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1
Establishment and application of a quadruple real-time RT-PCR for detecting avian metapneumovirus
Suchun Wang, Nan Jiang, Lijian Jiang, Qingye Zhuang, Qiong Chen, Guangyu Hou, Zhiyu Xiao, Ran Zhao, Yang Li, Chenglong Zhao, Fuyou Zhang, Jianmin Yu, Jinping Li, Hualei Liu, Fuliang Sun, Kaicheng Wang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Suchun Wang, Nan Jiang, Lijian Jiang, Qingye Zhuang, Qiong Chen, Guangyu Hou, Zhiyu Xiao, Ran Zhao, Yang Li, Chenglong Zhao, Fuyou Zhang, Jianmin Yu, Jinping Li, Hualei Liu, Fuliang Sun, Kaicheng Wang
In order to develop an appropriate method for high-throughput detection of avian metapneumovirus, a quadruple real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was established with four pairs of specific primers and four specific probes based on the G or M gene of aMPV-A, aMPV-B, aMPV-C and aMPV-D. Its specificity and sensitivity were evaluated, and clinical samples were tested by the method. The results showed that all the four subgroups of avian metapneumovirus can be detected in the quadruple real-time RT-PCR assay simultaneously, with a detection limit of 100–1000 cRNA copies/reaction. The other common poultry viruses were negative. In the avian clinical sample detection, 39 out of 1920 clinical samples collected from 8 provinces were positive. Compared with published RT-PCR assays, the κ value of the quadruple real-time RT-PCR assay in 1920 avian clinical samples was 1.000 (P < 0.001). The established method could be used for the rapid detection of the four subgroups of avian metapneumovirus with high specificity and high sensitivity.
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2
Development of a nested PCR assay for detecting Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum fructicola on symptomless strawberry plants
Pei-Che Chung, Hung-Yi Wu, Yi-Chia Chen, Ting-Hsuan Hung, Chia-Lin Chung
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Pei-Che Chung, Hung-Yi Wu, Yi-Chia Chen, Ting-Hsuan Hung, Chia-Lin Chung
Anthracnose is a major disease of strawberry that seriously impacts the strawberry industry. To prevent the spread of anthracnose through symptomless plants, it is important to detect pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. at the latent infection stage in the nursery. Previous PCR-based methods developed for the diagnosis or detection of Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides have used primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA, β-tubulin gene, or mating type gene. In this study, to specifically detect Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum fructicola, the most predominant and virulent Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose in Taiwan, we conducted a comparative genomics analysis of 29 Colletotrichum spp. and identified a non-conserved 1157-bp intergenic region suitable for designing specific primers for a nested PCR assay. In silico analysis and actual tests suggested that the new nested PCR assay could detect pathogenic C. siamense and C. fructicola, but not other strawberry pathogens (Botrytis sp., Fusarium spp., Neopestalotiopsis rosae, and Phytophthora sp.) or ubiquitous saprophytes (Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp.). The inner to outer primer ratio was optimized to 1:10 to eliminate unexpected bands and enhance the signal. The assay could detect as little as 1 pg of C. siamense genomic DNA, which corresponds to ~15 cells. Application of the new detection assay on 747 leaf samples collected from 18 strawberry nurseries in 2019 and 2020 showed that an average of 20% of strawberry mother plants in Taiwan were latently infected by C. siamense or C. fructicola. The newly developed assay is being applied to facilitate the production of healthy strawberry runner plants in Taiwan.
