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James A. Watson, Stephen M. Kissler, Nicholas P. J. Day, Yonatan H. Grad, Nicholas J. White aMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol Universitygrid.10223.32, Bangkok, Thailand bCentre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom cDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Jakub M. Kwiecinski, Diamond A. Jelani, Ernesto J. Fuentes, Alexander R. Horswill aDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA bDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland cDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowagrid.214572.7, Iowa City, Iowa, USA dDepartment of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Garam Choi, Sang Ho Choi
Trends in Microbiology, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
The fulminating zoonotic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus is the causative agent of fatal septicemia in humans and fish, raising tremendous economic burdens in healthcare and the aquaculture industry. V. vulnificus exploits various virulence factors, including biofilm-related factors and exotoxins, for its persistence in nature and pathogenesis during infection. Substantial studies have found that the expression of virulence factors is coordinately regulated by numerous transcription factors that recognize the changing environments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNtuku, H., Smith-Gueye, C., Scott, V., Njau, J., Whittemore, B., Zelman, B., Tambo, M., Prach, L. M., Wu, L., Schrubbe, L., Kang Dufour, M.-S., Mwilima, A., Uusiku, P., Sturrock, H., Bennett, A., Smith, J., Kleinschmidt, I., Mumbengegwi, D., Gosling, R., Hsiang, M.
BMJ Open, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Objectives
To estimate the cost and cost effectiveness of reactive case detection (RACD), reactive focal mass drug administration (rfMDA) and reactive focal vector control (RAVC) to reduce malaria in a low endemic setting.
Setting
The study was part of a 2x2 factorial design cluster randomised controlled trial within the catchment area of 11 primary health facilities in Zambezi, Namibia.
Participants
Cost and outcome data were collected from the trial, which included 8948 community members that received interventions due to their residence within 500 m of malaria index cases.
Outcome measures
The primary outcome was incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) per in incident case averted. ICER per prevalent case and per disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted were secondary outcomes, as were per unit interventions costs and personnel time. Outcomes were compared as: (1) rfMDA versus RACD, (2) RAVC versus no RAVC and (3) rfMDA+RAVC versus RACD only.
Results
rfMDA cost 1.1x more than RACD, and RAVC cost 1.7x more than no RAVC. Relative to RACD only, the cost of rfMDA+RAVC was double ($3082 vs $1553 per event). The ICERs for rfMDA versus RACD, RAVC versus no RAVC and rfMDA+RAVC versus RACD only were $114, $1472 and $842, per incident case averted, respectively. Using prevalent infections and DALYs as outcomes, trends were similar. The median personnel time to implement rfMDA was 20% lower than for RACD (30 vs 38 min per person). The median personnel time for RAVC was 34 min per structure sprayed.
Conclusion
Implemented alone or in combination, rfMDA and RAVC were cost effective in reducing malaria incidence and prevalence despite higher implementation costs in the intervention compared with control arms. Compared with RACD, rfMDA was time saving. Cost and time requirements for the combined intervention could be decreased by implementing rfMDA and RAVC simultaneously by a single team.
Trial registration number
NCT02610400; Post-results.
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Wang, H., Zhou, X., Song, C., Yin, P., Shi, R., Zhang, H., Dan, Y., Wu, H., Ye, J.
BMJ Open, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the influence and conditioning process of hindrance stressors on the emotional exhaustion of the front-line healthcare workers during recuperation, examine the potential mediating process of rumination, and explore the moderating role of organisational and family factors.
Setting
This cross-sectional study was conducted during 12–20 July 2020. Total 418 questionnaires were collected from front-line healthcare workers by random cluster sampling. Hierarchical regression was performed to analyse the mediating effect of affective rumination using SPSS25.0, while PROCESS was used to further investigate the moderating role of servant leadership and family support.
Participants
418 healthcare workers were investigated randomly from front-line medical teams. Inclusion criteria included worked as front-line health workers and participated in the fight against COVID-19 in Hubei; age ≥18 years; normal cognitive and comprehension abilities under physical and mental health; volunteer to participate in this study. Exclusion criteria included recently affected by major events other than COVID-19 or those with a history of neurasthenia and trauma.
