47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HBV, HCV, direct acting agent, stikuheld) valgt, emner højest 30 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
36 emner vises.
1
Noninvasive tests maintain high accuracy for advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with different nomenclatures of steatotic liver disease
Lin Chen, Xuemei Tao, Minghui Zeng, Yuqin Li, Jiaxin Han, Yuekui Wang, Yonggang Liu, Ruifang Shi, Rui Su, Liang Xu, Yuqiang Mi
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
2
Forecasting Hepatitis C Virus Status for Children in the United States: A Modeling Study
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Abstract Background Virtually all cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children in the United States occur through vertical transmission, but it is unknown how many children are infected. Cases of maternal HCV infection have increased in the United States, which may increase the number of children vertically infected with HCV. Infection has long-term consequences for a child\'s health, but treatment options are now available for children ≥3 years old. Reducing HCV infections in adults could decrease HCV infections in children.Methods Using a stochastic compartmental model, we forecasted incidence of HCV infections in children in the United States from 2022 through 2027. The model considered vertical transmission to children
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3
Clinical outcomes of treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection with low serum HBsAg and undetectable HBV DNA
Jian WangLi ZhuShaoqiu ZhangZhiyi ZhangTao FanFei CaoYe XiongYifan PanYuanyuan LiChao JiangShengxia YinXin TongYali XiongJuan XiaXiaomin YanYong LiuXingxiang LiuYuxin ChenJie LiChuanwu ZhuChao WuRui Huanga Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinab Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of Chinah Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
4
Circulating HBV RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen trajectories in persons with HIV/HBV coinfection and HBsAg loss on tenofovir therapy
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background We evaluated long-term trajectories of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV)-RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) in persons with and without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss during tenofovir therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.Methods We included 29 persons with HIV (PWH) with HBsAg loss and 29 matched PWH without loss. We compared HBV-RNA and HBcrAg decline and assessed the cumulative proportions with undetectable HBV-RNA and HBcrAg levels during tenofovir therapy using Kaplan-Meier estimates.Results HBsAg loss occurred after a median of 4 years (IQR 1 - 8). All participants with HBsAg loss achieved suppressed HBV-DNA and undetectable HBV-RNA preceding undetectable qHBsAg levels, whereas 79% achieved negative HBcrAg. In comparison, 79% of the participants without HBsAg loss achieved undetectable HBV-RNA and 48% negative HBcrAg. After two years on tenofovir, an HBV RNA decline ≥1 log10 copies/ml had 100% sensitivity and 36.4% specificity for HBsAg loss, whereas an HBcrAg decline ≥1 log10 U/ml had 91.0% sensitivity and 64.5% specificity.Conclusions HBV-RNA suppression preceded undetectable qHBsAg levels, and had high sensitivity but low specificity for HBsAg loss during tenofovir therapy in PWH. HBcrAg remained detectable in approximately 20% of persons with, and 50% of persons without HBsAg loss.
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5
Clinical outcomes of liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus coinfected patients in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Abstract Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been able to improve the immune system function and survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, Patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are more likely to develop end-stage liver disease (ESLD) than those infected with HBV alone. Consequently, liver transplantation is often required for these patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) of HIV-HBV coinfected patients in China. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis on all HIV-HBV coinfected patients that underwent OLT from April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 and their outcomes were compared to all HBV monoinfected patients undergoing OLT during the same period. Patient outcomes were determined, including cumulative survival, viral load, CD4 T-cell count and postoperative complications. Results The median follow-up of HIV recipients was 36 months after OLT (interquartile range 12–39 months). Almost all patients had stable CD4 T-cell count (> 200 copies/ul), undetectable HBV DNA levels, and undetectable HIV RNA load during follow-up. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year posttransplant survival rates were 85.7% for the HIV group (unchanged from 1 to 3 years) versus 82.2%, 81.2%, and 78.8% for the non-HIV group. Cumulative survival among HIV-HBV coinfected recipients was not significantly different from the HBV monoinfected recipients (log-rank test P = 0.692). The percentage of deaths attributed to infection was comparable between the HIV and non-HIV groups (14.3% vs. 9.32%, P = 0.665). Post OLT, there was no significant difference in acute rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, bacteremia, pulmonary infection, acute kidney injury, de novo tumor and vascular and biliary complications. Conclusions Liver transplantation in patients with HIV-HBV coinfection yields excellent outcomes in terms of intermediate- or long-term survival rate and low incidence of postoperative complications in China. These findings suggest that OLT is safe and feasible for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300067631), registered 11 January 2023.
