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Margaret Ryan, Jay Montgomery
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 12.04.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
In the midst of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, rapid development of highly effective vaccines was enthusiastically welcomed. Unfortunately, myopericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination was an unanticipated adverse event. In The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Ryan Ruiyang Ling and colleagues commendably review the risk of this adverse event in the context of risk after other vaccines.1 Their study provides an important perspective on the historical global experience with cardiac adverse events after vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlex Horsley, Chris Brightling, Jane Davies, Ratko Djukanovic, Liam G Heaney, Tracy Hussell, Stefan J Marciniak, Lorcan McGarvey, Joanna C Porter, Thomas Wilkinson, Ling-Pei Ho, NIHR Respiratory Translational Research Collaboration network
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 14.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
The first cases of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China. Within 2 months, WHO had declared a public health emergency and the first cases were detected in the UK. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 caused widespread disruption across society and health care, and left little time to plan and design research needed in the context of a new pandemic. Some studies (eg, ISARIC and REMAP-CAP) had pre-existing protocols that were rapidly adjusted, but in most instances, new research studies and clinical trials had to be set up rapidly to respond to the unique environment and challenges created by COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Munblit, Danilo Buonsenso, Louise Sigfrid, Susanne J H Vijverberg, Caroline L H Brackel
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 15.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
A rapidly increasing number of studies worldwide is investigating the frequency, characteristics, and risk factors of post-COVID-19 condition (also commonly known as long COVID) in adults1 and in children and young people.2 Some studies are also aiming to evaluate underlying mechanisms and treatment interventions in these populations. However, multiple methodological limitations have been highlighted, including a lack of standardisation of terminology and definitions1,3 and the absence of an agreed set of research and clinical outcomes that should be routinely assessed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMargaret S Herridge, Élie Azoulay
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 16.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
On Oct 6, 2021, WHO recognised the need to codify the post-COVID-19 condition and formalised the cataloguing of diverse symptoms and multisystem sequelae after COVID-19. Symptoms of post-COVID-19 condition include fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction, and symptoms interfering with daily functioning. These symptoms can remit or relapse over time, but persist for at least 2 months and occur 3 months after the initial COVID-19 illness.1
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Munblit, Margaret E O'Hara, Athena Akrami, Elisa Perego, Piero Olliaro, Dale M Needham
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 5.05.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
The spectrum of signs and symptoms that can newly occur and persist for months to years after SARS-CoV-2 infection was initially named long COVID. This term was collectively created by the patient community in the spring of 2020,1 and was later followed by other terms, such as post-COVID-19 condition, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and post-COVID syndrome.2 This condition can affect different organs and body systems, with a wide range of signs and symptoms reported. Given the magnitude of the sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is essential to agree upon the nomenclature and definition to assess its incidence, subtypes, and severity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStephen Fowler, Jayesh Bhatt, Sarah Brown, Louise Fleming, Sarah Mayell, Ian Sinha, Andrew Bush
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 12.05.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
John Bunyan coined the phrase “The Captain of all these the men of death” and applied it to consumption (ie, tuberculosis); Sir William Osler subsequently applied the phrase (“Captain of the men of death”) to pneumonia in the pre-antibiotic era; but both diseases gave way to tobacco-related lung disease, which now has the unanswerable claim on that title. Eventually, the pioneering work of Sir Richard Doll and many others was recognised, demonstrating the toll of premature death caused by the tobacco industry, but only after many decades of harm.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMark G Thompson, Benjamin J Cowling
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 29.04.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Many of the current questions on the public health and research aspects of the future of COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine strategies have been topics of research and debate in the influenza vaccine literature for decades. Here, we describe how the lessons learned from the study of repeated influenza vaccinations might apply to the evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines, and the prospect of future seasonal or periodic booster vaccinations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSara Y Tartof, Jeff M Slezak, Laura Puzniak, Vennis Hong, Fagen Xie, Bradley K Ackerson, Srinivas R Valluri, Luis Jodar, John M. McLaughlin
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 7.05.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Our previous data showed early signs of waning effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine against omicron (B.1.1.529) variant-related hospital and emergency department admission 3 months or longer after receipt of a third dose in US adults aged 18 years and older.1 The omicron-specific data in that report were from Dec 1, 2021, through to Feb 6, 2022—a period that included the first half of the omicron wave.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTalha Burki
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 25.05.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
In comments to Bloomberg published on May 3, 2022, Pfizer chief executive officer Albert Bourla suggested that patients who experience a relapse of symptoms after finishing a course of the company's COVID-19 antiviral, Paxlovid, should take a second course of the drug. Yet the emergency use authorisation issued by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stipulates that Paxlovid is “not authorized for use longer than five consecutive days”. On May 4, John Farley, director of the Office of Infectious Diseases at the FDA, reiterated this message.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPriya Venkatesan
