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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (pneumoni) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
322 emner vises.
Grapin, Kévin; De Bauchene, Romain; Bonnet, Benjamin; Mirand, Audrey; Cassagnes, Lucie; Calvet, Laure; Thouy, François; Bouzgarrou, Radhia; Henquell, Cécile; Evrard, Bertrand; Adda, Mireille; Souweine, Bertrand; Dupuis, Claire
Critical Care Medicine, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Background: Inconsistent results from COVID-19 studies raise the issue of patient heterogeneity. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify homogeneous subgroups of patients (clusters) using baseline characteristics including inflammatory biomarkers and the extent of lung parenchymal lesions on CT, and to compare their outcomes. Design: Retrospective single-center study. Setting: Medical ICU of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France. Patients: All consecutive adult patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years, admitted between March 20, 2020, and August 31, 2021, for COVID-19 pneumonia. Interventions: Characteristics at baseline, during ICU stay, and outcomes at day 60 were recorded. On the chest CT performed at admission the extent of lung parenchyma lesions was established by artificial intelligence software. Measurements and Main Results: Clusters were determined by hierarchical clustering on principal components using principal component analysis of admission characteristics including plasma interleukin-6, human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DR expression rate on blood monocytes (HLA-DR) monocytic-expression rate (mHLA-DR), and the extent of lung parenchymal lesions. Factors associated with day 60 mortality were investigated by univariate survival analysis. Two hundred seventy patients were included. Four clusters were identified and three were fully described. Cluster 1 (obese patients, with moderate hypoxemia, moderate extent of lung parenchymal lesions, no inflammation, and no down-regulation of mHLA-DR) had a better prognosis at day 60 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.27 [0.15–0.46], p < 0.01), whereas cluster 2 (older patients with comorbidities, moderate extent of lung parenchyma lesions but significant hypoxemia, inflammation, and down-regulation of mHLA-DR) and cluster 3 (patients with severe parenchymal disease, hypoxemia, inflammatory reaction, and down-regulation of mHLA-DR) had an increased risk of mortality (HR = 2.07 [1.37–3.13], p < 0.01 and HR = 1.52 [1–2.32], p = 0.05, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only clusters 1 and 2 were independently associated with day 60 death. Conclusions: Three clusters with distinct characteristics and outcomes were identified. Such clusters could facilitate the identification of targeted populations for the next trials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLi DingSiquan ShenJing ChenZhen TianQingyu ShiRenru HanYan GuoFupin Hu1Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China2Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China3Hangzhou Matridx Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, Jennifer Dien Bard
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
Benboubker Moussa, Bouchra Oumokhtar, Btissam Arhoune, Abdelhamid Massik, Samira Elfakir, Mohamed Khalis, Hammad Soudi, Fouzia Hmami
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
by Benboubker Moussa, Bouchra Oumokhtar, Btissam Arhoune, Abdelhamid Massik, Samira Elfakir, Mohamed Khalis, Hammad Soudi, Fouzia Hmami Background Klebsiella spp. can colonize the intestine of preterm neonates, and over-growth has been associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, hospital-acquired infections, and late-onset sepsis. This could lead us to suggest that the clinical pertinence of intestinal colonization with ESBL in preterm neonates appears to be important. We conducted this study to characterize the genetic proprieties of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) under clinical isolates and to describe the risk factors for the intestinal tract acquisition event during hospitalization. Methods One hundred and thirteen premature infants were recruited from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). All newborns are issued from the birth suites of the pregnancy department. Two rectal swabs were planned to define K. Pneumoniae intestinal carriage status. ESBL-KP was confirmed by Brilliance ESBL selective chromogenic Agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing including phenotypic testing and genotypic detection of the most commonly described ESBL genes was done. Logistic regression models were performed to find the variables associated with the acquisition event of ESBL-KP. Results A total of 62 (54.86%) premature neonates were colonized with ESBL-KP. The rate of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCTX-M9, and blaOXA-48 genes among the isolates was 82, 48, 93.5, 4.8, 11.2 and 3.22%, respectively. We found that ESBLs K. Pneumoniae isolates were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid-amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. The regression model is for a given significant association between the tract intestinal of ESBL-KP acquisition events and the use of enteral tube feeding (OR = 38.46, 95% CI: 7.86–188.20, p-Value: 0.001), and endotracheal tubes (OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.37–17.19, p-Value 0.014). Conclusion Our finding supposes that the enteral feeding tube and endotracheal tube might have a critical role in colonizing the intestinal tract of preterm infants. This highlights the current status of both practices that will require updated procedures in the NICU.