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6
Clinical outcomes of liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus coinfected patients in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Abstract Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been able to improve the immune system function and survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, Patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are more likely to develop end-stage liver disease (ESLD) than those infected with HBV alone. Consequently, liver transplantation is often required for these patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) of HIV-HBV coinfected patients in China. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis on all HIV-HBV coinfected patients that underwent OLT from April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 and their outcomes were compared to all HBV monoinfected patients undergoing OLT during the same period. Patient outcomes were determined, including cumulative survival, viral load, CD4 T-cell count and postoperative complications. Results The median follow-up of HIV recipients was 36 months after OLT (interquartile range 12–39 months). Almost all patients had stable CD4 T-cell count (> 200 copies/ul), undetectable HBV DNA levels, and undetectable HIV RNA load during follow-up. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year posttransplant survival rates were 85.7% for the HIV group (unchanged from 1 to 3 years) versus 82.2%, 81.2%, and 78.8% for the non-HIV group. Cumulative survival among HIV-HBV coinfected recipients was not significantly different from the HBV monoinfected recipients (log-rank test P = 0.692). The percentage of deaths attributed to infection was comparable between the HIV and non-HIV groups (14.3% vs. 9.32%, P = 0.665). Post OLT, there was no significant difference in acute rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, bacteremia, pulmonary infection, acute kidney injury, de novo tumor and vascular and biliary complications. Conclusions Liver transplantation in patients with HIV-HBV coinfection yields excellent outcomes in terms of intermediate- or long-term survival rate and low incidence of postoperative complications in China. These findings suggest that OLT is safe and feasible for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300067631), registered 11 January 2023.
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7
TRPV4 promotes HBV replication and capsid assembly via methylation modification of H3K4 and HBc ubiquitin
Yu Zhang, Xiaoxue Yuan, Jun Wang, Ming Han, Hongping Lu, Yun Wang, Shunai Liu, Song Yang, Hui‐Chun Xing, Jun Cheng
Journal of Medical Virology, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
8
Retraction: “Small Interfering RNA Effectively Inhibits Protein Expression and Negative Strand RNA Synthesis From a Full‐Length Hepatitis C Virus Clone”
Journal of Medical Virology, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
9
Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Among Women with a History of Injection Opioid Use
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Abstract We evaluated vertical transmission and linkage to care in women with HCV and history of injection drug use employing co-localized testing and treatment. Transmission occurred in 1 of 23 infants, with mother-infant genetic distance of 1.26%. Rates for infant testing, maternal linkage and cure were 77%, 52%, and 100%, respectively.
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10
[Clinical Picture] Severe reactivation of seronegative occult hepatitis B after chemotherapy for lymphoma
Harrys A Torres, Khalis Mustafayev, Loretta J Nastoupil, Samuel A Shelburne
Lancet, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
A 78-year-old man with primary central nervous system lymphoma was transferred to our cancer centre for further treatment. The patient had been diagnosed 3 months earlier after he presented to another hospital with back pain, numbness, and tingling in all extremities; he had two cycles of rituximab and high-dose methotrexate, which had produced a partial response. The patient had also been given dexamethasone for cerebral oedema; his medical history included type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.
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11
Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon
BMC Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Abstract Background Blood transfusion is associated with exposure to blood Transfusion Transmissible Infection (TTIs). The threat posed by the blood-borne pathogens is disproportionately distributed in different healthcare facilities in Cameroon. Thus, there is a need for continuous surveillance of TTIs in the country. This study aimed to assess the screening procedure for blood transfusion and determine the trend in immunological markers of TTIs among blood donors at the Mamfe District Hospital. Methods A prospective descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted at Mamfe District Hospital from March to May 2022. A total of 165 blood donors were recruited by the consecutive sampling method. Donors were screened using both Rapid diagnostic tests,T. pallidum haemagglutination test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of TTIs. Data generated was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the statistical software R, version 4.2.0. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics of percentages, means ± standard deviation, and student t-test was used to compare both diagnostic techniques, and was considered significant when p
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12
Chronic Hepatitis B in Women of Childbearing Age and Pregnant Women in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4 Pages: 719-723
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13
Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon
BMC Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Abstract Background Blood transfusion is associated with exposure to blood Transfusion Transmissible Infection (TTIs). The threat posed by the blood-borne pathogens is disproportionately distributed in different healthcare facilities in Cameroon. Thus, there is a need for continuous surveillance of TTIs in the country. This study aimed to assess the screening procedure for blood transfusion and determine the trend in immunological markers of TTIs among blood donors at the Mamfe District Hospital. Methods A prospective descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted at Mamfe District Hospital from March to May 2022. A total of 165 blood donors were recruited by the consecutive sampling method. Donors were screened using both Rapid diagnostic tests,T. pallidum haemagglutination test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of TTIs. Data generated was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the statistical software R, version 4.2.0. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics of percentages, means ± standard deviation, and student t-test was used to compare both diagnostic techniques, and was considered significant when p
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14
Optimization of Mother-to-Child Hepatitis B Virus Prevention Program: Integration of Maternal Screening and Infant Post-vaccination Serologic Testing
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Abstract Background Evaluation of the impact on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of a HBV-prevention program that incorporates maternal antiviral prophylaxis is hindered by the limited availability of real-world data.Methods This study analyzed data on maternal HBV screening, neonatal immunization, and post-vaccination serologic testing (PVST) for HBsAg among at-risk infants born to HBV carrier mothers from the National Immunization Information System during 01/01/2008–31/12/2022. Through linkage with the National Health Insurance Database, information of maternal antiviral therapy was obtained. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore MTCT risk in relation to infant-mother characteristics and prevention strategies.Results Totally, 2,460,218 deliveries with maternal HBV status were screened. Between 2008 and 2022, the annual HBsAg and HBeAg seropositivity rates among native pregnant women aged 15–49 years decreased from 12.2% to 2.6% and from 2.7% to 0.4%, respectively (p for both trends < 0.0001). Among the 22,859 at-risk infants undergoing PVST, the MTCT rates differed between infants born to HBsAg-positive/HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive mothers (0.75% and 6.33%, respectively; p < 0.001). The MTCT rate was 1.72% (11/641) for infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers with antiviral prophylaxis. MTCT risk increased with maternal HBeAg-positivity (OR 9.29, 6.79–12.73) and decreased with maternal antiviral prophylaxis (OR 0.28, 0.16–0.49). For infants with maternal HBeAg-positivity, MTCT risk was associated with mothers born in the immunization era (OR 1.40, 1.17–1.67).Conclusions MTCT was related to maternal HBeAg-positivity and effectively prevented by maternal prophylaxis in the immunized population. At-risk infants born to maternal vaccinated cohorts might possibly pose further risk.
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15
Evaluating hepatitis C cascade of care surveillance system in Tuscany, Italy, through a population retrospective data-linkage study, 2015–2021
BMC Infectious Diseases, 31.03.2024
Tilføjet 31.03.2024
Abstract This comprehensive retrospective data-linkage study aimed at evaluating the impact of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) on Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) testing, treatment trends, and access to care in Tuscany over six years following their introduction. Utilizing administrative healthcare records, our work reveals a substantial increase in HCV tests in 2017, attributed to the decision to provide universal access to treatment. However, despite efforts to eradicate chronic HCV through a government-led plan, the target of treating 6,221 patients annually was not met, and services contracted after 2018, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Key findings indicate a higher prevalence of HCV screening among females in the 33–53 age group, influenced by pregnancy-related recommendations, while diagnostic tests and treatment uptake were more common among males. Problematic substance users constituted a significant proportion of those tested and treated, emphasizing their priority in HCV screening. Our paper underscores the need for decentralized HCV models and alternative testing strategies, such as point-of-care assays, especially in populations accessing harm reduction services, communities, and prisons. The study acknowledges limitations in relying solely on administrative records, advocating for improved data access and timely linkages to accurately monitor HCV care cascades and inform regional plans. Despite challenges, the paper demonstrates the value of administrative record linkages in understanding the access to care pathway for hard-to-reach populations. The findings emphasize the importance of the national HCV elimination strategy and the need for enhanced data collection to assess progress accurately, providing insights for future regional and national interventions.
