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Paul Feuerstadt, Thomas J. Louie, Bret Lashner, Elaine E.L. Wang, Liyang Diao, Jessica A. Bryant, Matthew Sims, Colleen S. Kraft, Stuart H. Cohen, Charles S. Berenson, Louis Y. Korman, Christopher B. Ford, Kevin D. Litcofsky, Mary-Jane Lombardo, Jennifer R. Wortman, Henry Wu, John G. Auniņš, Christopher W.J. McChalicher, Jonathan A. Winkler, Barbara H. McGovern, Michele Trucksis, Matthew R. Henn, Lisa von Moltke
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 386, Issue 3, Page 220-229, January 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Harvey V. Fineberg, Stephen Morrissey
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Hiam Chemaitelly, Roberto Bertollini
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Yura K. Ko, Yuki Furuse, Kota Ninomiya, Kanako Otani, Hiroki Akaba, Reiko Miyahara, Tadatsugu Imamura, Takeaki Imamura, Alex R. Cook, Mayuko Saito, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Epidemiological findings on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have accumulated at an unprecedented rate. A key finding is the heterogeneity in the number of secondary transmissions, which is often characterized as overdispersion. Super-spreading events are essential factors contributing to the sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Endo et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020) similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (Leo et al., 2003) and other infectious diseases (Kucharski and Althaus, 2015; Lau et al., 2017; Wong et al., 2015).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedS. Nsanzimana, G. Rwibasira, S.S. Malamba, G. Musengimana, E. Kayirangwa, S. Jonnalagadda, E. Fazito, J. Eaton, V. Mugisha, E. Remera, M. Semakula, A. Mulindabigwi, FJ. Omolo, L. Wiesner, C. Moore, H. Patel, J. Justman
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Ibrahim Khairul‐Anwar, Shahidan Wan‐Nazatul‐Shima, Zainuddin Siti‐Lailatul‐Akmar, Ab Hamid Siti‐Azrin, Embong Zunaina
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Joara Raiza Fontes Barros Bomfim, Carolina Orge Anunciação Bacelar, Marinho Marques da Silva Neto, Cristina Salles, Ana Marice Teixeira Ladeia, Mara Renata Rissatto‐Lago
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Mengxia Ye, Shuo Li, Ping Luo, Xuan Tang, Quan Gong, Bing Mei
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Zhong‐hua Wang, Bing‐qi Fu, Ying‐wen Lin, Xue‐biao Wei, Heng Geng, Wei‐xin Guo, Hui‐qing Yuan, You‐wan Liao, Tie‐he Qin, Fei Li, Shou‐hong Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Fabian Y S Kong, Jane S Hocking
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Henry J C de Vries and colleagues1 report exciting results from their New AntiBiotic treatment Options for uncomplicated GOnorrhea (NABOGO) randomised controlled trial. This non-inferiority trial examined the efficacy of single doses of ertapenem 1 g (intramuscularly), gentamicin 5 mg/kg (max 400 mg, intramuscularly) or fosfomycin 6 g (oral solution) compared with ceftriaxone 500 mg (intramuscularly) for the treatment of uncomplicated anogenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHenry J C de Vries, Myrthe de Laat, Vita W Jongen, Titia Heijman, Carolien M Wind, Anders Boyd, Jolinda de Korne-Elenbaas, Alje P van Dam, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, NABOGO steering group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Single-dose 1000 mg ertapenem is non-inferior to single-dose 500 mg ceftriaxone in gonorrhoea treatment. Yet, 5 mg/kg gentamicin (maximum 400 mg) is not non-inferior to ceftriaxone. Ertapenem is a potential effective alternative for anogenital N gonorrhoeae infections and merits evaluation for ceftriaxone-resistant infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMathias W Pletz, Stefan Hagel, Sebastian Weis
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Many studies on severe infections use in-hospital mortality, 14-day mortality, or 30-day mortality, as classic endpoints. However, in the era of high-performance intensive care, these endpoints no longer seem appropriate. Modern intensive-care medicine has massively reduced early mortality in patients with sepsis.1 Although this reduction is gratifying, it should not obscure the fact that these patients are still far from being healed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEvelina Tacconelli, Siri Göpel, Beryl P Gladstone, Simone Eisenbeis, Florian Hölzl, Michael Buhl, Anna Górska, Chiara Cattaneo, Alexander Mischnik, Siegbert Rieg, Anna M Rohde, Britta Kohlmorgen, Jane Falgenhauer, Janina Trauth, Nadja Käding, Evelyn Kramme, Lena M Biehl, Sarah V Walker, Silke Peter, Petra Gastmeier, Trinad Chakraborty, Maria JGT Vehreschild, Harald Seifert, Jan Rupp, Winfried V Kern, DZIF BLOOMY study group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
The BLOOMY scores showed good discrimination and predictive values and could support the development of protocols to manage bloodstream infections and also help to estimate the short-term and long-term burdens of bloodstream infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHelio S. Sader, Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, Rodrigo E. Mendes, Mariana Castanheira
