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26 emner vises.
Abbott, S., Christensen, H., Brooks-Pollock, E.
BMJ Open, 11.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Objectives
In 2005, England and Wales switched from universal BCG vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) disease for school-age children to targeted vaccination of neonates. We aimed to recreate and re-evaluate a previously published model, the results of which informed this policy change.
Design
We recreated an approach for estimating the impact of ending the BCG schools scheme, correcting a methodological flaw in the model, updating the model with parameter uncertainty and improving parameter estimates where possible. We investigated scenarios for the assumed annual decrease in TB incidence rates considered by the UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation and explored alternative scenarios using notification data.
Setting
England and Wales.
Outcome measures
The number of vaccines needed to prevent a single notification and the average annual additional notifications caused by ending the policy change.
Results
The previously published model was found to contain a methodological flaw and to be spuriously precise. It greatly underestimated the impact of ending school-age vaccination compared with our updated, corrected model. The updated model produced predictions with wide CIs when parameter uncertainty was included. Model estimates based on an assumption of an annual decrease in TB incidence rates of 1.9% were closest to those estimated using notification data. Using this assumption, we estimate that 1600 (2.5; 97.5% quantiles: 1300, 2000) vaccines would have been required to prevent a single notification in 2004.
Conclusions
The impact of ending the BCG schools scheme was found to be greater than previously thought when notification data were used. Our results highlight the importance of independent evaluations of modelling evidence, including uncertainty, and evaluating multiple scenarios when forecasting the impact of changes in vaccination policy.
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Dickerson, J., Kelly, B., Lockyer, B., Bridges, S., Cartwright, C., Willan, K., Shire, K., Crossley, K., Bryant, M., Siddiqi, N., Sheldon, T. A., Lawlor, D. A., Wright, J., McEachan, R. R., Pickett, K. E., on behalf of the Bradford Institute for Health Research COVID-19 Scientific Advisory Group, on behalf of the Bradford Institute for Health Research Covid-19 Scientific Advisory Group, Hou, Santorelli, West, Sohal, Sheard, Mon-Williams, McCooe, Lawton
BMJ Open, 11.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Objectives
To explore clinically important increases in depression/anxiety from before to during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown and factors related to this change, with a particular focus on ethnic differences.
Design
Pre-COVID-19 and lockdown surveys nested within two longitudinal Born in Bradford cohort studies.
Participants
1860 mothers with a child aged 0–5 or 9–13, 48% Pakistani heritage.
Main outcome measures
ORs for a clinically important increase (5 points or more) in depression (eight item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8)) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7)) in unadjusted regression analyses, repeated with exposures of interest separated by ethnicity to look for differences in magnitude of associations, and lived experience of mothers captured in open text questions.
Results
The number of women reporting clinically important depression/anxiety increased from 11% to 20% (95% CI 10%–13%; 18%–22%) and from 10% to 16% (95% CI 8%–11%; 15%–18%), respectively. Increases in depression/anxiety were associated with loneliness (OR=8.37, 95% CI 5.70 to 12.27; 8.50, 95% CI 5.71 to 12.65, respectively); financial (6.23, 95% CI 3.96 to 9.80; 6.03, 95% CI 3.82 to 9.51), food (3.33, 95% CI 2.09 to 5.28; 3.46, 95% CI 2.15 to 5.58) and housing insecurity (3.29, 95% CI 2.36 to 4.58; 3.0, 95% CI 2.11 to 4.25); a lack of physical activity (3.13, 95% CI 2.15 to 4.56; 2.55, 95% CI 1.72 to 3.78); and a poor partner relationship (3.6, 95% CI 2.44 to 5.43; 5.1, 95% CI 3.37 to 7.62). The magnitude of associations between key exposures and worsening mental health varied between ethnic groups.
Responses to open text questions illustrated a complex interplay of challenges contributing to mental ill health including: acute health anxieties; the mental load of managing multiple responsibilities; loss of social support and coping strategies; pressures of financial and employment insecurity; and being unable to switch off from the pandemic.
Conclusions
Mental ill health has worsened for many during the COVID-19 lockdown, particularly in those who are lonely and economically insecure. The magnitude of associations between key exposures and worsening mental health varied between ethnic groups. Mental health problems may have longer term consequences for public health and interventions that address the potential causes are needed.
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Qi, X., Wang, J., Liu, J., Amporfro, D. A., Wang, K., Liu, H., Shah, S., Wu, Q., Hao, Y.
BMJ Open, 11.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the prevalence of peritraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs), perceived threat, social support and factors contributing to clinically significant PTSS among frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers (HCWs) in China.
Design and setting
An online survey through self-administered questionnaires was conducted from 18 February to 4 March 2020, during the outbreak of COVID-19.
Outcomes measures
PTSS was assessed using the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) self-rating scale. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, self-reported health, physical/psychological symptoms, perceived threat from frontline work and perceived social support were investigated. Multivariable line regression analysis distinguished factors associated with HCWs’ PTSS scores.
Results
A total of 676 (58.1%) HCWs have shown clinically significant high levels of PTSS. Only 441 (37.9%) self-reported good health. Most had physical symptom(s) (915 (78.7%)), psychological symptom(s) (906 (77.9%)), inability to vent emotions (284 (24.4%)), emotional exhaustion (666 (57.3%)) and 1037 (89.2%) needed professional respect. Moreover, social support received was less than expected, and the receipt of psychological services/help scored the lowest (3.11±1.73). Combined psychological and physical symptoms, difficulty in releasing tension and venting emotions timely, fear of infection, emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation are significantly associated with PTSS scores among frontline HCWs. Working ≥8 hours, having the senior professional title, self-reported health, enjoying perfect protection and control measures, economic subsidy and control policy on reducing discriminatory practices are negatively correlated with PTSS scores.
Conclusions
During the outbreak of COVID-19, frontline HCWs experienced clinically significant high levels of PTSS and heavy workload, and the emergency resulted in their inadequate psychosocial support. If this is left unchecked, HCWs have a higher risk of developing PTSD. Early detection, identification and person-directed, targeted multidisciplinary interventions should be undertaken to address various influencing factors. Comprehensive measures, including setting up emotional release channels, as well as providing psychological and social support intervention for HCWs globally, are highly recommended.
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Ismael, O. Y., Li, Y., Sha, Z., Wu, Q., Wei, L., Jiao, M., Li, Y., Shan, L., Wang, Y.
BMJ Open, 11.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Background
A COVID-19 outbreak has been contained in China through effective prevention measures with the collaboration of the citizens. However, there is resistance to self-reported symptoms as required in the international student community. This study explored knowledge level and symptoms reporting behaviours toward COVID-19 among international students.
Methods
An online cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 119 international students across Heilongjiang province and questionnaires implemented through WeChat between 1 and 25 March 2020. The results were explained using descriptive X2 test and binary logistic regression analysis using SPSS V.20.
Results
In total, 119 international students participated, with a response rate of 90.16%. Of the 119 respondents, 96 (80.7%) knew COVID-19 symptoms, 109 (91.6%) took cognisance of questions on the importance of the maintenance of wearing masks and 113 (95%) on questions regarding hand hygiene in the prevention of disease transmission. However, results show that there were still large gaps in knowledge about questions regarding the virus and the treatment methods (many participants incorrectly believed that the virus could be kill by drinking alcohol or smoking). In addition, more than half of the participants declared compliance with positive health behaviours, however 27.7% did not agree with vaccination (if any), and 31.1% did not agree to be quarantined after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Furthermore, 20 participants (16, 80%) expressed an inclination to deliberately withhold symptoms. Variables in the Health Belief Model showed a significant association with behavioural change.
Conclusion
From our study, we found that there is evident knowledge about COVID-19 among international students, although orientation and sensitisation are still required. Those who were aware of the benefits of reporting, the severity of COVID-19 and the legal consequences of deliberately concealing information showed a greater willingness to report; conversely, those who believed reporting is very inconvenient and feared being quarantined after reporting showed less willingness to report. A study focusing on international students’ knowledge and behaviour amid the pandemic will provide information for countries to cut off the chain of disease transmission of all variants of COVID-19.
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Tune, S. N. B. K., Islam, B. Z., Islam, M. R., Tasnim, Z., Ahmed, S. M.
BMJ Open, 11.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Objective
This study explored Frontline Health Workers’ (FLWs) knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on COVID-19 and their lived experiences, in both their personal and work lives, at the early stage of the pandemic in Bangladesh.
Design, setting and participants
This was a qualitative study conducted through telephone interviews in May 2020. A total of 41 FLWs including physicians, nurses, paramedics, community healthcare workers and hospital support staff from 34 public and private facilities of both urban and rural parts of Bangladesh participated in the interview. A purposive sampling technique supplemented by a snowball sampling method was followed to select the participants. The in-depth interviews followed a semi-structured interview guide, and we applied the thematic analysis method for the qualitative data analysis.
Findings
Except physicians, the FLWs did not receive any institutional training on COVID-19, including its prevention and management, in most instances. Also, they had no training in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Their common source of knowledge was the different websites or social media platforms. The FLWs were at risk while delivering services because patients were found to hide histories and not maintaining safety rules, including physical distancing. Moreover, inadequate supply of PPE, fear of getting infected, risk to family members and ostracisation by the neighbours were mentioned to be quite common by them. This situation eventually led to the development of mental stress and anxiety; however, they tried to cope up with this dire situation and attend to the call of humanity.
Conclusion
The uncertain work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic simultaneously affected FLWs’ physical and emotional health in Bangladesh. However, they showed professional devotion in overcoming such obstacles and continued to deliver essential services. This could be further facilitated by a quick and targeted training package on COVID-19, and the provision of supplies for delivering services with appropriate safety precautions.
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Muhammad Kamruzzaman Amy J. Mathers Jonathan R. Iredell a Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia. b Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA. c Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYamei Li Lulu Zhang Leshan Xiu Di Wang Yaling Zeng Feng Wang Yueping Yin Junping Peng a NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China b Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences c School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine d One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh e Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China f Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China g National Center for STD Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSimon E Koele Stijn W van Beek Gary Maartens James C. M. Brust Elin M Svensson 1 Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 2 Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 3 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 4 Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 5 Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHaley J. Appaneal Vrishali V. Lopes Kerry L. LaPlante Aisling R. Caffrey 1Infectious Diseases Research Program, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States 2Center of Innovation in Long-Term Support Services, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States 3College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States 4Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNikola Kurbatfinski Steven D. Goodman Lauren O. Bakaletz a Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America b Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarta Hernández-García María García-Castillo Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa Germán Bou María Siller-Ruiz Cristina Pitart Irene Gracia-Ahufinger Xavier Mulet Álvaro Pascual Nuria Tormo Rafael Cantón 1Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain 2CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 3Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario A Coruña and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain 4Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain 5Laboratorio de Microbiología. Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain. 6UGC de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía-Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain 7Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Son Espases and Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (idISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain 8Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) (Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain 9Servicio de Microbiología. Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShannon Kilburn Gabriel Innes Monica Quinn Karen Southwick Belinda Ostrowsky Jane A. Greenko Emily Lutterloh Rebecca Greeley Reed Magleby Vishnu Chaturvedi Sudha Chaturvedi New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA (S. Kilburn, M. Quinn, E. Lutterloh, V. Chaturvedi, S. Chaturvedi) New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, USA (G. Innes, R. Greeley, R. Magleby) New York State Department of Health, New Rochelle, New York, USA (K. Southwick) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA (B. Ostrowsky) New York State Department of Health, Central Islip, New York (J.A. Greenko) State University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York, USA (E. Lutterloh, S. Chaturvedi)
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHaiyan Long Ya Hu Yu Feng Zhiyong Zong 1Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 2Center for Pathogen Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 3Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMary Beth Wire Soo Youn Jun In-Jin Jang Seung-Hwan Lee Jun Gi Hwang David B. Huang 1Lysovant Sciences, Inc., New York, NY, USA 2iNtRON Biotechnology, Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea 3Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMark S. Butler Valeria Gigante Hatim Sati Sarah Paulin Laila Al-Sulaiman John H. Rex Prabhavathi Fernandes Cesar A. Arias Mical Paul Guy E. Thwaites Lloyd Czaplewski Richard A. Alm Christian Lienhardt Melvin Spigelman Lynn L. Silver Norio Ohmagari Roman Kozlov Stephan Harbarth Peter Beyer a MSBChem Consulting, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia b Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Australia c Antimicrobial Resistance Division, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland d F2G Limited, Eccles, Cheshire, United Kingdom e McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA f Scientific Advisory Committee, GARDP, Geneva, Switzerland and The National Biodefense Science Board, Health and Human Services, Washington DC, USA g Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA h Center for Infectious Diseases, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA i Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel j The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel k Oxford University Clinical Research Unitgrid.412433.3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. l Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK m Chemical Biology Ventures Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK n CARB-X, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA o Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM—Montpellier, France p TB Alliance, New York, New York, USA q LL Silver Consulting, New Jersey, USA r National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan s Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russia. t National Center for Infection Prevention, Swissnoso, Bern, Switzerland u Infection Control Programme, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Patient Safety, Geneva, Switzerland.
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLuisa A. Denkel, Frank Schwab, Jörg Clausmeyer, Michael Behnke, Jennifer Golembus, Solvy Wolke, Petra Gastmeier, Christine Geffers
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 11.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Our study aimed to compare the effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine, octenidine or water and soap (routine care = control) on central-line (CL) associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in intensive care units (ICUs).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKaren G. Lloyd, Guillaume Tahon
Nat Rev Microbiol, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 10 January 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00684-2The International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) has recently altered long-standing phylum names and given no guidance for taxonomy of uncultured or imperfectly cultured archaea and bacteria, disrupting progress towards a universal system of microbial taxonomy. Inclusion of new members into ICSP may help it to keep up to date.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatthew T. Sorbara, Eric G. Pamer
Nat Rev Microbiol, 6.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 06 January 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00667-9Microbiome-based therapeutics hold great promise for reducing disease susceptibility and enhancing disease resistance. In this Review, Sorbara and Pamer explore the major bacterial phyla associated with health benefits and the potential of microbiome-based therapeutics, including faecal microbiota transplantation, bacterial consortia, engineered symbiotic bacteria, diet and prebiotics, and microbiome-derived proteins and metabolites. They also discuss the challenges confronting therapeutic development as well as the regulatory hurdles for clinical trials and manufacturing.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDukas Jurėnas, Nathan Fraikin, Frédéric Goormaghtigh, Laurence Van Melderen
Nat Rev Microbiol, 2.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 02 January 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00661-1Toxin–antitoxin systems are composed of a toxin that inhibits an essential cellular process and an antitoxin that counteracts its cognate toxin. In this Review, Van Melderen and colleagues summarize the recent progress in understanding the biology and evolution of these small genetic elements, and discuss how genomic conflicts could shape the diversification of toxin–antitoxin systems.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEvelyne Kohli, Sébastien Causse, Valentin Baverel, Laurence Dubrez, Natalia Borges-Bonan, Oleg Demidov, Carmen Garrido aINSERM UMR 1231, Labex LipSTIC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France bUniversity Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France cLaboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia dCenter George François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 13.10.2021
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/mmbr/85/4'>Volume 85, Issue 4</a>, December 2021.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKam Pou Ha, Andrew M. Edwards aMRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College Londongrid.7445.2, London, United Kingdom bUniversité Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 15.09.2021
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/mmbr/85/4'>Volume 85, Issue 4</a>, December 2021.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAurelia Schütz, Katharina Kurz, Gesa Busch
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
by Aurelia Schütz, Katharina Kurz, Gesa Busch
Apart from improving husbandry conditions and animal welfare, there is a clear public demand to increase transparency in agricultural activities. Personal farm tours have shown to be appreciated by citizens but are limited in their impact because of hygiene requirements and accessibility. Virtual farm tours are a promising approach to overcome these limitations but evidence on their perceptions is missing. This study analyzes how a virtual farm tour is perceived by showing participants (n = 17) a 360-degree video of a conventional pig fattening pen on a tablet and via virtual reality (VR) glasses. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to analyze perceptions and level of immersion and to elicit differences between media devices. Participants’ perception of the pig fattening pen was rather poor and depended on the recording perspective as well as on the media device. However, housing conditions were perceived more positively compared to the image participants had in mind prior to the study, and thus the stable was considered as a rather positive example. Participants described virtual farm tours as suitable tool to improve transparency and information transfer and to gain insights into husbandry conditions. They appreciated the comfortable and entertaining character of both media devices and named various possibilities for implementation. However, VR glasses were favored regarding the higher realistic and entertaining value, while the tablet was considered beneficial in terms of usability. The presentation of video sequences without additional explanations about the farm or the housing conditions were claimed insufficient to give an adequate understanding of the seen content.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmer Ait Sidhoum, K. Hervé Dakpo, Laure Latruffe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
by Amer Ait Sidhoum, K. Hervé Dakpo, Laure Latruffe
This article studies trade-offs of farms in terms of economic sustainability (proxied here by technical efficiency), environmental sustainability (proxied here by farmers’ commitment towards the environment) and social sustainability (proxied here by farmers’ contribution to on farm well-being and communities’ well-being). We use the latent class stochastic frontier model and create classes based on three separating variables, representing farms’ environmental sustainability and social sustainability. The application to a sample of Spanish crop farms shows that more environmentally sustainable farms are likely to have lower levels of technical efficiency. However, improvements in social concerns, both towards own farm and the larger community, may lead to improved technical efficiency levels. In general, our study provides evidence of trade-offs for farms between economic sustainability and environmental sustainability, but also between environmental sustainability and social sustainability.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBahram M, Netherway T.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 17.12.2021
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
AbstractFungi form a major and diverse component of most ecosystems on Earth. They are both micro and macroorganisms with high and varying functional diversity as well as great variation in dispersal modes. With our growing knowledge of microbial biogeography, it has become increasingly clear that fungal assembly patterns and processes differ from other microorganisms such as bacteria, but also from macroorganisms such as plants. The success of fungi as organisms and their influence on the environment lies in their ability to span multiple dimensions of time, space, and biological interactions, that is not rivalled by other organism groups. There is also growing evidence that fungi mediate links between different organisms and ecosystems, with the potential to affect the macroecology and evolution of those organisms. This suggests that fungal interactions are an ecological driving force, interconnecting different levels of biological and ecological organisation of their hosts, competitors, and antagonists with the environment and ecosystem functioning. Here we review these emerging lines of evidence by focusing on the dynamics of fungal interactions with other organism groups across various ecosystems. We conclude that the mediating role of fungi through their complex and dynamic ecological interactions underlie their importance and ubiquity across Earth's ecosystems.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWesterholm M, Calusinska M, Dolfing J.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 7.12.2021
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
AbstractThe mutual nutritional cooperation underpinning syntrophic propionate degradation provides a scant amount of energy for the microorganisms involved, so propionate degradation often acts as a bottleneck in methanogenic systems. Understanding the ecology, physiology, and metabolic capacities of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria is of interest in both engineered and natural ecosystems, as it offers prospects to guide further development of technologies for biogas production and biomass-derived chemicals, and is important in forecasting contributions by biogenic methane emissions to climate change. Syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria are distributed across different phyla. They can exhibit broad metabolic capabilities in addition to syntrophy (e.g. fermentative, sulfidogenic, and acetogenic metabolism) and demonstrate variations in interplay with cooperating partners, indicating nuances in their syntrophic lifestyle. In this review, we discuss distinctions in gene repertoire and organization for the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway, hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases, and emerging facets of (formate/hydrogen/direct) electron transfer mechanisms. We also use information from cultivations, thermodynamic calculations, and omic analyses as the basis for identifying environmental conditions governing propionate oxidation in various ecosystems. Overall, this review improves basic and applied understanding of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria and highlights knowledge gaps, hopefully encouraging future research and engineering on propionate metabolism in biotechnological processes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKara A. O’Neal Leah E. Latham Enatha Ntirandekura Camille L. Foscue Jason S. Stumhofer *University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, AR, United States of America.
Infection and Immunity, 10.01.2022
Tilføjet 11.01.2022
Infection and Immunity, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
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