Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Ingen søgeord valgt.
42 emner vises.
Derya Çağlayan, Ahmet Furkan Süner, Neslişah Şiyve, Irmak Güzel, Çağlar Irmak, Elif Işik, Özgür Appak, Muammer Çelik, Gamze Öztürk, Sema Alp Çavuş, Gül Ergör, Arzu Sayiner, Alp Ergör, Yücel Demiral, Bülent Kiliç
Journal of Medical Virology, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 26.01.2022
Saranya Sridhar, Arnel Joaquin, Matthew I Bonaparte, Agustin Bueso, Anne-Laure Chabanon, Aiying Chen, Roman M Chicz, David Diemert, Brandon J Essink, Bo Fu, Nicole A Grunenberg, Helene Janosczyk, Michael C Keefer, Doris M Rivera M, Ya Meng, Nelson L Michael, Sonal S Munsiff, Onyema Ogbuagu, Vanessa N Raabe, Randall Severance, Enrique Rivas, Natalya Romanyak, Nadine G Rouphael, Lode Schuerman, Lawrence D Sher, Stephen R Walsh, Judith White, Dalia von Barbier, Guy de Bruyn, Richard Canter, Marie-Helene Grillet, Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi, Marguerite Koutsoukos, Denise Lopez, Roger Masotti, Sandra Mendoza, Catherine Moreau, Maria Angeles Ceregido, Shelly Ramirez, Ansoyta Said, Fernanda Tavares-Da-Silva, Jiayuan Shi, Tina Tong, John Treanor, Carlos A Diazgranados, Stephen Savarino
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2022
Tilføjet 26.01.2022
Two injections of CoV2 preS dTM-AS03 showed acceptable safety and reactogenicity, and robust immunogenicity in adults who were SARS-CoV-2 naive and non-naive. These results supported progression to phase 3 evaluation of the 10 7mu;g antigen dose for primary vaccination and a 5 7mu;g antigen dose for booster vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristoph Lange, Erik C Böttger, Emmanuelle Cambau, David E Griffith, Lorenzo Guglielmetti, Jakko van Ingen, Shandra L Knight, Theodore K Marras, Kenneth N Olivier, Miguel Santin, Jason E Stout, Enrico Tortoli, Dirk Wagner, Kevin Winthrop, Charles L Daley, expert panel group for management recommendations in non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2022
Tilføjet 26.01.2022
The 2020 clinical practice guideline for the treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) by the American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Infectious Diseases Society of America; and the 2017 management guideline by the British Thoracic Society covered pulmonary diseases in adults caused by Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium xenopi, and Mycobacterium abscessus.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatthew McCallum, Nadine Czudnochowski, Laura E. Rosen, Samantha K. Zepeda, John E. Bowen, Alexandra C. Walls,, Kevin Hauser, Anshu Joshi, Cameron Stewart, Josh R. Dillen, Abigail E. Powell, Tristan I. Croll, Jay Nix, Herbert W. Virgin,,, Davide Corti, Gyorgy Snell, David Veesler,
Science, 25.02.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Timothy A. Bates, Savannah K. McBride, Hans C. Leier, Gaelen Guzman, Zoe L. Lyski, Devin Schoen, Bradie Winders, Joon-Yong Lee, David Xthona Lee, William B. Messer,,,, Marcel E. Curlin,, Fikadu G. Tafesse,
Science, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Yueh-Ming Loo, Patrick M. McTamney, Rosalinda H. Arends, Michael E. Abram, Anastasia A. Aksyuk, Seme Diallo, Daniel J. Flores, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Kuishu Ren, Richard Roque, Kim Rosenthal, Katie Streicher, Kevin M. Tuffy, Nicholas J. Bond, Owen Cornwell, Jerome Bouquet, Lily I. Cheng, James Dunyak, Yue Huang, Anton I. Rosenbaum, Venkatesh Pilla Reddy, Hanne Andersen, Robert H. Carnahan,, James E. Crowe,,, Ana I. Kuehne, Andrew S. Herbert, John M. Dye, Helen Bright, Nicole L. Kallewaard, Menelas N. Pangalos, Mark T. Esser
Science, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Shohei Inui, Soon Ho Yoon, Ozkan Doganay, Fergus V. Gleeson, Minsuok Kim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Shohei Inui, Soon Ho Yoon, Ozkan Doganay, Fergus V. Gleeson, Minsuok Kim
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may severely impair pulmonary function and cause hypoxia. However, the association of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT with impaired ventilation remains unexplained. This pilot study aims to demonstrate the relationship between the radiological findings on COVID-19 CT images and ventilation abnormalities simulated in a computational model linked to the patients’ symptoms. Methods Twenty-five patients with COVID-19 and four test-negative healthy controls who underwent a baseline non-enhanced CT scan: 7 dyspneic patients, 9 symptomatic patients without dyspnea, and 9 asymptomatic patients were included. A 2D U-Net-based CT segmentation software was used to quantify radiological futures of COVID-19 pneumonia. The CT image-based full-scale airway network (FAN) flow model was employed to assess regional lung ventilation. Functional and radiological features were compared across groups and correlated with the clinical symptoms. Heterogeneity in ventilation distribution and ventilation defects associated with the pneumonia and the patients’ symptoms were assessed. Results Median percentage ventilation defects were 0.2% for healthy controls, 0.7% for asymptomatic patients, 1.2% for symptomatic patients without dyspnea, and 11.3% for dyspneic patients. The median of percentage pneumonia was 13.2% for dyspneic patients and 0% for the other groups. Ventilation defects preferentially affected the posterior lung and worsened with increasing pneumonia linearly (y = 0.91x + 0.99, R2 = 0.73) except for one of the nine dyspneic patients who had disproportionally large ventilation defects (7.8% of the entire lung) despite mild pneumonia (1.2%). The symptomatic and dyspneic patients showed significantly right-skewed ventilation distributions (symptomatic without dyspnea: 0.86 ± 0.61, dyspnea 0.91 ± 0.79) compared to the patients without symptom (0.45 ± 0.35). The ventilation defect analysis with the FAN model provided a comparable diagnostic accuracy to the percentage pneumonia in identifying dyspneic patients (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.94 versus 0.96). Conclusions COVID-19 pneumonia segmentations from CT scans are accompanied by impaired pulmonary ventilation preferentially in dyspneic patients. Ventilation analysis with CT image-based computational modelling shows it is able to assess functional impairment in COVID-19 and potentially identify one of the aetiologies of hypoxia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoaquín Moreno-Contreras, Marco A. Espinoza, Carlos Sandoval-Jaime, Marco A. Cantú-Cuevas, Daniel A. Madrid-González, Héctor Barón-Olivares, Oscar D. Ortiz-Orozco, Asunción V. Muñoz-Rangel, Cecilia Guzmán-Rodríguez, Manuel Hernández-de la Cruz, César M. Eroza-Osorio, Carlos F. Arias, Susana López
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Joaquín Moreno-Contreras, Marco A. Espinoza, Carlos Sandoval-Jaime, Marco A. Cantú-Cuevas, Daniel A. Madrid-González, Héctor Barón-Olivares, Oscar D. Ortiz-Orozco, Asunción V. Muñoz-Rangel, Cecilia Guzmán-Rodríguez, Manuel Hernández-de la Cruz, César M. Eroza-Osorio, Carlos F. Arias, Susana López
In many countries a second wave of infections caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has occurred, triggering a shortage of reagents needed for diagnosis and compromising the capacity of laboratory testing. There is an urgent need to develop methods to accelerate the diagnostic procedures. Pooling samples represents a strategy to overcome the shortage of reagents, since several samples can be tested using one reaction, significantly increasing the number and speed with which tests can be carried out. We have reported the feasibility to use a direct lysis procedure of saliva as source for RNA to SARS-CoV-2 genome detection by reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR). Here, we show that the direct lysis of saliva pools, of either five or ten samples, does not compromise the detection of viral RNA. In addition, it is a sensitive, fast, and inexpensive method that can be used for massive screening, especially considering the proximity of the reincorporation of activities in universities, offices, and schools.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedColleen R. Newey, Abigail T. Olausson, Alyssa Applegate, Ann-Aubrey Reid, Richard A. Robison, Julianne H. Grose
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Colleen R. Newey, Abigail T. Olausson, Alyssa Applegate, Ann-Aubrey Reid, Richard A. Robison, Julianne H. Grose
The highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2 has led to several studies on the transmission of the virus. A little studied potential fomite of great concern in the community is currency, which has been shown to harbor microbial pathogens in several studies. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many businesses in the United States have limited the use of banknotes in favor of credit cards. However, SARS-CoV-2 has shown greater stability on plastic in several studies. Herein, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 at room temperature on banknotes, money cards and coins was investigated. In vitro studies with live virus suggested SARS-CoV-2 was highly unstable on banknotes, showing an initial rapid reduction in viable virus and no viral detection by 24 hours. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 displayed increased stability on money cards with live virus detected after 48 hours. Environmental swabbing of currency and money cards on and near the campus of Brigham Young University supported these results, with no detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on banknotes, and a low level on money cards. However, no viable virus was detected on either. These preliminary results suggest that the use of money cards over banknotes in order to slow the spread of this virus may be ill-advised. These findings should be investigated further through larger environmental studies involving more locations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXun Lin, Stephen J. Gaudino, Kyung Ku Jang, Tej Bahadur, Ankita Singh, Anirban Banerjee, Michael Beaupre, Timothy Chu, Hoi Tong Wong, Chang-Kyung Kim, Cody Kempen, Jordan Axelrad, Huakang Huang, Saba Khalid, Vyom Shah, Onur Eskiocak, Olivia B. Parks, Artan Berisha, Jeremy P. McAleer, Misty Good, Miko Hoshino, Richard Blumberg, Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Sarah L. Gaffen, Jay K. Kolls, Vincent W. Yang, Semir Beyaz, Ken Cadwell, Pawan Kumar
Immunity, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
IL-17A is critical for maintaining intestinal integrity and may play a beneficial role in IBD, but the extent of its tissue-specific roles remains unclear. Lin et al. show that IL-17A acts specifically on Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells to induce Atoh1 expression and promote differentiation into secretory cells. Furthermore, IL-17A protects against DSS-induced injury through ATOH1+ cell-mediated regeneration of Lgr5+ ISCs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChen-Hao Yeh, Joel Finney, Takaharu Okada, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Garnett Kelsoe
Immunity, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells within the germinal center (GC) arbitrate antibody affinity maturation. Yeh et al. utilize various models to distinguish GC-resident Tfh cells, showing that the previous phenotypic definition of GCTfh cells includes a large subset that does not enter GCs. These CD90hi Tfh cells have different developmental requirements and activities than the rarer GC-resident Tfh cells (CD90neg/lo), implying distinct functions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSuran M.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Telehealth visits for Medicare beneficiaries have increased significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic began, according to a report from the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSuran M.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Through the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the White House now requires US states to cover counseling visits for individuals younger than 21 years in which clinicians discuss the importance of vaccination against COVID-19. More than 40% of children in the US receive health insurance coverage from Medicaid.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLi H, Hu S, Lv M.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
To the Editor A recent study using nationwide passive surveillance data in the US found that the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome increased after receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine. We note that only 7.7% of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome in this study reported a recent illness (eg, upper respiratory tract infection, generalized rash, gastroenteritis, or flu-like symptoms). As mentioned in the discussion, approximately two-thirds of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome typically report respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infections preceding the onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWoo E, Dimova RB, Mba-Jonas A.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
In Reply As stated in our article, passive surveillance and spontaneous reports are subject to many limitations. Incomplete or missing information is a major limitation. Because of pandemic-related delays at many hospitals and clinicians’ offices, we have been unable to obtain complete records. Based on available medical records, we identified an antecedent infection in only 7.7% of cases, but the true percentage may have been considerably higher.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
This Medical Letter review summarizes the use of tixagevimab and cilgavimab (Evusheld), investigational long-acting monoclonal antibodies to be administered concomitantly by intramuscular injection for preexposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in persons aged 12 years or older.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOster ME, Shay DK, Su JR, et al.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
This descriptive study compares the effect of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vs mRNA-1273 (Moderna) on the reported cases of myocarditis in the US after each vaccination dose.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKuehn BM.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
As COVID-19 cases surged in Michigan last fall, another viral threat affected hundreds of people on a university campus in the state.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKuehn BM.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
The CDC has awarded $22 million to 28 organizations worldwide to launch 2 new networks intended to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AR) and health care–associated infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWald A.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
The vaccines to prevent COVID-19 are remarkable for their safety, efficacy, and pace of development. Initial enthusiasm that followed the release of the preliminary results that formed the basis for distribution of the vaccines under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) has been dampened by the inequity in access to the vaccines across the globe, vaccine hesitancy, and emergence of variants that partly evade vaccine-induced antibodies. These factors are related, and all 3 contribute to ongoing morbidity, mortality, and societal disruption related to SARS-CoV-2 in much of the world. Incomplete coverage with the vaccine leads to infection of immunocompromised persons who are likely to harbor the virus for prolonged periods (or chronically), allowing for mutations that are then selected for immune evasion and better fitness to the human host. The new variants are sufficiently altered structurally such that neither prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or even much higher levels of vaccine-induced antibodies are protective.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSpitzer A, Angel Y, Marudi O, et al.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
This cohort study estimates the association of a BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine booster dose with SARS-CoV-2 infections among health care workers in Israel previously vaccinated with a 2-dose series of BNT162b2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMeddel Rio C, Omer SB, Malani PN.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
This Viewpoint discusses the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, including its likely origin, the importance of vaccination, the other tools available to combat a surge in COVID-19 cases, and the possibility of a “twindemic” with influenza.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWang, Y.-x., Zou, J.-y., Hu, L.-f., Liu, Q., Huang, R.-l., Tang, T., Yue, Q.-q., Sun, Y.-x., Xiao, Q., Zeng, X., Zeng, Y.
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Objective
To evaluate the general population’s awareness of and attitudes toward Helicobacter pylori (HP) screening and health behaviours.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.
Participants
Using stratified cluster random sampling, a pretested structured questionnaire was used to interview members of the general population aged ≥18 years.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
Knowledge of and attitudes toward HP screening and associated health behaviours, sociodemographic factors associated with HP knowledge, and screening behaviours.
Results
This study featured 1042 participants. The average knowledge score was 11 (QL=4, QU=20, range 0–29). Approximately 68.9% of the participants said they had heard of HP, but 67.5% had never had an HP test. The most common reasons for not undergoing screening were ‘no symptoms’ (55.7%) and ‘lack of knowledge regarding the benefits of the test’ (21.1%). Independent factors related to knowledge included age, education level, occupation, HP infection, frequency of drinking unboiled water (p<0.05). Factors independently associated with screening behaviour included occupation, average monthly income, presence/absence of indigestion, stomach discomfort or pain, and/or stomach disease and knowledge score (p<0.05). Overall, 941 (90.3%) participants never used anti-HP toothpaste, and 442 (40.5%) never used serving spoons or chopsticks. The risk factors for HP infection included eating out and eating in groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion
In China, the general population has poor knowledge of HP, but most people have a positive attitude towards HP screening. Being asymptomatic and lacking knowledge about testing were the main reasons for reluctance to be screened. These results highlight the urgent need for educational activities to raise awareness, enhance screening rates for HP, and encourage people to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Waldron, C.-A., Thomas-Jones, E., Bernatoniene, J., Brookes-Howell, L., Faust, S. N., Harris, D., Hinds, L., Hood, K., Huang, C., Mateus, C., Pallmann, P., Patel, S., Paulus, S., Peak, M., Powell, C., Preston, J., Carrol, E. D.
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Introduction
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker more specific for bacterial infection and responds quicker than other commonly used biomarkers such as C reactive protein, but is not routinely used in the National Health Service (NHS). Studies mainly in adults show that using PCT to guide clinicians may reduce antibiotic use, reduce hospital stay, with no associated adverse effects such as increased rates of hospital re-admission, incomplete treatment of infections, relapse or death. A review conducted for National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends further research on PCT testing to guide antibiotic use in children.
Methods and analysis
Biomarker-guided duration of Antibiotic Treatment in Children Hospitalised with confirmed or suspected bacterial infection is a multi-centre, prospective, two-arm, individually Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) with a 28-day follow-up and internal pilot. The intervention is a PCT-guided algorithm used in conjunction with best practice. The control arm is best practice alone. We plan to recruit 1942 children, aged between 72 hours and up to 18 years old, who are admitted to the hospital and being treated with intravenous antibiotics for suspected or confirmed bacterial infection. Coprimary outcomes are duration of antibiotic use and a composite safety measure. Secondary outcomes include time to switch from broad to narrow spectrum antibiotics, time to discharge, adverse drug reactions, health utility and cost-effectiveness. We will also perform a qualitative process evaluation. Recruitment commenced in June 2018 and paused briefly between March and May 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ethics and dissemination
The trial protocol was approved by the HRA and NHS REC (North West Liverpool East REC reference 18/NW/0100). We will publish the results in international peer-reviewed journals and present at scientific meetings.
Trial registration number
ISRCTN11369832.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Dekker, L., Hooijman, L., Louwerse, A., Visser, K., Bastiaansen, D., Ten Hoopen, L., De Nijs, P., Dieleman, G., Ester, W., Van Rijen, S., Truijens, F., Van der Hallen, R.
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for everyone, particularly for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a developmental disorder characterised by limitations in social communication, repetitive behavioural patterns, and limited interests, and activities. It is expected that many families with children with ASD will experience more problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related public health restrictions. At the same time, some may experience improved functioning, due to fewer expectations and social demands.
Methods/design
In a mixed-method study to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, parents of children with ASD (ages 4–21) who were in care pre-COVID-19 at one of three large mental healthcare institutions in the region of Rotterdam participated (68 for T0, 57 for T1). The aims are (1) to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overall functioning and autistic symptoms of the child/adolescent with ASD, as well as parental and family functioning (QUANT-QUAL), in both the short term and longer term, and (2) to investigate risk and protective factors (in light of resilience) (QUANT-qual) and (3) to investigate care and informational needs (QUAL-quant). Pre-COVID-19 baseline data will be retrieved from clinical records. Participants will fill out two surveys (one during a COVID-19 peak—January–May 2021—and one thereafter). Survey participants were invited to participate in interviews (n=27). Surveys include measures thar were included pre-COVID-19 (ie, overall functioning and autism symptoms) as well as specific measures to identify family functioning and COVID-19 impact. The semistructured interviews focus on child, parent and family functioning and care—and informational needs.