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Elisa Rubio, Andrea Vergara, Fátima Aziz, Sofía Narváez, Genoveva Cuesta, María Hernández, David Toapanta, Francesc Marco, Javier Fernández, Alex Soriano, Jordi Vila, Climent Casals-Pascual
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
To investigate if the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota determines the risk of multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) acquisition, infection and mortality in patients admitted to a liver intensive care unit (ICU).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOllier Quentin, Pillet Sylvie, Mory Olivier, Gagnaire Julie, Thuiller Charlotte, Annino Nadine, Gagneux-Brunon Amandine, Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth, Bourlet Thomas, Pozzetto Bruno, Cantais Aymeric
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
This study aimed at evaluating the immunochromatographic COVID19Speed-Antigen Test (BioSpeedia, France) as antigen point-of-care test (AgPOCT) to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in the paediatric emergency department of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmily R. Ebel, Lawrence H. Uricchio, Dmitri A. Petrov, Elizabeth S. Egan
Trends in Parasitology, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
The malaria hypothesis predicts local, balancing selection of deleterious alleles that confer strong protection from malaria. Three protective variants, recently discovered in red cell genes, are indeed more common in African than European populations. Still, up to 89% of the heritability of severe malaria is attributed to many genome-wide loci with individually small effects. Recent analyses of hundreds of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans suggest that most functional, polygenic variation is pleiotropic for multiple traits.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Abstract
Setting
It is estimated that 25% of the world’s population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that 463 million people are living with diabetes mellitus (DM), a number that is increasing. Patients with DM have three times the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and there is significant interaction between DM and TB, suggesting that DM affects not only risk of TB but also TB presentation, treatment response and outcome.
Objective
The aim was determining the prevalence of DM among TB patients in Denmark and to assess risk factors.
Design
Patient files from all notified TB cases in Denmark from 2009 to 2014 were retrospectively assessed.
Results
In total, 1912 patients were included and 5.0% had DM. Patients with DM were older, had more comorbidities, came from outside Denmark, and had a higher mortality compared to non-DM-patients. None of the patients from Greenland had DM. Patients with low socio-economic status had a low prevalence of DM. We found a higher prevalence of DM among Danish-born < 54 year and migrant ≥ 75 year compared to a Danish background population.
Conclusion
We found a higher prevalence of DM among TB patients with known risk factors, and a surprisingly low prevalence among patients with low socioeconomic status and patients from Greenland.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Abstract
Background
Sepsis is an inflammatory response caused by infection with pathogenic microorganisms. The body shock caused by it is called septic shock. In view of this, we aimed to identify potential diagnostic gene biomarkers of the disease.
Material and methods
Firstly, mRNAs expression data sets of septic shock were retrieved and downloaded from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database for differential expression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis was then used to identify the biological function of DEmRNAs (differentially expressed mRNAs). Machine learning analysis was used to determine the diagnostic gene biomarkers for septic shock. Thirdly, RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) verification was performed. Lastly, GSE65682 data set was utilized to further perform diagnostic and prognostic analysis of identified superlative diagnostic gene biomarkers.
Results
A total of 843 DEmRNAs, including 458 up-regulated and 385 down-regulated DEmRNAs were obtained in septic shock. 15 superlative diagnostic gene biomarkers (such as RAB13, KIF1B, CLEC5A, FCER1A, CACNA2D3, DUSP3, HMGN3, MGST1 and ARHGEF18) for septic shock were identified by machine learning analysis. RF (random forests), SVM (support vector machine) and DT (decision tree) models were used to construct classification models. The accuracy of the DT, SVM and RF models were very high. Interestingly, the RF model had the highest accuracy. It is worth mentioning that ARHGEF18 and FCER1A were related to survival. CACNA2D3 and DUSP3 participated in MAPK signaling pathway to regulate septic shock.
Conclusion
Identified diagnostic gene biomarkers may be helpful in the diagnosis and therapy of patients with septic shock.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Abstract
Background
To compare differences in the probability of COVID-19-related death between native Italians and immigrants hospitalised with COVID-19.
Methods
This retrospective study of prospectively collected data was conducted at the ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan, Italy, between 21 February and 31 November 2020. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the impact of the patients' origin on the probability of COVID-19-related death.
Results
The study population consisted of 1,179 COVID-19 patients: 921 Italians (78.1%) and 258 immigrants (21.9%) who came from Latin America (99, 38%), Asia (72, 28%), Africa (50, 19%) and central/eastern Europe (37, 14%). The Italians were significantly older than the immigrants (median age 70 years, interquartile range (IQR) 58–79 vs 51 years, IQR 41–60; p < 0.001), and more frequently had one or more co-morbidities (79.1% vs 53.9%; p < 0.001). Mortality was significantly greater among the Italians than the immigrants as a whole (26.6% vs 12.8%; p < 0.001), and significantly greater among the immigrants from Latin America than among those from Asia, Africa or central/eastern Europe (21% vs 8%, 6% and 8%; p = 0.016). Univariable analysis showed that the risk of COVID-19-related death was lower among the immigrants (hazard ratio [HR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.63; p < 0.0001], but the risk of Latin American immigrants did not significantly differ from that of the Italians (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.47–1.15; p = 0.183). However, after adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable analysis showed that there was no difference in the risk of death between the immigrants and the Italians (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.04, 95% CI 0.70–1.55; p = 0.831), but being of Latin American origin was independently associated with an increased risk of death (aHR 1.95, 95% CI 1.17–3.23; p = 0.010).
Conclusions
Mortality was lower among the immigrants hospitalised with COVID-19 than among their Italian counterparts, but this difference disappeared after adjusting for confounders. However, the increased risk of death among immigrants of Latin American origin suggests that COVID-19 information and prevention initiatives need to be strengthened in this sub-population.
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Luca Gallo, Mattia Frasca, Vito Latora, Giovanni Russo
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPengfei Li, Yunlong Li, Yijin Wang, Jiaye Liu, Marla Lavrijsen, Yang Li, Ruyi Zhang, Monique M. A. Verstegen, Yining Wang, Tian-Cheng Li, Zhongren Ma, Denis E. Kainov, Marco J. Bruno, Robert A. de Man, Luc J. W. van der Laan, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Qiuwei Pan
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRobert M. O’Dea, Paula A. Pranda, Yuqing Luo, Alice Amitrano, Elvis O. Ebikade, Eric R. Gottlieb, Olumoye Ajao, Marzouk Benali, Dionisios G. Vlachos, Marianthi Ierapetritou, Thomas H. Epps
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJun Liu, Patrick Budylowski, Reuben Samson, Bryan D. Griffin, Giorgi Babuadze, Bhavisha Rathod, Karen Colwill, Jumai A. Abioye, Jordan A. Schwartz, Ryan Law, Lily Yip, Sang Kyun Ahn, Serena Chau, Maedeh Naghibosadat, Yuko Arita, Queenie Hu, Feng Yun Yue, Arinjay Banerjee, W. Rod Hardy, Karen Mossman, Samira Mubareka, Robert A. Kozak, Michael S. Pollanen, Natalia Martin Orozco, Anne-Claude Gingras, Eric G. Marcusson, Mario A. Ostrowski
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLuiza Mamigonian Bessa, Serafima Guseva, Aldo R. Camacho-Zarco, Nicola Salvi, Damien Maurin, Laura Mariño Perez, Maiia Botova, Anas Malki, Max Nanao, Malene Ringkjøbing Jensen, Rob W. H. Ruigrok, Martin Blackledge
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQianyi Chen, Shilin Xia, Hua Sui, Xueying Shi, Bingqian Huang, Tingxin Wang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Qianyi Chen, Shilin Xia, Hua Sui, Xueying Shi, Bingqian Huang, Tingxin Wang
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in late 2019, was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and COVID-19 are reported to be common. This study aimed to determine the potential role of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common in IPF and COVID-19. Materials and methods Based on GEO database, we obtained DEGs from one SARS-CoV-2 dataset and five IPF datasets. A series of enrichment analysis were performed to identify the function of upregulated and downregulated DEGs, respectively. Two plugins in Cytoscape, Cytohubba and MCODE, were utilized to identify hub genes after a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, candidate drugs were predicted to target the upregulated DEGs. Results A total of 188 DEGs were found between COVID-19 and IPF, out of which 117 were upregulated and 71 were downregulated. The upregulated DEGs were involved in cytokine function, while downregulated DEGs were associated with extracellular matrix disassembly. Twenty-two hub genes were upregulated in COVID-19 and IPF, for which 155 candidate drugs were predicted (adj.P.value < 0.01). Conclusion Identifying the hub genes aberrantly regulated in both COVID-19 and IPF may enable development of molecules, encoded by those genes, as therapeutic targets for preventing IPF progression and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFabia Morales-Vives, Jorge-Manuel Dueñas, Pere J. Ferrando, Andreu Vigil-Colet, Maria Dolores Varea
