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Georgi K. Marinov, Mladen Mladenov, Antoni Rangachev, Ivailo Alexiev
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
by Georgi K. Marinov, Mladen Mladenov, Antoni Rangachev, Ivailo Alexiev
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world over the past two years (2020-2021). One of the key questions about its future trajectory is the protection from subsequent infections and disease conferred by a previous infection, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the coronaviruses, a group of viruses the members of which are known for their ability to reinfect convalescent individuals. Bulgaria, with high rates of previous infections combined with low vaccination rates and an elderly population, presents a somewhat unique context to study this question. Methods We use detailed governmental data on registered COVID-19 cases to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 reinfections in Bulgaria in the period between March 2020 and early December 2021. Results For the period analyzed, a total of 4,106 cases of individuals infected more than once were observed, including 31 cases of three infections and one of four infections. The number of reinfections increased dramatically during the Delta variant-driven wave of the pandemic towards the end of 2021. We observe a moderate reduction of severe outcomes (hospitalization and death) in reinfections relative to primary infections, and a more substantial reduction of severe outcomes in breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals. Conclusions In the available datasets from Bulgaria, prior infection appears to provide some protection from severe outcomes, but to a lower degree than the reduction in severity of breakthrough infections in the vaccinated compared to primary infections in the unvaccinated.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Abstract
Purpose
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the major threat for immunocompromised individuals. The course of COVID-19 in lung transplant recipients in the Omicron era remains unknown. The aim of the study was to assess outcome and associated factors in lung transplant recipients in a German-wide multicenter approach.
Methods
All affected individuals from January 1st to March 20th, 2022 from 8 German centers during the Omicron wave were collected. Baseline characteristics and antiviral measures were associated with outcome.
Results
Of 218 patients with PCR-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection 166 patients (76%) received any early (< 7 days) antiviral therapy median 2 (interquartile range 1–4) days after symptom onset. Most patients received sotrovimab (57%), followed by remdesivir (21%) and molnupiravir (21%). An early combination therapy was applied in 45 patients (21%). Thirty-four patients (16%) developed a severe or critical disease severity according to the WHO scale. In total, 14 patients (6.4%) died subsequently associated with COVID-19. Neither vaccination and antibody status, nor applied treatments were associated with outcome. Only age and glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 were independent risk factors for a severe or critical COVID-19.
Conclusion
COVID-19 due to Omicron remains an important threat for lung transplant recipients. In particular, elderly patients and patients with impaired kidney function are at risk for worse outcome. Prophylaxis and therapy in highly immunocompromised individuals need further improvement.
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Infection, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Abstract
We report a rare case of a cerebral infection with Taenia crassiceps tapeworm larvae in an immunocompetent 71-year-old German male. Initially, an intracerebral malignoma was suspected after the patient experienced stroke-like symptoms. After surgery, helminth larvae, later identified as T. crassiceps, were detected. Identification on the species level was possible by specific PCR and sequencing. After complete surgical removal, the patient was treated with albendazole and dexamethasone for two weeks. No residual symptoms were reported up to date.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Abstract
Background
Tocilizumab and baricitinib are recommended treatment options for hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen support. Literature about its efficacy and safety in a head-to-head comparison is scarce.
Methods
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen were treated with tocilizumab or baricitinib additionally to dexamethasone. Tocilizumab was available from February till the 19th of September 2021 and baricitinib from 21st of September. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome parameters were progression to mechanical ventilation (MV), length-of-stay (LOS) and potential side effects.
Results
159 patients (tocilizumab 68, baricitinib 91) with a mean age of 60.5 years, 64% male were included in the study. Tocilizumab patients were admitted 1 day earlier, were in a higher WHO category at the time of inclusion and had a higher CRP level on admission and treatment initiation. Patients receiving Tocilizumab were treated with remdesivir more often and only patients in the baricitinib group were treated with monoclonal antibodies. Other characteristics did not differ significantly. In-hospital mortality (18% vs. 11%, p = 0.229), progression to MV (19% vs. 11%, p = 0.173) and LOS (13 vs. 12 days, p = 0.114) did not differ between groups. Side effects were equally distributed between groups, except ALAT elevation which was significantly more often observed in the tocilizumab group (43% vs. 25%, p = 0.021).
Conclusions
In-hospital mortality, progression to MV and LOS were not significantly different in patients treated with tocilizumab or baricitinib additionally to standard of care. Both drugs seem equally effective but further head-to-head trials are needed.
