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24 emner vises.
Seyyed-Reza Sadat-Ebrahimi, Aysa Rezabakhsh, Naser Aslanabadi, Milad Asadi, Venus Zafari, Dariush Shanebandi, Habib Zarredar, Elgar Enamzadeh, Hamed Taghizadeh, Reza Badalzadeh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
by Seyyed-Reza Sadat-Ebrahimi, Aysa Rezabakhsh, Naser Aslanabadi, Milad Asadi, Venus Zafari, Dariush Shanebandi, Habib Zarredar, Elgar Enamzadeh, Hamed Taghizadeh, Reza Badalzadeh
Background A number of circulating micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have been introduced as convincing predictive determinants in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate some miRNAs’ diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Method Forty-four AHF patients were randomly selected from a tertiary heart center, and 44 healthy participants were included in the control group. Plasma levels of assessed miRNAs, including miR -1, -21, -23, and -423-5-p were measured in both groups. The patients were followed for one year, and several clinical outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, one-year mortality, and the number of readmissions, were recorded. Results An overall 88 plasma samples were evaluated. There was no significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics between the AHF and healthy groups. Our findings revealed that mean levels of miR-1, -21, -23, and -423-5-p in AHF patients were significantly higher than in the control group. Although all assessed miRNAs demonstrated high diagnostic potential, the highest sensitivity (77.2%) and specificity (97.7%) is related to miR-1 for the values above 1.22 (p = 0.001, AUC = 0.841; 95%CI, 0.751 to 946). Besides, the levels of miR-21 and -23 were significantly lower in patients with ischemia-induced HF. However, the follow-up data demonstrated no significant association between miRNAs and prognostic outcomes including in-hospital mortality, one-year mortality, and the number of readmissions. Conclusion The result of our study demonstrated that miR-1, -21, -23, and -423-5-p can be taken into account as diagnostic aids for AHF. Nevertheless, there was no evidence supporting the efficacy of these miRNAs as prognostic factors in our study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexander T. Cohen, Janvi Sah, Amol D. Dhamane, Theodore Lee, Lisa Rosenblatt, Patrick Hlavacek, Birol Emir, Allison Keshishian, Huseyin Yuce, Xuemei Luo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
by Alexander T. Cohen, Janvi Sah, Amol D. Dhamane, Theodore Lee, Lisa Rosenblatt, Patrick Hlavacek, Birol Emir, Allison Keshishian, Huseyin Yuce, Xuemei Luo
This study evaluated effectiveness and safety of apixaban versus warfarin among venous thromboembolism patients at high-risk of bleeding (defined as having at least one of the following bleeding risk factors: ≥75 years; used antiplatelet, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids; had prior gastrointestinal bleeding or gastrointestinal-related conditions; late stage chronic kidney disease). Adult venous thromboembolism patients initiating apixaban or warfarin with ≥1 bleeding risk factor were identified from Medicare and four commercial claims databases in the United States. To balance characteristics between apixaban and warfarin patients, stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting was conducted. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and clinically relevant non-major bleeding. In total, 88,281 patients were identified. After inverse probability treatment weighting, the baseline patient characteristics were well-balanced between the two cohorts. Among venous thromboembolism patients at high-risk of bleeding, apixaban was associated with significantly lower risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding. No significant interactions were observed between treatment and number of risk factors on major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding or between treatment and type of bleeding risk factors on any of the outcomes. In conclusion, apixaban was associated with significantly lower risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding among venous thromboembolism patients at high-risk of bleeding. Effects were generally consistent across subgroups of patients with different number or type of bleeding risk factors.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBjørn Sætrevik, Sebastian B. Bjørkheim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
by Bjørn Sætrevik, Sebastian B. Bjørkheim
