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Marco De Ambrogi
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7.10.2022
Tilføjet 7.10.2022
The debate around risks and benefits provided by vaccines and the radicalisation of antivaccine movements started several years ago but they have become very familiar to everyone after COVID-19 swept the world. In some countries, enforcement of COVID-19 vaccination has been very divisive, especially when proof of vaccination became mandatory to access to public places or keep healthcare workers and teachers in their job. The debate around vaccination became further heated when the focus moved from vaccines for adults to children.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCarole Eldin, Yves Hansmann
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7.10.2022
Tilføjet 7.10.2022
Antibiotic therapy duration is a major public health issue worldwide. Shortening antibiotic treatment is a way to limit the use of antibiotics and to limit adverse effects, costs, and the risks related to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The consensus is to treat patients with the shortest possible duration of the antibiotic treatment without compromising the effectiveness of said treatment. However, observation shows that there is still progress to be made for the correct prescription of antibiotics in Europe.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaša Stupica, Stefan Collinet-Adler, Rok Blagus, Anja Gomišček, Tjaša Cerar Kišek, Eva Ružić-Sabljić, Maša Velušček
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7.10.2022
Tilføjet 7.10.2022
Our data support 7 days of oral doxycycline for adult European patients with solitary erythema migrans, permitting less antibiotic exposure than current guideline-driven therapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCéline Nourrisson, Maxime Moniot, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Estelle Robert, Virginie Bonnin, Ferry Hagen, Frédéric Grenouillet, Claudia Cafarchia, Geraldine Butler, Sophie Cassaing, Marcela Sabou, Patrice Le Pape, Philippe Poirier, Florent Morio
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Diutina (Candida) catenulata is an ascomycetous yeast isolated from environmental sources and animals, occasionally infecting humans. The aim of this study is to shed light on the in vitro antifungal susceptibility and the genetic diversity of this opportunistic yeast.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAjit A. Londhe, Chantal E. Holy, James Weaver, Sergio Fonseca, Angelina Villasis-Keever, Daniel Fife
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Ajit A. Londhe, Chantal E. Holy, James Weaver, Sergio Fonseca, Angelina Villasis-Keever, Daniel Fife
Objective The risk of retinal detachment (RD) following exposure to fluoroquinolone (FQ) has been assessed in multiple studies, however, results have been mixed. This study was designed to estimate the risk of RD following exposure to FQ, other common antibiotics, and febrile illness not treated with antibiotics (FINTA) using a self-controlled case series (SCCS) study design to reduce risk of confounding from unreported patient characteristics. Design Retrospective database analysis–SCCS. Setting Primary and Secondary Care. Study population 40,981 patients across 3 US claims databases (IBM® MarketScan® commercial and Medicare databases, Optum Clinformatics). Outcome RD. Methods Exposures included FQ as a class of drugs, amoxicillin, azithromycin, trimethoprim with and without sulfamethoxazole, and FINTA. For the primary analysis, all drug formulations were included. For the post hoc sensitivity analyses, only oral tablets were included. Risk windows were defined as exposure period (or FINTA duration) plus 30 days. Patients of all ages with RD and exposures in 3 US claims databases between 2012 to 2017 were included. Diagnostics included p value calibration and pre-exposure outcome analyses. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing risk window time with other time were calculated. Results Our primary analysis showed an increased risk for RD in the 30 days prior to exposure to FQ or trimethoprim without sulfamethoxazole. This risk decreased but remained elevated for 30 days following first exposure. Our post-hoc analysis, which excluded ophthalmic drops, showed no increased risk for RD at any time, with FQ and other antibiotics. Conclusion Our results did not suggest an association between FQ and RD. Oral FQ was not associated with an increased risk for RD during the pre- or post-exposure period. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03479736-March 21, 2018.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedÂngelo Antônio Oliveira Silva, Leonardo Maia Leony, Wayner Vieira de Souza, Natália Erdens Maron Freitas, Ramona Tavares Daltro, Emily Ferreira Santos, Larissa de Carvalho Medrado Vasconcelos, Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi, Carlos Gustavo Regis-Silva, Fred Luciano Neves Santos
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva, Leonardo Maia Leony, Wayner Vieira de Souza, Natália Erdens Maron Freitas, Ramona Tavares Daltro, Emily Ferreira Santos, Larissa de Carvalho Medrado Vasconcelos, Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi, Carlos Gustavo Regis-Silva, Fred Luciano Neves Santos
In Brazil, the notification of congenital (CS) and syphilis in pregnant women (SiP) is compulsory. Notification data provided by the Ministry of Health in combination with the mapping of vulnerable geographic areas is essential to forecasting possible outbreaks and more effectively combating infection through monitoring. We aim to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemiological aspects of reported cases of CS and SiP in Brazil. A retrospective ecological study was carried out using secondary surveillance data obtained from the Brazilian National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) database, considering all reported cases of CS and SiP between 2001 to 2017. Epidemiological characteristics and time trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression models and spatial distribution, considering microregions or states/macroregions as units of analysis. A total of 188,630 (359/100,000 birth lives) CS and 235,895 of SiP (6.3/100,000 inhabitants) were reported during the period studied. In general, the epidemiologic profile of Brazil indicates most reported CS cases occurred in 'mixed-race' newborns who were diagnosed within seven days of birth and whose mothers had received prenatal care, but the epidemiologic profile varies by Brazilian macroregion. Regarding SiP, most cases were among women who self-reported ‘mixed-race’, were aged 20–39 years, had up to eight years of formal education and were diagnosed with primary or latent syphilis. Approximately 549 (98.4%) and 558 (100%) microregions reported at least one case of CS and SiP, respectively. From 2012 to 2016, CS cases increased significantly in almost all Brazilian states, most notably in the South, Southeast, and Central-West macroregions, from 2001–2017 and the relative risk (RR) of SiP increased around 400% (RR: 1,00 to 445,50). Considering the epidemiological scenario of the infection in Brazil, it is necessary to enhance preventive, control and eradication measures.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmily B. Cooney, Carla J. Walton, Sharleen Gonzalez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Emily B. Cooney, Carla J. Walton, Sharleen Gonzalez
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is an intensive and multi-modal intervention developed for individuals with multiple comorbidities and high-risk behaviours. During pandemic-related lockdowns, many DBT services transitioned to delivering treatment via telehealth, but some did not. The current study sought to explore the experience of DBT teams in Australia and New Zealand who did and did not transition to telehealth during the early stages of the COVID19 pandemic, as the majority of research on DBT via telehealth has originated from North America, and focussed on therapists who did make this transition. DBT team leaders in Australia and New Zealand completed a survey with open-ended questions about the barriers they encountered to delivering DBT via telehealth, and for those teams that implemented telehealth, the solutions to those barriers. Respondents were also asked about specific barriers encountered by Indigenous and Pacific people service users. Of the 73 team leaders who took part, 56 reported providing either individual therapy, skills training or both modalities via video-call during lockdown. Themes emerging from perceived barriers affecting just DBT providers included the assessment & management of emotions and high-risk behaviours, threats to privacy and information security posed by telehealth, logistical issues related to remote sessions, and the remote management of therapy-interfering behaviour. Themes emerging from perceived barriers affecting both providers and service users included disruptions to therapeutic alliance, lack of willingness, lack of technical knowledge, lack of private spaces to do DBT via telehealth, and lack of resources. The solutions most frequently cited were the provision of education and training for therapists and service users in the use of telehealth, and the provision of resources to access telehealth. These findings are relevant to clinical delivery of DBT, as well as planning and funding for DBT telehealth services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah E. Gollust, Chris Frenier, Margaret Tait, Colleen Bogucki, Jeff Niederdeppe, Steven T. Moore, Laura Baum, Erika Franklin Fowler
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Sarah E. Gollust, Chris Frenier, Margaret Tait, Colleen Bogucki, Jeff Niederdeppe, Steven T. Moore, Laura Baum, Erika Franklin Fowler
Televised public service announcements were one of the ways that the U.S. federal government distributed health information about the COVID-19 pandemic to Americans in 2020. However, little is known about the reach of these campaigns or the populations who might have been exposed to the information these ads conveyed. We conducted a descriptive analysis of federally-affiliated public service announcement airings to assess where they were aired and the market-level social and demographic characteristics associated with the airings. We found no correspondence between airings and COVID-19 incidence rates from March to December 2020, but we found a positive association between airings and the Democratic vote share of the market, adjusting for other market demographic characteristics. Our results suggest that PSAs may have contributed to divergent exposure to health information among the U.S. public during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNam Than, Zamri Chik, Amy Bowers, Luisa Bozano, Aminat Adebiyi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Nam Than, Zamri Chik, Amy Bowers, Luisa Bozano, Aminat Adebiyi
Disease detection through gas analysis has long been the topic of many studies because of its potential as a rapid diagnostic technique. In particular, the pathogens that cause urinary tract infection (UTI) have been shown to generate different profiles of volatile organic compounds, thus enabling the discrimination of causative agents using an electronic nose. While past studies have performed data collection on either agar culture or jellified urine culture, this study measures the headspace volume of liquid urine culture samples. Evaporation of the liquid and the presence of background compounds during electronic nose (e-nose) device operation could introduce variability to the collected data. Therefore, a headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantitating ethanol in the headspace of the urine samples. By leveraging the new method to characterize the sample stability during e-nose measurement, it was revealed that ethanol concentration dropped more than 15% after only three measurement cycles, which equal 30 minutes for this study. It was further shown that by using only data within the first three cycles, better accuracies for between-day classification were achieved, which was 73.7% and 97.0%, compared to using data from within the first nine cycles, which resulted in 65.0% and 81.1% accuracies. Therefore, the newly developed method provides better quality control for data collection, paving ways for the future establishment of a training data library for UTI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHittanahallikoppal Gajendramurthy Gowtham, Mahadevamurthy Murali, Sudarshana Brijesh Singh, Chandan Shivamallu, Sushma Pradeep, C. S. Shivakumar, Satish Anandan, Anjana Thampy, Raghu Ram Achar, Ekaterina Silina, Victor Stupin, Joaquín Ortega-Castro, Juan Frau, Norma Flores-Holguín, Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh, Shiva Prasad Kollur, Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Hittanahallikoppal Gajendramurthy Gowtham, Mahadevamurthy Murali, Sudarshana Brijesh Singh, Chandan Shivamallu, Sushma Pradeep, C. S. Shivakumar, Satish Anandan, Anjana Thampy, Raghu Ram Achar, Ekaterina Silina, Victor Stupin, Joaquín Ortega-Castro, Juan Frau, Norma Flores-Holguín, Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh, Shiva Prasad Kollur, Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in females worldwide and poses a great challenge that necessitates the identification of novel therapeutic agents from several sources. This research aimed to study the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of four proteins (such as PDB: 6CBZ, 1FDW, 5GWK and 2WTT) with the selected phytochemicals from Withania somnifera to identify the potential inhibitors for breast cancer. The molecular docking result showed that among 44 compounds, two of them, Ashwagandhanolide and Withanolide sulfoxide have the potential to inhibit estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), 17-beta-hydroxysteroid -dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1), topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and p73 tetramerization domain that are expressed during breast cancer. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations results suggested that Ashwagandhanolide remained inside the binding cavity of four targeted proteins and contributed favorably towards forming a stable protein-ligand complex throughout the simulation. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) properties confirmed that Ashwagandhanolide is hydrophobic and has moderate intestinal permeability, good intestinal absorption, and poor skin permeability. The compound has a relatively low VDss value (-1.652) and can be transported across ABC transporter and good central nervous system (CNS) permeability but did not easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This compound does not possess any mutagenicity, hepatotoxicity and skin sensitization. Based on the results obtained, the present study highlights the anticancer potential of Ashwagandhanolide, a compound from W. somnifera. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to perform before clinical trials to prove the potentiality of Ashwagandhanolide.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatiwos Soboka, Esayas Kebede Gudina, Mulatu Gashaw, Hiwot Amare, Melkamu Berhane, Hailemichale Desalegn, Dagimawi Tewolde, Mulusew Gerbababa Jebena, Solomon Ali, Andreas Wieser, Guenter Froeschl, Markos Tesfaye
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Matiwos Soboka, Esayas Kebede Gudina, Mulatu Gashaw, Hiwot Amare, Melkamu Berhane, Hailemichale Desalegn, Dagimawi Tewolde, Mulusew Gerbababa Jebena, Solomon Ali, Andreas Wieser, Guenter Froeschl, Markos Tesfaye