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Infection, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Abstract
Purpose
To assess the likelihood of occult infection in patients with clinically unsuspected orthopedic implants during Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB).
Methods
In a retrospective study in two Dutch hospitals, we included all patients with SAB between 2013 and 2020 with one or more orthopedic implants in whom [18F]FDG-PET/CT was performed. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients who had an orthopedic implant-related infection by S. aureus. We also compared clinical parameters in patients with clinically suspected and unsuspected implants.
Results
Fifty-five of 191 (29%) orthopedic implants in 118 SAB patients included had clinical signs of infection. Of all 136 unsuspected implants, 5 (3%, all arthroplasties), showed increased [18F]FDG uptake around the prosthesis on [18F]FDG-PET/CT. The clinical course of these patients without clinically overt infection or relapse of bacteremia during follow-up of a median of 48 months (range 0–48), however, argued against prosthetic joint infection.
Conclusion
Although orthopedic implants are evidently a risk factor for metastatic infection during SAB, the absence of clinical symptoms obviate the need of additional investigations or prolonged antibiotic treatment.
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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3_SupplPages: 1-2
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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3_SupplPages: 3-16
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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3_SupplPages: 17-21
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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3_SupplPages: 22-26
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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3_SupplPages: 27-31
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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3_SupplPages: 32-35
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Abstract
Background
This study compared clinical features of the Delta variant of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and adults.
Methods
Clinical data included 80 children and 132 adults with the Delta variant of COVID-19, hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Putian College between September and October 2021. The data was analyzed retrospectively.
Results
The proportion of mild patients in the children group (50%) was higher than that in the adults group (17.9%). Cough (25%, 20/80) and diarrhea (1.3%, 1/80) symptoms in children group were significantly less frequent. Compared with adults, there was no significant difference in the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in samples collected by nasopharyngeal swabs. In children, lymphocyte count was higher [1.98 (0.25–4.25) vs 1.20 (0.29–4.27) ×109/L], whereas the interleukin-6 level was lower [5.87 (1.50–61.40) vs 15.15 (1.79–166.30) pg/mL] than that in adults group. Additionally, the incidence of liver injury in children group was lower than that in adults group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of proteinuria (22/75 vs 45/112) between the two groups, but the serum creatinine level in children was lower [42.0 (28.0–73.0) vs 57.0 (32.0–94.0) µmol/L].
Conclusion
Compared with adults, children with the Delta variant of COVID-19 have differences in symptoms, clinical classification, inflammatory indices, and liver/kidney function injury. Children’s illness is relatively mild. Clinicians should pay attention to their differences and use drugs accurately.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Abstract
Background
In December 2019, in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was emerged due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It seems that children and neonates, similar to adult and elderly individuals, are at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, adequate data are not available about neonates infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Methods
This study evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates born to mothers or relatives with COVID-19. This cross-sectional study was performed on 25,044 consecutive Iranian participants in Tehran, Iran, from January 2020 to August 2020. Viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from 500 µl of the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal specimens of the participants. The genomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.
Results
Out of all participants, 98 (0.40%) cases were neonates born to mothers or relatives with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the current study was performed on these neonates. Out of 98 studied neonates, 6 (6.1%) cases had positive PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, among 98 studied neonates’ mothers, 25 (25.5%) cases had positive PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Conclusion
The findings of this study demonstrated that the rate of COVID-19 in neonates born to mothers or relatives with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Iranian population is about 6.1%.
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Ahmed, S. I., Khowaja, B. M. H., Barolia, R., Sikandar, R., Rind, G. K., Khan, S., Rani, R., Cheshire, J., Dunlop, C. L., Coomarasamy, A., Sheikh, L., Lissauer, D.
BMJ Open, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Objective
A maternal sepsis management bundle for resource-limited settings was developed through a synthesis of evidence and international consensus. This bundle, called ‘FAST-M’ consists of: Fluids, Antibiotics, Source control, assessment of the need to Transport/Transfer to a higher level of care and ongoing Monitoring (of the mother and neonate). The study aimed to adapt the FAST-M intervention including the bundle care tools for early identification and management of maternal sepsis in a low-resource setting of Pakistan and identify potential facilitators and barriers to its implementation.
Setting
The study was conducted at the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, which is a tertiary referral public sector hospital in Hyderabad.
Design and participants
A qualitative exploratory study comprising key informant interviews and a focus group discussion was conducted with healthcare providers (HCPs) working in the study setting between November 2020 and January 2021, to ascertain the potential facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the FAST-M intervention. Interview guides were developed using the five domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of the individuals and process of implementation.