Compliance to infection control measures may be influenced both by the fear of negative consequences of a pandemic, but also by the expectation to be able to handle the pandemic’s challenges. We performed a survey on a representative sample for Norway (N = 4,083) in the first weeks of the COVID-19 lock-down in March 2020. We had preregistered hypotheses to test the effect of optimism and perceived risk on compliance. Perceived risk had small effects on increasing compliance and on leading to more careful information gathering. The expected negative association between optimism and compliance was not supported, and there was instead a small positive association. We found a small effect that optimism was associated with seeing less risk from the pandemic and with a larger optimistic bias. Finally, an exploratory analysis showed that seeing the infection control measures as being effective in protecting others explained a substantial proportion of the variation in compliance. The study indicates that how we think about pandemic risk has complex and non-intuitive relationships with compliance. Our beliefs and motivations toward infection control measures appears to be important for compliance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAzene Tesfaye, Agena Anjulo, Addisu Fekadu, Kassaw Beyene, Abebe Girma, Birhanu Gemeda, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Fistum Wolde, Eyob Mulugeta, Aseer Manilal
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
by Azene Tesfaye, Agena Anjulo, Addisu Fekadu, Kassaw Beyene, Abebe Girma, Birhanu Gemeda, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Fistum Wolde, Eyob Mulugeta, Aseer Manilal
Introduction Moringa stenopetala Bak. Cuf. is a native plant of Ethiopia with important nutraceutical applications. However, little is known about its nutritional, ethno-pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. Hence, the present study sought to assess the nutraceutical applications of M. stenopetala among traditional healers in southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 selected administrative units in Gamo Gofa, Segen areas and south Omo zones of southern Ethiopia from May to June 2020. Data were gathered using a semi-structured interview, field observation, and group discussion. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using Excel 2019 and open code version 4.03, respectively. The results were presented using descriptive statistics, with the fidelity level (FL)% used to distinguish the preferential use of various plant parts. Results A total of 120 individuals participated in the study, and the majority of them, 89 (74.2%), were male and farmers by occupation. Eight four (70%) of them were residents of the Gamo Gofa Zone. The fidelity level revealed that the leaf and root were the most commonly used parts for nutraceutical purposes. Remarkably, M. stenopetala is used to treat human ailments such as leprosy and kidney and liver infections via various modes of utilisation and administration. As a result, the most common methods of utilising plant products are chewing or consuming crushed plant parts, and the oral route is the much-preferred method of application. On the other hand, the larvae of Moringa moth Nurda blitealis, are a defoliating insect during the rainy season and have been identified as a limiting factor for its production. Conclusions The nutraceutical aspects of M. stenopetala are extremely important to the rural community in southern Ethiopia. However, the defoliating moth larvae threaten its growth and biomass production, necessitating the need to manage and improve the plant’s productivity and sustainable use. Additionally, conducting experimental studies to validate the plant’s pharmacological potential correspond to a milestone in drug discovery.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJui-Lin Chen, Chelsea N. Fries, Stella J. Berendam, Nicole S. Rodgers, Emily F. Roe, Yaoying Wu, Shuk Hang Li, Rishabh Jain, Brian Watts, Joshua Eudailey, Richard Barfield, Cliburn Chan, M. Anthony Moody, Kevin O. Saunders, Justin Pollara, Sallie R. Permar, Joel H. Collier, Genevieve G. Fouda
Science Advances, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Qi Yang, Anju Kelkar, Anirudh Sriram, Ryoma Hombu, Thomas A. Hughes, Sriram Neelamegham
Science Advances, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Infection, 22.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Abstract
Background
Coagulopathy is still a serious pattern of coronavirus-19 disease. We aimed to evaluate COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and multiple hemostatic markers in Egyptian patients. In addition, to assess coagulation acute phase reactants and its effect on the outcome.
Methods
The study included 106 COVID-19 patients, and 51 controls. All patients were positive for COVID-19 infection by nasopharyngeal swab for detection of viral RNA by real-time PCR. In addition to baseline data and radiological findings, the coagulation profile was done with special attention to Fibrinogen, d-dimer, Factor VIII, von Willebrand factor (VWF), Protein C, Protein S, Antithrombin III (ATIII) and Lupus anticoagulant (LA)-1 and 2.
Results
The results showed significantly higher VWF, d-dimer, and LA1 (screening) and LA2 (confirmation) in patients than a control group. Significantly higher d-dimer FVIII, VWF and LA1-2 were detected in the severe group. ATIII had high diagnostic accuracy in severity prediction. We found a significantly higher international randomized ratio (INR) and VWF among patients with thrombotic events. For prediction of thrombosis; VWF at cutoff > 257.7 has 83.3% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity.
Conclusion
Patients with COVID-19 infection are vulnerable to different forms of coagulopathy. This could be associated with poor outcomes. d-Dimer is a chief tool in diagnosis, severity evaluation but not thrombosis prediction. Early screening for this complication and its proper management would improve the outcome.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Abstract
Background
In persons living with HIV (PLWH), the burden of non-communicable chronic diseases increased over time, because of aging associated with chronic inflammation, systemic immune activation, and long-term exposure to the combination antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Methods
To explore the association of chronological age, age at first ART, and exposure to ART with non-communicable chronic diseases, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in patients enrolled in the SCOLTA Project, stratified by groups of chronological age (50–59 and 60–69 years) and by years of antiretroviral treatment (ART, ≤ 3 or > 3 years).
Results
In 1394 subjects (23.8% women), mean age at enrollment was 57.4 (SD 6.5) years, and at first ART 45.3 (SD 10.7). Men were older than women both at enrollment (57.6 vs 56.8, p = 0.06) and at first ART (45.8 vs 43.6, p = 0.0009). ART duration was longer in women (13.1 vs 11.7 years, p = 0.01). The age- and sex-adjusted rate ratios (aRRs, and 95% confidence interval, CI) showed that longer ART exposure was associated with dyslipidemia (aRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.20–1.52), hypertension (aRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.22–1.89), liver disease (aRR 1.78, 95% CI 1.32–2.41), osteopenia/osteoporosis (aRR 2.88, 95% CI 1.65–5.03) and multimorbidity (aRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.21–1.54). These findings were confirmed in strata of age, adjusting for sex.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that longer ART exposure was associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and osteopenia/osteoporosis, hence the presence of multimorbidity, possibly due to the exposition to more toxic antiretrovirals. We observed different comorbidities, according to ART exposure and age.
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Rikke Thoft Nielsen, Güldas Köse, Louise Sloth, Christian Østergaard Andersen, Jørgen Holm Petersen, Marie Norredam
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Serena Messali, Antonella Bugatti, Federica Filippini, Arnaldo Caruso, Francesca Caccuri
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Maria Francilene Souza Silva, Ana Carolina Matias Dinelly Pinto, Fátima de Cássia Evangelista de Oliveira, Ludmilla Freire Caetano, Fernanda Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo, Marcela Helena Gambim Fonseca
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Julien Lupo, Mansour Tsougaev, Stéphane Blachier, Guillaume Chovelon, Aurélie Truffot, Corentin Leroy, Joris Giai, Olivier Epaulard, Raphaële Germi, Patrice Morand
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
David M Aronoff, Jeanne M Marrazzo
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 23.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
After the legalisation of abortion in the USA in 1973, the risk of infectious morbidity and mortality from this procedure notably decreased. With increasingly restrictive legislation targeting access to safe abortion services, reviewing infectious complications of unsafe pregnancy termination is crucial, particularly the diagnosis and management of life-threatening clostridial (and related anaerobic bacterial) infections that can complicate unsafe abortion. This Review deals with two especially devastating infections that are well-documented causes of septic abortion: the anaerobic, spore-forming pathogens Clostridium perfringens and Paeniclostridium sordellii.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndrew B. Dagens, Amanda Rojek, Louise Sigfrid, Annette Plüddemann
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a dangerous condition with potential to cause epidemics. Several rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been developed to diagnose EVD. These RDTs promise to be quicker and easier to use than the current gold standard diagnostic test, PCR.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPamela Bailey, Majdi N. Al-Hasan
