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30 emner vises.
1
SER-109, an Oral Microbiome Therapy for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
Paul Feuerstadt, Thomas J. Louie, Bret Lashner, Elaine E.L. Wang, Liyang Diao, Jessica A. Bryant, Matthew Sims, Colleen S. Kraft, Stuart H. Cohen, Charles S. Berenson, Louis Y. Korman, Christopher B. Ford, Kevin D. Litcofsky, Mary-Jane Lombardo, Jennifer R. Wortman, Henry Wu, John G. Auniņš, Christopher W.J. McChalicher, Jonathan A. Winkler, Barbara H. McGovern, Michele Trucksis, Matthew R. Henn, Lisa von Moltke
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
2
Audio Interview: Crushing the Covid-19 Curve
Eric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Harvey V. Fineberg, Stephen Morrissey
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
3
Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Vaccines in Qatar
Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Hiam Chemaitelly, Roberto Bertollini
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
4
BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
5
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Vaccine Boosters after Ad26.COV2.S Priming
Roos S.G. Sablerolles, Wim J.R. Rietdijk, Abraham Goorhuis, Douwe F. Postma, Leo G. Visser, Daryl Geers, Katharina S. Schmitz, Hannah M. Garcia Garrido, Marion P.G. Koopmans, Virgil A.S.H. Dalm, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Anke L.W. Huckriede, Melvin Lafeber, Debbie van Baarle, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Rory D. de Vries, P. Hugo M. van der Kuy
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
6
Secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the first two waves in Japan: Demographic characteristics and overdispersion
Yura K. Ko, Yuki Furuse, Kota Ninomiya, Kanako Otani, Hiroki Akaba, Reiko Miyahara, Tadatsugu Imamura, Takeaki Imamura, Alex R. Cook, Mayuko Saito, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Epidemiological findings on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have accumulated at an unprecedented rate. A key finding is the heterogeneity in the number of secondary transmissions, which is often characterized as overdispersion. Super-spreading events are essential factors contributing to the sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Endo et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020) similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (Leo et al., 2003) and other infectious diseases (Kucharski and Althaus, 2015; Lau et al., 2017; Wong et al., 2015).
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7
HIV incidence and prevalence among adults aged 15-64 years in Rwanda: Results from the Rwanda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (RPHIA) and District-level Modeling, 2019
S. Nsanzimana, G. Rwibasira, S.S. Malamba, G. Musengimana, E. Kayirangwa, S. Jonnalagadda, E. Fazito, J. Eaton, V. Mugisha, E. Remera, M. Semakula, A. Mulindabigwi, FJ. Omolo, L. Wiesner, C. Moore, H. Patel, J. Justman
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
8
Evaluation of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in saliva among diabetic retinopathy patients in East Coast Malaysia
Ibrahim Khairul‐Anwar,
Shahidan Wan‐Nazatul‐Shima,
Zainuddin Siti‐Lailatul‐Akmar,
Ab Hamid Siti‐Azrin,
Embong Zunaina
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
9
Association between hearing impairment, school performance and cognitive function in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease
Joara Raiza Fontes Barros Bomfim,
Carolina Orge Anunciação Bacelar,
Marinho Marques da Silva Neto,
Cristina Salles,
Ana Marice Teixeira Ladeia,
Mara Renata Rissatto‐Lago
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
10
Genetic variation of E6, E7 and L1 genes of human papillomavirus 51 from Central China
Mengxia Ye, Shuo Li, Ping Luo, Xuan Tang, Quan Gong, Bing Mei
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
11
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width: a severity indicator in patients with COVID‐19
Zhong‐hua Wang, Bing‐qi Fu, Ying‐wen Lin, Xue‐biao Wei, Heng Geng, Wei‐xin Guo, Hui‐qing Yuan, You‐wan Liao, Tie‐he Qin, Fei Li, Shou‐hong Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
12
Treating pharyngeal gonorrhoea continues to remain a challenge
Fabian Y S Kong, Jane S Hocking
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Henry J C de Vries and colleagues1 report exciting results from their New AntiBiotic treatment Options for uncomplicated GOnorrhea (NABOGO) randomised controlled trial. This non-inferiority trial examined the efficacy of single doses of ertapenem 1 g (intramuscularly), gentamicin 5 mg/kg (max 400 mg, intramuscularly) or fosfomycin 6 g (oral solution) compared with ceftriaxone 500 mg (intramuscularly) for the treatment of uncomplicated anogenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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13
Efficacy of ertapenem, gentamicin, fosfomycin, and ceftriaxone for the treatment of anogenital gonorrhoea (NABOGO): a randomised, non-inferiority trial
Henry J C de Vries, Myrthe de Laat, Vita W Jongen, Titia Heijman, Carolien M Wind, Anders Boyd, Jolinda de Korne-Elenbaas, Alje P van Dam, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, NABOGO steering group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Single-dose 1000 mg ertapenem is non-inferior to single-dose 500 mg ceftriaxone in gonorrhoea treatment. Yet, 5 mg/kg gentamicin (maximum 400 mg) is not non-inferior to ceftriaxone. Ertapenem is a potential effective alternative for anogenital N gonorrhoeae infections and merits evaluation for ceftriaxone-resistant infections.