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract Background Given the widespread prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), oral and neck examinations tend to be avoided in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. This might delay the diagnosis of conditions such as Lemierre’s syndrome, which involves symptoms resembling COVID-19-related throat manifestations. Case presentation A 24-year-old man without any underlying conditions was diagnosed with COVID-19 7 days before presentation. He was admitted to another hospital 1 day before presentation with severe COVID-19 and suspected bacterial pneumonia; accordingly, he was started on treatment with remdesivir and meropenem. Owing to bacteremic complications, the patient was transferred to our hospital for intensive care. On the sixth day, the patient experienced hemoptysis; further, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed new pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms. Successful embolization was performed to achieve hemostasis. In blood cultures conducted at the previous hospital, Fusobacterium nucleatum was isolated, suggesting a cervical origin of the infection. A neck CT scan confirmed a peritonsillar abscess and left internal jugular vein thrombus; accordingly, he was diagnosed with Lemierre’s syndrome. The treatment was switched to ampicillin/sulbactam, based on the drug susceptibility results. After 6 weeks of treatment, the patient completely recovered without complications. Conclusion This case highlights the significance of thorough oral and neck examinations in patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 for the detection of throat and neck symptoms caused by other conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDo Rego, Hermann; Timsit, Jean-François
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Purpose of review This review focuses on the management of severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in critically ill patients. Recent findings Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen in intensive care; the main related infections are nosocomial pneumonias, then bloodstream infections. Antimicrobial resistance is common; despite new antibiotics, it is associated with increased mortality, and can lead to a therapeutic deadlock. Summary Carbapenem resistance in difficult-to-treat P. aeruginosa (DTR-PA) strains is primarily mediated by loss or reduction of the OprD porin, overexpression of the cephalosporinase AmpC, and/or overexpression of efflux pumps. However, the role of carbapenemases, particularly metallo-β-lactamases, has become more important. Ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam and imipenem-relebactam are useful against DTR phenotypes (noncarbapenemase producers). Other new agents, such as aztreonam-ceftazidime-avibactam or cefiderocol, or colistin, might be effective for carbapenemase producers. Regarding nonantibiotic agents, only phages might be considered, pending further clinical trials. Combination therapy does not reduce mortality, but may be necessary for empirical treatment. Short-term treatment of severe P. aeruginosa infections should be preferred when it is expected that the clinical situation resolves rapidly.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJung, Jae; Cozzi, Francesca; Forrest, Graeme N.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 6.11.2023
Tilføjet 6.11.2023
Purpose of review This review will describe role of shorter antibiotic therapies, early switch from intravenous to oral therapy, and artificial intelligence in infectious diseases. Recent findings There is evidence that shorter courses of antibiotics are noninferior to standard durations of therapy. This has been demonstrated with Enterobacterales bacteremia that can be treated with 7 days of therapy, community acquired pneumonia with 3 days and ventilator associated pneumonia with just 7 days of antibiotic therapy. The conversion from intravenous to oral therapy in treating bacteremia, endocarditis and bone and joint infections is safe and effective and reduces line complications and costs. Also, for clean surgical procedures only one dose of antibiotic is needed, but it should be the most effective antibiotic which is cefazolin. This means avoiding clindamycin, removing penicillin allergies where possible for improved outcomes. Finally, the role of artificial intelligence to incorporate into using antibiotics wisely is rapidly emerging but is still in early stages. Summary In using antibiotics wisely, targeting such as durations of therapy and conversion from intravenous antibiotic therapy to oral are low hanging fruit. The future of artificial intelligence could automate a lot of this work and is exciting but needs to be proven. Video abstract http://links.lww.com/COID/A50
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.11.2023
Tilføjet 6.11.2023
Abstract Purpose To determine characteristics associated with inappropriate antibiotic use amongst children hospitalised for influenza. Methods We performed active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations amongst children ≤ 16 years old at the 12 Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active hospitals, from September 2010 to August 2021. Antibiotic use was presumed appropriate if any of the following indications were met: age
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 5.11.2023
Tilføjet 5.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a major cause of child death. We investigated the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae in a pediatric fever clinic and explored the genomics basis of the limited vaccine response of serotype 14 strains worldwide. Methods Febrile disease and pneumonia were diagnosed following criteria from the WHO at the end of 2019 at a tertiary children’s hospital. Spn was isolated by culture from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. The density was determined by lytA-base qPCR. Isolates were serotyped by Quellung and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Whole-genome sequencing was employed for molecular serotyping, MLST, antibiotic gene determination, SNP calling, recombination prediction, and phylogenetic analysis. Results The presence of pneumococcus in the nasopharynx (87.5%, 7/8, p = 0.0227) and a high carriage (100%, 7/7, p = 0.0123) were significantly associated with pneumonia development. Living with siblings (73.7%, 14/19, p = 0.0125) and non-vaccination (56.0%, 28/50, p = 0.0377) contributed significantly to the Spn carriage. Serotype 14 was the most prevalent strain (16.67%, 5/30). The genome analysis of 1497 serotype 14 strains indicated S14/ST876 strains were only prevalent in China, presented limited vaccine responses with higher recombination activities within its cps locus, and unique variation patterns in the genes wzg and lrp. Conclusion With the lifting of the one-child policy, it will be crucial for families with multiple children to get PCV vaccinations in China. Due to the highly variant cps locus and distinctive variation patterns in capsule shedding and binding proteins genes, the prevalent S14/ST876 strains have shown poor response to current vaccines. It is necessary to continue monitoring the molecular epidemiology of this vaccine escape clone.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlshaer, Mohammad H.; Williams, Roy; Mousa, Mays J.; Alexander, Kaitlin M.; Maguigan, Kelly L.; Manigaba, Kayihura; Maranchick, Nicole; Shoulders, Bethany R.; Felton, Timothy W.; Mathew, Sumith K.; Peloquin, Charles A.
Critical Care Explorations, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
IMPORTANCE: Sepsis and septic shock are major healthcare problems that need early and appropriate management. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of daily cefepime pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters with change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and vasopressors requirement. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a retrospective study. Adult ICU patients who received cefepime for Gram-negative pneumonia or bloodstream infection (BSI) and had cefepime concentrations measured were included. Daily cefepime exposure was generated and PK/PD parameters calculated for patients. Repeated-measures mixed-effect modeling was used to evaluate the impact of PK/PD on the outcomes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Change in daily SOFA score and vasopressors requirement. RESULTS: A total of 394 and 207 patients were included in the SOFA and vasopressors analyses, respectively. The mean (±sd) age was 55 years (19) and weight 81 kg (29). For the change in SOFA score, daily SOFA score, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and number of vasopressors were included. In the vasopressors analysis, daily SOFA score, day of therapy, and hydrocortisone dose were significant covariates in the final model. Achieving cefepime concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (T>MIC) for 100% of the dosing interval was associated with 0.006 µg/kg/min decrease in norepinephrine-equivalent dose. Cefepime PK/PD did not have an impact on the daily change in SOFA score. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Achieving 100% T>MIC was associated with negligible decrease in vasopressors requirement in ICU patients with Gram-negative pneumonia and BSI. There was no impact on the change in SOFA score.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrançois, Mickael; Daubin, Delphine; Menouche, Dehbia; Gaillet, Antoine; Provoost, Judith; Trusson, Remi; Arrestier, Romain; Hequet, Olivier; Richard, Jean‑Christophe; Moranne, Olivier; Larcher, Romaric; Klouche, Kada
Critical Care Explorations, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine, in critically ill patients treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), the incidence of adverse events as well as the incidence of secondary infections and its predictive factors. DESIGN: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of an intensive care population treated with TPE to collect adverse events and infectious complications. The characteristics of patients who developed an infection after plasma exchange were compared with those of patients who did not. SETTING: Four ICUs of French university hospitals. PATIENTS: All adults admitted between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, who received at least one plasma exchange session were included. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 711 TPE sessions were performed on 124 patients. The most frequent TPE indications were thrombotic microangiopathies (n = 32, 26%), myasthenia gravis (n = 25, 20%), and acute polyradiculoneuropathy (n = 12, 10%). Among the 124 patients, 22 (21%) developed arterial hypotension, 12 (12%) fever, and 9 (9%) electrolyte disturbance during TPE. Moreover, 60 (48%) presented at least one infectious complication: ventilator-associated pneumonia 42, pneumonia 13, bacteremia 18 (of which 6 catheter-related infections) viral reactivation 14. Independent risk factors for ICU-acquired infection were the ICU length of stay (24 vs. 7 d; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.09 [1.04–1.15], p < 0.001) and invasive mechanical ventilation (92% vs. 35%; HR: 16.2 [5.0–53.0], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill patients treated with TPE, adverse events occurring during the procedure remain moderately frequent and are mostly not life-threatening. Infectious complications, mainly ventilation-associated pneumonia, are frequent in this population. The need of mechanical ventilation and longer ICU stay is associated with an increased risk of infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a major cause of child death. We investigated the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae in a pediatric fever clinic and explored the genomics basis of the limited vaccine response of serotype 14 strains worldwide. Methods Febrile disease and pneumonia were diagnosed following criteria from the WHO at the end of 2019 at a tertiary children’s hospital. Spn was isolated by culture from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. The density was determined by lytA-base qPCR. Isolates were serotyped by Quellung and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Whole-genome sequencing was employed for molecular serotyping, MLST, antibiotic gene determination, SNP calling, recombination prediction, and phylogenetic analysis. Results The presence of pneumococcus in the nasopharynx (87.5%, 7/8, p = 0.0227) and a high carriage (100%, 7/7, p = 0.0123) were significantly associated with pneumonia development. Living with siblings (73.7%, 14/19, p = 0.0125) and non-vaccination (56.0%, 28/50, p = 0.0377) contributed significantly to the Spn carriage. Serotype 14 was the most prevalent strain (16.67%, 5/30). The genome analysis of 1497 serotype 14 strains indicated S14/ST876 strains were only prevalent in China, presented limited vaccine responses with higher recombination activities within its cps locus, and unique variation patterns in the genes wzg and lrp. Conclusion With the lifting of the one-child policy, it will be crucial for families with multiple children to get PCV vaccinations in China. Due to the highly variant cps locus and distinctive variation patterns in capsule shedding and binding proteins genes, the prevalent S14/ST876 strains have shown poor response to current vaccines. It is necessary to continue monitoring the molecular epidemiology of this vaccine escape clone.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a major cause of child death. We investigated the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae in a pediatric fever clinic and explored the genomics basis of the limited vaccine response of serotype 14 strains worldwide. Methods Febrile disease and pneumonia were diagnosed following criteria from the WHO at the end of 2019 at a tertiary children’s hospital. Spn was isolated by culture from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. The density was determined by lytA-base qPCR. Isolates were serotyped by Quellung and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Whole-genome sequencing was employed for molecular serotyping, MLST, antibiotic gene determination, SNP calling, recombination prediction, and phylogenetic analysis. Results The presence of pneumococcus in the nasopharynx (87.5%, 7/8, p = 0.0227) and a high carriage (100%, 7/7, p = 0.0123) were significantly associated with pneumonia development. Living with siblings (73.7%, 14/19, p = 0.0125) and non-vaccination (56.0%, 28/50, p = 0.0377) contributed significantly to the Spn carriage. Serotype 14 was the most prevalent strain (16.67%, 5/30). The genome analysis of 1497 serotype 14 strains indicated S14/ST876 strains were only prevalent in China, presented limited vaccine responses with higher recombination activities within its cps locus, and unique variation patterns in the genes wzg and lrp. Conclusion With the lifting of the one-child policy, it will be crucial for families with multiple children to get PCV vaccinations in China. Due to the highly variant cps locus and distinctive variation patterns in capsule shedding and binding proteins genes, the prevalent S14/ST876 strains have shown poor response to current vaccines. It is necessary to continue monitoring the molecular epidemiology of this vaccine escape clone.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRanjeet S. Mahla
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.11.2023
Tilføjet 3.11.2023
Jianhua Wei, Na Zang, Jing Zhang, Yu He, Haixia Huang, Xiangyu Liu, Ximing Xu, Luo Ren, Yu Deng, Jianguo Wu, Donald Seto, Wen Zhong, Qiwei Zhang, Enmei Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 109 Issue: 5 Pages: 1107-1112