Results
Four overarching themes were identified, the hindering factors for implementation of the FAST-M intervention were: (1) Challenges in existing system such as a shortage of resources and lack of quality assurance; and (2) Clinical practice variation that includes lack of sepsis guidelines and documentation; the facilitating factors identified were: (3) HCPs’ perceptions about the FAST-M intervention and their positive views about its execution and (4) Development of HCPs readiness for FAST-M implementation that aided in identifying solutions to potential hindering factors at their clinical setting.
Conclusion
The study has identified potential gaps and probable solutions to the implementation of the FAST-M intervention, with modifications for adaptation in the local context
Trial registration number
ISRCTN17105658.
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Hutfless, S., Shiratori, Y., Chu, D., Liu, S., Kalloo, A.
BMJ Open, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Objective
Contaminated reprocessed duodenoscopes pose a serious threat to patients in the endoscopy unit. Despite manufacturer changes to reprocessing guidelines, 20% of reprocessed duodenoscopes meet criteria for quarantine-level contamination based on microbiological or ATP testing. We aimed to examine risk factors for postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) infection.
Design
Retrospective cohort analysis.
Setting
US Medicare Fee-For-Service claims (2015–2021) and all-payer data (2017).
Participants
In the Medicare data, 823 575 ERCP procedures were included. The all-payer five-state data, 16 609 procedures were included.
Interventions
ERCP was identified by Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Disease (ICD) procedure codes. We identified inpatient infections using ICD diagnosis codes.
Outcome measures
A logistic regression model predicted risk factors for infections occurring within 7-day and 30-day periods following ERCP. 7-day and 30-day all-cause hospitalisations and post-ERCP pancreatitis were also examined.
Results
Post-ERCP infection occurred within 3.5% of 7-day and 7.7% of 30-day periods in Medicare. Disposable duodenoscopes were billed in 711 procedures, with 1.4% (n=10, 7-day) and 3.5% (n=25, 30-day) post-ERCP infections. Urgent ERCPs were the strongest risk factor for infections in the 7-day period (OR 3.3, 95% CI 3.2 to 3.4). Chronic conditions, sex (male), age (older) and race (non-white) were also risk factors. In the all-payer five-state data, fewer infections (2.4%, 7 days) were observed. No difference arose between Medicare and other payers for 7-day period infections (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.3).
Conclusions
Urgent ERCPs, patient chronic conditions and patient demographics are post-ERCP infection risk factors. Patients with infection risk factors should be targeted for specialised infection control prevention measures, including disposable duodenoscopes.
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Malaria Journal, 9.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Abstract
Background
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for malaria are the primary tool for malaria diagnosis in sub-Saharan Africa but the utility of the most commonly used histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) antigen-based tests is limited in high transmission settings due to the long duration of positivity after successful malaria treatment. HRP2 tests are also threatened by the emergence of Plasmodium that do not carry pfhrp2 or pfhrp 3 genes. Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)-based tests are promising alternatives, but less available. This study assessed the performances of HRP2 and pLDH(pan) tests under field conditions.
Methods
The study performed a prospective facility-based diagnostic evaluation of two malaria RDTs in Aweil, South Sudan, during the high transmission season. Capillary blood by fingerprick was collected from 800 children under 15 years of age with fever and no signs of severity. SD Bioline HRP2 and CareStart pLDH(pan) RDTs were performed in parallel, thick and thin smears for microscopy were examined, and dried blood was used for PCR testing.
Results
Using microscopy as the gold standard, the sensitivity of both tests was estimated at > 99%, but the specificity of each was lower: 55.0% for the pLDH test and 61.7% for the HRP2 test. When using PCR as the gold standard, the sensitivity of both tests was lower than the values assessed using microscopy (97.0% for pLDH and 96.5% for HRP2), but the specificity increased (65.1% for pLDH and 72.9% for HRP2). Performance was similar across different production lots, sex, and age. Specificity of both the pLDH and HRP2 tests was significantly lower in children who reported taking a therapeutic course of anti-malarials in the 2 months prior to enrollment. The prevalence of pfhrp2/3 deletions in the study population was 0.6%.
Conclusions
The low specificity of the pLDH RDT in this setting confirms previous results and suggests a problem with this specific test. The prevalence of pfhrp2/3 deletions in the study area warrants continued monitoring and underscores the relevance of assessing deletion prevalence nationally. Improved malaria RDTs for high-transmission environments are needed.