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14
In-hospital mortality of patients with severe bloodstream infection: only the tip of the iceberg
Mathias W Pletz, Stefan Hagel, Sebastian Weis
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Many studies on severe infections use in-hospital mortality, 14-day mortality, or 30-day mortality, as classic endpoints. However, in the era of high-performance intensive care, these endpoints no longer seem appropriate. Modern intensive-care medicine has massively reduced early mortality in patients with sepsis.1 Although this reduction is gratifying, it should not obscure the fact that these patients are still far from being healed.
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15
Development and validation of BLOOMY prediction scores for 14-day and 6-month mortality in hospitalised adults with bloodstream infections: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study
Evelina Tacconelli, Siri Göpel, Beryl P Gladstone, Simone Eisenbeis, Florian Hölzl, Michael Buhl, Anna Górska, Chiara Cattaneo, Alexander Mischnik, Siegbert Rieg, Anna M Rohde, Britta Kohlmorgen, Jane Falgenhauer, Janina Trauth, Nadja Käding, Evelyn Kramme, Lena M Biehl, Sarah V Walker, Silke Peter, Petra Gastmeier, Trinad Chakraborty, Maria JGT Vehreschild, Harald Seifert, Jan Rupp, Winfried V Kern, DZIF BLOOMY study group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
The BLOOMY scores showed good discrimination and predictive values and could support the development of protocols to manage bloodstream infections and also help to estimate the short-term and long-term burdens of bloodstream infections.
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16
Antimicrobial Activity of High-Dose Cefepime-tazobactam (WCK 4282) against a Large Collection of Gram-negative Organisms Collected Worldwide in 2018 and 2019
Helio S. Sader, Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, Rodrigo E. Mendes, Mariana Castanheira
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
17
Changes in the gut microbiota and risk of colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria, infection and death in critical care patients
Elisa Rubio, Andrea Vergara, Fátima Aziz, Sofía Narváez, Genoveva Cuesta, María Hernández, David Toapanta, Francesc Marco, Javier Fernández, Alex Soriano, Jordi Vila, Climent Casals-Pascual
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
To investigate if the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota determines the risk of multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) acquisition, infection and mortality in patients admitted to a liver intensive care unit (ICU).
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18
Prospective evaluation of the point-of-care use of a rapid antigenic SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic test in a pediatric emergency department
Ollier Quentin, Pillet Sylvie, Mory Olivier, Gagnaire Julie, Thuiller Charlotte, Annino Nadine, Gagneux-Brunon Amandine, Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth, Bourlet Thomas, Pozzetto Bruno, Cantais Aymeric
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
This study aimed at evaluating the immunochromatographic COVID19Speed-Antigen Test (BioSpeedia, France) as antigen point-of-care test (AgPOCT) to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in the paediatric emergency department of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.