Results
Using descriptive analysis of average value and SD measured by a five-item scale (MBI-GS), we found that front-line healthcare workers’ emotional exhaustion score (2.45±0.88) was at the medium level. Hindrance stressors, mediated by affective rumination, had a significant positive predictive effect on emotional exhaustion. Servant leadership negatively moderated the direct effect of hindrance stressors on emotional exhaustion (β=–0.106, p<0.01). Family support positively moderated the impact of hindrance stressors on emotional exhaustion (β=0.082, p<0.05).
Conclusions
During the recuperation period, after successfully controlling COVID-19 at the front line, the first-line healthcare workers should be screened through affective rumination evaluation to gain insight for targeted interventions. We find that servant leadership is beneficial in alleviating emotional exhaustion while family support worsens emotional exhaustion. We suggest that servant leadership should be further promoted in medical organisations, and family support should be applied correctly and cautiously.
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Hong, C., Zhang, H. G., L'Yi, S., Weber, G., Avillach, P., Tan, B. W. Q., Gutierrez-Sacristan, A., Bonzel, C.-L., Palmer, N. P., Malovini, A., Tibollo, V., Luo, Y., Hutch, M. R., Liu, M., Bourgeois, F., Bellazzi, R., Chiovato, L., Sanz Vidorreta, F. J., Le, T. T., Wang, X., Yuan, W., Neuraz, A., Benoit, V., Moal, B., Morris, M., Hanauer, D. A., Maidlow, S., Wagholikar, K., Murphy, S., Estiri, H., Makoudjou, A., Tippmann, P., Klann, J., Follett, R. W., Gehlenborg, N., Omenn, G. S., Xia, Z., Dagliati, A., Visweswaran, S., Patel, L. P., Mowery, D. L., Schriver, E. R., Samayamuthu, M. J., Kavuluru, R., Lozano-Zahonero, S., Zöller, D., Tan, A. L. M., Tan, B. W. L., Ngiam, K. Y., Holmes, J. H., Schubert, P., Cho, K., Ho, Y.-L., Beaulieu-Jones, B. K., Pedrera-Jimenez, M., Garcia-Barrio, N., Serrano-Balazote, P., Kohane, I., The Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by EHR (4CE), South, A., Brat, G. A., Cai, T.
BMJ Open, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Objective
To assess changes in international mortality rates and laboratory recovery rates during hospitalisation for patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 between the first wave (1 March to 30 June 2020) and the second wave (1 July 2020 to 31 January 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design, setting and participants
This is a retrospective cohort study of 83 178 hospitalised patients admitted between 7 days before or 14 days after PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within the Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by Electronic Health Record, an international multihealthcare system collaborative of 288 hospitals in the USA and Europe. The laboratory recovery rates and mortality rates over time were compared between the two waves of the pandemic.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
The primary outcome was all-cause mortality rate within 28 days after hospitalisation stratified by predicted low, medium and high mortality risk at baseline. The secondary outcome was the average rate of change in laboratory values during the first week of hospitalisation.
Results
Baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index and laboratory values at admission were not significantly different between the first and second waves. The improvement in laboratory values over time was faster in the second wave compared with the first. The average C reactive protein rate of change was –4.72 mg/dL vs –4.14 mg/dL per day (p=0.05). The mortality rates within each risk category significantly decreased over time, with the most substantial decrease in the high-risk group (42.3% in March–April 2020 vs 30.8% in November 2020 to January 2021, p<0.001) and a moderate decrease in the intermediate-risk group (21.5% in March–April 2020 vs 14.3% in November 2020 to January 2021, p<0.001).
Conclusions
Admission profiles of patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ greatly between the first and second waves of the pandemic, but there were notable differences in laboratory improvement rates during hospitalisation. Mortality risks among patients with similar risk profiles decreased over the course of the pandemic. The improvement in laboratory values and mortality risk was consistent across multiple countries.
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Krauss, S. R., Barbateskovic, M., Klingenberg, S. L., Djurisic, S., Petersen, S. B., Kenfelt, M., Kong, D. Z., Jakobsen, J. C., Gluud, C.
BMJ Open, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Objectives
To assess the benefits and harms of aluminium adjuvants versus placebo or no intervention in randomised clinical trials in relation to human vaccine development.
Design
Systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis assessing the certainty of evidence with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).
Data sources
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, BIOSIS, Science Citation Index Expanded and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science until 29 June 2021, and Chinese databases until September 2021.
