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BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Abstract
Background
There is little evidence about consistency between nasopharyngeal and pulmonary pathogens in children with severe pneumonia. This study aims to compare the difference of pathogens between nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) collected before bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP).
Methods
NPAs and BALFs were collected form pediatric SCAP cases hospitalized from January 2018 to March 2019. NPAs were colleced within 3 days before bronchoscopy. Samples were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) for seven respiratory viruses and by routine bacterial culture in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Adenovirus (ADV), Influenza virus types A, B (IV-A and IV-B), Parainfluenza virus 1–3 (PIV1-3) were detected with a commercial assay. The virological and bacteriological detention results of NPAs were compared with the results of BALFs.
Results
In total 204 cases with mean age of 3.4 ± 2.8 years (IQR, 1 month-14 years) were included in the study. Both NPA and BALF were collected from those cases. The positive rates of pathogen in NPAs and BALFs were 25.0% (51/204) and 36.7% (75/204), respectively (x2 = 6.614, P = 0.010). Respiratory viruses were found in 16.1% (33/204) from NPAs and 32.3% (66/204) from BALFs (x2 = 14.524, P < 0.001). RSV and ADV were the two most frequent detected viruses in NPAs and BALFs. High consistentcy of pathogens between NPAs and BALFs was observed, and 96.9% (32/33) viruses detected in NPAs were also found in BALFs. While bacteria were isolated from 12.7% (26/204) and 10.7% (22/204) of the two kinds of samples, respectively (x2 = 0.378, P = 0.539). In addition, Haemophilus influenzae (HI) was the dominant germ in both samples.
Conclusion
The DFA method used to detect seven respiratory viruses from NPAs collected within 3 days before bronchoscopy can partially reflect the pathogens in the lungs in children with SCAP.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Abstract
Background
The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) is the largest health care provider in Mexico, covering about 48% of the Mexican population. In this report, we describe the epidemiological patterns related to confirmed cases, hospitalizations, intubations, and in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 and associated factors, during five epidemic waves recorded in the IMSS surveillance system.
Methods
We analyzed COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed cases from the Online Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINOLAVE) from March 29th, 2020, to August 27th, 2022. We constructed weekly epidemic curves describing temporal patterns of confirmed cases and hospitalizations by age, gender, and wave. We also estimated hospitalization, intubation, and hospital case fatality rates. The mean days of in-hospital stay and hospital admission delay were calculated across five pandemic waves. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between demographic factors, comorbidities, wave, and vaccination and the risk of severe disease and in-hospital death.
Results
A total of 3,396,375 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were recorded across the five waves. The introduction of rapid antigen testing at the end of 2020 increased detection and modified epidemiological estimates. Overall, 11% (95% CI 10.9, 11.1) of confirmed cases were hospitalized, 20.6% (95% CI 20.5, 20.7) of the hospitalized cases were intubated, and the hospital case fatality rate was 45.1% (95% CI 44.9, 45.3). The mean in-hospital stay was 9.11 days, and patients were admitted on average 5.07 days after symptoms onset. The most recent waves dominated by the Omicron variant had the highest incidence. Hospitalization, intubation, and mean hospitalization days decreased during subsequent waves. The in-hospital case fatality rate fluctuated across waves, reaching its highest value during the second wave in winter 2020. A notable decrease in hospitalization was observed primarily among individuals ≥ 60 years. The risk of severe disease and death was positively associated with comorbidities, age, and male gender; and declined with later waves and vaccination status.
Conclusion
During the five pandemic waves, we observed an increase in the number of cases and a reduction in severity metrics. During the first three waves, the high in-hospital fatality rate was associated with hospitalization practices for critical patients with comorbidities.