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Fabia Morales-Vives, Jorge-Manuel Dueñas, Pere J. Ferrando, Andreu Vigil-Colet, Maria Dolores Varea
Several studies in different countries have reported that part of the population does not fully comply with the measures recommended to prevent COVID-19, and therefore poses a risk to public health. For this reason, several measures have been developed to assess the level of compliance, although many of them have methodological limitations or do not include a comprehensive set of items. The main goal of the current study was to develop a new instrument with suitable psychometric properties, which includes a more complete set of items and controls the impact of acquiescence bias. The participants were 1410 individuals (59.2% women) from Spain, who answered the new questionnaire and several items on sociodemographic and attitudinal issues. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out, and the results suggested that only one content factor was underlying the data. This solution was replicated in a different subsample, which shows the stability of the solution. Furthermore, the relationships between the scores of the new questionnaire and the sociodemographic and attitudinal variables are similar to those obtained in previous studies, which can be regarded as evidence of the validity of the new questionnaire.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEliza T. Lupenza, Dinah B. Gasarasi, Omary M. Minzi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Eliza T. Lupenza, Dinah B. Gasarasi, Omary M. Minzi
Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) affects more than 120 million people globally. In Tanzania, nearly six million people are estimated to live with clinical manifestations of the disease. The National LF control program was established in 2000 using Mass drug administration (MDA) of Ivermectin and Albendazole to individuals aged 5years and above. This study assessed the infection status in individuals aged 15 years and above who are eligible for participation in MDA. The level of compliance to MDA and the reasons for non-compliance to MDA were also assessed. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in two villages of Masasi District. A total of 590 participants aged 15 years and above were screened for the circulating filarial antigen (CFA) using the rapid diagnostic test. Night blood samples from CFA positive individuals were further analyzed for detection and quantification of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria (Mf) using the counting chamber technique. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to collect information on compliance to MDA and the factors affecting continued transmission. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of CFA by gender and village where a P-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 590 participants, 30 (5.1%) were positive for CFA and one (0.2%) was found positive for microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti. Compliance during the last round of MDA, in the year 2019 was 56% which is below the minimum coverage recommended by WHO. Absence from home during MDA and perceptions of being free from hydrocele or elephantiasis were the major reasons for non-compliance. Conclusion There is a significant decline in LF transmission in Masasi District after seven rounds of MDA. However, the presence of individuals who are persistently non-compliant may delay elimination of LF in the District.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBianbin Qi, Kuo Zhang, Sijun Qin, Deguo Lyu, Jiali He
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Bianbin Qi, Kuo Zhang, Sijun Qin, Deguo Lyu, Jiali He
The interaction between plant, soil and microorganism plays a crucial role in sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem function and diversity. However, little information is known about how plant growth, soil organic carbon (C) fractions and microorganism respond to exogenous C addition in soils with low organic C content. Three levels of 13C-glucose (equal to 0, 100% and 500% of initial microbial biomass C) were added to non-sterilized (corresponding to treatment abbreviation of CK, Glu-1, Glu-2, respectively) and sterilized soils (corresponding to treatment abbreviation of SS, SS+Glu-1, SS+Glu-2, respectively) planted with apple rootstock (Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.) seedings. The objectives of this study were to analyse the dynamics of soil organic C (SOC) fractions and soil bacterial community diversity with glucose levels and soil sterilization, and to explore the morphology of roots and nitrogen (N) metabolism by plant after glucose addition to sterilized/non-sterilized soils. Results showed that the contents of labile organic C fractions were significantly varied (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPadmavati G. Gore, Veena Gupta, Rakesh Singh, Kuldeep Tripathi, Ramesh Kumar, Gita Kumari, Latha Madhavan, Harsh Kumar Dikshit, Kamala Venkateswaran, Anjula Pandey, Neeta Singh, Kangila V. Bhat, Ramakrishnan M. Nair, Aditya Pratap
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Padmavati G. Gore, Veena Gupta, Rakesh Singh, Kuldeep Tripathi, Ramesh Kumar, Gita Kumari, Latha Madhavan, Harsh Kumar Dikshit, Kamala Venkateswaran, Anjula Pandey, Neeta Singh, Kangila V. Bhat, Ramakrishnan M. Nair, Aditya Pratap
Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz., commonly known as Minni payaru is an underutilized legume species and has a great potential to be utilized as food crop. To evaluate and select the best germplasm to be harnessed in the breeding programme, we assessed the genetic diversity of V. stipulacea (94 accessions) conserved in the Indian National Genebank, based on morphological traits and microsatellite markers. Significant variation was recorded for the morphological traits studied. Euclidean distance using UPGMA method grouped all accessions into two major clusters. Accessions were identified for key agronomic traits such as, early flowering (IC331436, IC251436, IC331437); long peduncle length (IC553518, IC550531, IC553557, IC553540, IC550532, IC553564); and more number of seeds per pod (IC553529, IC622865, IC622867, IC553528). To analyse the genetic diversity among the germplasm 33 SSR primers were used anda total of 116 alleles were detected. The number of alleles varied from two to seven, with an average of 3.52 per loci. The polymorphic information content values varied from 0.20 to 0.74, with a mean of 0.40. The high number of alleles per locus and the allelic diversity in the studied germplasm indicated a relatively wider genetic base of V. stipulacea. Phylogenetic analysis clustered accessions into seven clades. Population structure analysis grouped them into five genetic groups, which were partly supported by PCoA and phylogenetic tree. Besides, PCoA and AMOVA also decoded high genetic diversity among the V. stipulacea accessions. Thus, morphological and microsatellite markers distinguished V. stipulacea accessions and assessed their genetic diversity efficiently. The identified promising accessions can be utilized in Vigna improvement programme through introgression breeding and/or can be used for domestication and enhanced utilization of V. stipulacea.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWondmagegn Tamiru Tadesse, Birhanemeskel T. Adankie, Workineh Shibeshi, Wondwossen Amogne, Eleni Aklillu, Ephrem Engidawork
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Wondmagegn Tamiru Tadesse, Birhanemeskel T. Adankie, Workineh Shibeshi, Wondwossen Amogne, Eleni Aklillu, Ephrem Engidawork
Objective We investigated prevalence and predictors of glucose metabolism disorders (GMDs) among People Living with HIV (PLWH) on efavirenz- and atazanavir/ritonavir-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods This cross-sectional study involved adult PLWH on efavirenz- (n = 240) and atazanavir/ritonavir-based (n = 111) cART. The prevalence of GMDs was determined by fasting serum glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment. A logistic regression model was used to determine predictors. Results The overall prevalence of GMDs for all regimens was 27.6% (97/351) [95% CI 23.0–32.6%] s, with 31.1% (75/240) [95% CI 25.4–37.5%] for efavirenz-based and 19.8% (22/111) [95% CI 12.9–28.5%)] for atazanavir/ritonavir-based cART group. The prevalence of impaired fasting glycemia was significantly higher (p = 0.026) in the efavirenz- [(15.4%) (37/240); 95%CI (11.1–20.6%)] than atazanavir/ritonavir-based [(7.2%) (8/111), (95%CI (3.2–13.7%)] cART. However, no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance between the two regimens. Age ≥46 years old and specific type of ARV contained in cART, such as TDF, were independent predictors of GMD in both groups. Whereas the male gender and BMI category were predictors of GMDs among EFV-based cART group, AZT- and ABC- containing regimens and triglyceride levels were predictors in the ATV/r-based group. Conclusions GMDs were highly prevalent among adults on EFV- than ATV/r-based cARTs. Age ≥46 years and TDF-containing cARTs are common predictors in both regimens. Close monitoring for impaired fasting glucose during long-term EFV-based cART is recommended for early diagnosis of type-2 diabetes and management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKarl R. Franke, Robert Isett, Alan Robbins, Carrie Paquette-Straub, Craig A. Shapiro, Mary M. Lee, Erin L. Crowgey
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Karl R. Franke, Robert Isett, Alan Robbins, Carrie Paquette-Straub, Craig A. Shapiro, Mary M. Lee, Erin L. Crowgey