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16
Association of HBV serological markers with host antiviral immune response relevant hepatic inflammatory damage in chronic HBV infection
Bei Jiang, Leijie Wang, Huan Liu, Lin Wang, Rui Su, Liang Xu, Guochao Wei, Jia Li, Fengmin Lu, Xiangmei Chen
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
17
Evaluating hepatitis C cascade of care surveillance system in Tuscany, Italy, through a population retrospective data-linkage study, 2015–2021
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
Abstract This comprehensive retrospective data-linkage study aimed at evaluating the impact of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) on Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) testing, treatment trends, and access to care in Tuscany over six years following their introduction. Utilizing administrative healthcare records, our work reveals a substantial increase in HCV tests in 2017, attributed to the decision to provide universal access to treatment. However, despite efforts to eradicate chronic HCV through a government-led plan, the target of treating 6,221 patients annually was not met, and services contracted after 2018, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Key findings indicate a higher prevalence of HCV screening among females in the 33–53 age group, influenced by pregnancy-related recommendations, while diagnostic tests and treatment uptake were more common among males. Problematic substance users constituted a significant proportion of those tested and treated, emphasizing their priority in HCV screening. Our paper underscores the need for decentralized HCV models and alternative testing strategies, such as point-of-care assays, especially in populations accessing harm reduction services, communities, and prisons. The study acknowledges limitations in relying solely on administrative records, advocating for improved data access and timely linkages to accurately monitor HCV care cascades and inform regional plans. Despite challenges, the paper demonstrates the value of administrative record linkages in understanding the access to care pathway for hard-to-reach populations. The findings emphasize the importance of the national HCV elimination strategy and the need for enhanced data collection to assess progress accurately, providing insights for future regional and national interventions.
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18
HIV and hepatitis B, C co-infection and correlates of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Rwanda, 2021: a respondent-driven sampling, cross-sectional study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key population group disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. In Rwanda, the HIV epidemic remains a significant public health concern, and understanding the burden of HIV and hepatitis B and C coinfections among MSM is crucial for designing effective prevention and control strategies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections among MSM in Rwanda and identify correlates associated with HIV infection within this population. Methods We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit participants between November and December 2021. A face-to-face, structured questionnaire was administered. Testing for HIV infection followed the national algorithm using two rapid tests: Alere Combo and STAT PAK as the first and second screening tests, respectively. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV tests were performed. All statistics were adjusted for RDS design, and a multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with HIV infection. Results The prevalence of HIV among MSM was 6·9% (95% CI: 5·5–8·6), and among HIV-positive MSM, 12·9% (95% CI: 5·5–27·3) were recently infected. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C was 4·2% (95% CI: 3·0–5·7) and 0·7% (95% CI: 0·4–1·2), respectively. HIV and hepatitis B virus coinfection was 0·5% (95% CI: 0·2–1·1), whereas HIV and hepatitis C coinfection was 0·1% (95% CI: 0·0–0·5), and no coinfection for all three viruses was observed. MSM groups with an increased risk of HIV infection included those who ever suffered violence or abuse because of having sex with other men (AOR: 3·42; 95% CI: 1·87–6·25), those who refused to answer the question asking about ‘ever been paid money, goods, or services for sex’ (AOR: 10·4; 95% CI: 3·30–32·84), and those not consistently using condoms (AOR: 3·15; 95% CI: 1·31–7·60). Conclusion The findings suggest more targeted prevention and treatment approaches and underscore the importance of addressing structural and behavioral factors contributing to HIV vulnerability, setting interventions to reduce violence and abuse against MSM, promoting safe and consensual sexual practices, and expanding access to HIV prevention tools such as condoms and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
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19
Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on liver transplant recipients. Experience in a reference center in Mexico
Daniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Daniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez Background and aims COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be effective to prevent symptomatic infection and severe disease even in immunocompromised patients including liver transplant patients. We aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the mortality and development of severe and critical disease in our center. Methods A retrospective cohort study of LT patients in a reference center between March 2020 and February 2022. Demographic data, cirrhosis etiology, time on liver transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies, and vaccination status were recorded at the time of diagnosis. Primary outcome was death due to COVID-19, and secondary outcomes included the development of severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit (ICU) requirement. Results 153 of 324 LT recipients developed COVID-19, in whom the main causes of cirrhosis were HCV infection and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. The vaccines used were BNT162b2 (48.6%), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (21.6%), mRNA-1273 vaccine (1.4%), Sputnik V (14.9%), Ad5-nCoV-S (4.1%) and CoronaVac (9.5%). Case fatality and ICU requirement risk were similar among vaccinated and unvaccinated LT patients (adjusted relative case fatality for vaccinated versus unvaccinated of 0.68, 95% CI 0.14–3.24, p = 0.62; adjusted relative risk [aRR] for ICU requirement of 0.45, 95% CI 0.11–1.88, p = 0.27). Nonetheless, vaccination was associated with a lower risk of severe disease (aRR for severe disease of 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.71, p = 0.005). Conclusions Vaccination reduces the risk of severe COVID-19 in LT patients, regardless of the scheme used. Vaccination should be encouraged for all.
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20
Monitoring progress towards the elimination of hepatitis C as a public health threat in Norway: a modelling study among people who inject drugs and immigrants
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background The global incidence target for the elimination of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs (PWID) is
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21
Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection—California, 2016–2020
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background Improved epidemiologic and treatment data for active tuberculosis (TB) with chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV) infection might inform and encourage screening and vaccination programs focused on persons at risk of having both conditions.Methods We matched the California Department of Public Health TB registry during 2016–2020 to the cHBV registry using probabilistic matching algorithms. We used chi-square analysis to compare the characteristics of persons with TB and cHBV with those with TB only. We compared TB treatment outcomes between these groups using modified Poisson regression models. We calculated the time between reporting of TB and cHBV diagnoses for those with both conditions.Results We identified 8,435 persons with TB, including 316 (3.7%) with cHBV. Among persons with TB and cHBV, 256 (81.0%) were non-U.S.-born Asian vs 4,186 (51.6%) with TB only (P 60 days after cHBV (median 3,411 days).Conclusion Persons with TB and cHBV were found more frequently in certain groups compared with TB only, and infrequently had their conditions diagnosed together. This highlights an opportunity to improve screening and treatment of TB and cHBV in those at high risk for coinfection.
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22
Point-of-care testing for hepatitis C infection: A critical building block for the foundation to achieve elimination
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 25.03.2024
Tilføjet 25.03.2024
23
Point of care testing for hepatitis C in the priority settings of mental health, prisons and drug & alcohol facilities – the PROMPt Study
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 25.03.2024
Tilføjet 25.03.2024
Abstract Background A barrier to hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure is conventional testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HCV antibody and RNA point-of-care-testing (POCT) on testing rates, linkage to care, treatment and acceptability of testing in three priority settings in Australia.Methods Participants were enrolled in an interventional cohort study at a reception prison, inpatient mental health service (MHS), and inpatient alcohol and other drug (AOD) unit—between October 2020 and December 2021. HCV POCT was performed using SD Bioline HCV antibody fingerstick test and a reflexive Xpert® HCV Viral Load Fingerstick test using capillary blood samples. A retrospective audit of HCV testing and treatment data was performed at each site for the preceding 12-month period to generate a historical control.Results 1,549 participants received a HCV antibody test with 17% (264/1,549) receiving a positive result, of which 21% (55/264) tested HCV RNA positive. Across all settings the rate of testing per year significantly increased between the historical controls and the study intervention period by three-fold (RR:2.57 95% CI: 2.32, 2.85) for HCV antibody testing and four-fold (RR:1.62; 95% CI:1.31, 2.01) for RNA testing. Treatment uptake was higher during the POCT intervention (86%, 47/55; P=0.010) compared to the historical controls (61%, 27/44).Conclusions This study demonstrated across three settings that the use of HCV antibody and RNA POCT increased testing rates, treatment uptake linkage to care. The testing model was highly acceptable for most participants.Clinical Trial Registration ACTRN-12621001578897
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24
Psychoeducational interventions for people living with chronic communicable disease: a systematic review
Burke, A., Davoren, M. P., Arensman, E., Harrington, J. M.