Background Depression is the most common mental health problem, and frequently associated with physical illnesses. A link between depression, dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has previously been reported. However, there is limited data regarding the association between these conditions from sub-Saharan Africa where they are highly prevalent. Objective This study aimed at elucidating the potential associations between depression, dyspepsia and H. pylori infection in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a community based cross-sectional study involving urban and rural residents aged 13 years or older in Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. A total of 871 participants were evaluated using a structured case reporting format for symptoms of dyspepsia and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. Additionally, participants were assessed for H. pylori infection using stool antigen and serology tests. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the association between depression, dyspepsia and H. pylori infection after controlling for potential confounders. Results The prevalence of PHQ-9 scores indicative of probable case of depression among all participants was 10.9%. The prevalence of probable case of depression among patients who had at least one symptom of dyspepsia was 13.3% (X2 = 15.1 = p-value
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbdisa Tufa, Tewodros Haile Gebremariam, Tsegahun Manyazewal, Yidnekachew Asrat, Tewodros Getinet, Tsegaye Gebreyes Hundie, Dominic-Luc Webb, Per M. Hellström, Solomon Genet
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Abdisa Tufa, Tewodros Haile Gebremariam, Tsegahun Manyazewal, Yidnekachew Asrat, Tewodros Getinet, Tsegaye Gebreyes Hundie, Dominic-Luc Webb, Per M. Hellström, Solomon Genet
Introduction In hospitalized COVID-19, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and serum creatinine is sometimes measured under assumption they predict disease severity and mortality. We determined the potential value of NLR and serum creatinine as predictors of disease severity and mortality in COVID-19. Methods Prospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients admitted to premier COVID-19 treatment hospitals in Ethiopia. Predictive capability of biomarkers in progression and prognosis of COVID-19 was analyzed using receiver operating characteristics. Survival of COVID-19 patients with different biomarker levels was computed. Logistic regression assessed associations between disease severity and mortality on NLR and serum creatinine adjusted for odds ratio (AOR). Results The study enrolled 126 adults with severe (n = 68) or mild/moderate (n = 58) COVID-19, with median age 50 [interquartile range (IQR 20–86)]; 57.1% males. The NLR value was significantly higher in severe cases [6.68 (IQR 3.03–12.21)] compared to the mild/moderate [3.23 (IQR 2.09–5.39)], with the NLR value markedly associated with disease severity (p<0.001). Mortality was higher in severe cases [13 (19.1%)] compared to mild/moderate cases [2 (3.4%)] (p = 0.007). The NLR value was significantly higher in non-survivors [15.17 (IQR 5.13–22.5)] compared to survivors [4.26 (IQR 2.40–7.90)] (p = 0.002). Serum creatinine was significantly elevated in severe cases [34 (50%)] compared with mild/moderate [11 (19%)] (p<0.001). Disease severity [AOR 6.58, 95%CI (1.29–33.56), p = 0.023] and NLR [AOR 1.07, 95%CI (1.02–1.12), p = 0.004)] might be associated with death. NLR had a sensitivity and specificity of 69.1% and 60.3% as predictor of disease severity (cut-off >4.08), and 86.7% and 55.9% as prognostic marker of mortality (cut-off >4.63). Conclusion In COVID-19, NLR is a biomarker with only modest accuracy for predicting disease severity and mortality. Still, patients with NLR >4.63 are more likely to die. Monitoring of this biomarker at the earliest stage of the disease may predict outcome. Additionally, high creatinine seems related to disease severity and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmy E. Galena, Jianmin Chai, Jiangchao Zhang, Michele Bednarzyk, Doreen Perez, Judith D. Ochrietor, Alireza Jahan-Mihan, Andrea Y. Arikawa
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Amy E. Galena, Jianmin Chai, Jiangchao Zhang, Michele Bednarzyk, Doreen Perez, Judith D. Ochrietor, Alireza Jahan-Mihan, Andrea Y. Arikawa
The primary objective of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of regular consumption of fermented vegetables for six weeks on markers of inflammation and the composition of the gut microflora in women (clinical trials ID: NTC03407794). Thirty-one women were randomized into one of three groups: 100 g/day of fermented vegetables (group A), 100 g/day pickled vegetables (group B), or no vegetables (group C) for six weeks. Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and blood and stool samples were provided before and after the intervention for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). Next-generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Participants’ ages ranged between 18 and 69 years. Both groups A and B had a mean daily consumption of 91g of vegetables for 32 and 36 days, respectively. Serum CRP ranged between 0.9 and 265 ng/mL (SD = 92.4) at baseline, while TNF-α and LBP concentrations ranged between 0 and 9 pg/mL (SD = 2.3), and 7 and 29 μg/mL (SD = 4.4), respectively. There were no significant changes in levels of inflammatory markers among groups. At timepoint 2, group A showed an increase in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P = 0.022), a decrease in Ruminococcus torques (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAkito Taniguchi, Ryuichiro Aoki, Isamu Inoue, Mitsuru Eguchi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
by Akito Taniguchi, Ryuichiro Aoki, Isamu Inoue, Mitsuru Eguchi
We investigated the succession process of intestinal bacteria during seed production in full-cycle aquaculture of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis). During the seed production, eggs, healthy fish, rearing water, and feeds from three experimental rounds in 2012 and 2013 were collected before transferring to offshore net cages and subjected to a fragment analysis of the bacterial community structure. We identified a clear succession of intestinal bacteria in bluefin tuna during seed production. While community structures of intestinal bacteria in the early stage of larvae were relatively similar to those of rearing water and feed, the bacterial community structures seen 17 days after hatching were different. Moreover, although intestinal bacteria in the late stage of larvae were less diverse than those in the early stage of larvae, the specific bacteria were predominant, suggesting that the developed intestinal environment of the host puts selection pressure on the bacteria in the late stage. The specific bacteria in the late stage of larvae, which likely composed ‘core microbiota’, were also found on the egg surface. The present study highlights that proper management of the seed production process, including the preparation of rearing water, feeds, and fish eggs, is important for the aquaculture of healthy fish.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Abstract
Severe malaria is a medical emergency. It is a major cause of preventable childhood death in tropical countries. Severe malaria justifies considerable global investment in malaria control and elimination yet, increasingly, international agencies, funders and policy makers are unfamiliar with it, and so it is overlooked. In sub-Saharan Africa, severe malaria is overdiagnosed in clinical practice. Approximately one third of children diagnosed with severe malaria have another condition, usually sepsis, as the cause of their severe illness. But these children have a high mortality, contributing substantially to the number of deaths attributed to ‘severe malaria’. Simple well-established tests, such as examination of the thin blood smear and the full blood count, improve the specificity of diagnosis and provide prognostic information in severe malaria. They should be performed more widely. Early administration of artesunate and broad-spectrum antibiotics to all children with suspected severe malaria would reduce global malaria mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Abstract
Purpose
This case series describes real-world utilization of cefiderocol and associated clinical outcomes in the setting of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Methods
Adult hospitalized patients administered at least 5 days of cefiderocol as definitive treatment from October 1, 2020 to September 16, 2021 were included in this retrospective cohort analysis. The primary outcome was clinical success defined as a composite of 30 day survival, resolution of infection, and absence of 30 day recurrence of the same organism.
Results
Among 24 patients, pneumonia (19, 79%) was the most common source of infection with Acinetobacter baumannii (14, 58%) and P. aeruginosa (10, 42%) as the predominant organisms isolated. Cefiderocol monotherapy was used as definitive treatment in 16 (67%) patients. Eleven patients (46%) met clinical success. Thirty-day mortality occurred in ten (42%) patients while seven (29%) patients had recurrence of infection. Thirteen out of 21 total isolates (62%) tested for susceptibility were deemed susceptible. Of the 16 patients with available susceptibility, 9 (56%) had an infection where all isolated organisms were susceptible to cefiderocol.
Conclusions
Our results provide additional insight into the in vivo activity of cefiderocol. Cefiderocol remains a salvage option for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative organisms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Infection, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Abstract
Purpose
In recent years an earlier step down to oral antibiotic therapy has been advocated for numerous infections. Trained infectious disease specialists regularly consulting their colleagues may speed up the implementation of such recommendations into clinical practice and thus may improve treatment.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed bone and joint infections in children admitted to the University Hospital of Cologne between 2010 and 2021. We assessed clinical, imaging, and microbiological findings and treatment modalities. Additionally, we assessed both the impact of a newly implemented pediatric infectious diseases consultation service and publications on revised treatment recommendations by comparing antibiotic therapy in two periods (2010–2016 versus 2017 to 2021).
Results
In total, 29 children presented with osteomyelitis, 16 with bacterial arthritis and 7 with discitis. In period 2 (2017–2021) we observed shorter duration of intravenous treatment (p = 0.009) and a higher percentage of oral antibiotic treatment in relation to the total duration of antibiotics (25% versus 59%, p = 0.007) compared to period 1 (2010–2016).
Yet, no differences were identified for the total length of antibiotic treatment. Additionally, biopsies or synovial fluid samples were retrieved and cultured in more children in period 2 (p = 0.077). The main pathogen identified in osteomyelitis and bacterial arthritis was Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), diagnosis was confirmed predominantly with MRI.
Conclusion
Recent guidelines addressing the safety of an earlier step-down (to oral) antibiotic therapy have influenced clinical practice in the treatment of bone and joint infections in our hospital. A newly implemented pediatric infectious diseases consultation service might have accelerated this progress resulting in a faster step down to oral treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Mariska M.G. Leeflang
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Trust in science is crucial and concerns about the credibility of scientists may undermine evidence-based policy making. During the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific credibility was challenged by a lack of scientific evidence to back up policy decisions at the start of the pandemic, followed by a huge and overwhelming increase of scientific publications, often of poor quality [1]. However, concerns about the trust that the general public has in science are not new. In 1999, researchers stated that the scientific community has a credibility problem because of scientific involvement in genetic modification of crops [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKeith A. Sacco, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Ottavia M. Delmonte
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Over 95% of humans have been infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and develop anti-EBV IgG antibodies conferring immunity. However, in specific populations, EBV may induce a range of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). EBV may also contribute to T cell and NK Cell lymphoproliferation. The immune system is essential to prevent infection and development of cancer. Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a heterogenous group of over 450 genetic disorders predisposing to severe and/or recurrent infection, autoimmunity, autoinflammation or early-onset/severe neoplasia or lymphoproliferation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Abstract
Background
Burkholderia cepacia (BC) has been detected more and more in infected patients in recent years. However, as a high-risk population, the clinical characteristics and prognosis of BC infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to obtain data that will help fill in the gaps in this field, provide evidence for reducing the mortality rate of BC infection in HSCT patients, and guide the use of antibiotics in the future.
Methods
Electronic medical records of patients with BC infection who underwent HSCT in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2021 were collected. At the same time, 1:1 case–control matching was conducted according to gender, age and disease type. Comparisons between patients with/without BC infection and respiratory failure were made respectively, and the sensitivity of BC to five clinically commonly used antibiotics was also evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for death.
Results
The most common site of BC infection in HSCT patients was the lung (75%). Although BC infection rate (3.74%) and antibiotic resistance were not significant, it was closely associated with a higher risk of death (P = 0.022), which even further increased to 90.9% when combined with respiratory failure (P = 0.008). Procalcitonin > 10 µg/L (HR = 40.88, 95% CI 6.51–256.63, P = 0.000) and septic shock (HR = 4.08, 95% CI 1.02–16.33, P = 0.047) were two independent risk factors for death.
Conclusion
HSCT patients with BC infection are in critical condition, and the management of respiratory infection should be especially strengthened to improve the prognosis of these patients.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 5.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Abstract
Introduction
Randomised controlled trials have shown that steroids reduce the risk of dying in patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), whilst many real-world studies have failed to replicate this result. We aim to investigate real-world effectiveness of steroids in severe COVID-19.
Methods
Clinical, demographic, and viral genome data extracted from electronic patient record (EPR) was analysed from all SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive patients admitted with severe COVID-19, defined by hypoxia at presentation, between March 13th 2020 and May 27th 2021. Steroid treatment was measured by the number of prescription-days with dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone or methylprednisolone. The association between steroid > 3 days treatment and disease outcome was explored using multivariable cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for confounders (including age, gender, ethnicity, co-morbidities and SARS-CoV-2 variant). The outcome was in-hospital mortality.
Results
1100 severe COVID-19 cases were identified having crude hospital mortality of 15.3%. 793/1100 (72.1%) individuals were treated with steroids and 513/1100 (46.6%) received steroid ≤ 3 days. From the multivariate model, steroid > 3 days was associated with decreased hazard of in-hospital mortality (HR: 0.47 (95% CI: 0.31–0.72)).
Conclusion
The protective effect of steroid treatment for severe COVID-19 reported in randomised clinical trials was replicated in this retrospective study of a large real-world cohort.
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Lucile Pantel, François Guérin, Marine Serri, François Gravey, Jessica Houard, Kelly Maurent, Marie Attwood, Alan Noel, Alasdair MacGowan, Emilie Racine, Vincent Cattoir, Maxime Gualtieri aNosopharm, Nîmes, France bCHU de Rennes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Rennes, France cUniversité de Rennes 1, Unité INSERM U1230 BRM, Rennes, France dUniversité de Caen Normandie, Dynamicure, INSERM U1311, CHU de Caen, Caen, France eCHU de Caen, service de bactériologie, Caen, France fBristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research and Evaluation (BCARE), Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Deepta Bhattacharya, Gabriel D. Victora
Nature, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Nature Medicine, Published online: 06 October 2022; doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02048-yEmerging evidence shows that boosting with updated mRNA vaccines that target SARS-CoV-2 variants stimulates better neutralizing antibody responses than homologous boosters.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSpyros Chalkias, Frank Eder, Brandon Essink, Shishir Khetan, Biliana Nestorova, Jing Feng, Xing Chen, Ying Chang, Honghong Zhou, David Montefiori, Darin K. Edwards, Bethany Girard, Rolando Pajon, Frank J. Dutko, Brett Leav, Stephen R. Walsh, Lindsey R. Baden, Jacqueline M. Miller, Rituparna Das
Nature, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Nature Medicine, Published online: 06 October 2022; doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02031-7A bivalent vaccine encoding the ancestral and Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins boosts neutralizing antibody responses against multiple viral variants, suggesting that a bivalent approach is an effective strategy to broadly enhance protection against COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCecatti, J. G., Bahamondes, L., Ali, M., Alangea, D. O., Brizuela, V., Nahyuha Chomi, E., Kouanda, S., Karmaliani, R., Ladak, L., Lumbiganon, P., Emefa, M., Jen, S., Kuganantham, H., Kim, C., WHO HRP Social Science Research Team, Bahamondes, Cecatti, Chomi, Kouanda, Tang, Guo, Yifang, Zhu, Yang, Peng, Alangea, Tropsey, Modey, Karmaliani, Ladak, Lumbiganon, Sothornwit, Ali, Kim, Kuganantham, Brizuela, Thorson, Chebet, Abrego, Thwin, Seuc
BMJ Open, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Introduction
WHO has generated standardised clinical and epidemiological research protocols to address key public health questions for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. We present a standardised protocol with the aim to fill a gap in understanding the needs, attitudes and practices related to sexual and reproductive health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on pregnancy, pregnancy prevention and abortion.
Methods and analysis plan
This protocol is a prospective qualitative research, using semi-structured interviews with at least 15 pregnant women at different gestational ages and after delivery, 6 months apart from the first interview. At least 10 partners, 10 non-pregnant women and 5 healthcare professionals will be interviewed once during the course of the research. Higher number of subjects may be needed if a saturation is not achieved with these numbers. Data collection will be performed in a standardised way by skilled trained interviewers using written notes or audio-record of the interview. The data will be explored using the thematic content analysis and the researchers will look for broad patterns, generalisations or theories from these categories.
Ethics and dissemination
The current protocol was first technically assessed and approved by the WHO scientific committee and then approved by its ethics review committee as a guidance document. It is expected that each country/setting implementing such a generic protocol adapted to their conditions also obtain local ethical approval. Comments for the user’s consideration are provided the document, as the user may need to modify methods slightly because of the local context in which this study will be carried out.
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Abdisa, L., Alemu, A., Heluf, H., Sertsu, A., Dessie, Y., Negash, B., Ayana, G. M., Letta, S.
BMJ Open, 6.10.2022
Tilføjet 6.10.2022
Objective
This study aimed to assess factors associated with poor medication adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic among hypertensive patients visiting public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.
Setting
Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Harari regional state and Dire Dawa Administration from 1 January to 30 February 2022. Both settings are found in Eastern Ethiopia.
Participants
A total of 402 adult hypertensive patients who visited the chronic diseases clinic for follow-up were included in the study.
Main outcome measures
The main outcome measure was poor medication adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results
The level of poor antihypetensive medication adherence was 63% (95% CI 48.1 to 67.9). Patients who had no formal education (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.56, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.30), existing comorbid conditions (AOR=1.98, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.35), self-funded for medication cost (AOR=2.05, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.73), poor knowledge about hypertension (HTN) and its treatment (AOR=2.67, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.99), poor patient–physician relationship (AOR=1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.34) and unavailability of medication (AOR=5.05, 95% CI 2.78 to 12.04) showed significant association with poor medication adherence during the pandemic of COVID-19.
Conclusion
The level of poor antihypertensive medication adherence was high in this study. No formal education, comorbidity, self-funded medication cost, poor knowledge about HTN and its treatment, poor patient–physician relationship, and unavailability of medication during the COVID-19 pandemic were factors significantly associated with poor adherence to antihypertensive medication. All stakeholders should take into account and create strategies to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medication adherence of chronic diseases.
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