The use of next generation sequencing is critical for the surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, transmission, as single base mutations have been identified with differences in infectivity. A total of 1,459 high quality samples were collected, sequenced, and analyzed in the state of Delaware, a location that offers a unique perspective on transmission given its proximity to large international airports on the east coast. Pangolin and Nextclade were used to classify these sequences into 16 unique clades and 88 lineages. A total of 411 samples belonging to the Alpha 20I/501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) strain of concern were identified, as well as one sample belonging to Beta 20H/501.V2 (B.1.351), thirteen belonging to Epsilon 20C/S:452R (B.1.427/B.1.429), two belonging to Delta 20A/S:478K (B.1.617.2), and 15 belonging to Gamma 20J/501Y.V3 (p.1). A total of 2217 unique coding mutations were observed with an average of 17.7 coding mutations per genome. These data paired with continued sample collection and sequencing will give a deeper understanding of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 strains within Delaware and its surrounding areas.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStephanie Daley, Nicolas Farina, Laura Hughes, Elise Armsby, Nazire Akarsu, Joanna Pooley, Georgia Towson, Yvonne Feeney, Naji Tabet, Bethany Fine, Sube Banerjee
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Stephanie Daley, Nicolas Farina, Laura Hughes, Elise Armsby, Nazire Akarsu, Joanna Pooley, Georgia Towson, Yvonne Feeney, Naji Tabet, Bethany Fine, Sube Banerjee
Introduction COVID-19 has placed unprecedented pressure on dementia health and social care systems worldwide. This has resulted in reduced services and support for people with dementia and their family carers. There are gaps in the evidence on the impact of the pandemic on Quality of Life (QoL). We carried out a study on the impact of the pandemic on the QoL of a group of people with dementia and their family carers who were part of a larger existing cohort study. Methods We quantitatively measured QoL, on two occasions during the two national lockdowns in 2020 and compared these data with those obtained when they entered the study (before the pandemic). Measures used included: DEMQOL-Proxy, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and C-DEMQOL. To understand how QoL changed over time, a repeated measures ANOVA was run for each dependent variable with the following variables entered as co-variates: duration in study, baseline dementia severity, gender of the family carer, gender of the person with dementia, family carer relationship, dementia type, living status, age of the person with dementia, and age of the family carer. Results 248 participants took part in the study. QoL scores did not significantly decline between either time period for the person with dementia or their family carer. There was variation in subgroups; with co-resident status, carer relationship, gender of the person with dementia, age of the person with dementia, and baseline cognitive status influencing QoL outcomes in family carers. Discussion It is striking that people with dementia and their carers did not report a decline in QoL during the pandemic or in the months following restrictions suggesting the possibility of resilience. Variation in subgroups suggests that specific groups of family carers were more vulnerable to lower QoL; indicating the need for more tailored, nuanced support during this period.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXuan Cai, Rongrong Liao, Guo Chen, Yonghong Lu, Yiqun Zhao, Yi Chen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Xuan Cai, Rongrong Liao, Guo Chen, Yonghong Lu, Yiqun Zhao, Yi Chen
Food processing methods may influence the health of dogs. However, previous studies have mostly been based on a comparison of several commercial dog foods with different ingredients. In this study, eighteen adult beagles of the same age and health status (assessed by routine blood tests) were used in the experiments. This study analyzed the effects of the following different processing methods: raw, pasteurized, and high temperature sterilization (HTS) made with the same ingredients and nutrients (based on dry matter) on serum parameters, apparent total-tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in beagle dogs. The data showed, after a test lasting 56-days, the apparent digestibility (ATTD) of protein and fat in HTS food was 91.9%, which was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than that in dry food (89.2%, P < 0.05). The serum content of triglyceride increased in beagles fed HTS food (P < 0.05), and the number of neutrophils in beagles fed raw food and pasteurized food increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the platelet count in beagles fed raw food showed an increasing trend compared with the beagles fed HTS food. Different processing methods had an impact on the intestinal microbiota and SCFA of beagles; at least 14 genera were significantly affected by the food produced using different processing methods. In particular, the abundance of Allprevotella, Escherichia-Shigella and Turicibacter, and the total acid content were lower in beagles fed the raw diet, whereas Streptococcus, Collinsella, Bacteroides and Ruminococcus gnavus were more abundant following the HTS diet, and Lactococcus showed the highest abundance in beagles fed the pasteurized diet. This study showed that dog food produced by different processing methods affected the health of adult beagles.
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