Ethics and dissemination
The Medical Ethics Committee of the Erasmus MC has approved the study. Findings will be available to families of children with ASD, their care providers, the funders, autism societies, the government and other researchers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Goh, E. C. L., Wen, D. J. R., Ang, R. C. Y.
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Objectives
This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on a disadvantaged group of financially poor mothers’ mental health conditions in Singapore during the phase of acute COVID-19 infection.
Design
A mixed-method design is used. We conducted five focus group discussions with interviewers (n=39) who administered a third wave of survey questionnaire to 424 mothers from low-income families between June and September 2020. The focus group discussions gleaned observations by the interviewers on the risk and stress levels of the mothers during the period leading up to the height of COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, survey data from two time points—pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 pandemic height, measuring the relationship of mother’s job loss, income earner loss, marital status, number of children and, permanency of employment and mother’s hope levels with mother’s depression and anxiety were used to triangulate the observations from the focus group discussions.
Results
Majority of the interviewers did not observe any marked increase in stress levels. Correspondingly the quantitative data did not show any significant increase in depression and anxiety scores between wave 2 and 3 results. Qualitative data showed that numerous mothers were able to report different strategies in coping with the financial distress. The government COVID-19 support grants were cited by many as helpful in cushioning the financial stress. Comparing the quantitative measurements, the relationship between loss of income earner and mother’s depression and anxiety was moderated by marital status. In addition, the relationship between mother’s job loss and mother’s depression, as well as loss of income earner and mother’s anxiety, was moderated by mother’s hope.
Conclusion
We speculate the relatively stable level of mental health state of financially poor mothers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic to their internal (psychological traits) resilience which is facilitated by the availability of resources in the social milieu through the COVID-19 support grants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Tan, H. Q. M., Pendolino, A. L., Andrews, P. J., Choi, D.
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Objectives
To determine the long-term prevalence of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction (OD±GD), associated risk factors and impact on quality of life (QoL) in previously hospitalised patients with COVID-19 1 year after infection.
Design
A single-centre cohort study.
Setting
Patients admitted at a large central London hospital with COVID-19 infection between 10 February 2020 and 22 May 2020.
Participants
150 adult subjects with previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited between 10 December 2020 and 29 January 2021. Participants were predominantly male (102/150, 68.0%); mean age 58.0±15.9 years and 41.2% (56/136) were of black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds.
Main outcome measures
EQ-5D-5L values and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) scores.
Results
Long-term prevalence of OD±GD was 12.8% (19/149) at median time of 264.5 days following SARS-CoV-2 infection onset. Patients with OD±GD had a significantly higher median total SNOT-22 score (46.1; Q1–Q3: 23.0–60.0; 95% CI 23.0 to 60.0) compared with those without (16.0; Q1–Q3: 5.0–30.5; 95% CI 12.0 to 18.0) (p=0.0002), reflecting poorer QoL, particularly psychological well-being (p=0.0004), which was not alleviated with time (p=0.4977). Median EQ-5D-5L value was not significantly different between patients with OD±GD (0.70; Q1–Q3: 0.38–0.83; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.83) and those without (0.83; Q1–Q3: 0.61–0.94; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.89) (p=0.0627). Age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, highest C reactive protein value, intubation and ventilation, and oxygen supplementation were not found to influence OD±GD (p>0.05).
Conclusions
12.8% of previously hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in London still report persistent problems with smell or taste up to a year after infection, impacting their QoL. Increased holistic support including psychological therapy and olfactory rehabilitation for affected patients may help to reduce long-term morbidity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Bordas, A., Soriano-Arandes, A., Subirana, M., Malagrida, R., Reyes-Uruena, J. M., Folch, C., Soler-Palacin, P., Gascon, M., Sunyer, J., Anton, A., Blanco, I., Fernandez-Morales, J., Colom-Cadena, A., Sentis, A., Pumarola, T., Basora, J., Casabona, J., Sentinel School Network Study Group of Catalonia, Casabona, Sunyer, Soler-Palacin, Malagrida, Reyes-Uruena, Folch, Romano, Muntada, Bordas, Colom-Cadena, Gascon, Subirana, Sunyer, Malagrida, Fernandez, Soriano, Vidal, Pumarola, Anton, Andres, Esperalba, Blanco, Blanco, Cardona, Gonzalez, Fernandez, Esteban, Diaz, Alonso, Aceiton, Montoro, Muntada, Romano, Subirana, Fernandez, Colom-Cadena, Martinez, Herrero, Garcia, Rus, i Silvia Burgaya, Riera-Bosch, Sola, Aulet, Mendoza, Busquets, Perramon, Sebastia, Moreno, Duran, Perez, Gatell, Coma, Mas, Llopis, Pequeno, Mendioroz, Cabezas
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Introduction
Since the SARS-CoV-2 became of concern in January 2020, many preventive measures have been adopted in educational settings to ensure the control of COVID-19 pandemic among children and staff in schools. This study aims to set up a school sentinel surveillance network with the purpose of monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection, seroprevalence as well as to analyse the impact of preventive interventions of SARS-CoV-2 in school settings. Additionally, we will assess diverse screening strategies in a cohort of students and school staff to monitor the screening acceptance and its potential impact. Altogether, we hope this study will enable the design of more effective strategies for the prevention of COVID-19 spread.
Methods and analysis
The sentinel schools’ study is a cross-sectional, school-based project including 26 participating sentinel schools in Catalonia (Spain). Children, adolescents and staff at the schools will be invited to participate. This project will be carried out from January 2021 to June 2022 as follows: (1) twice yearly serological testing and molecular SARS-CoV-2 detection and questionnaires covering SARS-CoV-2 symptoms, tests, health, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours; (2) an environmental evaluation carried out in different classrooms; (3) SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics and the impact of different variants among confirmed cases and classmates; (4) a participatory process by which the participants are invited to act as coinvestigators to evaluate prevention strategies and provide recommendations to improve COVID-19 prevention in schools. Descriptive analysis will be performed for the main variables collected. The incidence and seroprevalence will be calculated and the association with sociodemographic factors and school characteristics will be determined using multivariate logistic regression.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was obtained from the IDIAPJGol and the Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron ethics committees. A report will be generated quarterly. Findings will be disseminated at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Donneau, A.-F., Guillaume, M., Bours, V., Dandoy, M., Darcis, G., Desmecht, D., Diep, A. N., Fievez, L., Garigliany, M.-M., Gillain, N., Husson, E., Michel, F., Moutschen, M., Paridans, M., Benoit, P., Sabatel, C., Saegerman, C., Tytgat, A., Gillet, L., Bureau, F.
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Introduction
For a safe and sustainable return to normal functioning of academic activities in higher education, objective-driven testing strategies that are flexible and rapidly adaptable are essential to effectively monitor and respond to new developments of the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, prospective longitudinal research on SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in saliva and seroprevalence in higher education contexts is substantially lacking, limiting our understanding of COVID-19 prevalence, incidence and nature of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 at various stages of the infection and vaccination. To address this lack of evidence, a prospective population-based cohort study (SARSSURV-ULiège) has recently been started.
Methods and analysis
Students (n=1396) and staff members (n=1143) of the University of Liège are followed up over more than 1 year. All participants are required to complete anamnestic, clinical and vaccine hesitancy questionnaires for medical histories and undertaken treatments. Previous proven or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection is also registered. In phase 1, weekly saliva samples to perform RT-qPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 and monthly COVID-19 serological rapid test results are collected. Once being positive to either saliva RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 presence or to serological test, the participant is invited to enter phase 2. If participants get vaccinated during the study period, they are invited to phase 2. In this second phase, besides weekly saliva self-test, depending on the participants’ profiles, both gargle and blood samples are collected to obtain various biological data to measure the presence of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, determine the magnitude and the duration of antibody responses over time.
Ethics and dissemination
The study has received the approval from the University Hospital of Liège Ethics Committee (reference number 2021/96, dated 26 March 2021). Potential protocol amendments will be presented to the Research Ethics Committee. The findings of the present study will be presented at scientific conferences and the results published in peer-review publications. Weekly reports will be submitted to the risk assessment group and the risk management group against COVID-19 of the university to enable a timely public health action if necessary.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
MacDonald, S. E., Paudel, Y. R., Kiely, M., Rafferty, E., Sadarangani, M., Robinson, J. L., Driedger, S. M., Svenson, L. W., on behalf of the COVImm study team
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Objective
To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early childhood vaccination coverage in Alberta, Canada.
Setting
Alberta, a western Canadian province, which has a population of 4.4 million and approximately 50 000 births annually.
Design
In this retrospective cohort study, population-based administrative health data were analysed to determine the vaccination coverage for measles-containing, pertussis-containing and rotavirus vaccines.
Primary outcome measure
We measured monthly and cumulative vaccine coverage. We assessed the absolute difference in monthly and cumulative coverage for each vaccine dose by comparing children due for vaccination in each month of 2019 and 2020, with follow-up to determine if missed doses were caught up later.
Participants
We included 114 178 children in the 2019 analysis cohort and 106 530 children in the 2020 analysis cohort.
Results
Monthly vaccination coverage in 2020 was higher than 2019 until March, when coverage significantly declined. Comparing April 2020 to 2019, coverage was 9.9% (95% CI 7.9% to 12.0%) lower for measles vaccine; 4.9% (95% CI 3.3% to 6.5%), 7.1% (95% CI 5.2% to 9.1%), 5.2% (95% CI 3.1% to 7.4%) and 8.8% (95% CI 6.6% to 10.9%) lower for first, second, third and fourth doses of pertussis-containing vaccine, respectively; and 4.0% (95% CI 2.3% to 5.7%), 7.1% (95% CI 5.1% to 9.2%) and 4.6% (95% CI 2.4% to 6.7%) lower for first, second and third doses of rotavirus vaccine, respectively. Monthly coverage improved during May to July 2020; however, some doses experienced a second decline during September to October 2020. The cumulative coverage analysis showed that the measles-containing vaccine had the largest difference in coverage at the end of follow-up.
Conclusions
Children who were due for vaccination early in the pandemic and in Fall 2020, especially those due for measles vaccination, may require additional catch-up.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Kollmann, J., Kocken, P. L., Syurina, E. V., Hilverda, F.
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Objectives
Due to an increased infection rate among young adults, they need to adhere to the preventive guidelines to stop the spread of COVID-19 and protect vulnerable others. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the role of risk perception and affective response in the preventive behaviours of young adults during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Setting
This study followed a convergent mixed methods design, in which a quantitative online survey (n=1081) and 10 qualitative in-depth semistructured video interviews were conducted separately in the Netherlands during April–August 2020.
Participants
1081 participants filled in the online survey, and 10 participants participated in the interviews. Eligibility criteria included being a university student.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
Data on risk perception, affective response, that is, worry, and adherence to preventive guidelines were combined and analysed during this study. There were no secondary outcome measures.
Results
The results showed that young adults perceived their risk as low. Their affective response for their own well-being was also low; however, their affective response was high with regards to vulnerable others in their surroundings. Due to their high impersonal risk perception (ie, perceived risk to others) and high affective response, young adults adhered to most preventive guidelines relatively frequently. However, young adults sometimes neglected social distancing due to the negative effects on mental health and the uncertainty of the duration of the situation.
Conclusions
In conclusion, high impersonal risk perception and high affective response regarding others are key motivators in young adults’ preventive behaviour. To maximise adherence to the preventive guidelines, risk communication should put emphasis on the benefits to vulnerable others’ health when young adults adhere to the preventive guidelines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Ndwandwe, D. E., Runeyi, S., Pienaar, E., Mathebula, L., Hohlfeld, A., Wiysonge, C. S.
BMJ Open, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
Background
The Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR) is a WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform primary register, which caters for clinical trials conducted in Africa. PACTR is the first and, at present, the only member of the Network of WHO Primary Registers in Africa. The aim is to describe and report on the trends of trial records registered in PACTR.
Methods
PACTR was established in 2007 as the AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Clinical Trials Registry. The scope of the registry was then expanded in 2009 to include all diseases. This is a cross-sectional study of trials registered in PACTR from inception to 18 August 2021. A descriptive analysis of the use and trends of the following data fields: study intervention, disease condition, sex of the participants, sample size, ethics, funding and availability of results was conducted using Microsoft Excel.
Results
The number of trials registered has increased year on year, reaching 606 trials registered in 2020. The total number of trials registered at the time of the analysis was 2998. More than half of the trials in the registry (1655 of 2998, ie, 55%) were prospectively registered. Ethical approval was received by 90% (2691 of 2998) of the registered trials. Factorial assignment as an intervention model was in 20% (589 of 2998) of the trials registered. There were 36% (1083 of 2998) completed trials, of which 3% (94 of 1083) had results available in the registry. The most dominant funding source indicated was self-funding in 23% (693 of 2998) of the registered trials, and 55% (1639 of 2998) had no funding.
Conclusion
Registration on PACTR continues to grow; however, our analysis shows that researchers’ capacity-building is needed to understand the importance of the registry and how this information informs healthcare decisions. Promoting prospective trial registration remains critical to avoid selective reporting bias to inform research gaps.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Jaime Carmona-Fonseca, Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Jaime Carmona-Fonseca, Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias
Knowledge about the relation of histopathological characteristics and mediators of physiological processes in the placenta malaria (PM) is poor, and that PM caused by Plasmodium vivax is almost null. The objective was to compare histopathological characteristics, cytokines and mediators of physiological processes in PM depending on the parasitic species, through a cross-sectional study in three groups: negative-PM, vivax-PM, falciparum-PM from Northwestern Colombia. The diagnosis of PM was made with thick blood smear, qPCR, and histopathology. Immuno-histochemical was made with EnVision system (Dako) and Zeiss Axio Imager M2 with light microscope. Cells in apoptosis were studied with the TUNEL technique. To measure the expression level of cytokines and mediators qRT-PCR was used. We included 179 placentas without PM and 87 with PM (53% P. vivax and 47% P. falciparum). At delivery, anemia was 25% in negative-PM, 60% in vivax-PM, and 44% in falciparum-PM group. The neonatal weight had an intense difference between groups with 3292±394g in negative-PM, 2,841±239 in vivax-PM, and 2,957±352 in falciparum-PM. The histopathological characteristics and CD+ cells in placenta with statistical differences (Dunn´s test) between negative-PM vs vivax-PM (P. falciparum was similar to P. vivax) were infarction, fibrinoid deposits, calcification, cells in apoptosis, immune infiltrates in decidua and intervillous space, CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD56+, CD68+. The expression levels of mediators in the placenta with statistical differences (Dunn´s test) between negative-PM vs vivax-PM (P. falciparum was similar to P. vivax) were Fas, FasL, HIF1α, Cox1, Cox2, VEGF, IL4, IL10, IFNγ, TNF, TGFβ, FOXP3, and CTLA4. PM with P. falciparum and P. vivax, damages this organ and causes significant alteration of various physiological processes, which cause maternal anemia and a reduction in neonatal weight in degrees that are statistically and clinically significant. It is necessary that the search for plasmodial infection in pregnant and placenta goes from passive to active surveillance with adequate diagnostic capacity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAyenew Mose, Kassahun Haile, Abebe Timerga
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Ayenew Mose, Kassahun Haile, Abebe Timerga
Background Medical and health science students are among the frontline health care workers who are at high risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection during their clinical attachments and future career. As health care providers, they are expected to promote and administer the COVID-19 vaccine and counsel vaccine-hesitant patients. It is, therefore, imperative to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical and health science students. Thus, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors among medical and health science students of Wolkite University. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 420 medical and health science students attending Wolkite University from March 1 to 30, 2021. Simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Self-administered and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.2.0 and exported to SPSS version 23 software package for further analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was used to identify associated factors. P values
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYang Deng, Weidong Meng, Bo Huang, Jingyu Liu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Yang Deng, Weidong Meng, Bo Huang, Jingyu Liu
Due to unreasonable pricing, farmers have low enthusiasm for reclaiming their homesteads, which can be used to generate construction land quota. This paper studies how to design a feasible pricing mechanism to stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers. First, we analyze the practice that the local government gives the developers with quota the selection, the right to select the location of the land to be auctioned. Then, applying sequential auction theory, we propose first- and second-price sealed-bid sequential auction models and design quota auction pricing mechanisms. Through theoretical and numerical analysis, we obtain the equilibrium strategy and analyze the impact of selection and on developers’ bidding pricing on quota. The results show that the selection can enhance the developer’s quota bidding price and farmers’ income. And the higher the value of selection to the developer, the higher the quota bidding price and farmer’s income. Contrarily, the larger the number of developers, the smaller the quota bidding price and farmers’ income. Finally, the quota bidding price and farmers’ income in the second-price sealed-bid sequential auction are higher than in the first-price sealed-bid sequential auction.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarion Schoof, Maureen O’Callaghan, Campbell R. Sheen, Travis R. Glare, Mark R. H. Hurst
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Marion Schoof, Maureen O’Callaghan, Campbell R. Sheen, Travis R. Glare, Mark R. H. Hurst
