tao, Ximin Li Background COVID-19 and influenza A can cause severe respiratory illness. Differentiating between the two diseases and identifying critically ill patients in times of epidemics become a challenge for frontline medical staff. We sought to investigate whether both diseases and their severity could be recognized by routine blood parameters. Methods Our retrospective study analysed the clinical data and first-time routine blood parameters of 80 influenza A patients and 123 COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients were divided into three groups according to treatment modalities and outcomes: outpatient group, inpatient without invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) group, and inpatient with IMV group. We used the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests to analyze the differences in routine blood parameters between the two or three groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. Results Compared with outpatient influenza A patients, outpatient COVID-19 patients had a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (6.63 vs 3.55). ROC analysis showed that the NLR had a high diagnostic value for differentiating COVID-19 from influenza A (AUC = 0.739). The best cut-off point of the NLR was 6.48, the diagnostic sensitivity was 0.523, and the specificity was 0.925. The median platelet (PLT) count in the different COVID-19 groups was as follows: outpatient group (189×109/L), inpatient without IMV group (161×109/L), and inpatient with IMV group (94×109/L). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found a significant association between PLT and treatment modality and outcome in COVID-19 patients (p
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200
Tick‐borne encephalitis: A comprehensive review of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture
Gabriele Chiffi; Denis Grandgirard; Stephen L. Leib; Aleš Chrdle; Daniel Růžek;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus commonly found in at least 27 European and Asian countries. It is an emerging public health problem, with steadily increasing case numbers over recent decades. Tick‐borne encephalitis virus affects between 10,000 and 15,000 patients annually. Infection occurs through the bite of an infected tick and, much less commonly, through infected milk consumption or aerosols. The TBEV genome comprises a positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA molecule of ∼11 kilobases. The open reading frame is > 10,000 bases long, flanked by untranslated regions (UTR), and encodes a polyprotein that is co‐ and post‐transcriptionally processed into three structural and seven non‐structural proteins. Tick‐borne encephalitis virus infection results in encephalitis, often with a characteristic biphasic disease course. After a short incubation time, the viraemic phase is characterised by non‐specific influenza‐like symptoms. After an asymptomatic period of 2–7 days, more than half of patients show progression to a neurological phase, usually characterised by central and, rarely, peripheral nervous system symptoms. Mortality is low—around 1% of confirmed cases, depending on the viral subtype. After acute tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE), a minority of patients experience long‐term neurological deficits. Additionally, 40%–50% of patients develop a post‐encephalitic syndrome, which significantly impairs daily activities and quality of life. Although TBEV has been described for several decades, no specific treatment exists. Much remains unknown regarding the objective assessment of long‐lasting sequelae. Additional research is needed to better understand, prevent, and treat TBE. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture of TBE.
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