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3
Repeated information of benefits reduces COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy: Experimental evidence from Germany
Maximilian Nicolaus Burger, Matthias Mayer, Ivo Steimanis
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Maximilian Nicolaus Burger, Matthias Mayer, Ivo Steimanis
Background Many countries, such as Germany, struggle to vaccinate enough people against COVID-19 despite the availability of safe and efficient vaccines. With new variants emerging and the need for booster vaccinations, overcoming vaccination hesitancy gains importance. The research to date has revealed some promising, albeit contentious, interventions to increase vaccination intention. However, these have yet to be tested for their effectiveness in increasing vaccination rates. Methods & results We conducted a preregistered survey experiment with N = 1,324 participants in Germany in May/June 2021. This was followed by a series of emails reminding participants to get vaccinated in August and concluded with a follow-up survey in September. We experimentally assess whether debunking vaccination myths, highlighting the benefits of being vaccinated, or sending vaccination reminders decreases hesitancy. In the survey experiment, we find no increase in the intention to vaccinate regardless of the information provided. However, communicating vaccination benefits over several weeks reduced the likelihood of not being vaccinated by 9 percentage points, which translates into a 27% reduction compared to the control group. Debunking vaccination myths and reminders alone also decreased the likelihood, yet not significantly. Discussion Our findings suggest that if soft governmental interventions such as information campaigns are employed, highlighting benefits should be given preference over debunking vaccination myths. Furthermore, it seems that repeated messages affect vaccination action while one-time messages might be insufficient, even for increasing vaccination intentions. Our study highlights the importance of testing interventions outside of survey experiments that are limited to measuring vaccination intentions—not actions—and immediate changes in attitudes and intentions—not long-term changes.
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4
SARS-CoV-2 Exposures of Healthcare Workers from Primary Care, Long-Term Care Facilities and Hospitals: A Nationwide Matched Case-Control Study
Martin Belan, Tiffany Charmet, Laura Schaeffer, Sarah Tubiana, Xavier Duval, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Arnaud Fontanet, Gabriel Birgand, Solen Kernéis
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This study assessed the roles of various exposures and personal protective equipment (PPE) use on healthcare workers’risk (HCWs) of COVID-19 working in primary care, long-term-care facilities or hospitals.
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5
Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of pvmdr-1 in Plasmodium vivax isolated from military personnel of Republic of Korea in 2016 and 2017
Malaria Journal, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Malaria chemoprophylaxis using chloroquine (CQ) and primaquine (PQ) has been administered to resident soldiers in the 3rd Army of Republic of Korea (ROK) to prevent malaria infection since the year 1997. Due to mass chemoprophylaxis against malaria, concern exists about the occurrence of chloroquine resistance (CQR). This study aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Plasmodium vivax multi-drug resistance protein-1 (pvmdr-1) gene to monitor the risk of CQR.
Methods
SNPs of the pvmdr-1 gene were analysed in 73 soldiers of the 3rd Army of ROK diagnosed with infection by P. vivax.
Results
Quintuple mutations (G698S, L845F, M908L, T958M, and F1076L) were detected in 73 soldiers. A newly identified non-synonymous mutation in the Y541C position had been introduced into P. vivax malaria-endemic areas in ROK, at a frequency of 1.3% (1/73). In addition, synonymous mutations were detected at positions K44 (38.4%, 28/73), L493 (26%, 19/73), T529 (61.6%, 45/73), and E1233 (52.1%, 38/73). Based on these SNPs, pvmdr-1 sequences of ROK were classified into 6 haplotypes. The phylogenetic analysis closed to the type of North Korean showed that P. vivax malaria of ROK could be a reason of influx from North Korea.
Conclusions
This study showed that synonymous and non-synonymous mutations of pvmdr-1 were observed in the malaria chemoprophylaxis-executed regions of ROK from 2016 to 2017. Based on the rapid transition of pvmdr-1 SNPs, continuous surveillance for SNPs of pvmdr-1 related to CQR in the malaria-endemic regions of ROK is essential.
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6
Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Dengue: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Gabriel Cavalcante Lima Chagas,
Amanda Ribeiro Rangel,
Luísa Macambira Noronha,
Felipe Camilo Santiago Veloso,
Samir Buainain Kassar,
Michelle Jacintha Cavalcante Oliveira,
Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses,
Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior,
Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
7
Endothelial biomarkers as predictors for hemodialysis need in severe leptospirosis patients (Weil’s disease)
Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses,
Pedro Eduardo Andrade de Carvalho Gomes,
Gabriela Studart Galdino,
Gabriela Freire Bezerra,
Ranieri Sales de Souza Santos,
Alice Maria Costa Martins,
Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior,
Alexandre Braga Libório,
Roberto da Justa Pires Neto,
Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
8
Hansenapp: development of a mobile application to assist primary healthcare providers to control leprosy
Daniella Pontes Matos,
Mateus Dantas Torres,
Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues da Silva,
Carlos Alberto Andrade Serra dos Santos,
Francisca Jacinta Feitoza de Oliveira,
Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo,
Maria Aparecida Alves de Oliveira Serra
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
9
The ADP-Heptose Biosynthesis Enzyme GmhB is a Conserved Gram-Negative Bacteremia Fitness Factor
Caitlyn L. Holmes,
Sara N. Smith,
Stephen J. Gurczynski,
Geoffrey B. Severin,
Lavinia V. Unverdorben,
Jay Vornhagen,
Harry L. T. Mobley,
Michael A. Bachman
aDepartment of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Schoolgrid.471406.0, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Schoolgrid.471406.0, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,
Nancy E. Freitag
Infection and Immunity, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
10
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19–Associated ARDS Who Underwent Lung Transplant
Rudym D, Chang SH, Angel LF.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
To the Editor A recent study reported impressive outcomes in 30 patients who underwent lung transplant for COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, we wonder whether some patients in this cohort may not have needed a lung transplant if given more time to recover.
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11
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19–Associated ARDS Who Underwent Lung Transplant—Reply
Manerikar A, Budinger G, Bharat A.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
In Reply Institutional and national cohort studies have reported the success of lung transplant for COVID-19–associated ARDS. However, given the unpredictable trajectory of patients with COVID-19–associated ARDS and the lack of clinically available biomarkers of permanent lung injury, referral for lung transplant requires careful evaluation of pulmonary physiology, radiographic and histologic changes, medical course, and treatment response. Furthermore, lung transplant referral should only be considered after sufficient time has passed from the onset of ARDS and after longitudinal multidisciplinary evaluation indicates that lung recovery or successful liberation from life support is unlikely.
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12
Single-Dose Clindamycin Gel Highly Effective for Bacterial Vaginosis
Slomski A.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
A single dose of vaginal clindamycin gel successfully treated most women with bacterial vaginosis, including those with recurrent disease, a recent trial reported. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the bioadhesive extended-release gel, marketed as Xaciato, in 2021 to treat bacterial vaginosis. The recent study, published in Obstetrics & Gynecology, assessed efficacy based on the percentage of participants who were considered clinically cured.
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13
A Patient With Jaundice and Malaise
Pearlman BL.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
A woman with a history of intravenous heroin use and chronic inactive hepatitis B virus infection had sudden onset of painless jaundice and malaise. Vital signs, mentation, and physical examination were normal except for scleral icterus; she reported no history of travel outside the US and no raw meat ingestion; aminotransferase and bilirubin levels were newly elevated, but she had no acute hepatitis A or C virus infection. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
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14
The Mystery of Why COVID-19 Rebounds in Some Patients Who Take Paxlovid
Rubin R.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This Medical News feature examines the unexpected phenomenon of symptoms and positive test results recurring in Paxlovid users who’d a few days earlier felt fine and tested negative.
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15
COVID-19 in 2022—The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?
del Rio C, Malani PN.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This Viewpoint discusses how variants and subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 will affect the continually changing COVID-19 pandemic and the ways in which the spread of COVID-19 can be controlled.
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16
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Waves in Israel
Levy N, Koppel JH, Kaplan O, et al.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This study examines outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variant waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel.
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17
Patient Information: Oral Antiviral Medications for COVID-19
Petty LA, Malani PN.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This JAMA Patient Page describes 2 new oral antiviral medications that are available for patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are not hospitalized but are at high risk of developing severe disease.
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18
Cumulative seroprevalence among healthcare workers after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador, Central America
Yu Nakagama, Maria-Virginia Rodriguez-Funes, Rhina Dominguez, Katherine-Sofia Candray-Medina, Naoto Uemura, Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba, Yuko Nitahara, Natsuko Kaku, Akira Kaneko, Yasutoshi Kido
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has threatened the public health systems worldwide. Its impact, however, has been under-evaluated in most low- and middle-income countries, including regions in Central America [1]. We launched a seroepidemiological survey, extending from end-January to mid-February 2021, at a tertiary care referral hospital located in the capital city of El Salvador, where a large number of confirmed and far more suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 affected healthcare workers (HCWs) had been documented during the first wave of the pandemic.
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19
Risk Factors of Recurrent Infection in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: a Competing Risk Analysis
Seongman Bae,
Eun Sil Kim,
Hee Seung Kim,
Eunmi Yang,
Hyemin Chung,
Yun Woo Lee,
Jiwon Jung,
Min Jae Kim,
Yong Pil Chong,
Sung-Han Kim,
Sang-Ho Choi,
Sang-Oh Lee,
Yang Soo Kim
aDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Centergrid.413967.e, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
bCenter for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
20
Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from pre and asymptomatic infected individuals: a systematic review update
Tom Jefferson, Elizabeth A. Spencer, Igho J. Onakpoya, Annette Plu¨ddemann, John M. Conly, Carl J. Heneghan
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
SARS-CoV-2 transmission is still incompletely understood, and the relative contribution and importance of transmission from individuals without COVID-19 symptoms remains unclear.
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21
Implementing the Lolli-Method and pooled RT-qPCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in schools: a pilot project
Infection, 27.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
Abstract
Purpose
School closures have been used as part of lockdown strategies to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, adversely affecting children’s health and education. To ensure the accessibility of educational institutions without exposing society to the risk of increased transmissions, it is essential to establish SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies that are child-friendly, scalable and implementable in a daily school routine. Self-sampling using non-invasive saliva swabs combined with pooled RT-qPCR testing (Lolli-Method) has been proven to be a sensitive method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
Methods
We conducted a pilot project in Cologne, Germany, designed to determine the feasibility of a large-scale rollout of the Lolli-Method for testing without any additional on-site medical staff in schools. Over a period of three weeks, students from 22 schools were sampled using the Lolli-Method. At the end of the project, teachers were asked to evaluate the overall acceptance of the project.
Results
We analyzed a total of 757 pooled RT-qPCRs obtained from 8,287 individual swabs and detected 7 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. The Lolli-Method was shown to be a feasible and accepted testing strategy whose application is only slightly disruptive to the daily school routine.
Conclusion
Our observations suggest that the Lolli-Method in combination with pooled RT-qPCR can be implemented for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in daily school routine, applicable on a large scale.
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22
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with a History of VITT
Linda Schönborn, Sabrina E. Seck, Thomas Thiele, Theodore E. Warkentin, Andreas Greinacher
New England Journal of Medicine, 27.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
23
Evaluation of the inoculum effect of new antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
Maxime Danjean, Claire Amaris Hobson, Maud Gits-Muselli, C. Courroux, A. Monjault, S. Bonacorsi, A. Birgy
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
New antibiotics have been developed to treat multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales. We evaluated the impact of the inoculum size on MICs of recently commercialized antibiotics.
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24
The diagnostic and prognostic value of serum exosome‐derived carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 in HEV‐related acute liver failure patients
Ze Xiang, Bin Jiang, Wei Li, Guanghua Zhai, Hao Zhou, Ying Wang, Jian Wu
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
25
Pediatric and Adolescent COVID‐19 Vaccination Side Effects: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Iranian Teenage group in 2021
Nader Tavakoli, Nahid Nafissi, Sima Shokri, Morteza Fallahpour, Sanaz Soleimani, Taghi Riahi, Saeed Kalantari, Alireza Javan, Azadeh Goodarzi, Rohollah Valizadeh
Journal of Medical Virology, 27.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
26
Disinfection and Decontamination in the Context of SARS‐CoV‐2 Specific Data
Nevio Cimolai
Journal of Medical Virology, 27.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022