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 24.05.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Global attention is still focused on coronaviruses as the COVID-19 pandemic continues. In a keynote lecture at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) 2022, Malik Peiris (The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China) discussed the emergence of coronaviruses and the threats that they pose.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMunyaradzi Makoni
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 25.05.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
At the end of March, 2022, many African countries had partially reduced COVID-19 surveillance and quarantine measures. The number of COVID-19 cases across the continent have declined since the peak of the fourth wave, driven by the omicron variant in early January, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLancet Respiratory Medicine, 11.05.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Ling RR, Ramanathan K, Tan FL, et al. Myopericarditis folloswing COVID-19 vaccination and non-COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10: 679–88—In the table of this Article, under the “Age” category, the subcategory “>30 years” should have been labelled “≥30 years”, and the subcategory “≥30 years” should have been labelled “
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLancet Respiratory Medicine, 11.05.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Daynes E. Treating COVID-19-related breathlessness with novel interventions. Lancet Respir Med 2022; published online April 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00161-8. The copyright license for this Comment has been updated to Crown Copyright. This correction has been made to the online version as of May 10, 2022, and will be made to the printed version.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTalha Burki
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 12.05.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
“With respect to your illegal act of publishing untruthful information on the internet, this letter serves as a warning and a reprimand. Your behaviour has seriously violated social order. Your behaviour has gone beyond the limit permitted by law.” Letter issued to Li Wenliang by the Wuchang District Police Station, after Li told members of his WeChat network about the appearance of a novel coronavirus in late 2019. Li, an ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital, died from COVID-19 early in February, 2020.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRyan Ruiyang Ling, Kollengode Ramanathan, Felicia Liying Tan, Bee Choo Tai, Jyoti Somani, Dale Fisher, Graeme MacLaren
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 12.04.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
The overall risk of myopericarditis after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine is low. However, younger males have an increased incidence of myopericarditis, particularly after receiving mRNA vaccines. Nevertheless, the risks of such rare adverse events should be balanced against the risks of COVID-19 infection (including myopericarditis).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSara Y Tartof, Jeff M Slezak, Laura Puzniak, Vennis Hong, Fagen Xie, Bradley K Ackerson, Srinivas R Valluri, Luis Jodar, John M McLaughlin
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 23.04.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Three doses of BNT162b2 conferred high protection against hospital and emergency department admission due to both the delta and omicron variants in the first 3 months after vaccination. However, 3 months after receipt of a third dose, waning was apparent against SARS-CoV-2 outcomes due to the omicron variant, including hospital admission. Additional doses of current, adapted, or novel COVD-19 vaccines might be needed to maintain high levels of protection against subsequent waves of SARS-CoV-2 caused by the omicron variant or future variants with similar escape potential.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJonathan D Casey, Laura M Beskow, Jeremy Brown, Samuel M Brown, Étienne Gayat, Michelle Ng Gong, Michael O Harhay, Samir Jaber, Jacob C Jentzer, Pierre-François Laterre, John C Marshall, Michael A Matthay, Todd W Rice, Yves Rosenberg, Alison E Turnbull, Lorraine B Ware, Wesley H Self, Alexandre Mebazaa, Sean P Collins
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 14.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Unique challenges arise when conducting trials to evaluate therapies already in common clinical use, including difficulty enrolling patients owing to widespread open-label use of trial therapies and the need for large sample sizes to detect small but clinically meaningful treatment effects. Despite numerous successes in trials evaluating novel interventions such as vaccines, traditional explanatory trials have struggled to provide definitive answers to time-sensitive questions for acutely ill patients with COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Munblit, Timothy Nicholson, Athena Akrami, Christian Apfelbacher, Jessica Chen, Wouter De Groote, Janet V Diaz, Sarah L Gorst, Nicola Harman, Alisa Kokorina, Piero Olliaro, Callum Parr, Jacobus Preller, Nicoline Schiess, Jochen Schmitt, Nina Seylanova, Frances Simpson, Allison Tong, Dale M Needham, Paula R Williamson, PC-COS project steering committee
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 15.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Health consequences that persist beyond the acute infection phase of COVID-19, termed post-COVID-19 condition (also commonly known as long COVID), vary widely and represent a growing global health challenge. Research on post-COVID-19 condition is expanding but, at present, no agreement exists on the health outcomes that should be measured in people living with the condition. To address this gap, we conducted an international consensus study, which included a comprehensive literature review and classification of outcomes for post-COVID-19 condition that informed a two-round online modified Delphi process followed by an online consensus meeting to finalise the core outcome set (COS).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Abstract
Background
The G8 rotavirus genotype has been detected frequently in children in many countries and even became the predominant strain in sub-Saharan African countries, while there are currently no reports from China. In this study we described the genetic characteristics and evolutionary relationship between rotavirus strains from Guangzhou in China and the epidemic rotavirus strains derived from GenBank, 2020–2021.
Methods
Virus isolation and subsequent next-generation sequencing were performed for confirmed G8P[8] specimens. The genetic characteristics and evolutionary relationship were analyzed in comparison with epidemic rotavirus sequences obtained from GenBank.
Results
The two Guangzhou G8 strains were DS-1-like with the closest genetic distance to strains circulating in Southeast Asia. The VP7 genes of the two strains were derived from a human, not an animal G8 rotavirus. Large genetic distances in several genes suggested that the Guangzhou strains may not have been transmitted directly from Southeast Asian countries, but have emerged following reassortment events.
Conclusions
We report the whole genome sequence information of G8P[8] rotaviruses recently detected in China; their clinical and epidemiological significance remains to be explored further.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Tyler N. Starr , Allison J. Greaney , William W. Hannon , Andrea N. Loes , Kevin Hauser , Josh R. Dillen , Elena Ferri , Ariana Ghez Farrell , Bernadeta Dadonaite , Matthew McCallum , Kenneth A. Matreyek , Davide Corti , David Veesler , Gyorgy Snell , Jesse D. Bloom
Science, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
Suchun Wang, Nan Jiang, Lijian Jiang, Qingye Zhuang, Qiong Chen, Guangyu Hou, Zhiyu Xiao, Ran Zhao, Yang Li, Chenglong Zhao, Fuyou Zhang, Jianmin Yu, Jinping Li, Hualei Liu, Fuliang Sun, Kaicheng Wang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Suchun Wang, Nan Jiang, Lijian Jiang, Qingye Zhuang, Qiong Chen, Guangyu Hou, Zhiyu Xiao, Ran Zhao, Yang Li, Chenglong Zhao, Fuyou Zhang, Jianmin Yu, Jinping Li, Hualei Liu, Fuliang Sun, Kaicheng Wang
In order to develop an appropriate method for high-throughput detection of avian metapneumovirus, a quadruple real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was established with four pairs of specific primers and four specific probes based on the G or M gene of aMPV-A, aMPV-B, aMPV-C and aMPV-D. Its specificity and sensitivity were evaluated, and clinical samples were tested by the method. The results showed that all the four subgroups of avian metapneumovirus can be detected in the quadruple real-time RT-PCR assay simultaneously, with a detection limit of 100–1000 cRNA copies/reaction. The other common poultry viruses were negative. In the avian clinical sample detection, 39 out of 1920 clinical samples collected from 8 provinces were positive. Compared with published RT-PCR assays, the κ value of the quadruple real-time RT-PCR assay in 1920 avian clinical samples was 1.000 (P < 0.001). The established method could be used for the rapid detection of the four subgroups of avian metapneumovirus with high specificity and high sensitivity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPei-Che Chung, Hung-Yi Wu, Yi-Chia Chen, Ting-Hsuan Hung, Chia-Lin Chung
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Pei-Che Chung, Hung-Yi Wu, Yi-Chia Chen, Ting-Hsuan Hung, Chia-Lin Chung
Anthracnose is a major disease of strawberry that seriously impacts the strawberry industry. To prevent the spread of anthracnose through symptomless plants, it is important to detect pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. at the latent infection stage in the nursery. Previous PCR-based methods developed for the diagnosis or detection of Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides have used primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA, β-tubulin gene, or mating type gene. In this study, to specifically detect Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum fructicola, the most predominant and virulent Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose in Taiwan, we conducted a comparative genomics analysis of 29 Colletotrichum spp. and identified a non-conserved 1157-bp intergenic region suitable for designing specific primers for a nested PCR assay. In silico analysis and actual tests suggested that the new nested PCR assay could detect pathogenic C. siamense and C. fructicola, but not other strawberry pathogens (Botrytis sp., Fusarium spp., Neopestalotiopsis rosae, and Phytophthora sp.) or ubiquitous saprophytes (Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp.). The inner to outer primer ratio was optimized to 1:10 to eliminate unexpected bands and enhance the signal. The assay could detect as little as 1 pg of C. siamense genomic DNA, which corresponds to ~15 cells. Application of the new detection assay on 747 leaf samples collected from 18 strawberry nurseries in 2019 and 2020 showed that an average of 20% of strawberry mother plants in Taiwan were latently infected by C. siamense or C. fructicola. The newly developed assay is being applied to facilitate the production of healthy strawberry runner plants in Taiwan.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaximilian Nicolaus Burger, Matthias Mayer, Ivo Steimanis
