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27 emner vises.
Zikun Ma, Yize Mao, Yuanyuan Wang, Zhizhou Duan, Diyang Qu, Chaofeng Li, Runsen Chen, Zhuowei Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.08.2022
Tilføjet 19.08.2022
Md. Azahar Ali, George Fei Zhang, Chunshan Hu, Bin Yuan, Sanjida Jahan, Georgios D. Kitsios, Alison Morris, Shou‐Jiang Gao, Rahul Panat
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.08.2022
Tilføjet 19.08.2022
HongBo Liu, Qingfeng Li, Ying Xiang, Hong Li, Kangkang Liu, Xinying Du, Chaojie Yang, Hongbo Liu, Mengjing Shi, Xueqian Hu, Hui Wang, Xiaohong Zhang, Xiangda Li, Sai Tian, Renlong Bao, Ligui Wang, Shaofu Qiu, Hongbin Song
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.08.2022
Tilføjet 19.08.2022
Ana Sainz-García, Paula Toledano, Ignacio Muro-Fraguas, Lydia Álvarez-Erviti, Rodolfo Múgica-Vidal, María López, Elisa Sainz-García, Beatriz Rojo-Bezares, Yolanda Sáenz, Fernando Alba-Elías
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 19.08.2022
: The mask usage has increased over the last years due to COVID-19 pandemic resulting in a mask shortage. Furthermore, their prolonged use causes skin problems related to bacteria overgrowth. To overcome those problems, atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP) was studied as an alternative technology for mask disinfection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFernando Dominguez, Neil Gaffin, Kusha Davar, Noah Wald-Dickler, Emi Minejima, Dominique Werge, Paul Holtom, Brad Spellberg, Rachel Baden
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 19.08.2022
Based on multiple randomized controlled clinical trials, shorter antibiotic courses are equally effective as traditional longer courses for many types of infections. However, longer courses are still being used widely in clinical practice.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAisylu Shaidullina, Alexander Harms
Trends in Microbiology, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 19.08.2022
Toxin–antitoxin systems can defend bacteria against phages by shutting down infected cells, but the links between their molecular mechanisms and biological functions have remained underexplored. LeRoux et al. now show how the DNA-targeting ADP-ribosylation activity of DarTG impairs phage replication but is overcome by dedicated viral inhibitors and evolved tolerance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJocalyn Clark
Lancet, 20.08.2022
Tilføjet 19.08.2022
Firdausi Qadri, infectious disease specialist and Senior Scientist at icddr,b, found time on a hectic day to speak with me. She was taking a lunch break on day 5 of Bangladesh's 7-day vaccination blitz in July, 2022, during which more than 2·4 million people were immunised with oral cholera vaccine (OCV). A vaccination roll-out of this speed and scale is not unusual for Bangladesh. But this year's campaign is different because “it is aimed at breaking the cycle of infection in the country's worst cholera outbreak in 60 years”, says Qadri.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuthipong Benjanuwattra, Annia Cavasos, Mahmoud Abdelnabi
Lancet, 20.08.2022
Tilføjet 19.08.2022
We thank Vincent Descamps for his Correspondence on Mahmoud Abdelnadi and colleagues’ published incidence of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome.1 Descamps suggested that testing for human herpesvirus is best done with PCR, rather than a Monospot test, which we concur with. The detection and quantification of viral DNA via PCR is the method of choice in determining an active human herpesvirus 6 infection including viral reactivation.2,3 Serological assay is mostly made use of to identify primary infection in patients with no history of infection; its usefulness is, unfortunately, reduced for the diagnosis of viral reactivation due to its poor specificity, as IgM can persist for months after primary infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKenneth C Shadlen
Lancet, 9.07.2022
Tilføjet 19.08.2022
From October to November, 2021, the pharmaceutical firms Merck and Pfizer licensed their new COVID-19 oral antiviral medications to the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP).1 In both cases, the drugs were licensed quickly, before they were launched, and the MPP then reached agreements with pharmaceutical firms across the globe (27 firms for Merck's molnupiravir2 and 36 firms for Pfizer's nirmatrelvir3) to provide generic versions of these to roughly 100 low-income and middle-income countries. This Viewpoint examines the importance of these licences for the global production of, and access to, new medicines, during the pandemic and beyond.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHannah Imlay, Nicholas C. Laundy, Graeme N. Forrest, Monica A. Slavin
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
A growing number of studies have demonstrated similar outcomes with shorter courses of antibiotics for bacterial infections. Immunocompromised patients are frequently excluded from these studies despite anticipated benefit associated with shortening antibiotic courses (including lower risks of antibiotic toxicity, Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), drug resistant pathogens, and microbiome alterations).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLise Goltermann, Kasper Langebjerg Andersen, Helle Krogh Johansen, Søren Molin, Ruggero La Rosa
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizes the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways causing chronic bacterial lung infections. CF patients are routinely treated with macrolides, however, P. aeruginosa is considered insusceptible as consequence of inadequate susceptibility testing leaving resistance mechanism completely overlooked. Here we investigated a new mechanism of macrolide resistance caused by ribosomal protein mutations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
Abstract
Background
High cost of commercial RNA extraction kits limits the testing efficiency of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we developed a simple nucleic acid extraction method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 directly from nasopharyngeal swab samples.