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Alexander Domnich, Donatella Panatto, Elena Pariani, Christian Napoli, Maria Chironna, Ilaria Manini, Caterina Rizzo, Andrea Orsi, Giancarlo Icardi, IT-BIVE-HOSP Network Study Group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
In this study, we aimed to investigate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent (aTIV) and non-adjuvanted quadrivalent (QIVe) egg-based standard-dose vaccines against severe laboratory-confirmed influenza.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Spring 2022 saw the emergence of a global outbreak of monkeypox virus infections, affecting more than 70 000 people in more than 107 countries by early October of this year. A recent Review article in JAMA Neurology details neurologic symptoms of both monkeypox and smallpox. Although smallpox has been eradicated, its complications “may be relevant to monkeypox,” the authors noted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Sydenham defined disease as “an effort of Nature, striving with all her might to restore the patient by the elimination of morbific matter,” an implication of the modern idea of disease as a struggle for existence between invading micro-organisms and those factors residing in the body which make for immunity. The development of bacteriology emphasized the desirability of keeping the harmful germs away from the individual—of preventing disease by eliminating or restraining its causative agents. The accomplishments of public hygiene in this direction have undoubtedly been most significant; yet the hopes of many health officials have been somewhat disappointed because infectious ailments have not been eliminated in civilized communities. They have failed, however, to reckon with the innumerable unknown modes of invasion. Thus, the menace of the healthy carrier of infectious micro-organisms was scarcely recognized a generation ago; and, year by year, new sources of bacterial danger are being brought to notice. The great epidemics of meningitis or cerebrospinal fever, poliomyelitis, influenza and epidemic encephalitis, ravaging even the countries in which the medical sciences and protective arts have been most assiduously cultivated, have brought discouragement to many.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
In Reply Our study of postoperative mortality associated with pediatric tonsillectomy was based entirely on a longitudinal analysis of inpatient and outpatient discharge data from 5 US states. These data provided no information about some of the factors (surgical technique, type of tonsillectomy, postoperative narcotic use) suggested by Dr Huang and colleagues as having possible relationships with mortality. Our analysis did include a case-by-case evaluation of diagnosis and procedure codes associated with preoperative, surgical, and postoperative encounters in all fatal cases. As stated in our study, we found that 28 of 36 fatal cases (77.8%) were associated with discharge codes indicating a life-threatening respiratory problem (respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, aspiration) or otherwise unexplained cardiac arrest and that the number of fatal cases associated with code(s) indicating hemorrhage was very small (exact number suppressed according to data use agreement). We cannot speculate about whether some cases of ostensibly isolated respiratory failure were in fact precipitated by unrecognized or unrecorded bleeding. However, our findings about cause of death were consistent with published information from provider surveys and malpractice claims that collectively described a total of 191 tonsillectomy cases with severe adverse outcomes (including 144 deaths). A total of 48 of 191 cases (25.1%) were attributed to bleeding, and the majority, 115 of 191 (60.2%), were attributed to isolated apnea, respiratory failure, or unexplained causes. Serious comorbid conditions, particularly neuromuscular disorders, were considered important co-factors in a number of cases. Taken together, this evidence confirms that bleeding remains an important but less common cause of tonsillectomy-related deaths than isolated respiratory complications. Whether rates of bleeding-related mortality could be further reduced by certain surgical techniques or type of tonsillectomy (partial vs total) is, to our knowledge, unknown and would require very large studies to evaluate. Huang and colleagues also express interest in whether obesity was associated with postoperative death in our study, but we found very few deaths (exact number suppressed) coded for this comorbidity and, accordingly, decided not to pursue a quantitative analysis of this potential factor.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most common sexually transmitted infections encountered by humans and, in 2018, were estimated to occur in approximately 27% of US adults. There is no cure for HSV infection; consequently, infection can be transmitted from individual to individual, most often because of asymptomatic viral shedding. Thus, the reservoir of individuals infected with HSV continues to increase.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
