Dansk Selskab for Infektionsmedicin
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1 Changes in disclosure, adherence and healthcare interactions after the introduction of immediate ART initiation: an analysis of patient experiences in Swaziland
Wiley: Tropical Medicine & International Health: Table of Contents, 10.02.2019
Tilføjet 10.02.2019 11:24
Marjan Molemans,
Eva Vernooij,
Njabuliso Dlamini,
Fortunate S. Shabalala,
Shaukat Khan,
Frank van Leth,
Gabriela B. Gomez,
Ria Reis
Abstract
Introduction
There are concerns that immediate ART initiation (regardless of CD4 count) negatively affects HIV status disclosure, ART adherence and healthcare interactions. We assessed changes in these factors after the ‘Early access to ART for all’ intervention, a universal test‐and‐treat study in Swaziland.
Methods
We recruited two samples of participants between 2014 and 2017. The first group was interviewed before the intervention (control); the second group at the implementation and six months thereafter (intervention).
Results
High levels of disclosure to partners (controls and intervention: 94%) and family members (controls: 78%, intervention: 79%) were reported, and high levels of adherence (85% did not miss a dose among the controls, 84% in the intervention group). There were no changes in patients reporting feeling pressured to initiate ART (controls: 10%, intervention:11%). The quality of interaction with healthcare workers improved after the intervention; healthcare workers explained more often the choice of ART initiation (controls: 88%, intervention: 93%) and the meaning of both CD4 and viral load test results (controls: 15%, intervention: 47%). More patients in the intervention group reported receiving test results (controls: 13%, intervention: 46%). We observed no changes in disclosure, adherence or patient experiences six months into the intervention compared to its start.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that both reported adherence and disclosure levels remain high after the introduction of immediate ART in Swaziland. We observed an improvement in the healthcare interactions, possibly due to training at participating facilities, which will be an important element for a successful roll‐out of immediate ART.
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2 The Role of the Host in Driving Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Salmonella
Trends in Microbiology, 9.02.2019
Tilføjet 10.02.2019 01:33
Caressa N. Tsai, Brian K. Coombes
The complex infection environment within hosts exerts unique stresses across tissues and cell types, selecting for phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial populations. Pathogens maintain variability during infection as a strategy to cope with fluctuating host immune conditions, leading to diversification of virulence phenotypes. Recent improvements in single-cell analyses have revealed that distinct bacterial subpopulations contribute unique colonization and growth strategies across infection sites.
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