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Malaria Journal, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Abstract
Background
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is cytosolic enzyme, which has a vital role for the integrity and functioning of red blood cells. Lower activity of this enzyme leads to the occurrence of acute haemolytic anaemia after exposure to oxidative stressors like primaquine. Primaquine is an important drug for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and blocking transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, and thereby enhancing malaria elimination. However, there is a need to identify G6PD deficient individuals and administer the drug with caution due to its haemolytic side effects. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among malaria-suspected individuals.
Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to September 2021 in Metehara Health Centre, Eastern Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic and clinical information of the study participants. Capillary and venous blood samples were collected based on standard procedures for onsite screening, dried blood spot preparation, and malaria microscopy. The G6PD enzyme activity was measured by careSTART™ G6PD biosensor analyzer. Data was entered and analysed by SPSS.
Results
A total of 498 study participants were included in the study, of which 62% (309) were males. The overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency based on the biosensor screening was 3.6% (18/498), of which 2.9% and 4.8% were males and females, respectively. Eleven of the G6PD deficient samples had mutations confirmed by G6PD gene sequencing analysis. Mutations were detected in G267 + 119C/T, A376T, and ChrX:154535443. A significant association was found in sex and history of previous malaria infection with G6PD deficiency.
Conclusions
The study showed that the G6PD deficient phenotype exists in Metehara even if the prevalence is not very high. G267 + 119C/T mutation is the predominant G6PD variant in this area. Therefore, malaria patient treatment using primaquine should be monitored closely for any adverse effects.
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Parikshit S. Prayag, Shweta P. Panchakshari, Namita P. Mahalle, Surabhi Dhupad, Sampada A. Patwardhan, Sadanand S. Naik, Sharwari Narawade, Sameer Melinkeri, Amrita P. Prayag
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Posaconazole is a broad spectrum triazole antifungal with activity against various clinically important fungi. The delayed release (DR) tablet of posaconazole has been shown to have a superior pharmacokinetic profile in comparison with the oral suspension.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSazaly AbuBakar, Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Randee Kastner, Louisa Oliver, Shi Hao Lim, Riona Hanley, Elaine Gallagher
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by four distinct, but closely related dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (WHO, 2020). Dengue is endemic in Malaysia and continues to be a serious public health threat since its first reported major outbreak in 1902 (Abubakar and Shafee, 2002).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIppazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Carla Fornari, Davide Rozza, Sara Conti, Raffaella di Pasquale, Paolo Cortesi, Shaniko Kaleci, Pietro Ferrara, Alberto Zucchi, Giovanni Maifredi, Andrea Silenzi, Giancarlo Cesana, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Giampiero Mazzaglia
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
: Previous studies ruled out the benefits of azithromycin for COVID-19 treatment in hospitalized patients. However, the effects of azithromycin for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in the community is still a matter of debate. This study aimed at assessing whether azithromycin is associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization, in-hospital COVID-19 outcomes, and death when used in subjects after positive testing for SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZoe Marjenberg, Ciara Wright, Nick Pooley, Ka Wang Cheung, Yusuke Shimakawa, Juan C. Vargas-Zambrano, Emmanuel Vidor
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection incurs a substantial burden worldwide due to the associated cost of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment (Zampino et al., 2015). Global HBV seroprevalence in 2016 was estimated to be 3.9%, with approximately 296 million people living with chronic HBV infection in 2019 and 1.5 million new infections annually (CDA Foundation Polaris Observatory, 2020; World Health Organization, 2021, 2017). In highly endemic countries, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) accounts for most new cases (Gentile and Borgia, 2014).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaartje R. Inklaar, Carolina Barillas-Mury, Matthijs M. Jore
Trends in Parasitology, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
During its life cycle, Plasmodium, the malaria parasite, is exposed to the human and mosquito complement systems. Early experiments demonstrated that activation of complement can pose a serious threat to parasites, but recent studies revealed complement-evasion mechanisms important for parasite survival. Blood-stage parasites and gametes recruit regulators to neutralize human complement activation, while ookinetes inhibit mosquito complement by disrupting epithelial nitration in response to midgut invasion.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFilipe Dantas-Torres, Domenico Otranto
Trends in Parasitology, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto (part of the R. sanguineus group) is a tick found mainly on dogs and occasionally on other hosts; for example, wild carnivores and hedgehogs are speculated to be the hosts for one or several stages of this tick. Previously thought to be distributed worldwide, current available evidence indicates that R. sanguineus s.s. is found predominantly in cold and temperate areas of the Americas (e.g., Argentina, southern Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and the USA) and Europe (e.g., France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Switzerland).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet
Lancet, 10.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
From Sept 19 to 22, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria will gather international donors to replenish funding for its vital core mission towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: ending AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria and building resilient and sustainable health systems. But the global context of this replenishment is unlike any other. The COVID-19 pandemic has rendered vulnerable health systems even more fragile and derailed crucial programmes across the Global Fund's disease portfolio.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicholas J White, James A Watson, Sophie Uyoga, Thomas N Williams, Kathryn M Maitland
Lancet, 10.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
WHO has estimated that nearly 2000 African children die each day as a result of severe falciparum malaria,1 a depressing figure that has changed little since 2015. This terrible death toll is a major justification for the substantial global investments in malaria control. Yet there is little research on severe malaria in humans. The pathobiology and clinical management of the lethal infection are seldom discussed in the interminable international meetings on malaria. The only substantial change in policies in recent years has been WHO's ill-advised and unwarranted moratorium on pre-referral rectal artesunate.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristina Yek, Sarah Warner, Alex Mancera, Sameer S Kadri
Lancet, 10.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Tommy Nyberg and colleagues1 use an unvaccinated cohort to show differences between the intrinsic severity of the omicron (B.1.1.529) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants of SARS-CoV-2 without confounding by pre-existing immunity. They report an 80% reduction in the severity of the omicron compared with the delta variant, suggesting the possibility of living through the COVID-19 pandemic without social and economic disruptions. However, reliance on SARS-CoV-2 test positivity to identify cases of COVID-19 and on all-cause hospitalisations and deaths as outcomes could have introduced misclassification bias and residual confounding.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTommy Nyberg, Neil M Ferguson, Joshua Blake, Wes Hinsley, Samir Bhatt, Daniela De Angelis, Simon Thelwall, Anne M Presanis
Lancet, 10.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
We thank Christina Yek and colleagues for their Correspondence regarding our Article.1 They note that people who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 generally have more severe disease than those who are infected but not tested. This finding could lead to the overestimation of absolute risks, but relative risks are not necessarily biased unless the proportion of detected severe cases differs systematically between variants. Citing modelling results that indicated a declining infection detection rate in the USA during the transition period between the dominance of the delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (B.1.1.529) variants, possibly driven by increasing proportions of undetected infections in people with non-severe disease, Yek and colleagues hypothesise a mechanism for differential detection rates: the omicron cases for which a positive test result was recorded might have included a relatively higher proportion of infected people who were prone to severe disease than the analogous delta cases—for example, because a higher proportion of people infected with the omicron variant who sought testing had comorbidity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLoren E Hernandez, Arvin Jadoo, Robert S Kirsner
Lancet, 10.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
A 37-year-old man attended our hospital with a 1-week history of fever, chills, headaches, sore throat, generalised malaise, and a rash on his arms, legs, trunk, and in his groin. The patient also reported significant pain and discomfort in his rectum when defecating. He had a history of HIV and metastatic Kaposi sarcoma; secondary syphilis, which had been treated; and hypertension. He was prescribed the following medications: emtricitabine-tenofovir, doravarine, darunavir-cobicistat, and hydrochlorothiazide.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristopher M. Richards , Sabrina Jabs , Wenjie Qiao , Lauren D. Varanese , Michaela Schweizer , Peter R. Mosen , Nicholas M. Riley , Malte Klüssendorf , James R. Zengel , Ryan A. Flynn , Arjun Rustagi , John C. Widen , Christine E. Peters , Yaw Shin Ooi , Xuping Xie , Pei-Yong Shi , Ralf Bartenschlager , Andreas S. Puschnik , Matthew Bogyo , Carolyn R. Bertozzi , Catherine A. Blish , Dominic Winter , Claude M. Nagamine , Thomas Braulke , Jan E. Carette
Science, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 9.09.2022
Morgan M. Severn, Alexander R. Horswill
Nat Rev Microbiol, 30.08.2022
Tilføjet 8.09.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 30 August 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00780-3In this Review, Severn and Horswill highlight new developments in our understanding of Staphylococcus epidermidis strain diversity, skin colonization dynamics and its multifaceted positive and negative interactions with the host and other members of the skin microbiota during skin colonization or infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed