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26 emner vises.
Eloise Williams, Bowen Zhang, Eric P. F. Chow, Socheata Chea, Tiffany R. Phillips, Kate Maddaford, Marcelina Krysiak, Yi Nong, Helen Stefanatos, Shivani Pasricha, Christopher K. Fairley, Deborah A. Wiliamson aDepartment of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia bDepartment of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia cMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Healthgrid.267362.4, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia dCentral Clinical School, Monash Universitygrid.1002.3, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia eMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia fDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia gVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Keisuke Takahashi, Itsuki Miyazato, Satoshi Maeda, Lauren Takahashi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
by Keisuke Takahashi, Itsuki Miyazato, Satoshi Maeda, Lauren Takahashi
A transfomer oil immersion cooling server is designed and constructed for machine learning applications and first principle calculations that are carried out for materials-related research. CPU, motherboard, random access memory, hard disk drive, solid state drive, graphic card, and the power supply unit are submerged into the transformer oil in order to cool the entire system. Benchmark tests reveal that overall performance is improved while performance times for multicore calculations are dramatically improved. Furthermore, calculation times for machine learning with large data sets and density functional theory calculations are shortened during single core calculations. Thus, a transformer oil immersion cooling server is proposed to be an alternative cooling system used for improving the performance of first principle calculations and machine learning.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCait M. Costello, Graham G. Willsey, Angelene F. Richards, Jaeyoon Kim, Matteo S. Pizzuto, Stefano Jaconi, Fabio Benigni, Davide Corti, Nicholas J. Mantis, John C. March aDepartment of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell Universitygrid.5386.8, Ithaca, New York, USA bDivision of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA cHumabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland, Igor E. Brodsky
Infection and Immunity, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
S Duvlis, D Dabeski, M Hiljadnikova‐Bajro, D Osmani, S Memeti
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Camille Vellas, Pauline Tremeaux, Arnaud Del Bello, Justine Latour, Nicolas Jeanne, Noémie Ranger, Chloé Danet, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Pierre Delobel, Nassim Kamar, Jacques Izopet
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant, divided in five lineages (BA.1/BA.2/BA.3/BA.4/BA.5), harbors numerous spike protein mutations particularly in the receptor-binding-domain (RBD). Recent studies showed that the omicron variant resists to the majority of RBD-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAb) [1]. Sotrovimab, a pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing mAb recently authorized, seems to remain efficient to neutralize omicron variant [1,2]. However, as it targets a single epitope, the risk of developing resistance mutations is not negligible.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGülşen Özkaya Şahin, Mario U. Mondelli, Mojca Matičič, Oana Sandulescu, William Irving, ESCMID Study Group for Viral Hepatitis (ESGVH)
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
We would like to share our concern on the paediatric cases with acute severe hepatitis of unknown aetiology (ASHep-UA) that appeared worldwide in developed countries since October 1, 2021 (1). As of 1 May 2022 over 200 cases have been reported from 17 countries: United Kingdom (145), Italy (17), Spain (13), Israel (12), the United States of America (12), Denmark (6), Ireland (4), the Netherlands (4), Japan (3), Austria (2), Belgium (2), France (2), Norway (2), Germany (1), Poland (1), Romania (1), and Singapore (1) (1, 2).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatías J. Pereson, Lucas Amaya, Karin Neukam, Patricia Bare, Natalia Echegoyen, María Noel Badano, Alicia Lucero, Antonella Martelli, Gabriel H. Garcia, Cristina Videla, Alfredo P. Martínez, Federico A. Di Lello
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
To compare the homologous prime-boost vaccination scheme of Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V, SpV) to its heterologous combination with mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Mod) vaccine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatricia Eyu, Peter Elyanu, Alex R. Ario, Vivian Ntono, Doreen Birungi, Gerald Rukundo, Carol Nanziri, Ignatius Wadunde, Richard Migisha, Elizabeth Katana, Peter Oumo, Job Morukileng, Julie R. Harris
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Priya Verma, Sayan Banerjee, Upasana Baskey, Supradip Dutta, Sagnik Bakshi, Raina Das, Sandip Samanta, Shanta Dutta, Provash Chandra Sadhukhan
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Kayzad Nilgiriwala, Pratibha Kadam, Grishma Patel, Ambreen Shaikh, Tejal Mestry, Smriti Vaswani, Shalini Sakthivel, Aruna Poojary, Bhavesh Gandhi, Seema Rohra, Zarir Udwadia, Vikas Oswal, Daksha Shah, Mangala Gomare, Kalpana Sriraman, Nerges Mistry
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Huifang Zhu, Rongzhao Zhang, Li Yi, Yan‐Dong Tang, Chunfu Zheng
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Hubert D‐J Daniel, Sanjay Kumar, Rajesh Kannangai, J Farzana, Joseph N Joel, Aby Abraham, Kavitha M Lakshmi, Mavis Agbandje‐Mckenna, Kirsten E. Coleman, Arun Srivastava, Alok Srivastava, Asha Mary Abraham
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Mohamad S. Hakim
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Ilari Kuitunen, Miia Artama, Marjut Haapanen, Marjo Renko
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Vinicius de Araujo Oliveira, Enny S Paixão, Pilar Tavares Veras Florentino, Gerson O Penna, Neil Pearce, Guilherme L Werneck, Maurício L Barreto, Viviane S Boaventura, Manoel Barral-Netto
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
As of May 11, 2022, an estimated 519 million individuals have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and at least 11 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses have been administered worldwide. Therefore, understanding hybrid immunity (ie, immunity derived from infection plus vaccination) is crucial to guide future vaccination policies. We found that vaccination provided additional protection to that induced by past infection during the gamma (P.1) and delta (B.1.617.2) variant waves of the pandemic in Brazil.1 With the emergence of the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, vaccine effectiveness appears to decay,2,3 but protection in individuals who have been previously infected and vaccinated remains unknown.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKaren H Keddy
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
One of the many lessons of the past 2 years has been the additional challenges faced by low-income and middle-income countries in accessing and distributing vaccines. Although the major focus has been accessing COVID-19 vaccination,1 ever-mounting evidence exists to suggest that childhood vaccination programmes generally have been disrupted, for a number of reasons, including restrictions of population movement due to national lockdowns early in the COVID-19 pandemic, and later predominantly due to vaccine stockouts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSuman Kanungo, Pranab Chatterjee, Ashish Bavdekar, Manoj Murhekar, Sudhir Babji, Richa Garg, Sandip Samanta, Ranjan K Nandy, Anand Kawade, Kangusamy Boopathi, Kaliaperumal Kanagasabai, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Velusamy Saravana Kumar, Nivedita Gupta, Shanta Dutta
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Rotavac and Rotasiil can be safely used in an interchangeable manner for routine immunisation since the seroresponse was non-inferior in the mixed vaccine regimen compared with the single vaccine regimen. These results allow for flexibility in administering the vaccines, helping to overcome vaccine shortages and supply chain issues, and targeting migrant populations easily.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJ Daniel Kelly, Collin Van Ryn, Moses Badio, Tamba Fayiah, Kumblytee Johnson, Dehkontee Gayedyu-Dennis, Sheri D Weiser, Travis C Porco, Jeffery N Martin, Michael C Sneller, George W Rutherford, Cavan Reilly, Mosoka P Fallah, J Soka Moses
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2022
Tilføjet 17.05.2022
Our findings provide evidence of post-Ebola virus disease clinical sequelae among contacts with unrecognised Ebola virus disease but not in people with pauci-symptomatic or asymptomatic Ebola virus infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJohn D. Perpich, Lan Yakoumatos, Kendall S. Stocke, Gina R. Lewin, Anayancy Ramos, Deborah R. Yoder-Himes, Marvin Whiteley, Richard J. Lamont aDepartment of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisvillegrid.266623.5, Louisville, Kentucky, USA bDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sullivan University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky, USA cSchool of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technologygrid.213917.f, Atlanta, Georgia, USA dEmory-Children’s Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA eCenter for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technologygrid.213917.f, Atlanta, Georgia, USA fDepartment of Biology, University of Louisvillegrid.266623.5, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, Andreas J. Bäumler
Infection and Immunity, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 16.05.2022
Infection, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 16.05.2022
Abstract
Purpose
Symptoms often persistent for more than 4 weeks after COVID-19—now commonly referred to as ‘Long COVID’. Independent of initial disease severity or pathological pulmonary functions tests, fatigue, exertional intolerance and dyspnea are among the most common COVID-19 sequelae. We hypothesized that respiratory muscle dysfunction might be prevalent in persistently symptomatic patients after COVID-19 with self-reported exercise intolerance.