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Timely diagnosis of BSI is essential to improve clinical and antimicrobial management [2]. The consequences of missing a BSI diagnosis are grave given the high risk of complications. On the other hand, obtaining unnecessary blood cultures increases the cost of healthcare. Occasional growth of skin contaminants in blood cultures and the physiologic phenomenon of transient bacteremia due to viridans group streptococci may often complicate clinical management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Hornuss, Theo Daehne, Veronika Goetz, Matthias Mueller, Susanne Usadel, Alexandra Lorz, Maja Mockenhaupt, Daniela Huzly, Sibylle Bierbaum, Jonas Fuchs, Lena Jaki, Valeria Falcone, Georg Kochs, Marcus Panning, Siegbert Rieg
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Since April 2022, increasing numbers of monkeypox (MPX) cases are reported outside endemic areas as part of an international outbreak. Our study shows aspects of clinical manifestations as well as epidemiological and virological features impacting transmission, for which only scarce data are available so far.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPhilippe Saiag, Astrid Blom
Lancet, 12.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Merkel cell carcinoma, a life-threatening but radiosensitive cancer, accounts for less than 1% of all cutaneous malignancies.1 It is found predominantly in White populations and risk factors include older age (ie, age 65 years and older), ultraviolet exposure, male sex, immunosuppression, and Merkel cell polyomavirus infection.1
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThedi Ziegler, Ann Moen, Wenqing Zhang, Nancy J Cox
Lancet, 24.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
When a cluster of respiratory viral infections occurs, early recognition by clinicians linked to a global network is essential for rapid identification of the causal pathogen and subsequent risk assessment and public health response. Crucial to this process are sentinel physician and hospital networks where samples are collected from patients with febrile respiratory infections; trained laboratory staff to identify the causative pathogen; and epidemiologists and public health staff to collect data and evaluate pathogen spread and disease severity in susceptible populations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJane E Sykes
Lancet, 16.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
Sophie Seang and colleagues’ description of human-to-dog transmission of monkeypox virus1 raised concerns about the role of pets in monkeypox virus transmission, reinforcing recommendations from public health authorities that infected people should avoid contact with animals, isolate exposed pets, and consider removing exposed pets from the homes of immunocompromised people.2 For example, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now notes that human-to-dog transmission of monkeypox virus has occurred and that signs in dogs include development of a rash, “which to-date have been located on the abdomen and anus”.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSafraj Shahul Hameed, Elliott Hall, Zoe Grange, Christopher Sullivan, Sharon Kennedy, Lewis D Ritchie, Utkarsh Agrawal, Colin R Simpson, Syed Ahmar Shah, Igor Rudan, Colin McCowan, Josephine L K Murray, Chris Robertson, Aziz Sheikh
Lancet, 24.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
By Aug 10, 2022, 3 497 208 of the estimated 4·4 million adults living in Scotland had received three doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. However, a proportion of the adult population remains unvaccinated (defined as no record of any vaccine being administered) and susceptible to severe COVID-19 outcomes. Characterising this population can help to understand gaps in vaccine coverage and determinants of vaccine hesitancy and could support targeted public health messaging. Unlike the vaccinated population, on whom information is gathered at the point of vaccination, current estimates of the unvaccinated population are calculated using general practitioner (GP) records.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLouise Sandra van Galen, Suat Simsek
Lancet, 24.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
An 80-year-old man with a 1-week history of a red, swollen, and painful right leg presented to our emergency department. Additionally, he had reported long-term fatigue. A deep vein thrombosis was excluded after an ultrasound of his leg and he was found to have an infected ulcer caused by chronic venous insufficiency and an iron deficiency anaemia. The patient was referred to our clinic for further exploration of his anaemia and painful leg.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZaid Alhinai, Sangshin Park, Young-June Choe, Ian C. Michelow
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.09.2022
Tilføjet 23.09.2022
: To compare mRNA-based (mRNA) and adenovirus-vectored vaccines (ADVV) with inactivated virus vaccines (IVV) using real-world aggregate data.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGwen Weeldenburg, Lars Borghouts, Tim van de Laak, Teun Remmers, Menno Slingerland, Steven Vos
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.09.2022
Tilføjet 22.09.2022
by Gwen Weeldenburg, Lars Borghouts, Tim van de Laak, Teun Remmers, Menno Slingerland, Steven Vos
The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of TARGET-based teaching strategies on students’ motivation in a Dutch secondary school PE context. We examined to what extent mastery climate teaching strategies perceived by students (independently or interactively) explain variability in students’ motivation towards PE. In total 3,150 students (48.2% girls; 51.8% boys) with a mean age of 13.91 years (SD = 1.40) completed the Behavioural Regulations in Physical Education Questionnaire (BRPEQ), measuring students’ autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and amotivation, and the Mastery Teaching Perception Questionnaire (MTP-Q), measuring student-perceived application of mastery TARGET teaching strategies. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that after controlling for gender, age, and educational type, the predictive effects of the perceived mastery climate teaching strategies differed by motivational outcome. Overall, students who reported higher levels of perceived application of mastery TARGET teaching strategies showed more autonomous motivation and less amotivation. Specifically, the teaching strategies within the task structure were the strongest predictors for students’ autonomous motivation and amotivation. No meaningful statistically significant two-way interaction effects between any of the TARGET variables were found, supporting the proposition of an additive relationship between the TARGET teaching strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMariane Daou, Hussein Kannout, Mariam Khalili, Mohamed Almarei, Mohamed Alhashami, Zainab Alhalwachi, Fatima Alshamsi, Mohammad Tahseen Al Bataineh, Mohd Azzam Kayasseh, Abdulmajeed Al Khajeh, Shadi W. Hasan, Guan K. Tay, Samuel F. Feng, Dymitr Ruta, Ahmed F. Yousef, Habiba S. Alsafar, on behalf of the UAE COVID-19 Collaborative Partnership
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.09.2022
Tilføjet 22.09.2022
by Mariane Daou, Hussein Kannout, Mariam Khalili, Mohamed Almarei, Mohamed Alhashami, Zainab Alhalwachi, Fatima Alshamsi, Mohammad Tahseen Al Bataineh, Mohd Azzam Kayasseh, Abdulmajeed Al Khajeh, Shadi W. Hasan, Guan K. Tay, Samuel F. Feng, Dymitr Ruta, Ahmed F. Yousef, Habiba S. Alsafar, on behalf of the UAE COVID-19 Collaborative Partnership
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in respiratory samples and was found to commonly cause cough and pneumonia. However, non-respiratory symptoms including gastrointestinal disorders are also present and a big proportion of patients test positive for the virus in stools for a prolonged period. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated viral load trends in stools and nasopharyngeal swabs and their correlation with multiple demographic and clinical factors. The study included 211 laboratory-confirmed cases suffering from a mild form of the disease and completing their isolation period at a non-hospital center in the United Arab Emirates. Demographic and clinical information was collected by standardized questionnaire and from the medical records of the patient. Of the 211 participants, 25% tested negative in both sample types at the time of this study and 53% of the remaining patients had detectable viral RNA in their stools. A positive fecal viral test was associated with male gender, diarrhea as a symptom, and hospitalization during infection. A positive correlation was also observed between a delayed onset of symptoms and a positive stool test. Viral load in stools positively correlated with, being overweight, exercising, taking antibiotics in the last 3 months and blood type O. The viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs, on the other hand, was higher for blood type A, and rhesus positive (Rh factor). Regression analysis showed no correlation between the viral loads measured in stool and nasopharyngeal samples in any given patient. The results of this work highlight the factors associated with a higher viral count in each sample. It also shows the importance of stool sample analysis for the follow-up and diagnosis of recovering COVID-19 patients.
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