This study examines genital HSV-1 transmission and oral and genital viral shedding patterns among persons with first-episode genital HSV-1 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYingying Zhang, Andrea Anaya-Sanchez, Daniel A. Portnoy aDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeleygrid.47840.3f, Berkeley, California, USA bCalifornia Institute for Quantitative Biosciences-Berkeley (QB3-Berkeley), University of California, Berkeleygrid.47840.3f, Berkeley, California, USA cGraduate Group in Microbiology, University of California, Berkeleygrid.47840.3f, Berkeley, California, USA dDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeleygrid.47840.3f, Berkeley, California, USA, Sabine Ehrt
Infection and Immunity, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Tiemin Jiang, Wujianan Sun, Tuerganaili Aji, Yingmei Shao, Chuang Guo, Chuanshan Zhang, Bo Ran, Jiao Hou, Aimaiti Yasen, Qiang Guo, Hui Wang, Kun Qu, Hao Wen aState Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Management of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical Universitygrid.412631.3, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China bDepartment of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of Chinagrid.59053.3a, Hefei, Anhui, China cDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical Universitygrid.412631.3, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China dSchool of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of Chinagrid.59053.3a, Hefei, China, De’Broski R. Herbert
Infection and Immunity, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Nicholas A. Stella, Eric G. Romanowski, Kimberly M. Brothers, Rachel C. Calvario, Robert M. Q. Shanks aDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburghgrid.21925.3d School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA, Igor E. Brodsky
Infection and Immunity, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Pikka Jokelainen
Trends in Parasitology, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
The 15th International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA) was organized on 21–26 August 2022 in Copenhagen, Denmark, hosted by the Danish Society for Parasitology (DSP) and the Scandinavian-Baltic Society for Parasitology (SBSP). It was the first time that this main event of the World Federation of Parasitologists (WFP) was organized in a Nordic country, and the first time that the event was hybrid. In this TrendsTalk, the Chair of the Congress, Pikka Jokelainen, summarizes a selection of key parts of the ‘ICOPAnhagen’ experience.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Neill K. J. Adhikari
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1059-1060, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaan Beentjes, Rebecca K. Shears, Neil French, Daniel R. Neill, Aras Kadioglu
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1070-1080, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndrew Li, Lowell Ling, Hanyu Qin, Yaseen M. Arabi, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Moritoki Egi, Je Hyeong Kim, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, Do Ngoc Son, Wen-Feng Fang, Bambang Wahyuprajitno, Madiha Hashmi, Mohammad Omar Faruq, Boonsong Patjanasoontorn, Maher Jaffer Al Bahrani, Babu Raja Shrestha, Ujma Shrestha, Khalid Mahmood Khan Nafees, Kyi Kyi Sann, Jose Emmanuel M. Palo, Naranpurev Mendsaikhan, Aidos Konkayev, Khamsay Detleuxay, Yiong Huak Chan, Bin Du, Jigeeshu Vasishtha Divatia, Younsuck Koh, Charles D. Gomersall, Jason Phua
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1107-1116, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJenna Bodmer, Alice Levin, Christian Westöö, Oscar van der Have, Niccolò Peruzzi, Karin Tran-Lundmark, Steven H. Abman, Csaba Galambos
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1169-1170, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTaro Yasuma, Corina N. D’Alessandro-Gabazza, Tetsu Kobayashi, Esteban C. Gabazza, Hajime Fujimoto
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1182-1183, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRobert F. J. Kullberg, Justin de Brabander, Leonoor S. Boers, Lieuwe D. J. Bos, W. Joost Wiersinga
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1183-1184, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShiza Malik, Yasir Waheed
Journal of Medical Virology, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Ancha Baranova, Hongbao Cao, Shaolei Teng, Fuquan Zhang
Journal of Medical Virology, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Umberto D’Alessandro
New England Journal of Medicine, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Kassoum Kayentao, Aissata Ongoiba, Anne C. Preston, Sara A. Healy, Safiatou Doumbo, Didier Doumtabe, Abdrahamane Traore, Hamadi Traore, Adama Djiguiba, Shanping Li, Mary E. Peterson, Shinyi Telscher, Azza H. Idris, Neville K. Kisalu, Kevin Carlton, Leonid Serebryannyy, Sandeep Narpala, Adrian B. McDermott, Martin Gaudinski, Siriman Traore, Hamidou Cisse, Mamadou Keita, Jeff Skinner, Zonghui Hu, Amatigué Zéguimé, Adama Ouattara, M’Bouye Doucoure, Amagana Dolo, Abdoulaye Djimdé, Boubacar Traore, Robert A. Seder, Peter D. Crompton