Methods
In a small cross-sectional pilot study (n = 67) of mild-to-moderate (nonhospitalized) and moderate-to-critical convalescent (formerly hospitalized) patients presenting to our outpatient clinic approx. 5 months after acute infection, we measured neuroventilatory activity P0.1, inspiratory muscle strength (PImax) and total respiratory muscle strain (P0.1/PImax) in addition to standard pulmonary functions tests, capillary blood gas analysis, 6 min walking tests and functional questionnaires.
Results
Pathological P0.1/PImax was found in 88% of symptomatic patients. Mean PImax was reduced in hospitalized patients, but reduced PImax was also found in 65% of nonhospitalized patients. Mean P0.1 was pathologically increased in both groups. Increased P0.1 was associated with exercise-induced deoxygenation, impaired exercise tolerance, decreased activity and productivity and worse Post-COVID-19 functional status scale. Pathological changes in P0.1, PImax or P0.1/PImax were not associated with pre-existing conditions.
Conclusions
Our findings point towards respiratory muscle dysfunction as a novel aspect of COVID-19 sequelae. Thus, we strongly advocate for systematic respiratory muscle testing during the diagnostic workup of persistently symptomatic, convalescent COVID-19 patients.
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Hong Yuan, Hailan Wu, Yingyuan Zhang, Haihui Huang, Yi Li, Junzhen Wu, Guoying Cao, Jicheng Yu, Beining Guo, Jufang Wu, Zhengyu Yuan, Yuancheng Chen, Wanqiu Yang, Xiaojie Wu, Jing Zhang aInstitute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China bKey Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China cPhase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China dShanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 16.05.2022
Selvi C. Ersoy, Adhar C. Manna, Richard A. Proctor, Henry F. Chambers, Ewan M. Harrison, Arnold S. Bayer, Ambrose Cheung aThe Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, USA bDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA cUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA dUCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA eWellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom fDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom gDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom hThe Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 16.05.2022
BMC Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 16.05.2022
Abstract
Background
Symptoms of depression are prevalent in people living with human immune deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (PLWHA), and worsened by lack of physical activity/exercises, leading to restriction in social participation/functioning. This raises the question: what is the extent to which physical exercise training affected, symptoms of depression, physical activity level (PAL) and social participation in PLWHA compared to other forms of intervention, usual care, or no treatment controls?
Method
Eight databases were searched up to July 2020, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Only randomised controlled trials involving adults who were either on HAART/HAART-naïve and reported in the English language, were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility of the studies, extracted data, assessed their quality, and risk of bias using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was used as summary statistics for the mean primary outcome (symptoms of depression) and secondary outcomes (PAL and social participation) since different measuring tools/units were used across the included studies. Summary estimates of effects were determined using a random-effects model (I2).
Results
Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria with 779 participants (n = 596 participants at study completion) randomised into the study groups, comprising 378 males, 310 females and 91 participants with undisclosed gender, and with an age range of 18–86 years. Across the studies, aerobic or aerobic plus resistance exercises were performed 2–3 times/week, at 40–60 min/session, and for between 6-24 weeks, and the risk of bias vary from high to low. Comparing the intervention to control groups showed significant difference in the symptoms of depression (SMD = − 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.01, − 0.48, p ≤ 0.0002; I2 = 47%; 5 studies; 205 participants) unlike PAL (SMD = 0.98, 95% CI − 0.25, 2.17, p = 0.11; I2 = 82%; 2 studies; 62 participants) and social participation (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI − 0.65, 0.73, p = 0.91; I2 = 90%; 6 studies; 373 participants).
Conclusion
Physical exercise training could have an antidepressant-like effect in PLWHA but did not affect PAL and social participation. However, the high heterogeneity in the included studies, implies that adequately powered randomised controlled trials with clinical/methodological similarity are required in future studies.
Trail Registration number
INPLASY202040048.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 16.05.2022
Abstract
Background
It is not known whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases HIV-risk behaviours among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed associations of PTSD symptoms with sexual behaviour, HIV risk perception, and attitudes towards PrEP among young people taking part in the CHAPS community survey. We hypothesised that PTSD symptoms would increase sexual behaviours associated with HIV risk, hinder PrEP uptake and influence preference for daily versus on-demand PrEP.
Methods
Young people without HIV, aged 13–24 years, were purposively recruited in Johannesburg and Cape Town in South Africa, Wakiso in Uganda, and Chitungwiza in Zimbabwe, and surveyed on socio-demographic characteristics, PrEP knowledge and attitudes, sexual behaviour, HIV perception and salience, and mental health. PTSD symptoms were measured using the Primary Care PTSD Screen for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (PC-PTSD-5). Logistic and ordinal logistic regression was used to assess associations between PC-PTSD-5 score and socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, HIV risk perception, PrEP attitudes, and substance use, adjusting for age, sex, setting, depression and anxiety.