BMJ Open, 24.03.2024
Tilføjet 24.03.2024
ObjectivePsychoeducation is increasingly recognised for its value in facilitating adaption to a chronic disease diagnosis. This study aimed to synthesise available literature on the psychoeducation interventions available to adults living with chronic communicable disease. MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SocINDEX, PsycINFO and PsycArticles were systematically searched up to May 2023. Peer-reviewed studies, published in English, investigating the impact of psychoeducational interventions on adults living with chronic communicable disease were included, across a range of outcome measures. Narrative synthesis was performed. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool were used to assess risk of bias. ResultsIn total, 22 studies were included in the review. The majority (n=16) of study populations focused on people living with HIV, followed by hepatitis C (n=5) and genital herpes (n=1). Interventions were delivered online (n=2), via telephone (n=1) and in-person (n=19). The majority of interventions were delivered in group sessions (n=16) and studies emphasised the value of group cohesion for social support, encouraging participants to share their own knowledge in addition to standard didactic presentations. Four studies facilitated peer-led delivery of the psychoeducation. Studies aiming to improve psychological well-being were beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms and/or emotional distress or showed improvement in the participant group overall. There was some evidence to suggest psychoeducation can improve readiness to attend treatment and medication adherence. ConclusionThe findings of this review highlight potential benefits of psychoeducation but indicate more robust clinical trials will be required to examine their effectiveness and elucidate the mechanisms by which they best operate. Future interventions incorporating a broader focus on resilience enhancement and coping skills specific to stigmatisation could more comprehensively serve the needs of adults living with chronic communicable disease, particularly with HIV. The role of peer support in group psychoeducation merits further exploration. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021243058.
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25
HIV and hepatitis B, C co-infection and correlates of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Rwanda, 2021: a respondent-driven sampling, cross-sectional study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 24.03.2024
Tilføjet 24.03.2024
Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key population group disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. In Rwanda, the HIV epidemic remains a significant public health concern, and understanding the burden of HIV and hepatitis B and C coinfections among MSM is crucial for designing effective prevention and control strategies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections among MSM in Rwanda and identify correlates associated with HIV infection within this population. Methods We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit participants between November and December 2021. A face-to-face, structured questionnaire was administered. Testing for HIV infection followed the national algorithm using two rapid tests: Alere Combo and STAT PAK as the first and second screening tests, respectively. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV tests were performed. All statistics were adjusted for RDS design, and a multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with HIV infection. Results The prevalence of HIV among MSM was 6·9% (95% CI: 5·5–8·6), and among HIV-positive MSM, 12·9% (95% CI: 5·5–27·3) were recently infected. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C was 4·2% (95% CI: 3·0–5·7) and 0·7% (95% CI: 0·4–1·2), respectively. HIV and hepatitis B virus coinfection was 0·5% (95% CI: 0·2–1·1), whereas HIV and hepatitis C coinfection was 0·1% (95% CI: 0·0–0·5), and no coinfection for all three viruses was observed. MSM groups with an increased risk of HIV infection included those who ever suffered violence or abuse because of having sex with other men (AOR: 3·42; 95% CI: 1·87–6·25), those who refused to answer the question asking about ‘ever been paid money, goods, or services for sex’ (AOR: 10·4; 95% CI: 3·30–32·84), and those not consistently using condoms (AOR: 3·15; 95% CI: 1·31–7·60). Conclusion The findings suggest more targeted prevention and treatment approaches and underscore the importance of addressing structural and behavioral factors contributing to HIV vulnerability, setting interventions to reduce violence and abuse against MSM, promoting safe and consensual sexual practices, and expanding access to HIV prevention tools such as condoms and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
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26
The downregulation of Tapasin in dendritic cell regulates CD8+ T cell autophagy to hamper hepatitis B viral clearance in the induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived hepatocyte organoid
Jinmei Chen, Leer Shen, Qingxin Guo, Siyuan Ma, Yi Zhang, Jie Chen, Lihong Qu, Soon Seng Ng, Xiaohua Chen
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.03.2024
Tilføjet 23.03.2024
27
Cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis: a dark enigma
Neha Bhardwaj, Ashish Aggarwal, Harsimran Kaur, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Kirti Gupta
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.03.2024
Tilføjet 23.03.2024
A 36-year-old drug abuser with chronic hepatitis C infection presented with headache due to raised intracranial pressure accompanied by vomiting for 2 days requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a ring-enhancing lesion in right cerebellar lobe with mass effect and hydrocephalus suggestive of tuberculoma (Figure 1A,B). An intra-operative frozen specimen grossly revealed a cavitatory lesion with a central necrosis. The frozen sections stained with toluidine blue and rapid hematoxylin & eosin demonstrated numerous scattered yeast and conidial forms admixed with segmented, bulbous, and pigmented fungal hyphae surrounding necrotic abscesses in the cerebellar folia.
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28
Convergent evolution and targeting of diverse E2 epitopes by human broadly neutralizing antibodies are associated with HCV clearance
Immunity, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 21 March 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Clinton O. Ogega, Nicole E. Skinner, Marta V. Schoenle, Xander E. Wilcox, Nicole Frumento, Desiree A. Wright, Harry T. Paul, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Kaitlyn E. Clark, Alexis Figueroa, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, Justin R. Bailey
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29
Clinical characteristics and immunogenicity after Omicron breakthrough infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: A longitudinal observational study
Guanhua Zha, Zhiwei Chen, Na Wu, Tianquan Huang, Zhiling Deng, Dachuan Cai, Mingli Peng, Peng Hu, Hong Ren
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
30
Neutralizing antibodies evolve to exploit vulnerable sites in the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 and mediate spontaneous clearance of infection
Immunity, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 2 January 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Nicole Frumento, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Harry T. Paul, Georgia Stavrakis, Muhammad N. Zahid, Shuyi Wang, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, George M. Shaw, Andrea L. Cox, Justin R. Bailey
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31
Histomolecular characterisation of hepatitis B virus induced liver cancer
Adane Adugna;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated liver cancer is the third most prevalent cancer‐related cause of death worldwide. Different studies have been done on the histomolecular analysis of HBV induced‐liver cancer including epigenetics which are dynamic molecular mechanisms to control gene expression without altering the host deoxyribonucleic acid, genomics characterise the integration of the viral genome with host genome, proteomics characterise how gene modifies and results overexpression of proteins, glycoproteomics discover different glyco‐biomarker candidates and show glycosylation in malignant hepatocytes, metabolomics characterise how HBV impairs a variety of metabolic functions during hepatocyte immortalisation, exosomes characterise immortalised liver cells in terms of their differentiation and proliferation, and autophagy plays a role in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis linked to HBV infection.
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32
Virus infection participates in the occurrence and development of human diseases through monoamine oxidase
Yujie Sun; Wen Liu; Bing Luo;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a membrane‐bound mitochondrial enzyme that maintains the steady state of neurotransmitters and other biogenic amines in biological systems through catalytic oxidation and deamination. MAO dysfunction is closely related to human neurological and psychiatric diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between MAO and viral infections in humans. This review summarises current research on how viral infections participate in the occurrence and development of human diseases through MAO. The viruses discussed in this review include hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and human papillomavirus. This review also describes the effects of MAO inhibitors such as phenelzine, clorgyline, selegiline, M‐30, and isatin on viral infectious diseases. This information will not only help us to better understand the role of MAO in the pathogenesis of viruses but will also provide new insights into the treatment and diagnosis of these viral diseases.
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33
Prospects for developing an Hepatitis C virus E1E2‐based nanoparticle vaccine
Eric A. Toth; Alexander K. Andrianov; Thomas R. Fuerst;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Globally, more than 58 million people are chronically infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) with 1.5 million new infections occurring each year. An effective vaccine for HCV is therefore a major unmet medical and public health need. Since HCV rapidly accumulates mutations, vaccines must elicit the production of broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) in a reproducible fashion. Decades of research have generated a number of HCV vaccine candidates. Based on the available data and research through clinical development, a vaccine antigen based on the E1E2 glycoprotein complex appears to be the best choice, but robust induction of humoral and cellular responses leading to virus neutralisation has not yet been achieved. One issue that has arisen in developing an HCV vaccine (and many other vaccines as well) is the platform used for antigen delivery. The majority of viral vaccine trials have employed subunit vaccines. However, subunit vaccines often have limited immunogenicity, as seen for HCV, and thus multiple formats must be examined in order to elicit a robust anti‐HCV immune response. Nanoparticle vaccines are gaining prominence in the field due to their ability to facilitate a controlled multivalent presentation and trafficking to lymph nodes, where they can interact with both arms of the immune system. This review discusses the potential for development of a nanoparticle‐based HCV E1E2 vaccine, with an emphasis on the potential benefits of such an approach along with the major challenges facing the incorporation of E1E2 into nanoparticulate delivery systems and how those challenges can be addressed.
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34
Trends in disease burden of hepatitis B infection in Jiangsu Province, China, 1990–2021
Infectious Disease Modelling, 11.07.2023
Tilføjet 11.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Kang Fang, Yingying Shi, Zeyu zhao, Yunkang Zhao, Yichao Guo, Buasivamu Abudunaibi, Huimin Qu, Qiao Liu, Guodong Kang, Zhiguo Wang, Jianli Hu, Tianmu Chen
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35
Canonical fibroblast growth factors in viral infection
Giulia Lottini; Erika Plicanti; Michele Lai; Paola Quaranta; Mauro Pistello; Giulia Freer;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of various tissues in the body. There are three function‐al groups of FGFs: canonical FGFs (cFGFs), intracellularly retained FGFs, and metabolic (also called endocrine) FGFs. cFGFs are secreted and act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to regulate differentiation during foetal development, as well as tissue repair in adults. Recent studies have also begun to unravel the role of cFGFs during viral infections, suggesting that FGF‐2 and other canonical FGFs may have an important virus‐specific role, also by the regulation of the immune response. Because dysregulation in the FGF pathways is pivotal in cancer development, FGFs are the target of many anticancer drugs. These drugs may be repurposed to treat viral infection, since dysregulation of FGF signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of viral infections, such as hepatitis C. Overall, the role of cFGFs during viral infection is an underrepresented area of current research. This review focuses on overviewing the effects of canonical FGFs during infection by different viruses. Many studies highlight that the effects of FGFs during viral infection may be complex and context‐dependent. While there is evidence to suggest that FGFs may have a beneficial impact on the immune response and tissue repair during viral infection, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine in what cases FGFs could be targeted as a therapeutic approach for viral infection.
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36
Diagnostic performance of hepatitis C core antigen assay to identify active infections: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Daniel Sepúlveda‐Crespo; Ana Treviño‐Nakoura; José M. Bellón; Amanda Fernández‐Rodríguez; Pablo Ryan; Isidoro Martínez; María A. Jiménez‐Sousa; Salvador Resino;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCVcAg) assay is an alternative for diagnosing HCV infection in a single step. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay\'s diagnostic performance (validity and utility) for diagnosing active hepatitis C. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until 10 January 2023. The protocol was registered at the prospective international register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022337191). Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay was the test for evaluation, and nucleic acid amplification tests with a cut‐off ≤50 IU/mL were the gold standard. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA with the MIDAS module and random‐effects models. The bivariate analysis was conducted on 46 studies (18,116 samples). The pooled sensitivity was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.94–0.97), specificity 0.99 (95% CI = 0.99–1.00), positive likelihood ratio 141.81 (95% CI = 72.39–277.79), and negative likelihood ratio 0.04 (95% CI = 0.03–0.06). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 1.00 (95% CI = 0.34–1.00). For active hepatitis C prevalence values of 0.1%–15%, the probability that a positive test was a true positive was 12%–96%, respectively, indicating that a confirmatory test should be necessary, particularly with a prevalence ≤5%. However, the probability that a negative test was a false negative was close to zero, indicating the absence of HCV infection. The validity (accuracy) of the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay for screening active HCV infection in serum/plasma samples was excellent. Although the HCVcAg assay showed limited diagnostic utility in low prevalence settings (≤1%), it might help diagnose hepatitis C in high prevalence scenarios (≥5%).
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