New England Journal of Medicine, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Siripat Pasittungkul, Ilada Thongpan, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana, Thanunrat Thongmee, Sirapa Klinfueng, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Yong Poovorawan
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
To investigate the seroprevalence of RSV infections in young children, the correlation between RSV antibody levels in maternal and cord blood, and to provide evidence of RSV reinfection in Thai children after primary infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaurabh C Sharda, Kamlesh Bisht, Vikas Sharma, Prabhakara Reddy Lakku, Mandip S Bhatia, Navneet Sharma, Manisha Biswal
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Charlotte M. Ahle, Cecilie Feidenhansl, Holger Brüggemann
Trends in Microbiology, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Cutibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes human skin. The lipophilic anaerobic bacterium resides mainly in the sebum-rich pilosebaceaous units, but is also detected in nonsebaceous areas. The species is polyphyletic and includes three different subspecies. Multiple phylogenetic lineages usually coexist on an individual’s skin; however, each pilosebaceous unit is predominately colonized by a single lineage. The bacterium is thought to contribute to skin homeostasis through colonization resistance, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory properties.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPrerna Arora, Lu Zhang, Inga Nehlmeier, Amy Kempf, Anne Cossmann, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Sebastian R Schulz, Hans-Martin Jäck, Georg M N Behrens, Stefan Pöhlmann, Markus Hoffmann
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Since the first detection of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant (B.1.1.529 and sublineages) in November 2021 in South Africa, Botswana, and Hong Kong, several omicron sublineages have evolved. Some of these sublineages, including BA.2.75, BA.4, and BA.5, have shown augmented resistance against antibody-mediated neutralisation.1–3
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNadine Kayiba Kalenda, Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba, Yu Nakagama, Natsuko Kaku, Akira Kaneko, Niko Speybroeck, Yasutoshi Kido
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention is an important intervention recommended for children aged 3–59 months living in highly seasonal transmission areas of the Sahel subregion of Africa to provide protection against malaria during the rainy season.1 In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Colin J Sutherland and colleagues2 report on the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum genetic variants associated with drug resistance before and after the implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine in areas across seven Sahelian countries (Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, and The Gambia).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLancet Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Rajasingham R, Govender NP, Jordan A, et al. The global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal infection in adults in 2020: a modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online Aug 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00499-6— In figure 2 of this Article, the spelling of Colombia was incorrect and the appendix has been corrected. These corrections have been made to the online version as of Oct 31, 2022, and will be made to the printed version.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKhalid B Beshir, Julian Muwanguzi, Johanna Nader, Raoul Mansukhani, Aliou Traore, Kadidja Gamougam, Sainey Ceesay, Thomas Bazie, Fassou Kolie, Mahaman M Lamine, Matt Cairns, Paul Snell, Susana Scott, Abdoulaye Diallo, Corinne S Merle, Jean Louis NDiaye, Lanto Razafindralambo, Diego Moroso, Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo, Issaka Zongo, Hamit Kessely, Daugla Doumagoum, Kalifa Bojang, Serign Ceesay, Kovana Loua, Hamma Maiga, Alassane Dicko, Issaka Sagara, Ibrahim M Laminou, Sonny Johnbull Ogboi, Tony Eloike, Paul Milligan, Colin J Sutherland
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
In seven African countries, evidence of a significant reduction in parasite carriage among children receiving seasonal malaria chemoprevention was found 2 years after intervention scale-up. Combined resistance-associated haplotypes remained rare, and seasonal malaria chemoprevention with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine and amodiaquine is expected to retain effectiveness. The threat of future erosion of effectiveness due to dhps variant haplotypes requires further monitoring.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChiara Farroni, Alessandra Aiello, Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti, Bruno Laganà, Elisa Petruccioli, Chiara Agrati, Anna Rosa Garbuglia, Silvia Meschi, Daniele Lapa, Gilda Cuzzi, Linda Petrone, Valentina Vanini, Andrea Salmi, Anna Maria Gerarda Altera, Federica Repele, Germana Grassi, Aurora Bettini, Serena Vita, Andrea Mariano, Arianna Damiani, Maria Infantino, Valentina Grossi, Mariangela Manfredi, Laura Niccoli, Vincenzo Puro, Roberta Di Rosa, Simonetta Salemi, Giorgio Sesti, Palma Scolieri, Vincenzo Bruzzese, Maurizio Benucci, Fabrizio Cantini, Emanuele Nicastri, Delia Goletti
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
Can Chen, Xiaoxiao Liu, Danying Yan, Yuqing Zhou, Cheng Ding, Lu Chen, Lei Lan, Chenyang Huang, Daixi Jiang, Xiaobao Zhang, Zhou Guan, Xiaofang Fu, Yuxia Du, Yushi Lin, Changtai Zhu, Jie Wu, Lanjuan Li, Shigui Yang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
Influenza vaccination is an effective method for preventing influenza virus infection. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify global influenza vaccination rates (IVRs) and the factors influencing its uptake in the general population, individuals with chronic diseases, pregnant women, and healthcare workers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTadesse Sime, Lemessa Oljira, Aboma Diriba, Gamachis Firdisa, Wubishet Gezimu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
by Tadesse Sime, Lemessa Oljira, Aboma Diriba, Gamachis Firdisa, Wubishet Gezimu
Background In resource-limited countries such as Ethiopia, tuberculosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus. In the era of antiretroviral therapy, the effect of tuberculosis on the survival of patients who are living with human immunodeficiency virus has been poorly understood in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of active tuberculosis on the survival of HIV-infected adult patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 566 participants from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2018. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 before being exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the effect of active tuberculosis on the survival of HIV-infected adult patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy, and a p-value less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance. Result Of the 566 patients included in the study, 76 died. The mortality rate was 11.04 per 100 person-years in tuberculosis co-infected patients, while it was 2.52 per 100 person-years in non-tuberculosis co-infected patients. The patients with tuberculosis co-infection had a 2.19 times higher hazard of death (AHR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.12) compared to those without tuberculosis. Advanced clinical stage, low CD4+ cell count, and previous episodes of an opportunistic infection other than tuberculosis were found to be independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion Co-infection with tuberculosis at antiretroviral therapy initiation increases the hazard of death approximately two-fold. Hence, we recommend key organizations to enhance the region’s collaborative interventional and preventative strategies for TB and HIV.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedArash Roostaei, Hadi Barzegar, Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
by Arash Roostaei, Hadi Barzegar, Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad
In this paper, the original SIR model is improved by considering a new compartment, representing the hospitalization of critical cases. A system of differential equations with four blocks is developed to analyze the treatment of severe cases in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The outgoing rate of the infected individuals who survive is divided into nI and b I I + b where the second term represents the transition rate of critical cases that are hospitalized in ICU. The findings demonstrate the existence of forward, backward and Hopf bifurcations in various ranges of parameters.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDmitry V. Zaretsky, Maria V. Zaretskaia, Yaroslav I. Molkov, for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
by Dmitry V. Zaretsky, Maria V. Zaretskaia, Yaroslav I. Molkov, for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Senile plaques, which are mostly composed of beta-amyloid peptide, are the main signature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Two main forms of beta-amyloid in humans are 40 and 42-amino acid, long; the latter is considered more relevant to AD etiology. The concentration of soluble beta-amyloid-42 (Aβ42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-Aβ42) and the density of amyloid depositions have a strong negative correlation. However, AD patients have lower CSF-Aβ42 levels compared to individuals with normal cognition (NC), even after accounting for this correlation. The goal of this study was to infer deviations of Aβ42 metabolism parameters that underlie this difference using data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort. Aβ42 is released to the interstitial fluid (ISF) by cells and is removed by several processes. First, growth of insoluble fibrils by aggregation decreases the concentration of soluble beta-amyloid in the ISF. Second, Aβ42 is physically transferred from the brain to the CSF and removed with the CSF flow. Finally, there is an intratissue removal of Aβ42 ending in proteolysis, which can occur either in the ISF or inside the cells after the peptide is endocytosed. Unlike aggregation, which preserves the peptide in the brain, transfer to the CSF and intratissue proteolysis together represent amyloid removal. Using a kinetic model of Aβ42 turnover, we found that compared to NC subjects, AD patients had dramatically increased rates of amyloid removal. A group with late-onset mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) also exhibited a higher rate of amyloid removal; however, this was less pronounced than in the AD group. Estimated parameters in the early-onset MCI group did not differ significantly from those in the NC group. We hypothesize that increased amyloid removal is mediated by Aβ42 cellular uptake; this is because CSF flow is not increased in AD patients, while most proteases are intracellular. Aβ cytotoxicity depends on both the amount of beta-amyloid internalized by cells and its intracellular conversion into toxic products. We speculate that AD and LMCI are associated with increased cellular amyloid uptake, which leads to faster disease progression. The early-onset MCI (EMCI) patients do not differ from the NC participants in terms of cellular amyloid uptake. Therefore, EMCI may be mediated by the increased production of toxic amyloid metabolites.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTianchu Lyu, Chen Liang, Jihong Liu, Berry Campbell, Peiyin Hung, Yi-Wen Shih, Nadia Ghumman, Xiaoming Li, on behalf of the National COVID Cohort Collaborative Consortium
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
by Tianchu Lyu, Chen Liang, Jihong Liu, Berry Campbell, Peiyin Hung, Yi-Wen Shih, Nadia Ghumman, Xiaoming Li, on behalf of the National COVID Cohort Collaborative Consortium
Objective Identifying the time of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection relative to specific gestational weeks is critical for delineating the role of viral infection timing in adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, this task is difficult when it comes to Electronic Health Records (EHR). In combating the COVID-19 pandemic for maternal health, we sought to develop and validate a clinical information extraction algorithm to detect the time of clinical events relative to gestational weeks. Materials and methods We used EHR from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), in which the EHR are normalized by the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). We performed EHR phenotyping, resulting in 270,897 pregnant women (June 1st, 2018 to May 31st, 2021). We developed a rule-based algorithm and performed a multi-level evaluation to test content validity and clinical validity, and extreme length of gestation (300). Results The algorithm identified 296,194 pregnancies (16,659 COVID-19, 174,744 without COVID-19) in 270,897 pregnant women. For inferring gestational age, 95% cases (n = 40) have moderate-high accuracy (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.62); 100% cases (n = 40) have moderate-high granularity of temporal information (Cohen’s Kappa = 1). For inferring delivery dates, the accuracy is 100% (Cohen’s Kappa = 1). The accuracy of gestational age detection for the extreme length of gestation is 93.3% (Cohen’s Kappa = 1). Mothers with COVID-19 showed higher prevalence in obesity or overweight (35.1% vs. 29.5%), diabetes (17.8% vs. 17.0%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.2% vs. 0.1%), respiratory distress syndrome or acute respiratory failure (1.8% vs. 0.2%). Discussion We explored the characteristics of pregnant women by different gestational weeks of SARS-CoV-2 infection with our algorithm. TED-PC is the first to infer the exact gestational week linked with every clinical event from EHR and detect the timing of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women. Conclusion The algorithm shows excellent clinical validity in inferring gestational age and delivery dates, which supports multiple EHR cohorts on N3C studying the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAtefeh Homayuni, Zahra Hosseini, Nahid Shahabi, Roghayeh Ezati Rad, Farah Moayedi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
by Atefeh Homayuni, Zahra Hosseini, Nahid Shahabi, Roghayeh Ezati Rad, Farah Moayedi
Background The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has endangered the psychological health of individuals. This study aimed to assess the quality of life and its related psychological problems during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 559 citizens above the age of 16 years, in Isfahan and Bandar Abbas cities in Iran were selected with a convenient sampling method. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data, which consisted of five sections: demographic information, short health anxiety inventory (SHAI), perceived stress scale (PSS), world health organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and Padua inventory. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including t-test, path analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS 24 and Amos 21 statistical software. Results A total of 559 subjects with the mean age of 37.34 ± 11.19 years participated in this study. Most of the participants were female (78.5%), married (71.6%) and employed (40.9%). The majority of them also had a bachelor’s degree (42.9%). There were significant negative correlations between perceived helplessness (r = -.597, p = .000), perceived stress (r = -.715, p = .000), risk of disease (r = -.302, p = .000), negative effect of disease (r = -.424, p = .000), health anxiety (r = -.366, p = .000), contamination obsessions (r = -.187, p = .000) and washing compulsions (r = -.193, p = .000) with quality of life. On other hand, significant positive correlation was found between perceived self-efficacy (r = .665, p = .000) and quality of life. Conclusions According to our findings, health anxiety, perceived stress and obsessive-compulsive disorder were negatively affected psychological health during COVID-19 which in turn decreased quality of life. Therefore, we suggest considering prevention and treatment of theses psychological problems to diminish the risk of reduced quality of life during COVID-19 global pandemic crisis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTomas Di Mambro, Tania Vanzolini, Marzia Bianchi, Rita Crinelli, Barbara Canonico, Filippo Tasini, Michele Menotta, Mauro Magnani
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
by Tomas Di Mambro, Tania Vanzolini, Marzia Bianchi, Rita Crinelli, Barbara Canonico, Filippo Tasini, Michele Menotta, Mauro Magnani
The resistance and the birth of new intrinsic and multidrug-resistant pathogenic species like C. auris is creating great concern in the antifungal world. Given the limited drug arsenal and the lack of effectiveness of the available compounds, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches. The murine mAb 2G8 was humanized and engineered in silico to develop a single-chain fragment variable (hscFv) antibody against β-1,3-glucans which was then expressed in E. coli. Among the recombinant proteins developed, a soluble candidate with high stability and affinity was obtained. This selected protein is VL-linker-VH oriented, and it is characterized by the presence of two ubiquitin monomers at the N-terminus and a His tag at the C-terminus. This construct, Ub2-hscFv-His, guaranteed stability, solubility, efficient purification and satisfactory recovery of the recombinant product. HscFv can bind β-1,3-glucans both as coated antigens and on C. auris and C. albicans cells similarly to its murine parental and showed long stability and retention of binding ability when stored at 4°, -20° and -80° C. Furthermore, it was efficient in enhancing the antifungal activity of drugs caspofungin and amphotericin B against C. auris. The use of biological drugs as antifungals is limited; here we present a promising hscFv which has the potential to be useful in combination with currently available antifungal drugs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAna Paula Andrade Barreto, Marcio Andrade Barreto Filho, Lucimeire Cardoso Duarte, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Aquiles Camelier, Natalia Machado Tavares, Manoel Barral-Netto, Viviane Boaventura, Marcelo Chalhoub Coelho Lima, on behalf of the CPC study group
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
by Ana Paula Andrade Barreto, Marcio Andrade Barreto Filho, Lucimeire Cardoso Duarte, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Aquiles Camelier, Natalia Machado Tavares, Manoel Barral-Netto, Viviane Boaventura, Marcelo Chalhoub Coelho Lima, on behalf of the CPC study group
Background Although low-middle income countries have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, there is scarce information about the impact of long COVID on their population. This study aimed to evaluate long COVID symptomatology, complications (hospital readmission and metabolic disorders), and main clinical features that impact Quality of Life (QoL). Methods This cross-sectional study provides a detailed clinical and laboratory picture of individuals who presented residual symptoms after mild to severe acute COVID-19. Between Aug-2020 to Sep-2021, long COVID patients were evaluated in a reference center for long COVID in Bahia State, Brazil. The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire accessed QoL. Results A total of 1164 (52 ±13.4 years, 57% female, 88% black/mixed-race) were evaluated 2.3 [IQR = 1.6–3.7] months after mild (n = 351, 30.2%), moderate (338, 29.0%) or severe (475, 40.8%) acute illness. Dyspnea (790, 67.9%), fatigue (738, 63.5%), and chest pain (525, 42.9%) were the most frequent residual symptoms regardless of acute severity, affecting the QoL of 88.9% of patients (n/N—826/925), mainly the domains of anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort. High levels of HbA1c were detected for 175 out of 664 patients (26.6%), 40% of them without a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Of note, hospital admission one-to-three months after the acute phase of disease was required for 51 (4.4%) patients. Conclusion In this majority-black/mixed-race population, long COVID was associated with post-acute hospitalization, newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, and decreased QoL, particularly in women and regardless of disease severity of acute infection, suggesting important implications for health care system.
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