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Maximilian Nicolaus Burger, Matthias Mayer, Ivo Steimanis
Background Many countries, such as Germany, struggle to vaccinate enough people against COVID-19 despite the availability of safe and efficient vaccines. With new variants emerging and the need for booster vaccinations, overcoming vaccination hesitancy gains importance. The research to date has revealed some promising, albeit contentious, interventions to increase vaccination intention. However, these have yet to be tested for their effectiveness in increasing vaccination rates. Methods & results We conducted a preregistered survey experiment with N = 1,324 participants in Germany in May/June 2021. This was followed by a series of emails reminding participants to get vaccinated in August and concluded with a follow-up survey in September. We experimentally assess whether debunking vaccination myths, highlighting the benefits of being vaccinated, or sending vaccination reminders decreases hesitancy. In the survey experiment, we find no increase in the intention to vaccinate regardless of the information provided. However, communicating vaccination benefits over several weeks reduced the likelihood of not being vaccinated by 9 percentage points, which translates into a 27% reduction compared to the control group. Debunking vaccination myths and reminders alone also decreased the likelihood, yet not significantly. Discussion Our findings suggest that if soft governmental interventions such as information campaigns are employed, highlighting benefits should be given preference over debunking vaccination myths. Furthermore, it seems that repeated messages affect vaccination action while one-time messages might be insufficient, even for increasing vaccination intentions. Our study highlights the importance of testing interventions outside of survey experiments that are limited to measuring vaccination intentions—not actions—and immediate changes in attitudes and intentions—not long-term changes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIveta Herichová, Soňa Jendrisková, Paulína Pidíková, Lucia Kršková, Lucia Olexová, Martina Morová, Katarína Stebelová, Peter Štefánik
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Iveta Herichová, Soňa Jendrisková, Paulína Pidíková, Lucia Kršková, Lucia Olexová, Martina Morová, Katarína Stebelová, Peter Štefánik
Covid-19 progression shows sex-dependent features. It is hypothesized that a better Covid-19 survival rate in females can be attributed to the presence of higher 17β-estradiol (E2) levels in women than in men. Virus SARS-CoV-2 is enabled to enter the cell with the use of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The expression of several renin-angiotensin system components has been shown to exert a rhythmic pattern, and a role of the circadian system in their regulation has been implicated. Therefore, the aim of the study is to elucidate possible interference between E2 signalling and the circadian system in the regulation of the expression of ACE2 mRNA and functionally related molecules. E2 was administered at a dosage of 40 μg/kg/day for 7 days to male Wistar rats, and sampling of the lungs and colon was performed during a 24-h cycle. The daily pattern of expression of molecules facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell, clock genes and E2 receptors was analysed. As a consequence of E2 administration, a rhythm in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression was observed in the lungs but not in the colon. ADAM17 mRNA expression showed a pronounced rhythmic pattern in both tissues that was not influenced by E2 treatment. ESR1 mRNA expression exerted a rhythmic pattern, which was diminished by E2 treatment. The influence of E2 administration on ESR2 and GPER1 mRNA expression was greater in the lungs than in the colon as a significant rhythm in ESR2 and GPER1 mRNA expression appeared only in the lungs after E2 treatment. E2 administration also increased the amplitude of bmal1 expression in the lungs, which implicates altered functioning of peripheral oscillators in response to E2 treatment. The daily pattern of components of the SARS-CoV-2 entrance pathway and their responsiveness to E2 should be considered in the timing of pharmacological therapy for Covid-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJeanette J. Rainey, Casey Siesel, Xiafang Guo, Lina Yi, Yuzhi Zhang, Shuyu Wu, Adam L. Cohen, Jie Liu, Eric Houpt, Barry Fields, Zhonghua Yang, Changwen Ke
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Jeanette J. Rainey, Casey Siesel, Xiafang Guo, Lina Yi, Yuzhi Zhang, Shuyu Wu, Adam L. Cohen, Jie Liu, Eric Houpt, Barry Fields, Zhonghua Yang, Changwen Ke
Background Southern China is at risk for arborvirus disease transmission, including Zika virus and dengue. Patients often present to clinical care with non-specific acute febrile illnesses (AFI). To better describe the etiology of AFI, we implemented a two-year AFI surveillance project at five sentinel hospitals in Yunnan and Guangdong Provinces. Methods Between June 2017 and August 2019, we enrolled patients between 2 and 65 years of age presenting at one sentinel hospital in Mengla County, Yunnan, and four in Jiangmen City, Guangdong, with symptoms of AFI (acute onset of fever ≥ 37.5°C within the past 7 days) without respiratory symptoms or diarrhea. Demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical information was obtained and entered into a web-based AFI surveillance database. A custom TaqMan Array card (TAC) was used to test patients’ whole blood specimens for 27 different pathogens using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results During the two-year project period, 836 patients were enrolled; 443 patients from Mengla County and 393 patients from Jiangmen City. The median age was 33 years [range: 2–65], and most were hospitalized [641, 77%]. Of 796 patients with valid TAC results, 341 (43%) were positive for at least one of the 10 unique pathogens detected. This included 205 (26%) patients positive for dengue virus, 60 (8%) for Orientia tsutsugamushi, and 42 (5%) for Coxiella burnetii. Ten patients (1%) in Jiangmen City tested positive for malaria, 8 of whom reported recent travel outside of China. TAC results were negative for 455 (57%) patients. None of the patients had a positive TAC detection for Zika virus. Conclusions The project detected variability in the etiology of AFI in Southern China and highlighted the importance of differential diagnosis. Dengue, O. tsutsugamushi, and C. burnetii were the most frequently identified pathogens among enrolled AFI patients. As a non-notifiable disease, the frequent detection of C. burnetii is noteworthy and warrants additional investigation. The project provided a framework for routine surveillance for persons presenting with AFI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCarolyn M. Audet, Mariah Pettapiece-Phillips, Yuqi Tian, Bryan E. Shepherd, Sten H. Vermund, Jose Salato
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Carolyn M. Audet, Mariah Pettapiece-Phillips, Yuqi Tian, Bryan E. Shepherd, Sten H. Vermund, Jose Salato
Across rural sub-Saharan Africa, people living with HIV (PLHIV) commonly seek out treatment from traditional healers. We report on the clinical outcomes of a community health worker intervention adapted for traditional healers with insight into our results from qualitative interviews. We employed a pre-post intervention study design and used sequential mixed methods to assess the impact of a traditional healer support worker intervention in Zambézia province, Mozambique. After receiving a positive test result, 276 participants who were newly enrolled in HIV treatment and were interested in receiving home-based support from a traditional healer were recruited into the study. Those who enrolled from February 2016 to August 2016 received standard of care services, while those who enrolled from June 2017 to May 2018 received support from a traditional healer. We conducted interviews among healers and participants to gain insight into fidelity of study activities, barriers to support, and program improvement. Medication possession ratio at home (based on pharmacy pick-up dates) was not significantly different between pre- and post-intervention participants (0.80 in the pre-intervention group compared to 0.79 in the post-intervention group; p = 0.96). Participants reported receiving educational and psychosocial support from healers. Healers adapted their support protocol to initiate directly observed therapy among participants with poor adherence. Traditional healers can provide community-based psychosocial support, education, directly observed therapy, and disclosure assistance for PLHIV. Multiple factors may hinder patients’ desire and ability to remain adherent to treatment, including poverty, confusion about medication side effects, and frustration with wait times at the health facility.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnmar Abdul-Rahman, William Morgan, Ying Jo Khoo, Christopher Lind, Allan Kermode, William Carroll, Dao-Yi Yu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Anmar Abdul-Rahman, William Morgan, Ying Jo Khoo, Christopher Lind, Allan Kermode, William Carroll, Dao-Yi Yu
Purpose To compare the retinal vascular pulsatile characteristics in subjects with normal (ICPn) and high (ICPh) intracranial pressure and quantify the interactions between intraocular pressure, intracranial pressure, and retinal vascular pulse amplitude in the Fourier domain. Materials and methods Twenty-one subjects were examined using modified photoplethysmography with simultaneous ophthalmodynamometry. A harmonic regression model was fitted to each pixel in the time-series, and used to quantify the retinal vascular pulse wave parameters including the harmonic regression wave amplitude (HRWa). The pulse wave attenuation was measured under different ranges of induced intraocular pressure (IOPi), as a function of distance along the vessel (VDist). Intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured using lumbar puncture. A linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate the correlations between the Yeo-Johnson transformed harmonic regression wave amplitude (HRWa-YJt) with the predictors (IOPi, VDist and ICP). A comparison of the model coefficients was done by calculating the weighted Beta (βx) coefficients. Results The median HRWa in the ICPn group was higher in the retinal veins (4.563, interquartile range (IQR) = 3.656) compared to the retinal arteries (3.475, IQR = 2.458), p<0.0001. In contrast, the ICPh group demonstrated a reduction in the median venous HRWa (3.655, IQR = 3.223) and an elevation in the median arterial HRWa (3.616, IQR = 2.715), p<0.0001. Interactions of the pulsation amplitude with ICP showed a significant disordinal interaction and the loss of a main effect of the Fourier sine coefficient (bn1) in the ICPh group, suggesting that this coefficient reflects the retinal vascular response to ICP wave. The linear mixed-effects model (LME) showed the decay in the venous (HRWa-YJt) was almost twice that in the retinal arteries (−0.067±0.002 compared to −0.028±0.0021 respectively, p<0.00001). The overall interaction models had a total explanatory power of (conditional R2) 38.7%, and 42% of which the fixed effects explained 8.8%, and 5.8% of the variance (marginal R2) for the venous and arterial models respectively. A comparison of the damping effect of VDist and ICP showed that ICP had less influence on pulse decay than distance in the retinal arteries (βICP = -0.21, se = ±0.017 compared to βVDist=-0.26, se = ±0.019), whereas the mean value was equal for the retinal veins (venous βVDist=-0.42, se = ±0.015, βICP = -0.42, se = ±0.019). Conclusion The retinal vascular pulsation characteristics in the ICPh group showed high retinal arterial and low venous pulsation amplitudes. Interactions between retinal vascular pulsation amplitude and ICP suggest that the Fourier sine coefficient bn1 reflects the retinal vascular response to the ICP wave. Although a matrix of regression lines showed high linear characteristics, the low model explanatory power precludes its use as a predictor of ICP. These results may guide future predictive modelling in non-invasive estimation of ICP using modified photoplethysmography.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMath P. G. Leers, Ruben Deneer, Guy J. M. Mostard, Remy L. M. Mostard, Arjen-Kars Boer, Volkher Scharnhorst, Frans Stals, Henne A. Kleinveld, Dirk W. van Dam
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Math P. G. Leers, Ruben Deneer, Guy J. M. Mostard, Remy L. M. Mostard, Arjen-Kars Boer, Volkher Scharnhorst, Frans Stals, Henne A. Kleinveld, Dirk W. van Dam
Background COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic leading to exhaustion of the hospital care system. Our health care system has to deal with a high level of sick leave of health care workers (HCWs) with COVID-19 related complaints, in whom an infection with SARS-CoV-2 has to be ruled out before they can return back to work. The aim of the present study is to investigate if the recently described CoLab-algorithm can be used to exclude COVID-19 in a screening setting of HCWs. Methods In the period from January 2021 till March 2021, HCWs with COVID-19-related complaints were prospectively collected and included in this study. Next to the routinely performed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, using a set of naso- and oropharyngeal swab samples, two blood tubes (one EDTA- and one heparin-tube) were drawn for analysing the 10 laboratory parameters required for running the CoLab-algorithm. Results In total, 726 HCWs with a complete CoLab-laboratory panel were included in this study. In this group, 684 HCWs were tested SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative and 42 cases RT-PCR positive. ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.853 (95% CI: 0.801–0.904). At a safe cut-off value for excluding COVID-19 of -6.525, the sensitivity was 100% with a specificity of 34% (95% CI: 21 to 49%). No SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cases were missed with this cut-off and COVID-19 could be safely ruled out in more than one third of HCWs. Conclusion The CoLab-score is an easy and reliable algorithm that can be used for screening HCWs with COVID-19 related complaints. A major advantage of this approach is that the results of the score are available within 1 hour after collecting the samples. This results in a faster return to labour process of a large part of the COVID-19 negative HCWs (34%), next to a reduction in RT-PCR tests (reagents and labour costs) that can be saved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSue Napierala, Sungai T. Chabata, Calum Davey, Elizabeth Fearon, Joanna Busza, Phillis Mushati, Owen Mugurungi, Karin Hatzold, Valentina Cambiano, Andrew Phillips, James R. Hargreaves, Frances M. Cowan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
by Sue Napierala, Sungai T. Chabata, Calum Davey, Elizabeth Fearon, Joanna Busza, Phillis Mushati, Owen Mugurungi, Karin Hatzold, Valentina Cambiano, Andrew Phillips, James R. Hargreaves, Frances M. Cowan
Introduction Young female sex workers (FSW) are disproportionately vulnerable to HIV. Zimbabwe data show higher HIV incidence and lower engagement in services compared to older FSW. Utilizing data from a combination HIV prevention and treatment intervention, we describe engagement in the HIV services over time among FSW 18–24 years, compared to those ≥25 years of age. Materials and methods Data were collected via respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys in 14 communities in 2013 and 2016, with >2500 FSW per survey. They included blood samples for HIV and viral load testing. As the intervention had no significant impact on HIV care cascade outcomes, data were aggregated across study arms. Analyses used RDS-II estimation. Results Mean age in 2013 and 2016 was 31 and 33 years, with 27% and 17% aged 18–24 years. Overall HIV prevalence was 59% at each timepoint, and 35% and 36% among younger FSW. From 2013 to 2016 there was an increase in young HIV-positive FSW knowing their status (38% vs 60%, OR = 2.51, p<0.01). Outcomes for all FSW improved significantly over time at all steps of the cascade, and the relative change over time was similar among older versus younger FSW for most cascade variables. Discussion Young FSW had improvements in care cascade outcomes, and proportionate improvements similar to older FSW, yet they remain less engaged in services overall. This implies that the dedicated FSW services in Zimbabwe are having a comparably positive impact across age groups, however more is likely required to address young FSW’s unique vulnerabilities and needs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMartin Belan, Tiffany Charmet, Laura Schaeffer, Sarah Tubiana, Xavier Duval, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Arnaud Fontanet, Gabriel Birgand, Solen Kernéis
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This study assessed the roles of various exposures and personal protective equipment (PPE) use on healthcare workers’risk (HCWs) of COVID-19 working in primary care, long-term-care facilities or hospitals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Malaria chemoprophylaxis using chloroquine (CQ) and primaquine (PQ) has been administered to resident soldiers in the 3rd Army of Republic of Korea (ROK) to prevent malaria infection since the year 1997. Due to mass chemoprophylaxis against malaria, concern exists about the occurrence of chloroquine resistance (CQR). This study aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Plasmodium vivax multi-drug resistance protein-1 (pvmdr-1) gene to monitor the risk of CQR.
Methods
SNPs of the pvmdr-1 gene were analysed in 73 soldiers of the 3rd Army of ROK diagnosed with infection by P. vivax.
Results
Quintuple mutations (G698S, L845F, M908L, T958M, and F1076L) were detected in 73 soldiers. A newly identified non-synonymous mutation in the Y541C position had been introduced into P. vivax malaria-endemic areas in ROK, at a frequency of 1.3% (1/73). In addition, synonymous mutations were detected at positions K44 (38.4%, 28/73), L493 (26%, 19/73), T529 (61.6%, 45/73), and E1233 (52.1%, 38/73). Based on these SNPs, pvmdr-1 sequences of ROK were classified into 6 haplotypes. The phylogenetic analysis closed to the type of North Korean showed that P. vivax malaria of ROK could be a reason of influx from North Korea.
Conclusions
This study showed that synonymous and non-synonymous mutations of pvmdr-1 were observed in the malaria chemoprophylaxis-executed regions of ROK from 2016 to 2017. Based on the rapid transition of pvmdr-1 SNPs, continuous surveillance for SNPs of pvmdr-1 related to CQR in the malaria-endemic regions of ROK is essential.
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Gabriel Cavalcante Lima Chagas, Amanda Ribeiro Rangel, Luísa Macambira Noronha, Felipe Camilo Santiago Veloso, Samir Buainain Kassar, Michelle Jacintha Cavalcante Oliveira, Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses, Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior, Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses, Pedro Eduardo Andrade de Carvalho Gomes, Gabriela Studart Galdino, Gabriela Freire Bezerra, Ranieri Sales de Souza Santos, Alice Maria Costa Martins, Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior, Alexandre Braga Libório, Roberto da Justa Pires Neto, Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
Daniella Pontes Matos, Mateus Dantas Torres, Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues da Silva, Carlos Alberto Andrade Serra dos Santos, Francisca Jacinta Feitoza de Oliveira, Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo, Maria Aparecida Alves de Oliveira Serra
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
Caitlyn L. Holmes, Sara N. Smith, Stephen J. Gurczynski, Geoffrey B. Severin, Lavinia V. Unverdorben, Jay Vornhagen, Harry L. T. Mobley, Michael A. Bachman aDepartment of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Schoolgrid.471406.0, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Schoolgrid.471406.0, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Nancy E. Freitag
Infection and Immunity, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
Rudym D, Chang SH, Angel LF.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
To the Editor A recent study reported impressive outcomes in 30 patients who underwent lung transplant for COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, we wonder whether some patients in this cohort may not have needed a lung transplant if given more time to recover.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedManerikar A, Budinger G, Bharat A.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
In Reply Institutional and national cohort studies have reported the success of lung transplant for COVID-19–associated ARDS. However, given the unpredictable trajectory of patients with COVID-19–associated ARDS and the lack of clinically available biomarkers of permanent lung injury, referral for lung transplant requires careful evaluation of pulmonary physiology, radiographic and histologic changes, medical course, and treatment response. Furthermore, lung transplant referral should only be considered after sufficient time has passed from the onset of ARDS and after longitudinal multidisciplinary evaluation indicates that lung recovery or successful liberation from life support is unlikely.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSlomski A.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
A single dose of vaginal clindamycin gel successfully treated most women with bacterial vaginosis, including those with recurrent disease, a recent trial reported. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the bioadhesive extended-release gel, marketed as Xaciato, in 2021 to treat bacterial vaginosis. The recent study, published in Obstetrics & Gynecology, assessed efficacy based on the percentage of participants who were considered clinically cured.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPearlman BL.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
A woman with a history of intravenous heroin use and chronic inactive hepatitis B virus infection had sudden onset of painless jaundice and malaise. Vital signs, mentation, and physical examination were normal except for scleral icterus; she reported no history of travel outside the US and no raw meat ingestion; aminotransferase and bilirubin levels were newly elevated, but she had no acute hepatitis A or C virus infection. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRubin R.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This Medical News feature examines the unexpected phenomenon of symptoms and positive test results recurring in Paxlovid users who’d a few days earlier felt fine and tested negative.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMeddel Rio C, Malani PN.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This Viewpoint discusses how variants and subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 will affect the continually changing COVID-19 pandemic and the ways in which the spread of COVID-19 can be controlled.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLevy N, Koppel JH, Kaplan O, et al.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This study examines outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variant waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPetty LA, Malani PN.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
This JAMA Patient Page describes 2 new oral antiviral medications that are available for patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are not hospitalized but are at high risk of developing severe disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYu Nakagama, Maria-Virginia Rodriguez-Funes, Rhina Dominguez, Katherine-Sofia Candray-Medina, Naoto Uemura, Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba, Yuko Nitahara, Natsuko Kaku, Akira Kaneko, Yasutoshi Kido
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has threatened the public health systems worldwide. Its impact, however, has been under-evaluated in most low- and middle-income countries, including regions in Central America [1]. We launched a seroepidemiological survey, extending from end-January to mid-February 2021, at a tertiary care referral hospital located in the capital city of El Salvador, where a large number of confirmed and far more suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 affected healthcare workers (HCWs) had been documented during the first wave of the pandemic.
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