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19
Revisiting the malaria hypothesis: accounting for polygenicity and pleiotropy
Emily R. Ebel, Lawrence H. Uricchio, Dmitri A. Petrov, Elizabeth S. Egan
Trends in Parasitology, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
The malaria hypothesis predicts local, balancing selection of deleterious alleles that confer strong protection from malaria. Three protective variants, recently discovered in red cell genes, are indeed more common in African than European populations. Still, up to 89% of the heritability of severe malaria is attributed to many genome-wide loci with individually small effects. Recent analyses of hundreds of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans suggest that most functional, polygenic variation is pleiotropic for multiple traits.
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20
The prevalence of diabetes among tuberculosis patients in Denmark
BMC Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Abstract
Setting
It is estimated that 25% of the world’s population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that 463 million people are living with diabetes mellitus (DM), a number that is increasing. Patients with DM have three times the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and there is significant interaction between DM and TB, suggesting that DM affects not only risk of TB but also TB presentation, treatment response and outcome.
Objective
The aim was determining the prevalence of DM among TB patients in Denmark and to assess risk factors.
Design
Patient files from all notified TB cases in Denmark from 2009 to 2014 were retrospectively assessed.
Results
In total, 1912 patients were included and 5.0% had DM. Patients with DM were older, had more comorbidities, came from outside Denmark, and had a higher mortality compared to non-DM-patients. None of the patients from Greenland had DM. Patients with low socio-economic status had a low prevalence of DM. We found a higher prevalence of DM among Danish-born < 54 year and migrant ≥ 75 year compared to a Danish background population.
Conclusion
We found a higher prevalence of DM among TB patients with known risk factors, and a surprisingly low prevalence among patients with low socioeconomic status and patients from Greenland.
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21
Revealing potential diagnostic gene biomarkers of septic shock based on machine learning analysis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Abstract
Background
Sepsis is an inflammatory response caused by infection with pathogenic microorganisms. The body shock caused by it is called septic shock. In view of this, we aimed to identify potential diagnostic gene biomarkers of the disease.
Material and methods
Firstly, mRNAs expression data sets of septic shock were retrieved and downloaded from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database for differential expression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis was then used to identify the biological function of DEmRNAs (differentially expressed mRNAs). Machine learning analysis was used to determine the diagnostic gene biomarkers for septic shock. Thirdly, RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) verification was performed. Lastly, GSE65682 data set was utilized to further perform diagnostic and prognostic analysis of identified superlative diagnostic gene biomarkers.
Results
A total of 843 DEmRNAs, including 458 up-regulated and 385 down-regulated DEmRNAs were obtained in septic shock. 15 superlative diagnostic gene biomarkers (such as RAB13, KIF1B, CLEC5A, FCER1A, CACNA2D3, DUSP3, HMGN3, MGST1 and ARHGEF18) for septic shock were identified by machine learning analysis. RF (random forests), SVM (support vector machine) and DT (decision tree) models were used to construct classification models. The accuracy of the DT, SVM and RF models were very high. Interestingly, the RF model had the highest accuracy. It is worth mentioning that ARHGEF18 and FCER1A were related to survival. CACNA2D3 and DUSP3 participated in MAPK signaling pathway to regulate septic shock.
Conclusion
Identified diagnostic gene biomarkers may be helpful in the diagnosis and therapy of patients with septic shock.
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22
Mortality among Italians and immigrants with COVID-19 hospitalised in Milan, Italy: data from the Luigi Sacco Hospital registry
BMC Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Abstract
Background
To compare differences in the probability of COVID-19-related death between native Italians and immigrants hospitalised with COVID-19.
Methods
This retrospective study of prospectively collected data was conducted at the ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan, Italy, between 21 February and 31 November 2020. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the impact of the patients' origin on the probability of COVID-19-related death.
Results
The study population consisted of 1,179 COVID-19 patients: 921 Italians (78.1%) and 258 immigrants (21.9%) who came from Latin America (99, 38%), Asia (72, 28%), Africa (50, 19%) and central/eastern Europe (37, 14%). The Italians were significantly older than the immigrants (median age 70 years, interquartile range (IQR) 58–79 vs 51 years, IQR 41–60; p < 0.001), and more frequently had one or more co-morbidities (79.1% vs 53.9%; p < 0.001). Mortality was significantly greater among the Italians than the immigrants as a whole (26.6% vs 12.8%; p < 0.001), and significantly greater among the immigrants from Latin America than among those from Asia, Africa or central/eastern Europe (21% vs 8%, 6% and 8%; p = 0.016). Univariable analysis showed that the risk of COVID-19-related death was lower among the immigrants (hazard ratio [HR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.63; p < 0.0001], but the risk of Latin American immigrants did not significantly differ from that of the Italians (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.47–1.15; p = 0.183). However, after adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable analysis showed that there was no difference in the risk of death between the immigrants and the Italians (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.04, 95% CI 0.70–1.55; p = 0.831), but being of Latin American origin was independently associated with an increased risk of death (aHR 1.95, 95% CI 1.17–3.23; p = 0.010).
Conclusions
Mortality was lower among the immigrants hospitalised with COVID-19 than among their Italian counterparts, but this difference disappeared after adjusting for confounders. However, the increased risk of death among immigrants of Latin American origin suggests that COVID-19 information and prevention initiatives need to be strengthened in this sub-population.
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23
Lack of practical identifiability may hamper reliable predictions in COVID-19 epidemic models
Luca Gallo, Mattia Frasca, Vito Latora, Giovanni Russo
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
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24
Recapitulating hepatitis E virus–host interactions and facilitating antiviral drug discovery in human liver–derived organoids
Pengfei Li, Yunlong Li, Yijin Wang, Jiaye Liu, Marla Lavrijsen, Yang Li, Ruyi Zhang, Monique M. A. Verstegen, Yining Wang, Tian-Cheng Li, Zhongren Ma, Denis E. Kainov, Marco J. Bruno, Robert A. de Man, Luc J. W. van der Laan, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Qiuwei Pan
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
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25
Ambient-pressure lignin valorization to high-performance polymers by intensified reductive catalytic deconstruction
Robert M. O’Dea, Paula A. Pranda, Yuqing Luo, Alice Amitrano, Elvis O. Ebikade, Eric R. Gottlieb, Olumoye Ajao, Marzouk Benali, Dionisios G. Vlachos, Marianthi Ierapetritou, Thomas H. Epps
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
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26
Preclinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B
Jun Liu, Patrick Budylowski, Reuben Samson, Bryan D. Griffin, Giorgi Babuadze, Bhavisha Rathod, Karen Colwill, Jumai A. Abioye, Jordan A. Schwartz, Ryan Law, Lily Yip, Sang Kyun Ahn, Serena Chau, Maedeh Naghibosadat, Yuko Arita, Queenie Hu, Feng Yun Yue, Arinjay Banerjee, W. Rod Hardy, Karen Mossman, Samira Mubareka, Robert A. Kozak, Michael S. Pollanen, Natalia Martin Orozco, Anne-Claude Gingras, Eric G. Marcusson, Mario A. Ostrowski
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
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27
The intrinsically disordered SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in dynamic complex with its viral partner nsp3a
Luiza Mamigonian Bessa, Serafima Guseva, Aldo R. Camacho-Zarco, Nicola Salvi, Damien Maurin, Laura Mariño Perez, Maiia Botova, Anas Malki, Max Nanao, Malene Ringkjøbing Jensen, Rob W. H. Ruigrok, Martin Blackledge
Science Advances, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/3'>Volume 8, Issue 3</a>, January 2022.
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28
Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Delaware reveals tremendous genomic diversity
Karl R. Franke, Robert Isett, Alan Robbins, Carrie Paquette-Straub, Craig A. Shapiro, Mary M. Lee, Erin L. Crowgey
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Karl R. Franke, Robert Isett, Alan Robbins, Carrie Paquette-Straub, Craig A. Shapiro, Mary M. Lee, Erin L. Crowgey
The use of next generation sequencing is critical for the surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, transmission, as single base mutations have been identified with differences in infectivity. A total of 1,459 high quality samples were collected, sequenced, and analyzed in the state of Delaware, a location that offers a unique perspective on transmission given its proximity to large international airports on the east coast. Pangolin and Nextclade were used to classify these sequences into 16 unique clades and 88 lineages. A total of 411 samples belonging to the Alpha 20I/501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) strain of concern were identified, as well as one sample belonging to Beta 20H/501.V2 (B.1.351), thirteen belonging to Epsilon 20C/S:452R (B.1.427/B.1.429), two belonging to Delta 20A/S:478K (B.1.617.2), and 15 belonging to Gamma 20J/501Y.V3 (p.1). A total of 2217 unique coding mutations were observed with an average of 17.7 coding mutations per genome. These data paired with continued sample collection and sequencing will give a deeper understanding of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 strains within Delaware and its surrounding areas.
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29
Covid-19 and the quality of life of people with dementia and their carers—The TFD-C19 study
Stephanie Daley, Nicolas Farina, Laura Hughes, Elise Armsby, Nazire Akarsu, Joanna Pooley, Georgia Towson, Yvonne Feeney, Naji Tabet, Bethany Fine, Sube Banerjee
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Stephanie Daley, Nicolas Farina, Laura Hughes, Elise Armsby, Nazire Akarsu, Joanna Pooley, Georgia Towson, Yvonne Feeney, Naji Tabet, Bethany Fine, Sube Banerjee
Introduction COVID-19 has placed unprecedented pressure on dementia health and social care systems worldwide. This has resulted in reduced services and support for people with dementia and their family carers. There are gaps in the evidence on the impact of the pandemic on Quality of Life (QoL). We carried out a study on the impact of the pandemic on the QoL of a group of people with dementia and their family carers who were part of a larger existing cohort study. Methods We quantitatively measured QoL, on two occasions during the two national lockdowns in 2020 and compared these data with those obtained when they entered the study (before the pandemic). Measures used included: DEMQOL-Proxy, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and C-DEMQOL. To understand how QoL changed over time, a repeated measures ANOVA was run for each dependent variable with the following variables entered as co-variates: duration in study, baseline dementia severity, gender of the family carer, gender of the person with dementia, family carer relationship, dementia type, living status, age of the person with dementia, and age of the family carer. Results 248 participants took part in the study. QoL scores did not significantly decline between either time period for the person with dementia or their family carer. There was variation in subgroups; with co-resident status, carer relationship, gender of the person with dementia, age of the person with dementia, and baseline cognitive status influencing QoL outcomes in family carers. Discussion It is striking that people with dementia and their carers did not report a decline in QoL during the pandemic or in the months following restrictions suggesting the possibility of resilience. Variation in subgroups suggests that specific groups of family carers were more vulnerable to lower QoL; indicating the need for more tailored, nuanced support during this period.
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30
The influence of food processing methods on serum parameters, apparent total-tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota and SCFA content in adult beagles
Xuan Cai, Rongrong Liao, Guo Chen, Yonghong Lu, Yiqun Zhao, Yi Chen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 19.01.2022
by Xuan Cai, Rongrong Liao, Guo Chen, Yonghong Lu, Yiqun Zhao, Yi Chen
Food processing methods may influence the health of dogs. However, previous studies have mostly been based on a comparison of several commercial dog foods with different ingredients. In this study, eighteen adult beagles of the same age and health status (assessed by routine blood tests) were used in the experiments. This study analyzed the effects of the following different processing methods: raw, pasteurized, and high temperature sterilization (HTS) made with the same ingredients and nutrients (based on dry matter) on serum parameters, apparent total-tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in beagle dogs. The data showed, after a test lasting 56-days, the apparent digestibility (ATTD) of protein and fat in HTS food was 91.9%, which was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than that in dry food (89.2%, P < 0.05). The serum content of triglyceride increased in beagles fed HTS food (P < 0.05), and the number of neutrophils in beagles fed raw food and pasteurized food increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the platelet count in beagles fed raw food showed an increasing trend compared with the beagles fed HTS food. Different processing methods had an impact on the intestinal microbiota and SCFA of beagles; at least 14 genera were significantly affected by the food produced using different processing methods. In particular, the abundance of Allprevotella, Escherichia-Shigella and Turicibacter, and the total acid content were lower in beagles fed the raw diet, whereas Streptococcus, Collinsella, Bacteroides and Ruminococcus gnavus were more abundant following the HTS diet, and Lactococcus showed the highest abundance in beagles fed the pasteurized diet. This study showed that dog food produced by different processing methods affected the health of adult beagles.
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