Results
Of 1330 young people (51% male, median age 19 years), 522 (39%) reported at least one PTSD symptom. There was strong evidence that having a higher PC-PTSD-5 score was associated with reported forced sex (OR 3.18, 95%CI: 2.05–4.93), self-perception as a person who takes risks (OR 1.12, 95%CI: 1.04–1.20), and increased frequency of thinking about risk of HIV acquisition (OR 1.16, 95%CI: 1.08–1.25). PTSD symptoms were not associated with willingness to take PrEP, preference for on-demand versus daily PrEP, or actual HIV risk behaviour such as condomless sex.
Conclusions
Symptoms consistent with probable PTSD were common among young people in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe but did not impact PrEP attitudes or PrEP preferences. Evaluation for PTSD might form part of a general assessment in sexual and reproductive health services in these countries. More work is needed to understand the impact of PTSD on HIV-risk behaviour, forced sex and response to preventive strategies including PrEP.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 16.05.2022
Abstract
Background
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) account for a disproportionate number of new HIV infections worldwide. HIV prevalence among young sex workers in Uganda is 22.5%. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective biomedical HIV prevention method, awareness of PrEP among AGYW in Uganda has not been studied systematically. We aimed to assess awareness of PrEP and factors associated with awareness of PrEP among AGYW who frequently reported paid sex.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 14–24-year old AGYW at high risk of HIV infection in Kampala, Uganda from January to October 2019. Participants were screened for PrEP eligibility using a national screening tool of whom 82.3% were eligible. Data on socio-demographics, behavioral and sexual risks were collected by interview. Awareness of oral or injectable PrEP, the latter of which is currently in late-stage trials, was defined as whether an individual had heard about PrEP as an HIV prevention method. Multivariable robust poisson regression model was used to assess factors associated with oral PrEP awareness.
Results
We enrolled 285 participants of whom 39.3% were under 20 years old, 54.7% had completed secondary education, 68.8% had multiple sex partners in the past 3 months, 8.8% were screened as high risk drinkers’/ alcohol dependent (AUDIT tool) and 21.0% reported sex work as main occupation. Only 23.2% were aware of oral PrEP and 3.9% had heard about injectable PrEP. The prevalence of oral PrEP awareness was significantly higher among volunteers screened as alcohol dependents (aPR 1.89, 95% CI 1.08–3.29) and those with multiple sexual partners (aPR 1.84, 95% CI 1.01–3.35), but was lower among those who reported consistent condom use with recent sexual partners (aPR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.91).
Conclusions
Majority of AGYW were not aware of any kind of PrEP. Those with higher risk behavior, i.e. alcohol dependents or multiple sexual partners, were more aware of oral PrEP. Interventions to increase awareness among female youth are needed. Improving PrEP awareness is critical to increasing PrEP uptake among high-risk AGYW in Uganda.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 16.05.2022
Abstract
Background
Vaccination has been proven to be an effective approach against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to determine the acceptance rate and factors influencing acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Guangxi, China.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in five cities in Guangxi, China from May 7 to June 1, 2021. Questionnaires on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and the related factors were conducted among PLWH recruited by simple random sampling. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination.
Results
Of all valid respondents (n = 903), 72.9% (n = 658) were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was the main reason for being willing to receive vaccination (76.0%), while the main reasons for not willing were the concerns about vaccine safety (54.7%) and the vaccination’s effect on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (50.6%). The most important factors influencing acceptance were the perception that vaccination is unsafe for HIV-infected people (aOR = 0.082, 95% CI = 0.024–0.282) and the poor efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected people (aOR = 0.093, 95% CI = 0.030–0.287). Other factors associated with acceptance included Zhuang ethnicity (aOR = 1.653, 95% CI = 1.109–2.465), highest education level of middle school, high school or above (aOR = 1.747, 95% CI = 1.170–2.608; aOR = 2.492, 95% CI = 1.326–4.682), and the vaccination having little effect on ART efficacy (aOR = 2.889, 95% CI = 1.378–6.059).
Conclusions
Acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccination is relatively low among PLWH compared to the general population in China, although some patients refused vaccination due to concerns about vaccine safety and vaccination affecting ART efficacy. More research is needed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 vaccines on ART efficacy and the effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH.
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