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRhys, G. H., Wakeling, T., Moore, J. P., Subbe, C. P.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesWe aimed to identify exercise tests that have been validated to support a safe discharge to home in patients with or without COVID-19. Study designScoping review, using PRISMA-ScR reporting standards. Medline, PubMed, AMED, Embase, CINAHL and LitCovid databases were searched between 16 and 22 February 2021, with studies included from any publication date up to and including the search date. InterventionShort exercise tests. Primary outcome measuresSafe discharge from hospital, readmission rate, length of hospital stay, mortality. Secondary outcomes measures: safety, feasibility and reliability. ResultsOf 1612 original records screened, 19 studies were included in the analysis. These used a variety of exercise tests in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suspected pulmonary embolism and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, heart failure or critical illness. Only six studies had examined patients with COVID-19, of these two were still recruiting to evaluate the 1 min sit-to-stand test and the 40-steps test. There was heterogeneity in patient populations, tests used and outcome measures. Few exercise tests have been validated to support discharge decisions. There is currently no support for short exercise tests for triage of care in patients with COVID-19. ConclusionsFurther research is needed to aid clinical decision-making at discharge from hospital.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLi, S., Wang, L., Chang, N., Xu, T., Jiao, B., Zhang, S., Wang, X.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
IntroductionPneumonic-type primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is often misdiagnosed as pneumonia in clinical practice. However, this disease requires different treatments, which calls for a correct diagnosis. Materials and methodsA total of 227 patients with pneumonic-type PPL (n=72) and pneumonia (n=155) from 7 institutions were retrospectively enrolled between January 2017 and January 2022. Clinical features (age, sex, cough, sputum, fever, haemoptysis, chest pain, smoking, weight loss and laboratory results (haemoglobin, white blood cell count, C reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate)) and CT imaging characteristics (air bronchogram, bronchiectasis, halo sign, pleural traction, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, lesion maximum diameter and CT attenuation value) were analysed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for model construction based on independent predictors in identifying pneumonic-type PPL. In addition, we used a calibration curve and decision curve analysis to estimate the diagnostic efficiency of the model. ResultsThe patients with pneumonia showed a higher prevalence of sputum, fever, leucocytosis and elevation of C reactive protein level than those with pneumonic-type PPL (p=0.002, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFortuna, D., Caselli, L., Berti, E., Moro, M. L.
BMJ Open, 30.10.2023
Tilføjet 30.10.2023
ObjectivesWe aimed to provide a region-wide comprehensive account of the direct effects of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients, in terms of disease incidence, severity and mortality, over a 2-year pandemic period (2020–2021). DesignPopulation-based retrospective study. Setting/participantsAdult patients, affected by at least 1 of 32 prevalent chronic conditions, residing in the Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy, during the years 2020 (N=1 791 189, 47.7% of the overall adult regional population) and 2021 (N=1 801 071, 47.8%). ResultsCOVID-19 incidence among chronic disease patients was 4.1% (74 067 cases) in 2020 and 7.3% (126 556 cases) in 2021, varying across pathologies, with obesity and dementia showing the highest incidence. Hospitalisation rate for pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients was 15.4%. COVID-19-related excess mortality, that is, deaths from COVID-19 as either main or contributing (1.5% of the total) cause of death, was observed during the three pandemic waves, with observed/expected death ratios ranging from +38% (March 2020) to +11% (December 2021). Increased risks of both COVID-19-related hospitalisation and death were associated with male gender, elderly age and many pre-existing pathologies, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and metabolic dysfunctions. The higher the number of concomitant pathologies, the greater the risk of COVID-19-related adverse outcomes: the likelihood of hospitalisation and death more than doubled for people with more than two comorbidities, compared with those with one underlying condition. ConclusionsThis study presents a thorough and up-to-date quantification of the direct impact of COVID-19 on chronic disease patients. The results obtained are particularly relevant considering that people with pre-existing chronic conditions accounted for almost all cases of COVID-19-related hospitalisation (82.6%) and death (91.5%) in a vast region of Italy, among the hardest hit by the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMr. Saddam, Muddasir Khan, Muhsin Jamal, Sadeeq Ur Rahman, Abdul Qadeer, Imad Khan, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Syed Hussain Shah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
by Mr. Saddam, Muddasir Khan, Muhsin Jamal, Sadeeq Ur Rahman, Abdul Qadeer, Imad Khan, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Syed Hussain Shah The current study was designed to analyze nutritional parameters and to characterize carbapenemase producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bovine mastitic cow’s milk. Out of 700 milk samples K. pneumoniae was identified by phenotypic and molecular techniques along with their antibiogram analysis and nutritional analysis was performed using the procedure of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was detected by phenotypic CarbaNP test followed by molecular characterization of their associated resistant genes blaVIM, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaNDM, and blaIMP along with insertion sequence common region 1 (ISCR1) and integrons (Int1, Int2, and Int3) genes. Among nutritional parameters, fat content was observed (2.99%) followed by protein (2.78%), lactose (4.32%), and total solid (11.34%), respectively. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae among bovine mastitis was found 25.71%. Antibiogram analysis revealed that more effective antibiotics was ceftazidime (80%) followed by amikacin (72%), while highly resistant antibiotics was Fusidic acid (100%). Distribution of carbapenemase producer K. pneumoniae was found 44.4%. Among carbapenem resistant genes blaKPC was found 11.25%, blaVIM 2.75%, blaNDM 17.5%, and blaOXA-48 7.5%, while blaIMP gene was not detected. Furthermore, distribution of ISCR1 was found 40%, while integron 1 was found 61.2% followed by integron 2 (20%), and integron 3 (5%). In conclusion, the recent scenario of carbapenemase resistant K. pneumoniae isolates responsible for mastitis may affect not only the current treatment regime but also possess a serious threat to public health due to its food borne transmission and zoonotic potential.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYa-Dong Zhang, Liang-Yan Liu, Dong Wang, Xiao-Long Yuan, Yuan Zheng, Yi Wang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.10.2023
Tilføjet 28.10.2023
by Ya-Dong Zhang, Liang-Yan Liu, Dong Wang, Xiao-Long Yuan, Yuan Zheng, Yi Wang Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health globally. Antrodia camphorata was grown in a malt/yeast extract broth liquid medium for 15 days. Then, 4-L fermentation broth was harvested, yielding 7.13 g of the ethyl acetate extract. By tracing the antimicrobial activity, 12.22 mg of the antimicrobial compound was isolated. The structure of 5-methyl-benzo [1,3]-dioxole-4,7-diol (MBBD) was elucidated using NMR and MS data analyses. The antibacterial activity of MBBD was detected through the microbroth dilution method. MBBD exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of MBBD for drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria was 64–256 μg/mL, with the lowest MIC observed for Acinetobacter baumannii (64 μg/mL), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 128 μg/mL). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli were also sensitive, with an MIC of 256 μg/mL. The MIC range of MBBD against 10 foodborne pathogens was 12.5–100 μg/mL. Based on the results of this study, MBBD exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, particularly demonstrating excellent inhibitory effects against A. baumannii. MBBD will be good candidates for new antimicrobial drugs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 5.06.2023
Tilføjet 5.06.2023
Publication date: Available online 4 June 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Teerachat Sae-heng, Kesara Na-Bangchang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaura Comber; Eamon O Murchu; Karen Jordan; Sarah Hawkshaw; Liam Marshall; Michelle O'Neill; Conor Teljeur; Máirín Ryan; AnnaSara Carnahan; Jaime Jesús Pérez Martín; Anna Hayman Robertson; Kari Johansen; Jorgen Jonge; Tyra Krause; Nathalie Nicolay; Hanna Nohynek; Ioanna Pavlopoulou; Richard Pebody; Pasi Penttinen; Marta Soler‐Soneira; Ole Wichmann; Patricia Harrington;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
This review sought to assess the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of high‐dose inactivated influenza vaccines (HD‐IIV) for the prevention of laboratory‐confirmed influenza in individuals aged 18 years or older. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources up to 7 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were included. The search returned 28,846 records, of which 36 studies were included. HD‐IIV was shown to have higher relative vaccine efficacy in preventing influenza compared with standard‐dose influenza vaccines (SD‐IIV3) in older adults (Vaccine effectiveness (VE) = 24%, 95% CI 10–37, one RCT). One NRSI demonstrated significant effect for HD‐IIV3 against influenza B (VE = 89%, 95% CI 47–100), but not for influenza A(H3N2) (VE = 22%, 95% CI −82 to 66) when compared with no vaccination in older adults. HD‐IIV3 showed significant relative effect compared with SD‐IIV3 for influenza‐related hospitalisation (VE = 11.8%, 95% CI 6.4–17.0, two NRSIs), influenza‐ or pneumonia‐related hospitalisation (VE = 13.7%, 95% CI 9.5–17.7, three NRSIs), influenza‐related hospital encounters (VE = 13.1%, 95% CI 8.4–17.7, five NRSIs), and influenza‐related office visits (VE = 3.5%, 95% CI 1.5–5.5, two NRSIs). For safety, HD‐IIV were associated with significantly higher rates of local and systemic adverse events compared with SD‐IIV (combined local reactions, pain at injection site, swelling, induration, headache, chills and malaise). From limited data, compared with SD‐IIV, HD‐IIV were found to be more effective in the prevention of laboratory‐confirmed influenza, for a range of proxy outcome measures, and associated with more adverse events.
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