Bacterial protein secretion is crucial to the maintenance of viability and pathogenicity. Although many bacterial secretion systems have been identified, the underlying mechanisms regulating their expression are less well explored. Yersinia entomophaga MH96, an entomopathogenic bacterium, releases an abundance of proteins including the Yen-Tc into the growth medium when cultured in Luria Bertani broth at ≤ 25°C. Through the development of a high-throughput exoproteome screening assay (HESA), genes involved in MH96 exoprotein production were identified. Of 4,080 screened transposon mutants, 34 mutants exhibited a decreased exoprotein release, and one mutation located in the intergenic region of the Yen-Tc operon displayed an elevated exoprotein release relative to the wild-type strain MH96. DNA sequencing revealed several transposon insertions clustered in gene regions associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPSI and LPSII), and N-acyl-homoserine lactone synthesis (quorum sensing). Twelve transposon insertions were located within transcriptional regulators or intergenic regions. The HESA will have broad applicability for identifying genes associated with exoproteome production in a range of microorganisms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJeffrey I. Campbell, Angella Musiimenta, Sylvia Natukunda, Nir Eyal, Jessica E. Haberer
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Jeffrey I. Campbell, Angella Musiimenta, Sylvia Natukunda, Nir Eyal, Jessica E. Haberer
Background Participation in longitudinal research studies in resource-limited settings often involves frequent interactions with study staff and other participants, as well as receipt of incentives and transportation reimbursements. Social support—receipt of material and emotional resources from one’s social network—has been linked to antiretroviral adherence in sub-Saharan Africa. The extent to which social support arises from study participation, its range and depth, and its implications for observational study conduct, have not been extensively described. Methods We conducted individual open-ended and semi-structured interviews with participants in a longitudinal, observational antiretroviral therapy adherence monitoring study in Mbarara, Uganda. Participants were asked about their experiences in the longitudinal study and their interactions with research staff. We also interviewed study research assistants (RAs). Deductive and inductive coding were used to identify content related to the experience of study participation. Codes were organized into themes, and relationships between themes were used to develop overarching categories. Results Sixty longitudinal study participants and 6 RAs were interviewed. Instrumental and emotional social support emerged as pervasive and valued aspects of longitudinal study participation. Instrumental support that participants received consisted of enhanced linkage to medical care, health education, and direct and indirect material benefits. Emotional support consisted of perceptions of feeling “cared for” and social interactions that permitted escape from HIV-related stigma. Both instrumental and emotional support often arose through the close relationships participants formed with research staff and with each other. Study-derived social support motivated some participants to adhere to antiretroviral therapy—an unanticipated effect potentially influencing the longitudinal study’s primary observational outcome. Conclusions Longitudinal study participation resulted in instrumental and emotional social support for participants. The depth of support participants experienced has implications for observational study design in resource-limited settings, including need to assess potential effects on study outcomes; consideration of social support during risk/benefit assessment in study ethics review and consent; and vigilance for consequences of social support loss when studies end.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie, Dhifar Raa’d Taher Al-Guranie, Aya Aziz Hussein, Zaineb Ali Bachai
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie, Dhifar Raa’d Taher Al-Guranie, Aya Aziz Hussein, Zaineb Ali Bachai
Carbapenems are the last resort antimicrobials for the treatment of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae. Emergence of carbapenems resistant group B2 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is a major concern because of their high virulence. Prevalence of these enzymes and multidrug resistance (MDR) among B2 UPEC isolates from Iraqi outpatients with acute urinary tract infection (UTI) was evaluated in this research. Urine cultures were performed and the isolates were identified biochemically. Escherichia coli isolates were tested for phylogroup reference by quadraplex PCR, then B2 isolates were detected for antimicrobial resistance by disc diffusion test and carbapenemase genes by PCR. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent among Gram-negative isolates (66.6%) and B2 was the most detected phylogroup among E. coli isolates (33.9%). Most of B2 isolates showed high resistance rates to tested antimicrobials, especially β-lactams with MDR revealed in 100% of them. Whereas, low resistance rates were noted against carbapenems, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 76.3% of B2 isolates. Of which, blaOXA-48 was the most frequent (57.8%), followed by blaPER (47.3%), blaKPC (15.7%), blaVEB and blaVIM (10.5%, for each). Whereas, blaGES and blaIMP genes were not found. Coproduction of these genes occurred among 17 isolates. The combination of blaOXA-48 and blaPER was the most frequent (41.1%). All carbapenemase producing isolates were MDR. These results revealed high prevalence of carbapenemase genes and MDR among B2 UPEC recovered in this study. In the study area. it is strongly advised to use aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin for empirical treatment of UPEC.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClara Schoneberg, Jens Böttcher, Britta Janowetz, Anja Rostalski, Lothar Kreienbrock, Amely Campe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Clara Schoneberg, Jens Böttcher, Britta Janowetz, Anja Rostalski, Lothar Kreienbrock, Amely Campe
Latent class analysis is a widely used statistical method for evaluating diagnostic tests without any gold standard. It requires the results of at least two tests applied to the same individuals. Based on the resulting response patterns, the method estimates the test accuracy and the unknown disease status for all individuals in the sample. An important assumption is the conditional independence of the tests. If tests with the same biological principle are used, the assumption is not fulfilled, which may lead to biased results. In a recent publication, we developed a method that considers the dependencies in the latent class model and estimates all parameters using frequentist methods. Here, we evaluate the practicability of the method by applying it to the results of six ELISA tests for antibodies against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in pigs that generally follow the same biological principle. First, we present different methods of identifying suitable starting values for the algorithm and apply these to the dataset and a vaccinated subgroup. We present the calculated values of the test accuracies, the estimated proportion of antibody-positive animals and the dependency structure for both datasets. Different starting values led to matching results for the entire dataset. For the vaccinated subgroup, the results were more dependent on the selected starting values. All six ELISA tests are well suited to detect antibodies against PRRS virus, whereas none of the tests had the best values for sensitivity and specificity simultaneously. The results thus show that the method used is able to determine the parameter values of conditionally dependent tests with suitable starting values. The choice of test should be based on the general fit-for-purpose concept and the population under study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBenedetta Armocida, Giulia Zamagni, Elena Magni, Lorenzo Monasta, Manola Comar, Nunzia Zanotta, Carolina Cason, Giorgia Argentini, Marianela Urriza, Andrea Cassone, Fulvia Vascotto, Roberto Buzzetti, Egidio Barbi, Massimo Del Pin, Paola Pani, Alessandra Knowles, Claudia Carletti, Federica Concina, Mariarosa Milinco, Luca Ronfani
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Benedetta Armocida, Giulia Zamagni, Elena Magni, Lorenzo Monasta, Manola Comar, Nunzia Zanotta, Carolina Cason, Giorgia Argentini, Marianela Urriza, Andrea Cassone, Fulvia Vascotto, Roberto Buzzetti, Egidio Barbi, Massimo Del Pin, Paola Pani, Alessandra Knowles, Claudia Carletti, Federica Concina, Mariarosa Milinco, Luca Ronfani
Objectives We aimed to identify clinical, anamnestic, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with a positive swab for SARS-CoV2, and to provide a predictive score to identify at risk population in children aged 2–14 years attending school and tested for clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Design Cross sectional study. Setting Outpatient clinic of the IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, a maternal and child health tertiary care hospital and research centre in Italy. Data collection and analysis Data were collected through a predefined form, filled out by parents, and gathered information on sociodemographic characteristics, and specific symptoms, which were analysed to determine their association with a positive SARS-CoV-2 swab. The regression coefficients of the variables included in the multivariate analysis were further used in the calculation of a predictive score of the positive or negative test. Results Between September 20th and December 23rd 2020, from 1484 children included in the study, 127 (8.6%) tested positive. In the multivariate analysis, the variables retained by the model were the presence of contact with a cohabiting, non-cohabiting or unspecified symptomatic case (respectively OR 37.2, 95% CI 20.1–68.7; 5.1, 95% CI 2.7–9.6; 15.6, 95% CI 7.3–33.2); female sex (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.0–2.3); age (6–10 years old: OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7–6.1 p<0.001; >10 years old: OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.7–8.8 p<0.001); fever (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.3–6.4); chills (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.3); headache (OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.9–2.4); ageusia (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.5–4.0); sore throat (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.3–0.8); earache (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1–1.3); rhinorrhoea (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5–1.3); and diarrhoea (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.2–1.1). The predictive score based on these variables generated 93% sensitivity and 99% negative predictive value. Conclusions The timely identification of SARS-CoV2 cases among children is useful to reduce the dissemination of the disease and its related burden. The predictive score may be adopted in a public health perspective to rapidly identify at risk children.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSamuel Lewis, Misheck Mphande, Florence Chibwana, Temwa Gumbo, Ben Allan Banda, Hitler Sigauke, Agnes Moses, Sundeep Gupta, Risa M. Hoffman, Corrina Moucheraud
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Samuel Lewis, Misheck Mphande, Florence Chibwana, Temwa Gumbo, Ben Allan Banda, Hitler Sigauke, Agnes Moses, Sundeep Gupta, Risa M. Hoffman, Corrina Moucheraud
Background Although evidence from high-resource settings indicates that women with HIV are at higher risk of acquiring high-risk HPV and developing cervical cancer, data from cervical cancer “screen and treat” programs using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in lower-income countries have found mixed evidence about the association between HIV status and screening outcomes. Moreover, there is limited evidence regarding the effect of HIV-related characteristics (e.g., viral suppression, treatment factors) on screening outcomes in these high HIV burden settings. Methods This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between HIV status, HIV treatment, and viral suppression with cervical cancer screening outcomes. Data from a “screen and treat” program based at a large, free antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi was retrospectively analyzed to determine rates of abnormal VIA results and suspected cancer, and coverage of same-day treatment. Multivariate logistic regression assessed associations between screening outcomes and HIV status, and among women living with HIV, viremia, ART treatment duration and BMI. Results Of 1405 women receiving first-time VIA screening between 2017–2019, 13 (0.9%) had suspected cancer and 68 (4.8%) had pre-cancerous lesions, of whom 50 (73.5%) received same-day lesion treatment. There was no significant association found between HIV status and screening outcomes. Among HIV+ women, abnormal VIA was positively associated with viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL (aOR 3.02, 95% CI: 1.22, 7.49) and negatively associated with ART treatment duration (aOR 0.88 per additional year, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98). Conclusion In this population of women living with HIV with high rates of ART coverage and viral suppression, HIV status was not significantly associated with abnormal cervical cancer screening results. We hypothesize that ART treatment and viral suppression may mitigate the elevated risk of cervical cancer for women living with HIV, and we encourage further study on this relationship in high HIV burden settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarie-Pierre Cyr, Rosalie Dostie, Chantal Camden, Chantale Dumoulin, Paul Bessette, Annick Pina, Walter Henry Gotlieb, Korine Lapointe-Milot, Marie-Hélène Mayrand, Mélanie Morin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2022
Tilføjet 25.01.2022
by Marie-Pierre Cyr, Rosalie Dostie, Chantal Camden, Chantale Dumoulin, Paul Bessette, Annick Pina, Walter Henry Gotlieb, Korine Lapointe-Milot, Marie-Hélène Mayrand, Mélanie Morin
Background A large proportion of gynecological cancer survivors suffer from pain during sexual intercourse, also known as dyspareunia. Following a multimodal pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) treatment, a reduction in pain and improvement in psychosexual outcomes were found in the short term, but no study thus far has examined whether these changes are sustained over time. Purpose To examine the improvements in pain, sexual functioning, sexual distress, body image concerns, pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, painful intercourse self-efficacy, depressive symptoms and pelvic floor disorder symptoms in gynecological cancer survivors with dyspareunia after PFPT, and to explore women’s perceptions of treatment effects at one-year follow-up. Methods This mixed-method study included 31 gynecological cancer survivors affected by dyspareunia. The women completed a 12-week PFPT treatment comprising education, manual therapy and pelvic floor muscle exercises. Quantitative data were collected using validated questionnaires at baseline, post-treatment and one-year follow-up. As for qualitative data, semi-structured interviews were conducted at one-year follow-up to better understand women’s perception and experience of treatment effects. Results Significant improvements were found from baseline to one-year follow-up on all quantitative outcomes (P ≤ 0.028). Moreover, no changes were found from post-treatment to one-year follow-up, supporting that the improvements were sustained at follow-up. Qualitative data highlighted that reduction in pain, improvement in sexual functioning and reduction in urinary symptoms were the most meaningful effects perceived by participants. Women expressed that these effects resulted from positive biological, psychological and social changes attributable to multimodal PFPT. Adherence was also perceived to influence treatment outcomes. Conclusions Findings suggest that the short-term improvements following multimodal PFPT are sustained and meaningful for gynecological cancer survivors with dyspareunia one year after treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed