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BMC Infectious Diseases, 27.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Abstract
Background
Prevalence data on viral hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV infection in prison are often scarce or outdated. There is currently no systematic screening for these blood-borne viral infections (BBV) in Belgian prisons. There is an urgency to assess the prevalence of these BBV to inform policymakers and public healthcare.
Methods
This was a multicentre, interventional study to assess the prevalence of BBV using opt-in screening in prisons across Belgium, April 2019 – March 2020. Prisoners were tested using a finger prick and BBV risk factors were assessed using a questionnaire. A generalized linear mixed model was used to investigate the association between the various risk factors and HCV.
Results
In total, 886 prisoners from 11 Belgian prisons were screened. Study uptake ranged from 16.9 to 35.4% in long-term facilities. The prevalence of HCV antibodies (Ab), hepatitis B surface antigen (Ag) and HIV Ab/Ag was 5.0% (44/886), 0.8% (7/886), and 0.2% (2/886). The adjusted odds for HCV Ab were highest in prisoners who ever injected (p < 0.001; AOR 24.6 CI 95% (5.5–215.2). The prevalence of detectable HCV RNA in the total cohort was 2.1% (19/886). Thirteen (68.4%) prisoners were redirected for follow-up of their HCV infection.
Conclusions
Opt-in testing for viral hepatitis B, C and HIV was relatively well-accepted in prisons. Compared with the general population, prisoners have a higher prevalence of infection with BBV, especially for HCV. Systematic screening for these BBV should be recommended in all prisons, preferably using opt-out to optimize screening uptake.
Trial registration
Retrospectively registered at clinical trials NCT04366492 April 29, 2020.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElena Latysheva
Frontiers in Immunology, 26.10.2022
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a safe, effective treatment for respiratory allergies (such as moderate-to-severe allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) that are not controlled by symptomatic medications. The indications and contraindications for AIT have been defined in international guidelines and consensus statements. However, some of these contraindications are not evidenced- based but have been deduced from the theoretical risk of an interaction between AIT disease-modifying effect and immune or inflammatory comorbidities. In the absence of clinical trial evidence, the accumulation of experience as case reports can narrow the spectrum of absolute contraindications. The majority of international guidelines list HIV infection as a contraindication to AIT. Here, we describe two cases of safe, effective sublingual birch pollen AIT in HIV-positive patients undergoing concomitant antiretroviral therapy. A 32-year-old female and a 63-year-old male sensitized to tree pollen and with clinically confirmed birch pollen allergy underwent pre- and co-seasonal sublingual birch pollen AIT for three and two pollen seasons, respectively. The therapy was associated with a marked reduction in the frequency and intensity of allergic symptoms, and the reduced use of (symptomatic) rescue medication. Mild, local, treatment-emergent adverse events were noted throughout the course of treatment but resolved spontaneously. No serious adverse events were reported. In particular, there were no obvious harmful effects on the patients’ immune status or viral load. Hence, sublingual birch pollen AIT proved to be effective and safe in two HIV-positive patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedArinjay Banerjee, Karen Mossman, Nathalie Grandvaux
Trends in Microbiology, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
SARS-CoV-2 evolution is expected given the nature of virus replication. Selection and establishment of variants in the human population depend on viral fitness, and molecular and immunological selection pressures. Here we discuss how mechanisms of replication and recombination may contribute to the emergence of current and future variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTrends in Parasitology, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Despite the long path we have travelled in the past 30 years to unveil the mysteries of Blastocystis, we realize that there is still a long way to go, and many questions await satisfactory answers. Above all, do we really need to treat it or just live with it? To answer this very important question we need a better understanding of the biology, diversity, and ecological roles of Blastocystis. In this TrendsTalk we invite the scientific committee of the 3rd International Blastocystis Conference to reflect on the most recent advances presented during the virtual meeting on 2–4 June this year.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYotaro Nishikawa
Frontiers in Immunology, 26.10.2022
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by impaired epidermal barrier function and dysregulation of Thelper-2 (TH2)-biased immune responses. While the lineage of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are implicated to play decisive roles in T-cell immune responses, their requirement for the development of AD remains elusive. Here, we describe the impact of the constitutive loss of cDCs on the progression of AD-like inflammation by using binary transgenic (Tg) mice that constitutively lacked CD11chi cDCs. Unexpectedly, the congenital deficiency of cDCs not only exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD-like inflammation but also elicits immune abnormalities with the increased composition and function of granulocytes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) as well as B cells possibly mediated through the breakdown of the Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)-mediated homeostatic feedback loop. Furthermore, the constitutive loss of cDCs accelerates skin colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), that associated with disease flare. Thus, cDCs maintains immune homeostasis to prevent the occurrence of immune abnormalities to maintain the functional skin barrier for mitigating AD flare.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShipo Wu, Jianying Huang, Zhe Zhang, Jianyuan Wu, Jinlong Zhang, Hanning Hu, Tao Zhu, Jun Zhang, Lin Luo, Pengfei Fan, Busen Wang, Chang Chen, Yi Chen, Xiaohong Song, Yudong Wang, Weixue Si, Tianjian Sun, Xinghuan Wang, Lihua Hou, Wei Chen
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 27.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Aerosolised Ad5-nCoV is well tolerated, and two doses of aerosolised Ad5-nCoV elicited neutralising antibody responses, similar to one dose of intramuscular injection. An aerosolised booster vaccination at 28 days after first intramuscular injection induced strong IgG and neutralising antibody responses. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of aerosol vaccination should be evaluated in future studies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHua Bai Wei Zou Wenhui Zhou Keqin Zhang Xiaowei Huang 1State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China 2College of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China 3School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
Infection and Immunity, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTravis B. Nielsen Jun Yan Matthew Slarve Peggy Lu Rachel Li Juan Ruiz Bosul Lee Elizabeth Burk Yuli Talyansky Peter Oelschlaeger Kyle Hurth William Win Brian M. Luna Robert A. Bonomo Brad Spellberg aStritch School of Medicine and bParkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL; cDepartment of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; dDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA; eDepartment of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; fLouis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; gDepartment of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; hDepartments of Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; iLos Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
Infection and Immunity, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuding Weng Edith G. Fields Thomas F. Bina James A. Budnick Dillon E. Kunkle X. Renee Bina James E. Bina 1 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pittsburgh, PA 2 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
Infection and Immunity, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEllen E. Higginson Aruna Panda Franklin R. Toapanta Matthew C. Terzi Jennifer A. Jones Sunil Sen Jasnehta Permala-Booth Marcela F. Pasetti Marcelo B. Sztein Louis DeTolla Myron M. Levine Sharon M. Tennant a Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA b Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA c Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA d Program of Comparative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA e Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA f Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Infection and Immunity, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShaji Daniel Alexander Pichugin Holly Torano Jonathan P. Renn Jennifer Kwan Matthew Cowles Solomon Conteh Lynn E. Lambert Nada Alani Nicholas J. MacDonald Weili Dai Kendrick Highsmith Charles Anderson J. Patrick Gorres Javonn Musgrove Brandi Butler Nouf Althubaiti Saurabh Dixit Stasya Zarling-Bejma Urszula Krzych Patrick E. Duffy 1Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. 2Department of Cellular Immunology, Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA 3Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Infection and Immunity, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedManmeet Bhalla Lauren R. Heinzinger Olanrewaju B. Morenikeji Brandon Marzullo Bolaji N. Thomas Elsa N. Bou Ghanem aDepartment of Microbiology Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine, 14203, Buffalo, NY, USA bDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, 14623, Rochester, NY, USA cDivision of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh-Bradford, Bradford, PA 16701 dDepartment of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14203, Buffalo, NY, USA
Infection and Immunity, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatthew K. Muramatsu Jianli Zhou Bryna L. Fitzgerald Ranjit K. Deka John T. Belisle Michael V. Norgard a Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. b Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Infection and Immunity, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedM. Lorena Harvey Aung Soe Lin Lili Sun Tatsuki Koyama Jennifer H. B. Shuman John T. Loh Holly M. Scott Algood Matthew B. Scholz Mark S. McClain Timothy L. Cover Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology1, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation2, Department of Medicine3, Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genetics (VANTAGE)4, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biostatistics5, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System6, Nashville, TN.
Infection and Immunity, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPeng Li Xiuran Wang Xiangwan Sun Jesse Cimino Ziqiang Guan Wei Sun 1Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA. 2Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Infection and Immunity, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBobbi S. Pritt, Emily C. Fernholz, Adam J. Replogle, Luke C. Kingry, Michael P. Sciotto, Jeannine M. Petersen
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
A previously healthy 42-year-old male from the upper Midwestern United States presented with a 1-day history of fever, fatigue, headache, myalgias, and arthralgias. He reported removing a “wood tick” the day of admission. His temperature was 38.4°C. No swollen joints, rash, or neurological abnormalities were noted on physical examination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWooyoung Jang, Hyeonjun Hwang, Hyun-uk Jo, Yong-Han Cha, Bongyoung Kim
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
This study aimed to analyze the effect of discontinuation of antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) activity on the usage pattern of antibiotics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJonas Schmuck, Nina Hiebel, Milena Rabe, Juliane Schneider, Yesim Erim, Eva Morawa, Lucia Jerg-Bretzke, Petra Beschoner, Christian Albus, Julian Hannemann, Kerstin Weidner, Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen, Lukas Radbruch, Holger Brunsch, Franziska Geiser
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Jonas Schmuck, Nina Hiebel, Milena Rabe, Juliane Schneider, Yesim Erim, Eva Morawa, Lucia Jerg-Bretzke, Petra Beschoner, Christian Albus, Julian Hannemann, Kerstin Weidner, Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen, Lukas Radbruch, Holger Brunsch, Franziska Geiser
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in severe detrimental effects on the mental well-being of health care workers (HCW). Consequently, there has been a need to identify health-promoting resources in order to mitigate the psychological impact of the pandemic on HCW.
Objective Our objective was to investigate the association of sense of coherence (SOC), social support and religiosity with self-reported mental symptoms and increase of subjective burden during the COVID-19 pandemic in HCW.
Methods Our sample comprised 4324 HCW of four professions (physicians, nurses, medical technical assistants (MTA) and pastoral workers) who completed an online survey from 20 April to 5 July 2020. Health-promoting resources were assessed using the Sense of Coherence Scale Short Form (SOC-3), the ENRICHD Social Support Inventory (ESSI) and one item on religiosity derived from the Scale of Transpersonal Trust (TPV). Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured with the PHQ-2 and GAD-2. The increase of subjective burden due to the pandemic was assessed as the retrospective difference between burden during the pandemic and before the pandemic.
Results In multiple regressions, higher SOC was strongly associated with fewer anxiety and depression symptoms. Higher social support was also related to less severe mental symptoms, but with a smaller effect size, while religiosity showed minimal to no correlation with anxiety or depression. In professional group analysis, SOC was negatively associated with mental symptoms in all groups, while social support only correlated significantly with mental health outcomes in physicians and MTA. In the total sample and among subgroups, an increase of subjective burden was meaningfully associated only with a weaker SOC.
Conclusion Perceived social support and especially higher SOC appeared to be beneficial for mental health of HCW during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the different importance of the resources in the respective occupations requires further research to identify possible reasons.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLirane Elize Defante Ferreto, Stephanny Guedes, Fernando Braz Pauli, Samyra Soligo Rovani, Franciele Aní Caovilla Follador, Ana Paula Vieira, Renata Himovski Torres, Harnoldo Colares Coelho, Guilherme Welter Wendt
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Lirane Elize Defante Ferreto, Stephanny Guedes, Fernando Braz Pauli, Samyra Soligo Rovani, Franciele Aní Caovilla Follador, Ana Paula Vieira, Renata Himovski Torres, Harnoldo Colares Coelho, Guilherme Welter Wendt
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is much higher in prisons than in community settings. Some explanatory factors for this burden include putative aspects of the prison environment, such as unprotected sexual relations and sexual violence, use of injectable drugs and syringe sharing. Nonetheless, efforts in better understanding the dynamics of both HCV and HIV are scarce in developing countries such as Brazil, which poses a risk not only to the inmates but to the community as well. In this investigation, we sought to determine the seroprevalence and sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors associated with HIV and anti-HCV antibodies among men detained at high-security institutions. This is an epidemiological, proportionally stratified observational study including 1,132 inmates aged 18 to 79 years-old (Mage = 32.58±10.18) from eleven high-security prisons located in the State of Paraná, Brazil. We found that HIV and anti-HCV prevalence were 1.6% (95% CI: 1.0–2.5) and 2.7% (95% CI: 1.0–2.5), respectively. Risk factors associated with HIV included not receiving intimate visits (OR = 8.80, 95% CI: 1.15–66.88), already having another sexually transmitted infection (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.47–10.29), and reporting attendance in HIV preventive campaigns (OR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.58–11.36). Moreover, anti-HCV seroprevalence was associated with higher age (OR = 4.03, 95% CI: 1.61–10.07), criminal recidivism (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.02–6.52), and the use of injectable drugs (OR = 7.32, 95% CI 3.36–15.92). Although prisons might increase the risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV and HCV, the adoption of permanent epidemiological surveillance programs could help reducing the circulation of viruses, involving strategies focusing on screening, treating, and preventing infections to assure proper prisoner health. Moreover, these policies need to take place inside and outside the prison environment to offer continued assistance to former prisoners once they leave the institution.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMurielle Mary-Krause, Joel José Herranz Bustamante, Mégane Héron, Astrid Juhl Andersen, Tarik El Aarbaoui, Maria Melchior
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Murielle Mary-Krause, Joel José Herranz Bustamante, Mégane Héron, Astrid Juhl Andersen, Tarik El Aarbaoui, Maria Melchior
Background The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic lead to high levels of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Consequences of this outbreak and possible associated infection are an increase in mental health disorders and an increased likelihood of internalizing problems, particularly depression. However, to date few studies have tested this hypothesis while taking into account individuals’ preexisting mental health difficulties.
Methods We used longitudinal data collected among 729 persons in the context of the French TEMPO cohort between March and June 2020 (7 waves of data collection). COVID-19-like symptoms as well as anxiety/depression (assessed by the Adult Self Report), were reported at each wave of data collection. To study the relationship between COVID-19-like symptoms and anxiety/depression, we used generalized estimation equation (GEE) models controlled for socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, including anxiety/depression prior to 2020.
Results Overall, 27.2% of study participants reported anxiety/depression during lockdown. 17.1% of participants reported COVID-19-like symptoms during the course of follow-up, 7.3% after the beginning of lockdown, with an average number of 2.7 symptoms, and 3.6% reported respiratory distress. In multivariate analyses, nearly all the considered indicators of COVID-19-like symptoms were associated with higher odds of symptoms of anxiety/depression (symptoms Yes/No: OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.08–2.55; symptoms after the beginning of lockdown: OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.03–3.52; number of symptoms: OR for each additional symptom = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02–1.39. This relationship exists after taking into account prior symptoms of anxiety/depression, which are associated with a 5-fold increased likelihood of psychological distress. And this impact is stronger among men than women.
Conclusions Our study shows higher risk of anxiety/depression among persons who experienced COVID-19-like symptoms, even after accounting for prior mental health difficulties. COVID-19 infection could have both a direct and indirect impact on the occurrence of psychological difficulties, and this association should be studied in greater detail.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNoa Furth, Shay Shilo, Niv Cohen, Nir Erez, Vadim Fedyuk, Alexander M. Schrager, Adina Weinberger, Amiel A. Dror, Asaf Zigron, Mona Shehadeh, Eyal Sela, Samer Srouji, Sharon Amit, Itzchak Levy, Eran Segal, Rony Dahan, Dan Jones, Daniel C. Douek, Efrat Shema
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Noa Furth, Shay Shilo, Niv Cohen, Nir Erez, Vadim Fedyuk, Alexander M. Schrager, Adina Weinberger, Amiel A. Dror, Asaf Zigron, Mona Shehadeh, Eyal Sela, Samer Srouji, Sharon Amit, Itzchak Levy, Eran Segal, Rony Dahan, Dan Jones, Daniel C. Douek, Efrat Shema
The COVID-19 pandemic raises the need for diverse diagnostic approaches to rapidly detect different stages of viral infection. The flexible and quantitative nature of single-molecule imaging technology renders it optimal for development of new diagnostic tools. Here we present a proof-of-concept for a single-molecule based, enzyme-free assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2. The unified platform we developed allows direct detection of the viral genetic material from patients’ samples, as well as their immune response consisting of IgG and IgM antibodies. Thus, it establishes a platform for diagnostics of COVID-19, which could also be adjusted to diagnose additional pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnna Babicka-Wirkus, Lukasz Wirkus, Krzysztof Stasiak, Paweł Kozłowski
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Anna Babicka-Wirkus, Lukasz Wirkus, Krzysztof Stasiak, Paweł Kozłowski
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students’ daily functioning. This situation clearly showed the students’ helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Thus, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, it is pertinent to examine the students’ strategies of coping with stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. Such factors as age, gender, and place of residence influenced the choice of specific strategies of coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. The results allow for concluding that the students’ maladaptive strategies of coping with stress, especially during the pandemic, may result in long-term consequences for their psychophysiological health and academic achievements. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaofeng Liu, Zubair Ahmad, Ahmed M. Gemeay, Alanazi Talal Abdulrahman, E. H. Hafez, N. Khalil
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Xiaofeng Liu, Zubair Ahmad, Ahmed M. Gemeay, Alanazi Talal Abdulrahman, E. H. Hafez, N. Khalil
Over the past few months, the spread of the current COVID-19 epidemic has caused tremendous damage worldwide, and unstable many countries economically. Detailed scientific analysis of this event is currently underway to come. However, it is very important to have the right facts and figures to take all possible actions that are needed to avoid COVID-19. In the practice and application of big data sciences, it is always of interest to provide the best description of the data under consideration. The recent studies have shown the potential of statistical distributions in modeling data in applied sciences, especially in medical science. In this article, we continue to carry this area of research, and introduce a new statistical model called the arcsine modified Weibull distribution. The proposed model is introduced using the modified Weibull distribution with the arcsine-X approach which is based on the trigonometric strategy. The maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the new model are obtained and the performance these estimators are assessed by conducting a Monte Carlo simulation study. Finally, the effectiveness and utility of the arcsine modified Weibull distribution are demonstrated by modeling COVID-19 patients data. The data set represents the survival times of fifty-three patients taken from a hospital in China. The practical application shows that the proposed model out-classed the competitive models and can be chosen as a good candidate distribution for modeling COVID-19, and other related data sets.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedUday Narayan Yadav, Om Prakash Yadav, Devendra Raj Singh, Saruna Ghimire, Binod Rayamajhee, Sabuj Kanti Mistry, Lal Bahadur Rawal, ARM Mehrab Ali, Man Kumar Tamang, Suresh Mehta
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Uday Narayan Yadav, Om Prakash Yadav, Devendra Raj Singh, Saruna Ghimire, Binod Rayamajhee, Sabuj Kanti Mistry, Lal Bahadur Rawal, ARM Mehrab Ali, Man Kumar Tamang, Suresh Mehta
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected all age groups worldwide, but older adults have been affected greatly with an increased risk of severe illness and mortality. Nepal is struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic. The normal life of older adults, one of the vulnerable populations to COVID-19 infection, has been primarily impacted. The current evidence shows that the COVID-19 virus strains are deadly, and non-compliance to standard protocols can have serious consequences, increasing fear among older adults. This study assessed the perceived fear of COVID-19 and associated factors among older adults in eastern Nepal.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 among 847 older adults (≥60 years) residing in three districts of eastern Nepal. Perceived fear of COVID-19 was measured using the seven-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Multivariate logistic regression identified the factors associated with COVID-19 fear.
Results The mean score of the FCV-19S was 18.1 (SD = 5.2), and a sizeable proportion of older adults, ranging between 12%-34%, agreed with the seven items of the fear scale. Increasing age, Dalit ethnicity, remoteness to the health facility, and being concerned or overwhelmed with the COVID-19 were associated with greater fear of COVID-19. In contrast, preexisting health conditions were inversely associated with fear.
Conclusion Greater fear of the COVID-19 among the older adults in eastern Nepal suggests that during unprecedented times such as the current pandemic, the psychological needs of older adults should be prioritized. Establishing and integrating community-level mental health support as a part of the COVID-19 preparedness and response plan might help to combat COVID-19 fear among them.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAssia Zemmour, Radia Dali-Yahia, Makaoui Maatallah, Nadjia Saidi-Ouahrani, Bouabdallah Rahmani, Nora Benhamouche, Hissa M. Al-Farsi, Christian G. Giske
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Assia Zemmour, Radia Dali-Yahia, Makaoui Maatallah, Nadjia Saidi-Ouahrani, Bouabdallah Rahmani, Nora Benhamouche, Hissa M. Al-Farsi, Christian G. Giske
The purpose of the study was to characterize the resistome, virulome, mobilome and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated (CRISPR-Cas) system of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) clinical isolates and to determine their phylogenetic relatedness. The isolates were from Algeria, isolated at the University Hospital Establishment of Oran, between 2011 and 2012. ESBL-KP isolates (n = 193) were screened for several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) using qPCR followed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Representative isolates were selected from PFGE clusters and subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Genomic characterization of the WGS data by studying prophages, CRISPR-Cas systems, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), serotype, ARGs, virulence genes, plasmid replicons, and their pMLST. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic were done using core genome MLST and SNP-Based analysis. Generally, the ESBL-KP isolates were polyclonal. The whole genome sequences of nineteen isolates were taken of main PFGE clusters. Sixteen sequence types (ST) were found including high-risk clones ST14, ST23, ST37, and ST147. Serotypes K1 (n = 1), K2 (n = 2), K3 (n = 1), K31 (n = 1), K62 (n = 1), and K151 (n = 1) are associated with hyper-virulence. CRISPR-Cas system was found in 47.4%, typed I-E and I-E*. About ARGs, from 193 ESBL-KP, the majority of strains were multidrug-resistant, the CTX-M-1 enzyme was predominant (99%) and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes was high with aac(6′)-lb-cr (72.5%) and qnr’s (65.8%). From 19 sequenced isolates we identified ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (n = 19), blaOXA-48 (n = 1), blaCMY-2 (n = 2), and blaCMY-16 (n = 2), as well as non-ESBL genes: qnrB1 (n = 12), qnrS1 (n = 1) and armA (n = 2). We found IncF, IncN, IncL/M, IncA/C2, and Col replicon types, at least once per isolate. This study is the first to report qnrS in ESBL-KP in Algeria. Our analysis shows the concerning co-existence of virulence and resistance genes and would support that genomic surveillance should be a high priority in the hospital environment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexandra Heidel, Christian Hagist, Christian Schlereth
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Alexandra Heidel, Christian Hagist, Christian Schlereth
Objectives The objective of this paper is to study under which circumstances wearable and health app users would accept a compensation payment, namely a digital dividend, to share their self-tracked health data.
Methods We conducted a discrete choice experiment alternative, a separated adaptive dual response. We chose this approach to reduce extreme response behavior, considering the emotionally-charged topic of health data sales, and to measure willingness to accept. Previous experiments in lab settings led to demands for high monetary compensation. After a first online survey and two pre-studies, we validated four attributes for the final online study: monthly bonus payment, stakeholder handling the data (e.g., health insurer, pharmaceutical or medical device companies, universities), type of data, and data sales to third parties. We used a random utility framework to evaluate individual choice preferences. To test the expected prices of the main study for robustness, we assigned respondents randomly to one of two identical questionnaires with varying price ranges.
Results Over a period of three weeks, 842 respondents participated in the main survey, and 272 respondents participated in the second survey. The participants considered transparency about data processing and no further data sales to third parties as very important to the decision to share data with different stakeholders, as well as adequate monetary compensation. Price expectations resulting from the experiment were high; pharmaceutical and medical device companies would have to pay an average digital dividend of 237.30€/month for patient generated health data of all types. We also observed an anchor effect, which means that people formed price expectations during the process and not ex ante. We found a bimodal distribution between relatively low price expectations and relatively high price expectations, which shows that personal data selling is a divisive societal issue. However, the results indicate that a digital dividend could be an accepted economic incentive system to gather large-scale, self-tracked data for research and development purposes. After the COVID-19 crisis, price expectations might change due to public sensitization to the need for big data research on patient generated health data.
Conclusion A continuing success of existing data donation models is highly unlikely. The health care sector needs to develop transparency and trust in data processing. An adequate digital dividend could be an effective long-term measure to convince a diverse and large group of people to share high-quality, continuous data for research purposes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJohn T. Connelly, Alfred Andama, Benjamin D. Grant, Alexey Ball, Sandra Mwebe, Lucy Asege, Martha Nakaye, Brianda Barrios Lopez, Helen V. Hsieh, David Katumba, Job Mukwatamundu, Mayimuna Nalubega, Victoria M. Hunt, Stephen Burkot, Harisha Ramachandraiah, Alok Choudhary, Lech Ignatowicz, Bernhard H. Weigl, Christine Bachman, Jerry Mulondo, Fred Semitala, William Worodria, Abraham Pinter, Beston Hamasur, David Bell, Adithya Cattamanchi, Akos Somoskovi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by John T. Connelly, Alfred Andama, Benjamin D. Grant, Alexey Ball, Sandra Mwebe, Lucy Asege, Martha Nakaye, Brianda Barrios Lopez, Helen V. Hsieh, David Katumba, Job Mukwatamundu, Mayimuna Nalubega, Victoria M. Hunt, Stephen Burkot, Harisha Ramachandraiah, Alok Choudhary, Lech Ignatowicz, Bernhard H. Weigl, Christine Bachman, Jerry Mulondo, Fred Semitala, William Worodria, Abraham Pinter, Beston Hamasur, David Bell, Adithya Cattamanchi, Akos Somoskovi
Detection of tuberculosis at the point-of-care (POC) is limited by the low sensitivity of current commercially available tests. We describe a diagnostic accuracy field evaluation of a prototype urine Tuberculosis Lipoarabinomannan Lateral Flow Assay (TB-LAM LFA) in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients using fresh samples with sensitivity and specificity as the measures of accuracy. This prototype combines a proprietary concentration system with a sensitive LFA. In a prospective study of 292 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda, the clinical sensitivity and specificity was compared against a microbiological reference standard including sputum Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and solid and liquid culture. TB-LAM LFA had an overall sensitivity of 60% (95%CI 51–69%) and specificity of 80% (95%CI 73–85%). When comparing HIV-positive (N = 86) and HIV-negative (N = 206) patients, there was no significant difference in sensitivity (sensitivity difference 8%, 95%CI -11% to +24%, p = 0.4351) or specificity (specificity difference -9%, 95%CI -24% to +4%, p = 0.2051). Compared to the commercially available Alere Determine TB-LAM Ag test, the TB-LAM LFA prototype had improved sensitivity in both HIV-negative (difference 49%, 95%CI 37% to 59%, p<0.0001) and HIV-positive patients with CD4+ T-cell counts >200cells/μL (difference 59%, 95%CI 32% to 75%, p = 0.0009). This report is the first to show improved performance of a urine TB LAM test for HIV-negative patients in a high TB burden setting. We also offer potential assay refinement solutions that may further improve sensitivity and specificity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChunxia Hou, Huiyuan Jiang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Chunxia Hou, Huiyuan Jiang
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has brought great disasters to humanity, and its influence continues to intensify. In response to the public health emergencies, prompt relief supplies are key to reduce the damage. This paper presents a method of emergency medical logistics to quick response to emergency epidemics. The methodology includes two recursive mechanisms: (1) the time-varying forecasting of medical relief demand according to a modified susceptible-exposed-infected- Asymptomatic- recovered (SEIAR) epidemic diffusion model, (2) the relief supplies distribution based on a multi-objective dynamic stochastic programming model. Specially, the distribution model addresses a hypothetical network of emergency medical logistics with considering emergency medical reserve centers (EMRCs), epidemic areas and e-commerce warehousing centers as the rescue points. Numerical studies are conducted. The results show that with the cooperation of different epidemic areas and e-commerce warehousing centers, the total cost is 6% lower than without considering cooperation of different epidemic areas, and 9.7% lower than without considering cooperation of e-commerce warehousing centers. Particularly, the total cost is 20% lower than without considering any cooperation. This study demonstrates the importance of cooperation in epidemic prevention, and provides the government with a new idea of emergency relief supplies dispatching, that the rescue efficiency can be improved by mutual rescue between epidemic areas in public health emergency.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSanath Kumar Janaka, Natasha M. Clark, David T. Evans, Huihui Mou, Michael Farzan, Joseph P. Connor
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Sanath Kumar Janaka, Natasha M. Clark, David T. Evans, Huihui Mou, Michael Farzan, Joseph P. Connor
Background The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 that causes COVID-19 has resulted in the death of more than 2.5 million people, but no cure exists. Although passive immunization with COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) provides a safe and viable therapeutic option, the selection of optimal units for therapy in a timely fashion remains a barrier.
Study design and methods Since virus neutralization is a necessary characteristic of plasma that can benefit recipients, the neutralizing titers of plasma samples were measured using a retroviral-pseudotype assay. Binding antibody titers to the spike (S) protein were also determined by a clinically available serological assay (Ortho-Vitros total IG), and an in-house ELISA. The results of these assays were compared to a measurement of antibodies directed to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV2 S protein (Promega Lumit Dx).
Results All measures of antibodies were highly variable, but correlated, to different degrees, with each other. However, the anti-RBD antibodies correlated with viral neutralizing titers to a greater extent than the other antibody assays.
Discussion Our observations support the use of an anti-RBD assay such as the Lumit Dx assay, as an optimal predictor of the neutralization capability of CCP.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavis T. Weaver, Benjamin D. McElvany, Vishhvaan Gopalakrishnan, Kyle J. Card, Dena Crozier, Andrew Dhawan, Mina N. Dinh, Emily Dolson, Nathan Farrokhian, Masahiro Hitomi, Emily Ho, Tanush Jagdish, Eshan S. King, Jennifer L. Cadnum, Curtis J. Donskey, Nikhil Krishnan, Gleb Kuzmin, Ju Li, Jeff Maltas, Jinhan Mo, Julia Pelesko, Jessica A. Scarborough, Geoff Sedor, Enze Tian, Gary C. An, Sean A. Diehl, Jacob G. Scott
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
by Davis T. Weaver, Benjamin D. McElvany, Vishhvaan Gopalakrishnan, Kyle J. Card, Dena Crozier, Andrew Dhawan, Mina N. Dinh, Emily Dolson, Nathan Farrokhian, Masahiro Hitomi, Emily Ho, Tanush Jagdish, Eshan S. King, Jennifer L. Cadnum, Curtis J. Donskey, Nikhil Krishnan, Gleb Kuzmin, Ju Li, Jeff Maltas, Jinhan Mo, Julia Pelesko, Jessica A. Scarborough, Geoff Sedor, Enze Tian, Gary C. An, Sean A. Diehl, Jacob G. Scott
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucially important to the safety of both patients and medical personnel, particularly in the event of an infectious pandemic. As the incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases exponentially in the United States and many parts of the world, healthcare provider demand for these necessities is currently outpacing supply. In the midst of the current pandemic, there has been a concerted effort to identify viable ways to conserve PPE, including decontamination after use. In this study, we outline a procedure by which PPE may be decontaminated using ultraviolet (UV) radiation in biosafety cabinets (BSCs), a common element of many academic, public health, and hospital laboratories. According to the literature, effective decontamination of N95 respirator masks or surgical masks requires UV-C doses of greater than 1 Jcm−2, which was achieved after 4.3 hours per side when placing the N95 at the bottom of the BSCs tested in this study. We then demonstrated complete inactivation of the human coronavirus NL63 on N95 mask material after 15 minutes of UV-C exposure at 61 cm (232 μWcm−2). Our results provide support to healthcare organizations looking for methods to extend their reserves of PPE.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedUlyte, A., Radtke, T., Abela, I. A., Haile, S. R., Blankenberger, J., Jung, R., Capelli, C., Berger, C., Frei, A., Huber, M., Schanz, M., Schwarzmueller, M., Trkola, A., Fehr, J., Puhan, M. A., Kriemler, S.
BMJ Open, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
Objectives
To determine the variation in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in school children and the relationship with self-reported symptoms.
Design
Baseline measurements of a longitudinal cohort study (Ciao Corona) from June to July 2020.
Setting
55 schools stratified by district in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland.
Participants
2585 children (1339 girls; median age: 11 years, age range: 6–16 years), attending grades 1–2, 4–5 and 7–8.
Main outcome measures
Variation in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children across 12 cantonal districts, schools and grades, assessed using Luminex-based test of four epitopes for IgG, IgA and IgM (Antibody Coronavirus Assay,ABCORA 2.0). Clustering of cases within classes. Association of seropositivity and symptoms. Comparison with seroprevalence in adult population, assessed using Luminex-based test of IgG and IgA (Sensitive Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Trimer Immunoglobulin Serological test).
Results
Overall seroprevalence was 2.8% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.1%), ranging from 1.0% to 4.5% across districts. Seroprevalence in grades 1–2 was 3.8% (95% CI 2.0% to 6.1%), in grades 4–5 was 2.4% (95% CI 1.1% to 4.2%) and in grades 7–8 was 1.5% (95% CI 0.5% to 3.0%). At least one seropositive child was present in 36 of 55 (65%) schools and in 44 (34%) of 131 classes where ≥5 children and ≥50% of children within the class were tested. 73% of children reported COVID-19-compatible symptoms since January 2020, with the same frequency in seropositive and seronegative children for all symptoms. Seroprevalence of children and adults was similar (3.2%, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.7% to 5.0% vs 3.6%, 95% CrI 1.7% to 5.4%). The ratio of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence-to-seropositive cases was 1:89 in children and 1:12 in adults.
Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low in children and similar to that in adults by the end of June 2020. Very low ratio of diagnosed-to-seropositive children was observed. We did not detect clustering of SARS-CoV-2-seropositive children within classes, but the follow-up of this study will shed more light on transmission within schools.
Trial registration number
NCT04448717.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTaylor, M. E., Todd, C., O'Rourke, S., Clemson, L. M., Close, J. C., Lord, S. R., Lung, T., Berlowitz, D. J., Blennerhassett, J., Chow, J., Dayhew, J., Hawley-Hague, H., Hodge, W., Howard, K., Johnson, P., Lasrado, R., McInerney, G., Merlene, M., Miles, L., Said, C. M., White, L., Wilson, N., Zask, A., Delbaere, K.
BMJ Open, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 26.07.2021
Introduction
One in three people aged 65 years and over fall each year. The health, economic and personal impact of falls will grow substantially in the coming years due to population ageing. Developing and implementing cost-effective strategies to prevent falls and mobility problems among older people is therefore an urgent public health challenge. StandingTall is a low-cost, unsupervised, home-based balance exercise programme delivered through a computer or tablet. StandingTall has a simple user-interface that incorporates physical and behavioural elements designed to promote compliance. A large randomised controlled trial in 503 community-dwelling older people has shown that StandingTall is safe, has high adherence rates and is effective in improving balance and reducing falls. The current project targets a major need for older people and will address the final steps needed to scale this innovative technology for widespread use by older people across Australia and internationally.
Methods and analysis
This project will endeavour to recruit 300 participants across three sites in Australia and 100 participants in the UK. The aim of the study is to evaluate the implementation of StandingTall into the community and health service settings in Australia and the UK. The nested process evaluation will use both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore uptake and acceptability of the StandingTall programme and associated resources. The primary outcome is participant adherence to the StandingTall programme over 6 months.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval has been obtained from the South East Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC reference 18/288) in Australia and the North West- Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee (IRAS ID: 268954) in the UK. Dissemination will be via publications, conferences, newsletter articles, social media, talks to clinicians and consumers and meetings with health departments/managers.
Trial registration number
ACTRN12619001329156.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed