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Pei-Yun Chen, Pei-Ni Chuang, Chien-Hsieh Chiang, Hao-Hsiang Chang, Chia-Wen Lu, Kuo-Chin Huang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
by Pei-Yun Chen, Pei-Ni Chuang, Chien-Hsieh Chiang, Hao-Hsiang Chang, Chia-Wen Lu, Kuo-Chin Huang
Background Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a great impact on global health, but with relatively few confirmed cases in Taiwan. People in Taiwan showed excellent cooperation with the government for disease prevention and faced social and behavioral changes during this period. This study aimed to investigate people’s knowledge of COVID-19, attitudes and practices regarding vaccinations for influenza, pneumococcus and COVID-19. Methods We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional questionnaire survey from September 2020 to October 2020 among adults in northern Taiwan. The four-part questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19. Results Among a total of 410 respondents, 58.5% were categorized as having “good knowledge” responding to COVID-19. Among the total respondents, 86.6% were willing to receive influenza or pneumococcal vaccines, and 76% of them acted to receive COVID-19 immunization once the vaccine became available. Compared with the respondents with poor knowledge of COVID-19, those with good knowledge had a more positive attitude toward receiving influenza or pneumococcal immunization (OR 3.26, 95% CI = 1.74–6.12). Conclusions Participants with good knowledge of COVID-19 had greater intent to receive immunization for influenza or pneumococcal vaccine. The promotion of correct knowledge of both COVID-19 and immunization preparations is necessary.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSwarnali Louha, Camelia Herman, Mansi Gupta, Dhruviben Patel, Julia Kelley, Je-Hoon M. OH, Janani Guru, Jean F. Lemoine, Michelle A. Chang, Udhayakumar Venkatachalam, Eric Rogier, Eldin Talundzic
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
by Swarnali Louha, Camelia Herman, Mansi Gupta, Dhruviben Patel, Julia Kelley, Je-Hoon M. OH, Janani Guru, Jean F. Lemoine, Michelle A. Chang, Udhayakumar Venkatachalam, Eric Rogier, Eldin Talundzic
Sequencing large numbers of individual samples is often needed for countrywide antimalarial drug resistance surveillance. Pooling DNA from several individual samples is an alternative cost and time saving approach for providing allele frequency (AF) estimates at a population level. Using 100 individual patient DNA samples of dried blood spots from a 2017 nationwide drug resistance surveillance study in Haiti, we compared codon coverage of drug resistance-conferring mutations in four Plasmodium falciparum genes (crt, dhps, dhfr, and mdr1), for the same deep sequenced samples run individually and pooled. Samples with similar real-time PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values (+/- 1.0 Ct value) were combined with ten samples per pool. The sequencing success for samples in pools were higher at a lower parasite density than the individual samples sequence method. The median codon coverage for drug resistance-associated mutations in all four genes were greater than 3-fold higher in the pooled samples than in individual samples. The overall codon coverage distribution for pooled samples was wider than the individual samples. The sample pools with < 40 parasites/μL blood showed more discordance in AF calls for dhfr and mdr1 between the individual and pooled samples. This discordance in AF estimation may be due to low amounts of parasite DNA, which could lead to variable PCR amplification efficiencies. Grouping samples with an estimated ≥ 40 parasites/μL blood prior to pooling and deep sequencing yielded the expected population level AF. Pooling DNA samples based on estimates of > 40 parasites/μL prior to deep sequencing can be used for rapid genotyping of a large number of samples for these four genes and possibly other drug resistant markers in population-based studies. As Haiti is a low malaria transmission country with very few mixed infections and continued chloroquine sensitivity, the pooled sequencing approach can be used for routine national molecular surveillance of resistant parasites.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRodrigo B. Aires, Alexandre A. de S. M. Soares, Ana Paula M. Gomides, André M. Nicola, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Dayde Lane M. da Silva, Eliana T. de Gois, Flávia D. Xavier, Francielle P. Martins, Gabriela P. J. Santos, Heidi Luise Schulte, Isabelle S. Luz, Laila S. Espindola, Laurence R. do Amaral, Liza F. Felicori, Luciana A. Naves, Maíra R. M. de Carvalho, Matheus de S. Gomes, Otávio T. Nóbrega, Patrícia Albuquerque, Wagner Fontes, Ciro M. Gomes, Patricia S. Kurizky, Cleandro P. Albuquerque, Olindo A. Martins-Filho, Licia Maria H. da Mota
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
by Rodrigo B. Aires, Alexandre A. de S. M. Soares, Ana Paula M. Gomides, André M. Nicola, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Dayde Lane M. da Silva, Eliana T. de Gois, Flávia D. Xavier, Francielle P. Martins, Gabriela P. J. Santos, Heidi Luise Schulte, Isabelle S. Luz, Laila S. Espindola, Laurence R. do Amaral, Liza F. Felicori, Luciana A. Naves, Maíra R. M. de Carvalho, Matheus de S. Gomes, Otávio T. Nóbrega, Patrícia Albuquerque, Wagner Fontes, Ciro M. Gomes, Patricia S. Kurizky, Cleandro P. Albuquerque, Olindo A. Martins-Filho, Licia Maria H. da Mota
In patients with severe forms of COVID-19, thromboelastometry has been reported to display a hypercoagulant pattern. However, an algorithm to differentiate severe COVID-19 patients from nonsevere patients and healthy controls based on thromboelastometry parameters has not been developed. Forty-one patients over 18 years of age with positive qRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were classified according to the severity of the disease: nonsevere (NS, n = 20) or severe (S, n = 21). A healthy control (HC, n = 9) group was also examined. Blood samples from all participants were tested by extrinsic (EXTEM), intrinsic (INTEM), non-activated (NATEM) and functional assessment of fibrinogen (FIBTEM) assays of thromboelastometry. The thrombodynamic potential index (TPI) was also calculated. Severe COVID-19 patients exhibited a thromboelastometry profile with clear hypercoagulability, which was significantly different from the NS and HC groups. Nonsevere COVID-19 cases showed a trend to thrombotic pole. The NATEM test suggested that nonsevere and severe COVID-19 patients presented endogenous coagulation activation (reduced clotting time and clot formation time). TPI data were significantly different between the NS and S groups. The maximum clot firmness profile obtained by FIBTEM showed moderate/elevated accuracy to differentiate severe patients from NS and HC. A decision tree algorithm based on the FIBTEM-MCF profile was proposed to differentiate S from HC and NS. Thromboelastometric parameters are a useful tool to differentiate the coagulation profile of nonsevere and severe COVID-19 patients for therapeutic intervention purposes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOlivia Wetsch, Miranda Strasburg, Jessica McQuigg, Michelle D. Boone
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
by Olivia Wetsch, Miranda Strasburg, Jessica McQuigg, Michelle D. Boone
Emerging infectious diseases are increasing globally and are an additional challenge to species dealing with native parasites and pathogens. Therefore, understanding the combined effects of infectious agents on hosts is important for species’ conservation and population management. Amphibians are hosts to many parasites and pathogens, including endemic trematode flatworms (e.g., Echinostoma spp.) and the novel pathogenic amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]). Our study examined how exposure to trematodes during larval development influenced the consequences of Bd pathogen exposure through critical life events. We found that prior exposure to trematode parasites negatively impacted metamorphosis but did not influence the effect of Bd infection on terrestrial growth and survival. Bd infection alone, however, resulted in significant mortality during overwintering—an annual occurrence for most temperate amphibians. The results of our study indicated overwintering mortality from Bd could provide an explanation for enigmatic declines and highlights the importance of examining the long-term consequences of novel parasite exposure.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAurelie Kennedy Nelson, Tali Cassidy, Laura Trivino Duran, Vivian Cox, Catherine J. Wedderburn, Janet Giddy, Pauline Pieters, Mark F. Cotton, Tabitha Mutseyekwa, Bulelwa Rorwana, Beryl Sibanda, Jonathan Bernheimer, Nopinky Matise, Petros Isaakidis, Jean Maritz
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
by Aurelie Kennedy Nelson, Tali Cassidy, Laura Trivino Duran, Vivian Cox, Catherine J. Wedderburn, Janet Giddy, Pauline Pieters, Mark F. Cotton, Tabitha Mutseyekwa, Bulelwa Rorwana, Beryl Sibanda, Jonathan Bernheimer, Nopinky Matise, Petros Isaakidis, Jean Maritz
Background Despite the reduction of HIV mother-to-child transmission, there are concerns regarding transmission rate in the breastfeeding period. We describe the routine uptake of 6 or 10 (6/10) weeks, 9 months and 18 months testing, with and without tracing, in a cohort of infants who received HIV PCR testing at birth (birth PCR) (with and without point of care (POC) testing) in a peri-urban primary health care setting in Khayelitsha, South Africa. Methods In this cohort study conducted between November 2014 and February 2018, HIV-positive mothers and their HIV-exposed babies were recruited at birth and all babies were tested with birth PCR. Results of routine 6/10 weeks PCR, 9 months and 18 months testing were followed up by a patient tracer. We compared testing at 6/10 weeks with a subgroup from historical cohort who was not tested with birth PCR. Results We found that the uptake of 6/10 weeks testing was 77%, compared to 82% with tracing. When including all infants in the cascade and comparing to a historical cohort without birth testing, we found that infants who tested a birth were 22% more likely to have a 6/10 weeks test compared to those not tested at birth. There was no significant difference between the uptake of 6/10 weeks testing after birth PCR POC versus birth PCR testing without POC. Uptake of 9 months and 18 months testing was 39% and 24% respectively. With intense tracing efforts, uptake increased to 45% and 34% respectively. Conclusion Uptake of HIV testing for HIV-exposed uninfected infants in the first 18 months of life shows good completion of the 6/10 weeks PCR but suboptimal uptake of HIV testing at 9 months and 18 months, despite tracing efforts. Birth PCR testing did not negatively affect uptake of the 6/10 weeks HIV test compared to no birth PCR testing.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSophie Weber, Philipp M. Grande, Lars M. Blank, Holger Klose
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
by Sophie Weber, Philipp M. Grande, Lars M. Blank, Holger Klose
With their ability of CO2 fixation using sunlight as an energy source, algae and especially microalgae are moving into the focus for the production of proteins and other valuable compounds. However, the valorization of algal biomass depends on the effective disruption of the recalcitrant microalgal cell wall. Especially cell walls of Chlorella species proved to be very robust. The wall structures that are responsible for this robustness have been studied less so far. Here, we evaluate different common methods to break up the algal cell wall effectively and measure the success by protein and carbohydrate release. Subsequently, we investigate algal cell wall features playing a role in the wall’s recalcitrance towards disruption. Using different mechanical and chemical technologies, alkali catalyzed hydrolysis of the Chlorella vulgaris cells proved to be especially effective in solubilizing up to 56 wt% protein and 14 wt% carbohydrates of the total biomass. The stepwise degradation of C. vulgaris cell walls using a series of chemicals with increasingly strong conditions revealed that each fraction released different ratios of proteins and carbohydrates. A detailed analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall extracted in each step identified possible factors for the robustness of the cell wall. In particular, the presence of chitin or chitin-like polymers was indicated by glucosamine found in strong alkali extracts. The presence of highly ordered starch or cellulose was indicated by glucose detected in strong acidic extracts. Our results might help to tailor more specific efforts to disrupt Chlorella cell walls and help to valorize microalgae biomass.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKahui Lim, Matthew Rolston, Samantha Barnum, Cara Wademan, Harold Leverenz
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
by Kahui Lim, Matthew Rolston, Samantha Barnum, Cara Wademan, Harold Leverenz
In this study, we examined the total bacterial community associated with ureolytic biomineralization from urine drainage systems. Biomineral samples were obtained from 11 California Department of Transportation public restrooms fitted with waterless, low-flow, or conventional urinals in 2019. Following high throughput 16S rRNA Illumina sequences processed using the DADA2 pipeline, the microbial diversity assessment of 169 biomineral and urine samples resulted in 3,869 reference sequences aggregated as 598 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Using PERMANOVA testing, we found strong, significant differences between biomineral samples grouped by intrasystem sampling location and urinal type. Biomineral microbial community profiles and alpha diversities differed significantly when controlling for sampling season. Observational statistics revealed that biomineral samples obtained from waterless urinals contained the largest ureC/16S gene copy ratios and were the least diverse urinal type in terms of Shannon indices. Waterless urinal biomineral samples were largely dominated by the Bacilli class (86.1%) compared to low-flow (41.3%) and conventional samples (20.5%), and had the fewest genera that account for less than 2.5% relative abundance per OTU. Our findings are useful for future microbial ecology studies of urine source-separation technologies, as we have established a comparative basis using a large sample size and study area.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXi Guo, Abhineet Gupta, Anand Sampat, Chengwei Zhai
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
by Xi Guo, Abhineet Gupta, Anand Sampat, Chengwei Zhai
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically shifted the way people work. While many businesses can operate remotely, a large number of jobs can only be performed on-site. Moreover as businesses create plans for bringing workers back on-site, they are in need of tools to assess the risk of COVID-19 for their employees in the workplaces. This study aims to fill the gap in risk modeling of COVID-19 outbreaks in facilities like offices and warehouses. We propose a simulation-based stochastic contact network model to assess the cumulative incidence in workplaces. First-generation cases are introduced as a Bernoulli random variable using the local daily new case rate as the success rate. Contact networks are established through randomly sampled daily contacts for each of the first-generation cases and successful transmissions are established based on a randomized secondary attack rate (SAR). Modification factors are provided for SAR based on changes in airflow, speaking volume, and speaking activity within a facility. Control measures such as mask wearing are incorporated through modifications in SAR. We validated the model by comparing the distribution of cumulative incidence in model simulations against real-world outbreaks in workplaces and nursing homes. The comparisons support the model’s validity for estimating cumulative incidences for short forecasting periods of up to 15 days. We believe that the current study presents an effective tool for providing short-term forecasts of COVID-19 cases for workplaces and for quantifying the effectiveness of various control measures. The open source model code is made available at github.com/abhineetgupta/covid-workplace-risk.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristian Karagiannidis, Corinna Hentschker, Michael Westhoff, Steffen Weber-Carstens, Uwe Janssens, Stefan Kluge, Michael Pfeifer, Claudia Spies, Tobias Welte, Rolf Rossaint, Carina Mostert, Wolfram Windisch
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
by Christian Karagiannidis, Corinna Hentschker, Michael Westhoff, Steffen Weber-Carstens, Uwe Janssens, Stefan Kluge, Michael Pfeifer, Claudia Spies, Tobias Welte, Rolf Rossaint, Carina Mostert, Wolfram Windisch
Background The role of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in severe COVID-19 remains a matter of debate. Therefore, the utilization and outcome of NIV in COVID-19 in an unbiased cohort was determined. Aim The aim was to provide a detailed account of hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring non-invasive ventilation during their hospital stay. Furthermore, differences of patients treated with NIV between the first and second wave are explored. Methods Confirmed COVID-19 cases of claims data of the Local Health Care Funds with non-invasive and/or invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) in the spring and autumn pandemic period in 2020 were comparable analysed. Results Nationwide cohort of 17.023 cases (median/IQR age 71/61–80 years, 64% male) 7235 (42.5%) patients primarily received IMV without NIV, 4469 (26.3%) patients received NIV without subsequent intubation, and 3472 (20.4%) patients had NIV failure (NIV-F), defined by subsequent endotracheal intubation. The proportion of patients who received invasive MV decreased from 75% to 37% during the second period. Accordingly, the proportion of patients with NIV exclusively increased from 9% to 30%, and those failing NIV increased from 9% to 23%. Median length of hospital stay decreased from 26 to 21 days, and duration of MV decreased from 11.9 to 7.3 days. The NIV failure rate decreased from 49% to 43%. Overall mortality increased from 51% versus 54%. Mortality was 44% with NIV-only, 54% with IMV and 66% with NIV-F with mortality rates steadily increasing from 62% in early NIV-F (day 1) to 72% in late NIV-F (>4 days). Conclusions Utilization of NIV rapidly increased during the autumn period, which was associated with a reduced duration of MV, but not with overall mortality. High NIV-F rates are associated with increased mortality, particularly in late NIV-F.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPengyu Chen, Jiayan Lang, Yilun Zhou, Alexandra Khlyustova, Zheyuan Zhang, Xiaojing Ma, Sophie Liu, Yifan Cheng, Rong Yang
Science Advances, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/2'>Volume 8, Issue 2</a>, January 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFilip Jansåker, Niels Frimodt-Møller, Xinjun Li, Kristina Sundquist
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Nick Andrews, Julia Stowe, Freja Kirsebom, Samuel Toffa, Ruchira Sachdeva, Charlotte Gower, Mary Ramsay, Jamie Lopez Bernal
Nature, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Nature Medicine, Published online: 14 January 2022; doi:10.1038/d41591-022-00013-3Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 booster vaccine against covid-19 related symptoms and hospitalization in England
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYu Gao, Curtis Cai, Alba Grifoni, Thomas R. Müller, Julia Niessl, Anna Olofsson, Marion Humbert, Lotta Hansson, Anders Österborg, Peter Bergman, Puran Chen, Annika Olsson, Johan K. Sandberg, Daniela Weiskopf, David A. Price, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Annika C. Karlsson, Alessandro Sette, Soo Aleman, Marcus Buggert
Nature, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Nature Medicine, Published online: 14 January 2022; doi:10.1038/d41591-022-00017-zAncestral SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells cross-recognize Omicron
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClare Watson
Nature, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Nature Medicine, Published online: 14 January 2022; doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01654-6Medical discoveries have been shared at an unprecedented pace during the COVID-19 pandemic, but so have fraudulent studies, which has led to worries about scientific integrity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEngi F. Attia, Joel D. Kaufman, Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 205, Issue 2, Page 142-144, January 15, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMax O’Donnell, Barun Mathema
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 205, Issue 2, Page 149-151, January 15, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSuzanne M. Simkovich, Lindsay J. Underhill, Miles A. Kirby, Mary E. Crocker, Dina Goodman, John P. McCracken, Lisa M. Thompson, Anaité Diaz-Artiga, Adly Castañaza-Gonzalez, Sarada S. Garg, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Gurusamy Thangavel, Ghislaine Rosa, Jennifer L. Peel, Thomas F. Clasen, Eric D. McCollum, William Checkley
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 205, Issue 2, Page 183-197, January 15, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSachin R. Atre, Jayshri D. Jagtap, Mujtaba I. Faqih, Yogita K. Dumbare, Trupti U. Sawant, Sunil L. Ambike, Jitendra S. Bhawalkar, Sandeep K. Bharaswadkar, Padmaja K. Jogewar, Ramji S. Adkekar, Balasaheb P. Hodgar, Vaishali Jadhav, Nitin D. Mokashi, Jonathan E. Golub, Avika Dixit, Maha R. Farhat
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 205, Issue 2, Page 233-241, January 15, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDekel Stavi, Alberto Goffi, Mufid Al Shalabi, Thomas Piraino, Lu Chen, Robert Jackson, Laurent Brochard
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 205, Issue 2, Page 245-247, January 15, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedErika R. O’Neil, Huiming Lin, Amir A. Shamshirsaz, Emily E. Naoum, Peter R. Rycus, Peta M. A. Alexander, Jamel P. Ortoleva, Meng Li, Marc M. Anders
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 205, Issue 2, Page 248-250, January 15, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmit Jain
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 205, Issue 2, Page 254-256, January 15, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuillaume Dumas, Natacha Kapandji, Elie Azoulay, Jean-Michel Constantin
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 205, Issue 2, Page 256-257, January 15, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChris Kenyon
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Ida Johanne B. Møller, Amalie R. Utke, Ulla K. Rysgaard, Lars J. Østergaard, Sanne Jespersen
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Yibeltal Akelew, Myrthe Pareyn, Mulualem Lemma, Markos Negash, Gezahegn Bewket, Agegnehu Derbew, Gizeaddis Belay, Julia Pollmann, Wim Adriaensen, Marjan Peeters, Sien Ombelet, Aynishet Adane, Rezika Mohammed, Johan van Griensven, Lieselotte Cnops
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Hanyan Meng, Jianhua Mao, Qing Ye
Journal of Medical Virology, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Jean-Claude Tardif, Mariève Cossette, Marie-Claude Guertin, Nadia Bouabdallaoui, Marie-Pierre Dubé, Guy Boivin, Colcorona study group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 13.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Or Kriger, Shiraz Gefen-Halevi, Eyal Leshem, Gillian Smollan, Natasha Belausov, Aseel Egbarye, Rawan Khashab, Miran Odeh, Adleen Saffia, Yuval Barak, Oswa Abu Hussein, Rachel Hamias, Yael Aharon, Jacqueline Alfandari, Ital Nemet, Limor Kliker, Hilda Sherbany, Michal Mandelboim, Sharon Amit
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 13.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Jordi Manders, Theresa Leow, Koen van Aerde, Myrthe Hol, Dirk Kunst, Sjoert Pegge, Thijs Jansen, Jakko van Ingen, Stijn Bekkers
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 13.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Malaria Journal, 14.01.2022
Tilføjet 14.01.2022
Abstract
Background
Malaria control requires local action. Assessing the vector diversity and abundance provides information on the local malariogenic potential or risk of transmission. This study aimed to determine the Anopheles species composition, habitats, seasonal occurrence, and distribution in areas with autochthonous and imported malaria cases in Roraima State.
Methods
A longitudinal study was conducted from January 2017 to October 2018, sampling larvae and adult mosquitoes in three municipalities of Roraima State: Boa Vista, Pacaraima and São João da Baliza. These areas have different risks of malaria importation. Four to six mosquito larval habitats were selected for larval sampling at each municipality, along with two additional sites for adult mosquito collection. All larval habitats were surveyed every two months using a standardized larval sampling methodology and MosqTent for adult mosquitoes.
Results
A total of 544 Anopheles larvae and 1488 adult mosquitoes were collected from the three municipalities studied. Although the species abundance differed between municipalities, the larvae of Anopheles albitarsis s.l., Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles triannulatus s.l. were collected from all larval habitats studied while Anopheles darlingi were collected only from Boa Vista and São João da Baliza. Adults of 11 species of the genus Anopheles were collected, and the predominant species in Boa Vista was An. albitarsis (88.2%) followed by An. darlingi (6.9%), while in São João da Baliza, An. darlingi (85.6%) was the most predominant species followed by An. albitarsis s.l. (9.2%). In contrast, the most abundant species in Pacaraima was Anopheles braziliensis (62%), followed by Anopheles peryassui (18%). Overall, the majority of anophelines exhibited greater extradomicile than peridomicile-biting preference. Anopheles darlingi was the only species found indoors. Variability in biting times was observed among species and municipalities.
Conclusion
This study revealed the composition of anopheline species and habitats in Boa Vista, Pacaraima and São João da Baliza. The species sampled differed in their behaviour with only An. darlingi being found indoors. Anopheles darlingi appeared to be the most important vector in São João da Baliza, an area of autochthonous malaria, and An. albitarsis s.l. and An. braziliensis in areas of low transmission, although there were increasing reports of imported malaria. Understanding the diversity of vector species and their ecology is essential for designing effective vector control strategies for these municipalities.
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