Eligibility criteria
Randomised clinical trials irrespective of type, status and language of publication, with trial participants of any sex, age, ethnicity, diagnosis, comorbidity and country of residence.
Data extraction and synthesis
Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias with Cochrane’s RoB tool 1. Dichotomous data were analysed as risk ratios (RRs) and continuous data as mean differences. We explored both fixed-effect and random-effects models, with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was quantified with I2 statistic. We GRADE assessed the certainty of the evidence.
Results
We included 102 randomised clinical trials (26 457 participants). Aluminium adjuvants versus placebo or no intervention may have no effect on serious adverse events (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.43; very low certainty) and on all-cause mortality (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.41; very low certainty). No trial reported on quality of life. Aluminium adjuvants versus placebo or no intervention may increase adverse events (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.20; very low certainty). We found no or little evidence of a difference between aluminium adjuvants versus placebo or no intervention when assessing serology with geometric mean titres or concentrations or participants’ seroprotection.
Conclusions
Based on evidence at very low certainty, we were unable to identify benefits of aluminium adjuvants, which may be associated with adverse events considered non-serious.
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Aukland, E. A., Klepstad, P., Aukland, S. M., Ghavidel, F. Z., Buanes, E. A.
BMJ Open, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Objectives
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication among critical ill patients with COVID-19, but the actual incidence is unknown as AKI-incidence varies from 25% to 89% in intensive care unit (ICU) populations. We aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors of AKI in patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU in Norway.
Design
Nation-wide observational study with data sampled from the Norwegian Intensive Care and Pandemic Registry (NIPaR) for the period between 10 March until 31 December 2020.
Setting
ICU patients with COVID-19 in Norway. NIPaR collects data on intensive care stays covering more than 90% of Norwegian ICU and 98% of ICU stays.
Participants
Adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to Norwegian ICU were included in the study. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were excluded in order to avoid bias from CKD on the incidence of AKI.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
Primary outcome was AKI at ICU admission as defined by renal Simplified Acute Physiology Score in NIPaR. Secondary outcome measures included survival at 30 and 90 days after admission to hospital.
Results
A total number of 361 patients with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. AKI was present in 32.0% of the patients at ICU admission. The risk for AKI at ICU admission was related to acute circulatory failure at admission to hospital. Survival for the study population at 30 and 90 days was 82.5% and 77.6%, respectively. Cancer was a predictor of 30-day mortality. Age, acute circulatory failure at hospital admission and AKI at ICU admission were predictors of both 30-day and 90-day mortality.
Conclusions
A high number of patients with COVID-19 had AKI at ICU admission. The study indicates that AKI at ICU admission was related to acute circulatory failure at hospital admission. Age, acute circulatory failure at hospital admission and AKI at ICU admission were associated with mortality.
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Griffin, L., Riley, R.
BMJ Open, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Objectives
To identify the psychological impact of working during the COVID-19 pandemic on medical and nursing students’ psychological well-being. To inform recommendations for the provision of future student well-being support.
Design
An interpretative qualitative, semistructured interview study employing maximum variation sampling, snowball sampling and a thematic analysis.
Setting
A large West Midlands (UK) university with medical and nursing undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Study undertaken between January and May 2020.
Participants
A purposive sample of eight medical (six women and two men) and seven nursing (all women) students who worked >2 weeks in a healthcare setting during the COVID-19 pandemic (from 1 March 2020 onwards).
Results
Four core themes with corresponding subthemes were identified: (1) COVID-19 sources of distress—working conditions, exposure to suffering, death and dying, relationships and teams, individual inexperience and student identity, (2) negative impact on mental health and well-being—psychological and emotional distress, delayed distress, exhaustion, mental ill health, (3) protective factors from distress—access to support, environment, preparation and induction, recognition and reward, time for breaks and rest and (4) positive experiences and meaningful outcomes.
Conclusions
Student pandemic deployment has had a significant negative impact on students’ psychological well-being, as a result of demanding working conditions, unprecedented exposure to death and suffering and lack of preparation for new job roles. Universities and healthcare organisations must formally acknowledge this impact and provide well-being support for distressed students working in such challenging contexts. They must also establish more supportive and inclusive healthcare environments for medical and nursing students in future pandemic and postpandemic circumstances, through the implementation of support systems and adequate preparation.
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Infection, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
Purpose
In infections of the Central Nervous System (iCNS), rapid identification of causing pathogens is crucial for survival and to avoid long-term sequelae. Targeted therapy may reduce side effects and development of antibiotic resistance. New molecular-based syndromic tests such as the “meningitis/encephalitis panel” (MEP) allow accelerated pathogen identification from cerebrospinal fluid. We conducted a clinical study to evaluate the MEP’s efficacy in paediatric patients.
Methods
Cohort study in a unique clinical setting by comparing the outcome data of two neighbouring Children’s Hospitals in Germany which are comparable in size, catchment area and equipment but differ regarding availability of the MEP: study centre 1 (SC1): yes; SC2: no. The study population included 213 paediatric patients with a suspected iCNS (SC1: 106; SC2: 107), with comparable age, CRP at admission and frequency of intensive care. The primary outcome was total use of antibiotics.
Results
Total antibiotic use per patient was numerically lower in SC1 than in SC2 (SC1: median 2.83 days; SC2 3.67 days; p = 0.671). Multiple linear regression analysis did not show a relevant association between MEP-availability and total antibiotic use (ß = 0.1, 95% confidence interval [−1.46; +1.67], p = 0.897). In the subcohort with suspected meningoencephalitis (SC1: 18, SC2: 17), duration of acyclovir treatment was shorter in SC1 than in SC2 (median 1.3 days vs. 2.7 days, descriptive p = 0.0397).
Conclusions
The add-on use of the MEP in paediatric patients with suspected iCNS was associated with a non-significant reduction in total antibiotic use, and with a reduced exposure to acyclovir in treated patients.
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Beate Schmoele-Thoma, Agnieszka M. Zareba, Qin Jiang, Mohan S. Maddur, Rana Danaf, Alex Mann, Kingsley Eze, Juin Fok-Seang, Golam Kabir, Andrew Catchpole, Daniel A. Scott, Alejandra C. Gurtman, Kathrin U. Jansen, William C. Gruber, Philip R. Dormitzer, Kena A. Swanson
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 386, Issue 25, Page 2377-2386, June 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Stephen Morrissey
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 386, Issue 25, Page 2438-2440, June 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalini DeSilva, Jacob Haapala, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Kimberly K. Vesco, Matthew F. Daley, Darios Getahun, Ousseny Zerbo, Allison Naleway, Jennifer C. Nelson, Joshua T.B. Williams, Simon J. Hambidge, Thomas G. Boyce, Candace C. Fuller, Heather S. Lipkind, Eric Weintraub, Michael M. McNeil, Elyse O. Kharbanda
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Nicole P. Hachmann, Jessica Miller, Ai-ris Y. Collier, John D. Ventura, Jingyou Yu, Marjorie Rowe, Esther A. Bondzie, Olivia Powers, Nehalee Surve, Kevin Hall, Dan H. Barouch
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Sonja A. Rasmussen, Denise J. Jamieson
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Natasha B. Halasa, Samantha M. Olson, Mary A. Staat, Margaret M. Newhams, Ashley M. Price, Pia S. Pannaraj, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Kathleen Chiotos, Melissa A. Cameron, Katherine E. Bline, Charlotte V. Hobbs, Aline B. Maddux, Bria M. Coates, Kelly N. Michelson, Sabrina M. Heidemann, Katherine Irby, Ryan A. Nofziger, Elizabeth H. Mack, Laura Smallcomb, Stephanie P. Schwartz, Tracie C. Walker, Shira J. Gertz, Jennifer E. Schuster, Satoshi Kamidani, Keiko M. Tarquinio, Samina S. Bhumbra, Mia Maamari, Janet R. Hume, Hillary Crandall, Emily R. Levy, Matt S. Zinter, Tamara T. Bradford, Heidi R. Flori, Melissa L. Cullimore, Michele Kong, Natalie Z. Cvijanovich, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Kara N. Polen, Angela P. Campbell, Adrienne G. Randolph, Manish M. Patel
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Gen Miao, Haoran Peng, Hailin Tang, Yangang Liu, Xu Zheng, Bin Liu, Liangliang Jiang, Wanda Tang, Yanhua He, Yan Liu, Hao Ren, Ping Zhao, Zhongtian Qi, Cuiling Ding
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Jule Rüter, Srinivas Reddy Pallerla, Christian G. Meyer, Nicolas Casadei, Michael Sonnabend, Silke Peter, Dennis Nurjadi, Le Thi Kieu Linh, Rolf Fendel, Siri Göpel, Olaf Riess, Peter G Kremsner, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Maria Skaalum Petersen, Marnar Fríðheim Kristiansen, Katrin Dahl Hanusson, Billa Mouritsardóttir Foldbo, Marjun Eivindardóttir Danielsen, Bjarni á Steig, Shahin Gaini, Marin Strøm, Pál Weihe
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Melissa M Higdon, Anurima Baidya, Karoline K Walter, Minal K Patel, Hanane Issa, Emmanuelle Espié, Daniel R Feikin, Maria Deloria Knoll
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
We recently conducted a systematic review and meta-regression of the duration of effectiveness of primary series COVID-19 vaccination against clinical outcomes before the predominance of the omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant.1 Here we assess the duration of vaccine protection, after a primary vaccine series and after the first booster dose, against omicron, the current predominant variant, using the same methods.1
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGanggang Zhao, Yun Ling, Yajuan Su, Zanyu Chen, Cherian J. Mathai, Ogheneobarome Emeje, Alexander Brown, Dinesh Reddy Alla, Jie Huang, Chansong Kim, Qian Chen, Xiaoqing He, David Stalla, Yadong Xu, Zehua Chen, Pai-Yen Chen, Shubhra Gangopadhyay, Jingwei Xie, Zheng Yan
Science Advances, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/25'>Volume 8, Issue 25</a>, June 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
A recent publication in BMC Infectious Diseases concerning the use of convalescent plasma for the treatment of COVID-19 had a number of major issues. This correspondence details specific instances of unclear reporting as well as major omissions when discussing the context of the trial. These render the study's findings and conclusions misleading.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Cervicofacial space infections are potentially life-threatening, which require accurate diagnosis, early incision, and adequate drainage. The utilization of computed tomography (CT) in cervicofacial space infections has significantly increased for its advantages in the evaluation of abscesses, its availability, and low cost. However, the clinical value of preoperative CT imaging in cervicofacial space infections remains controversial for its poor specificity, radiation exposure, potential complications, and extra cost. We, therefore, investigated whether CT examination should be used as a routine examination in the treatment of patients with cervicofacial space infections.
Methods
A retrospective study of all patients affected by cervicofacial space infections that received incision and drainage surgery from Jan 2016 to Dec 2020 was performed at West China Hospital of Stomatology at Sichuan University. Patients were divided into two groups: the group with preoperative CT and without preoperative CT. Outcomes, including reoperation rate, missed diagnosis rate, days of symptom relief, length of stay, duration of surgery, and total cost of hospitalization, were analyzed.
Results
Out of n = 153 patients, 108 patients underwent surgery with preoperative CT and 45 patients without preoperative CT. The reoperation rate in the preoperative CT group (6/108, 5.6%) was significantly lower (P = 0.00) than that in the group without preoperative CT (10/45, 22.2%). Significant reduction of missed diagnosis rate (P = 0.00), days of symptom relief (P = 0.01), length of stay(P = 0.03), and duration of surgery (P = 0.01) were detected in the preoperative CT group. The results demonstrated that the utilization of preoperative CT can reduce the missed diagnosis rate and repeated surgery complications.
Conclusions
We recommend preoperative CT as a routine examination in cervicofacial space infections.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Although the World Health Organization reports that the incidence of tuberculosis in China is decreasing every year, the burden of tuberculosis in China is still very heavy. Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of tuberculosis in China and its influencing environmental factors will provide effective reference for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
Methods
Data of TB incidence from 2010 to 2017 were collected. Time series and global spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of tuberculosis incidence in China, Geodetector and Geographically Weighted Regression model were used to analyze the environmental factors affecting the TB incidence.
Results
In addition to 2007 and 2008, the TB incidence decreased in general. TB has a strong spatial aggregation. Cities in Northwest China have been showing a trend of high-value aggregation. In recent years, the center of gravity of high-value aggregation area in South China has moved further south. Temperature, humidity, precipitation, PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2 and SO2 have impacts on TB incidence, and in different regions, the environmental factors show regional differences.
Conclusions
Residents should pay more attention to the risk of developing TB caused by climate change and air pollutant exposure. Increased efforts should be placed on areas with high-value clustering in future public resource configurations.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can cause sensorineural hearing loss and neurodevelopmental disabilities in children. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir (GCV/VGCV) improve long-term audiologic and neurodevelopmental outcomes for patients with cCMV infection; however, antiviral drug resistance has been documented in some cases. Long-read sequencing can be used for the detection of drug resistance mutations. The objective of this study was to develop full-length analysis of UL97 and UL54, target genes with mutations that confer GCV/VGCV resistance using long-read sequencing, and investigate drug resistance mutation in patients with cCMV infection.
Methods
Drug resistance mutation analysis was retrospectively performed in 11 patients with cCMV infection treated with GCV/VGCV. UL97 and UL54 genes were amplified using blood DNA. The amplicons were sequenced using a long-read sequencer and aligned with the reference gene. Single nucleotide variants were detected and replaced with the reference sequence. The replaced sequence was submitted to a mutation resistance analyzer, which is an open platform for drug resistance mutations.
Results
Two drug resistance mutations (UL54 V823A and UL97 A594V) were found in one patient. Both mutations emerged after 6 months of therapy, where viral load increased. Mutation rates subsided after cessation of GCV/VGCV treatment.
Conclusions
Antiviral drug resistance can emerge in patients with cCMV receiving long-term therapy. Full-length analysis of UL97 and UL54 via long-read sequencing enabled the rapid and comprehensive detection of drug resistance mutations.
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Soyoung Ha, Kyungmin Huh, Doo Ryeon Chung, Jae-Hoon Ko, Sun Young Cho, Hee Jae Huh, Nam Yong Lee, Cheol-In Kang, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Hoon Song, Korean Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (KARS-Net) investigators
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
Vancomycin and teicoplanin are glycopeptides with activity against Enterococcus faecium. However, studies on the clinical efficacy of teicoplanin are limited. The present study was aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of teicoplanin and vancomycin in E. faecium bacteremia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedErla S. Sigurðardóttir, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benediktsdottir, Steinar Hustad, Payam Dadvand, Pascal Demoly, Karl A. Franklin, Joachim Heinrich, Mathias Holm, Diana A. van der Plaat, Rain Jõgi, Benedicte Leynaert, Eva Lindberg, Jesus Martinez-Moratalla, Leire Sainz De Aja, Giancarlo Pesce, Isabelle Pin, Chantal Raherison, Antonio Pereira-Vega, Francisco Gómez Real, Kai Triebner
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
by Erla S. Sigurðardóttir, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benediktsdottir, Steinar Hustad, Payam Dadvand, Pascal Demoly, Karl A. Franklin, Joachim Heinrich, Mathias Holm, Diana A. van der Plaat, Rain Jõgi, Benedicte Leynaert, Eva Lindberg, Jesus Martinez-Moratalla, Leire Sainz De Aja, Giancarlo Pesce, Isabelle Pin, Chantal Raherison, Antonio Pereira-Vega, Francisco Gómez Real, Kai Triebner
Background The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is higher in women after menopause. This is suggested to be a result of an altered sex hormone balance but has so far not been confirmed in a population-based study. Objective To investigate whether serum concentration of estrogens and progesterone are associated with the prevalence of sleep apnea symptoms in middle-aged women of the general population. Methods We analyzed data from 774 women (40–67 years) from 15 study centers in seven countries participating in the second follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (2010–2012). Multiple logistic regression models were fitted with self-reported symptoms of sleep apnea as outcomes and serum concentrations of various estrogens and progesterone as predictors. All analyses were adjusted for relevant covariates including age, BMI, education, study center, smoking habits, and reproductive age. Results Among all included women, a doubling of serum concentrations of estrone and progesterone was associated with 19% respectively 9% decreased odds of snoring. Among snorers, a doubling of the concentrations of 17β-estradiol, estrone and estrone 3-sulfate was associated with 18%, 23% and 17% decreased odds of breathing irregularly, and a doubling of the progesterone concentration was further associated with 12% decreased odds of waking up suddenly with a chocking sensation. Other evaluated associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions Middle-aged women with low serum estrogen and progesterone levels are more likely to snore and report symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea.
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