Methods
A pH sensitive dye was used as the end point detection method. The obvious colour changes between positive and negative reactions eliminates the need of other equipment.
Results
Clinical testing using 260 samples showed 92.7% sensitivity (95% CI 87.3–96.3%) and 93.6% specificity (95% CI 87.3–97.4%) of RT-LAMP.
Conclusions
The simple RNA extraction method minimizes the need for any extensive laboratory set-up. We suggest combining this simple nucleic acid extraction method and RT-LAMP technology as the point-of care diagnostic tool.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Beatrice Kemilembe Mutayoba, Julia Ershova, Eligius Lyamuya, Michael Hoelscher, Norbert Heinrich, Andrew Martin Kilale, Nyagosya Segere Range, Benard James Ngowi, Nyanda Elias Ntinginya, Saidi Mwinjuma Mfaume, Emmanuel Nkiligi, Basra Doulla, Johnson Lyimo, Riziki Kisonga, Amri Kingalu, Yakobo Lema, Zuwena Kondo, Michel Pletschette
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
Shinsuke Miyano, Thi Thi Htoon, Ikuma Nozaki, Eh Htoo Pe, Htay Htay Tin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
by Shinsuke Miyano, Thi Thi Htoon, Ikuma Nozaki, Eh Htoo Pe, Htay Htay Tin
In 2017, the Myanmar National Action Plan for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) (2017–2022) was endorsed by the Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar; one of its objectives was to increase public awareness of AMR to accelerate appropriate antibiotic use. This survey aimed to assess the public knowledge, practices and awareness concerning antibiotics and AMR awareness among adults in Myanmar. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional mobile phone panel survey in January and February 2020. Participants were randomly selected from the mobile phone panel in each of three groups stratified by gender, age group, and residential area urbanity; they were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Collected data were weighted based on the population of each stratum from the latest national census and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Two thousand and forty-five adults from 12 regions and states participated in this survey. Overall, 89.5% of participants had heard about antibiotics; however, only 0.9% provided correct answers to all five questions about antibiotics, whereas 9.7% provided all incorrect answers. More than half of participants (58.5%) purchased antibiotics without a prescription, mainly from medical stores or pharmacies (87.9%); this was more frequent in age group (18–29 years) and those in rural areas (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). Only 56.3% were aware of antibiotic resistance and received their information from medical professionals (46.3%), family members or friends (38.9%), or the media (26.1%). Less than half (42.4%) knew that antibiotics were used in farm animals. Most did not know that using antibiotics in farm animals could develop resistance (73.2%) and is banned for the purposes of growth stimulation (64.1%). This survey identifies considerable gaps in the knowledge, practices, and awareness about antibiotics among the general population in Myanmar. Continuous public education and awareness campaigns must be urgently conducted to fulfill these gaps, which would aid in promoting antibiotic stewardship, leading to combating AMR in Myanmar.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarkus Zadrazil, Peter Marhofer, Werner Schmid, Melanie Marhofer, Philipp Opfermann
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
by Markus Zadrazil, Peter Marhofer, Werner Schmid, Melanie Marhofer, Philipp Opfermann
Background Early pre-anesthetic management for surgery is aimed at identifying risk factors, which notably in children are mostly airway related. The first COVID-19 lockdown opened a unique ‘window of opportunity’ to study what impact an ad-hoc management strategy would bring to bear on intraoperative respiratory events. Methods In this observational cohort study we included all patients with an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Physical Status of I or II, aged 0 to ≤18 years, who underwent elective surgery at our center during the first national COVID-19 lockdown (March 15th to May 31st, 2020) and all analogue cases during the same calendar period of 2017−2019. The primary outcome parameter was a drop in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) below 90% during anesthesia management. The study is completed and registered with the German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00024128. Results Given 125 of 796 evaluable cases during the early 2020 lockdown, significant differences over the years did not emerge for the primary outcome or event counts (p>0.05). Events were exceedingly rare even under general anesthesia (n = 3) and non-existent under regional anesthesia (apart from block failures: n = 4). Regression analysis for SpO2 events
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFahad Alanazi, Islam Nour, Atif Hanif, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar, Reem M. Aljowaie, Saleh Eifan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
by Fahad Alanazi, Islam Nour, Atif Hanif, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar, Reem M. Aljowaie, Saleh Eifan
The diversity among bacteriophages depends on different factors like ecology, temperature conditions and genetic pool. Current study focused on isolation, identification and diversity of phages from 34 sewage water samples collected from two different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), King Saud University wastewater treatment plants (KSU-WWTP) and Manfoha wastewater treatment plants (MN-WWTP) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Samples were analyzed by PCR and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Siphoviridae, Podoviridae and Myoviridae families were detected by family-specific PCR and highest prevalence of Myoviridae 29.40% was found at MN-WWTP followed by 11.76% at KSU-WWTP. Siphoviridae was detected 11.76% at MN-WWTP and 5.88% at KSU-WWTP. Lowest prevalence for Podoviridae family (5.88%) was recorded at MN-WWTP. Significant influence of temporal variations on prevalence of Myoviridae and Siphoviridae was detected in both WWTP and MN-WWTP, respectively. Highest phage prevalence was obtained in August (75%), followed by September (50%). Highest phage prevalence was recorded at a temperature range of 29–33°C. Significant influence of temperature on the prevalence of Myoviridae phages was detected at MN-WWTP. Four bacteriophages with various abundance levels were identified by NGS. Cronobacter virus Esp2949-1 was found first time with highest abundance (4.41%) in wastewater of Riyadh. Bordetella virus BPP1 (4.14%), Dickeya virus Limestone (1.55%) and Ralstonia virus RSA1 (1.04%) were also detected from samples of MN-WWTP. Highest occurrence of Bordetella virus BPP1 (67%) and (33.33%) was recorded at KSU-WWTP and MN-WWTP, respectively. Highest Bordetella virus BPP1 occurrence was recorded in September (50%) followed by August (40%). The findings of study showed new insights of phage diversity from wastewater sources and further large-scale data studies are suggested for comprehensive understanding.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJinsoo Min, Hyung Woo Kim, Ji Young Kang, Sung Kyoung Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Yong Hyun Kim, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Sang Haak Lee, Ju Sang Kim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
by Jinsoo Min, Hyung Woo Kim, Ji Young Kang, Sung Kyoung Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Yong Hyun Kim, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Sang Haak Lee, Ju Sang Kim
In 2018, the World Health Organization recommended a 6-month four-drug regimen (rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and levofloxacin) for the treatment of isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis. However, the regimen had very low certainty. This cohort study assessed the impact of fluoroquinolone use and initial baseline regimen on treatment effectiveness in isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis. This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 318 patients with isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis notified between 2011 and 2018 in Korea. Baseline regimens were classified into two groups, namely 6–9-month rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide (6-9REZ) and a combination regimen of 2-month rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and 7–10-month rifampicin and ethambutol (2REZ/7-10RE). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with positive treatment outcomes. Of 318 enrolled patients, 234 (73.6%) were treated with the 6-9REZ and 103 (32.4%) with additional fluoroquinolone. In a multivariable logistic regression model comparing the 6-9REZ and 2REZ/7-10RE groups, there was no difference in the odds of positive outcomes (adjusted odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval = 0.65–1.82). Addition use of fluoroquinolone was not associated with positive treatment outcomes in the whole cohort (adjusted odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval = 0.87–2.27); however, its additional use was beneficial in the 2REZ/7-10RE subgroup (adjusted odds ratio = 3.58, 95% confidence interval = 1.32–9.75). Both initial baseline regimens, 6-9REZ and 2REZ/7-10RE, were similarly effective. Shortening of the pyrazinamide administration duration with additional fluoroquinolone use could be a safe alternative for patients with potential hepatotoxicity related to pyrazinamide.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMax R. McKenzie, Mark R. McKean, Danielle P. Doyle, Luke W. Hogarth, Brendan J. Burkett
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
by Max R. McKenzie, Mark R. McKean, Danielle P. Doyle, Luke W. Hogarth, Brendan J. Burkett
Background In swimming, the period between the end of the swimming warmup and the beginning of competition is critical to performance, here termed the transition phase. Several options are available during this phase, necessitating a systematic review to understand if optimal strategies exist. Objectives To synthesise and critically evaluate the current literature investigating land-based warmup interventions on subsequent performance in competitive swimmers. Methods A search of three electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) was conducted to identify original studies until February 2022. Selection criteria dictated that (i) a control condition was used, (ii) participants were ≥ 15 years of age, (iii) a pool-based warmup was done prior to the land-based warmup. A total of 25 articles met the selection criteria. Results Reducing the transition phase duration by at least half led to consistently faster time-trial times of between 1.1–1.5% for all included studies. Passive warmups using clothing interventions resulted in mostly faster time-trial’s of 0.4–0.8% with increases in skin temperature frequent, though little change occurred in core temperature. The methodology of passive respiratory warmups were vastly different with positive time-trial’s effects ranging between 0.9–1.1% for two studies, though one reported no meaningful difference. Active warmups led to consistently faster time-trial’s between 0.7–0.9%, though the unpinning factors are not clear. Warmups which combined passive and active options frequently led to faster time-trial’s between 0.8–3%. Upper and combined limb post-activation performance enhancement led to mostly unfavourable time-trial changes. Lower limb exclusive protocols results were inconsistent, with limited beneficial effects on time-trial or start performance reported following plyometric protocols. However, there does appear merit in heavier loaded lower limb protocols. Conclusion Each of a reduced transition phase length, and passive, active or combination warmup have demonstrated improvements in swimming performance. Conversely, PAPE protocols should be used with caution, especially when including the upper limbs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexandra Bick, Willem Buys, Andrea Engler, Rabea Madel, Mazen Atia, Francesca Faro, Astrid M. Westendorf, Andreas Limmer, Jan Buer, Frank Herbstreit, Carsten J. Kirschning, Jürgen Peters
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
by Alexandra Bick, Willem Buys, Andrea Engler, Rabea Madel, Mazen Atia, Francesca Faro, Astrid M. Westendorf, Andreas Limmer, Jan Buer, Frank Herbstreit, Carsten J. Kirschning, Jürgen Peters
Rationale The immune profile of sepsis patients is incompletely understood and hyperinflammation and hypoinflammation may occur concurrently or sequentially. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) may counter hypoinflammation but effects are uncertain. We tested the reactivity of septic whole blood to bacteria, Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and to ICI. Methods Whole blood assays of 61 patients’ samples within 24h of meeting sepsis-3 criteria and 12 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Measurements included pattern/danger-associated molecular pattern (P/DAMP), cytokine concentrations at baseline and in response to TLR 2, 4, and 7/8 ligands, heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, E.coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concentration of soluble and cellular immune checkpoint molecules, and cytokine concentrations in response to ICI directed against programmed-death receptor 1 (PD1), PD1-ligand 1, or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, both in the absence and presence of LPS. Main results In sepsis, concentrations of P/DAMPs and inflammatory cytokines were increased and the latter increased further upon incubation ex vivo. However, cytokine responses to TLR 2, 4, and 7/8 ligands, heat-inactivated S. aureus or E. coli, and E. coli LPS were all depressed. Depression of the response to LPS was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Despite increased PD-1 expression on monocytes and T-cells, and monocyte CTLA-4 expression, however, addition of corresponding checkpoint inhibitors to assays failed to increase inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the absence and presence of LPS. Conclusion Patients first meeting Sepsis-3 criteria reveal 1) depressed responses to multiple TLR-ligands, bacteria, and bacterial LPS, despite concomitant inflammation, but 2) no response to immune checkpoint inhibition.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCindy Ke Zhou, Monica M. Bennett, Carlos H. Villa, Kendall P. Hammonds, Yun Lu, Jason Ettlinger, Elisa L. Priest, Robert L. Gottlieb, Steven Davis, Edward Mays, Tainya C. Clarke, Azadeh Shoaibi, Hui-Lee Wong, Steven A. Anderson, Ronan J. Kelly
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
by Cindy Ke Zhou, Monica M. Bennett, Carlos H. Villa, Kendall P. Hammonds, Yun Lu, Jason Ettlinger, Elisa L. Priest, Robert L. Gottlieb, Steven Davis, Edward Mays, Tainya C. Clarke, Azadeh Shoaibi, Hui-Lee Wong, Steven A. Anderson, Ronan J. Kelly
Background Although frequently used in the early pandemic, data on the effectiveness of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) remain mixed. We investigated the effectiveness and safety of CCP in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in real-world practices during the first two waves of the pandemic in a multi-hospital healthcare system in Texas. Methods and findings Among 11,322 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from July 1, 2020 to April 15, 2021, we included patients who received CCP and matched them with those who did not receive CCP within ±2 days of the transfusion date across sites within strata of sex, age groups, days and use of dexamethasone from hospital admission to the match date, and oxygen requirements 4–12 hours prior to the match date. Cox proportional hazards model estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for effectiveness outcomes in a propensity score 1:1 matched cohort. Pre-defined safety outcomes were described. We included 1,245 patients each in the CCP treated and untreated groups. Oxygen support was required by 93% of patients at the baseline. The pre-defined primary effectiveness outcome of 28-day in-hospital all-cause mortality (HR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.66,1.10) were similar between treatment groups. Sensitivity and stratified analyses found similar null results. CCP-treated patients were less likely to be discharged alive (HR = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.74, 0.91), and more likely to receive mechanical ventilation (HR = 1.48; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.96). Safety outcomes were rare and similar between treatment groups. Conclusion The findings in this large, matched cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and mostly requiring oxygen support at the time of treatment, do not support a clinical benefit in 28-day in-hospital all-cause mortality for CCP. Future studies should assess the potential benefits with specifically high-titer units in perhaps certain subgroups of patients (e.g. those with early disease or immunocompromised).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKeran Moll, Shayan Hobbi, Cindy Ke Zhou, Kathryn Fingar, Timothy Burrell, Veronica Hernandez-Medina, Joyce Obidi, Nader Alawar, Steven A. Anderson, Hui-Lee Wong, Azadeh Shoaibi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
by Keran Moll, Shayan Hobbi, Cindy Ke Zhou, Kathryn Fingar, Timothy Burrell, Veronica Hernandez-Medina, Joyce Obidi, Nader Alawar, Steven A. Anderson, Hui-Lee Wong, Azadeh Shoaibi
The Food and Drug Administration’s Biologics Effectiveness and Safety Initiative conducts active surveillance to protect public health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study evaluated performance of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis code U07.1 in identifying COVID-19 cases in claims compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid amplification test results in linked electronic health records (EHRs). Care episodes in three populations were defined using COVID-19-related diagnoses (population 1), SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test procedures (population 2), and all-cause hospitalizations (population 3) in two linked claims-EHR databases: IBM® MarketScan® Explorys® Claims-EMR Data Set (commercial) and OneFlorida Data Trust linked Medicaid-EHR. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Respectively, populations 1, 2, and 3 included 26,686, 26,095, and 2,564 episodes (commercial) and 29,117, 23,412, and 9,629 episodes (Florida Medicaid). The positive predictive value was >80% and the negative predictive value was >95% in each population, with the highest positive predictive value in population 3 (commercial: 91.9%; Medicaid: 93.1%). Findings did not vary substantially by patient age. Positive predictive values in populations 1 and 2 fluctuated during April–June 2020. They then stabilized in the commercial but not the Medicaid population. Negative predictive values were consistent over time in all populations and databases. Our findings indicate that U07.1 has high performance in identifying COVID-19 cases and noncases in claims databases. Performance may vary across populations and periods.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTanaka Arthur Choto, Ian Makupe, Andrew Zolani Cakana, Elopy Nimele Sibanda, Takafira Mduluza
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
by Tanaka Arthur Choto, Ian Makupe, Andrew Zolani Cakana, Elopy Nimele Sibanda, Takafira Mduluza
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a recently identified virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease is a pandemic. Although the hallmarks of severe COVID-19 have been established, the underlying mechanisms that promote severe pathology have not been thoroughly studied. A better understanding of the immune response in severe COVID-19 patients may help guide the development of therapeutic strategies and predict immuno-pathogenicity. This study was set to determine the lymphocyte and cytokine profiles associated with COVID-19 severity. A total of 43 hospitalised COVID-19 patients were recruited for the study and whole blood samples were drawn from each patient. Complete blood counts, lymphocyte subset profiles and C-reactive protein statuses of patients were determined. Cytometric bead array was performed to analyse the cytokine profiles of each patient. The demographic characteristics showed that the median age of the patients was 48.72 years, with an interquartile range from 40 to 60 years, and 69.77% of the patients were male. COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly low CD4+ lymphocyte expansion and leucocytosis augmented by elevated neutrophil and immature granulocytes. Stratification analysis revealed that reduced monocytes and elevated basophils and immature granulocytes are implicated in severe pathology. Additionally, cytokine results were noted to have significant incidences of interleukin 17A (IL-17A) expression associated with severe disease. Results from this study suggest that a systemic neutrophilic environment may preferentially skew CD4+ lymphocytes towards T-helper 17 and IL-17A promotion, thus, aggravating inflammation. Consequently, results from this study suggest broad activity immunomodulation and targeting neutrophils and blocking IL-17 production as therapeutic strategies against severe COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSurya Surendran, Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Vrinda Nampoothiri, Shiny Joseph, Sanjeev Singh, Carolyn Tarrant, Alison Holmes, Esmita Charani
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
We investigated the roles of patient carers in infection-related care on surgical wards in a South Indian hospital, from the perspective of healthcare workers (HCW), patients, and their carers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSimone Bastrup Israelsen, Markus Fally, Britta Tarp, Lilian Kolte, Pernille Ravn, Thomas Benfield
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
To explore whether short-course antibiotic therapy is efficient and safe in routine clinical settings among patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) that achieve an early clinical response.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRachel J. Hagey, Menashe Elazar, Edward A. Pham, Siqi Tian, Lily Ben-Avi, Claire Bernardin-Souibgui, Matthew F. Yee, Fernando R. Moreira, Meirav Vilan Rabinovitch, Rita M. Meganck, Benjamin Fram, Aimee Beck, Scott A. Gibson, Grace Lam, Josephine Devera, Wipapat Kladwang, Khanh Nguyen, Anming Xiong, Steven Schaffert, Talia Avisar, Ping Liu, Arjun Rustagi, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Phillip S. Pang, Purvesh Khatri, Chien-Te Tseng, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Catherine A. Blish, Brett L. Hurst, Timothy P. Sheahan, Rhiju Das, Jeffrey S. Glenn
Nature, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
Nature Medicine, Published online: 18 August 2022; doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01908-xTargeting conserved secondary structure of RNA viruses offers the potential for a customizable therapeutic approach to viral variants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFreda E.-C. Jen, Jennifer L. Edwards, Ibrahim M. El-Deeb, Mark J. Walker, Mark von Itzstein, Michael P. Jennings aInstitute for Glycomics, Griffith Universitygrid.1022.1, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia bThe Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA cSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queenslandgrid.1003.2, Queensland, Australia
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
Claire Amaris Hobson, Gautier Pierrat, Olivier Tenaillon, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Béatrice Bercot, Ella Jaouen, Hervé Jacquier, André Birgy aIAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France bService de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France cService de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis – Lariboisiere - Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris, France
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022