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38 emner vises.
Augustina Angelina Sylverken, Michael Owusu, Bernadette Agbavor, Alex Kwarteng, Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng, Patrick Ofori, Philip El-Duah, Richmond Yeboah, Sherihane Aryeetey, Jesse Addo Asamoah, Rita Ziem Ekekpi, Morrah Oppong, Richmond Gorman, Kofi Adjei Brempong, Emmanuella Nyarko-Afriyie, Felix Owusu Bonsu, Rita Larsen-Reindorf, Michael Rockson Adjei, Gifty Boateng, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe, Badu Sarkodie, Dennis O. Laryea, Emmanuel Tinkorang, Patrick Kumah Aboagye, Anthony Nsiah Asare, Kwasi Obiri-Danso, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Richard Odame Phillips
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
by Augustina Angelina Sylverken, Michael Owusu, Bernadette Agbavor, Alex Kwarteng, Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng, Patrick Ofori, Philip El-Duah, Richmond Yeboah, Sherihane Aryeetey, Jesse Addo Asamoah, Rita Ziem Ekekpi, Morrah Oppong, Richmond Gorman, Kofi Adjei Brempong, Emmanuella Nyarko-Afriyie, Felix Owusu Bonsu, Rita Larsen-Reindorf, Michael Rockson Adjei, Gifty Boateng, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe, Badu Sarkodie, Dennis O. Laryea, Emmanuel Tinkorang, Patrick Kumah Aboagye, Anthony Nsiah Asare, Kwasi Obiri-Danso, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Richard Odame Phillips
Background The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11 2020, by the World Health Organisation prompted the need for a sustained and a rapid international response. In a swift response, the Government of Ghana, in partnership with Zipline company, launched the use of Unmanned Automated Vehicles (UAV) to transport suspected samples from selected districts to two foremost testing centres in the country. Here, we present the experiences of employing this technology and its impact on the transport time to the second largest testing centre, the Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR) in Kumasi, Ghana. Methods Swab samples collected from suspected COVID-19 patients were transported to the Zipline office by health workers. Information on the samples were sent to laboratory personnel located at KCCR through a WhatsApp platform to get them ready to receive the suspected COVID-19 samples while Zipline repackaged samples and transported them via drone. Time of take-off was reported as well as time of drop-off. Results A total of 2537 COVID-19 suspected samples were received via drone transport from 10 districts between April 2020 to June 2021 in 440 deliveries. Ejura-Sekyedumase District Health Directorate delivered the highest number of samples (765; 30%). The farthest district to use the drone was Pru East, located 270 km away from KCCR in Kumasi and 173 km to the Zipline office in Mampong. Here, significantly, it took on the average 39 minutes for drones to deliver samples compared to 117 minutes spent in transporting samples by road (p<0.001). Conclusion The use of drones for sample transport during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the travel time taken for samples to be transported by road to the testing site. This has enhanced innovative measures to fight the pandemic using technology.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTariro Ndoro, Ntombizodwa Ndlovu, Peter Nyasulu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
by Tariro Ndoro, Ntombizodwa Ndlovu, Peter Nyasulu
Background HIV is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in South Africa that can be managed using antiretroviral therapy (ART). Adherence clubs are interventions that have been introduced to decentralize ART to improve ART adherence and provide social support for club members. However, ART adherence can be suboptimal even among adherence club members. Aim This study aimed to determine the factors affecting ART adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending adherence clubs in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Ordinal logistic regression was used in univariable and multivariable analyses to determine factors significantly associated with adherence scores. Factors included in the final model were age, comorbidity, ART regimen and club membership duration. Results The records of 730 participants were analysed. After adjusting for age, participants with comorbidities were half as likely to report high ART adherence scores compared to participants without comorbidities (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8, p = 0.005). The adjusted odds of reporting high levels of adherence among participants on cART were 1.8 times those on a single tablet regimen (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0–3.2; p = 0.033). There was a 20% reduction in the adjusted odds of reporting high ART adherence for each additional year of adherence club membership (AOR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8–0.9, p<0.001). Conclusion Increasing years spent as adherence club members, single tablet ART regimens and the presence of comorbidities were all significantly associated with low ART adherence among study participants. Regular assessment of the quality of counselling sessions for ART adherence club members and questionnaires for early screening of treatment fatigue have been suggested as tools for improved adherence in ART adherence club settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFei-Ju Li, Lora Starrs, Anukriti Mathur, Hikari Ishii, Si Ming Man, Gaetan Burgio
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
by Fei-Ju Li, Lora Starrs, Anukriti Mathur, Hikari Ishii, Si Ming Man, Gaetan Burgio
Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging nosocomial, opportunistic pathogen with growing clinical significance globally. A. baumannii has an exceptional ability to rapidly develop drug resistance. It is frequently responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia in clinical settings and inflammation resulting in severe sepsis. The inflammatory response is mediated by host pattern-recognition receptors and the inflammasomes. Inflammasome activation triggers inflammatory responses, including the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, the recruitment of innate immune effectors against A. baumannii infection, and the induction programmed cell death by pyroptosis. An important knowledge gap is how variation among clinical isolates affects the host’s innate response and activation of the inflammasome during A. baumannii infection. In this study, we compared nine A. baumannii strains, including clinical locally-acquired isolates, in their ability to induce activation of the inflammasome and programmed cell death in primary macrophages, epithelial lung cell line and mice. We found a variation in survival outcomes of mice and bacterial dissemination in organs among three commercially available A. baumannii strains, likely due to the differences in virulence between strains. Interestingly, we found variability among A. baumannii strains in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, non-canonical Caspase-11 pathway, plasmatic secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and programmed cell death. Our study highlights the importance of utilising multiple bacterial strains and clinical isolates with different virulence to investigate the innate immune response to A. baumannii infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatrícia Nóbrega Gomes, Beatriz Aguiar do Amaral, Isabelita Duarte Azevedo, Haline Cunha de Medeiros Maia, Nivia Maria Rodrigues Arrais, Kenio Costa de Lima
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
by Patrícia Nóbrega Gomes, Beatriz Aguiar do Amaral, Isabelita Duarte Azevedo, Haline Cunha de Medeiros Maia, Nivia Maria Rodrigues Arrais, Kenio Costa de Lima
The effects of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) on the tooth development of infected children are not well known. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of CZS with dental alterations in children with microcephaly seen at a referral hospital in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The chronology and sequence of tooth eruption and the presence of dental alterations were evaluated by a single calibrated examiner (kappa > 0.80) in 62 children aged 7 to 35 months with microcephaly associated with CZS and other congenital infections. Medical data of the mother and child were collected from the records and the parents responded to a socioeconomic questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and Fisher’s exact test were used (5% significance level). The mean age of the children was 26.4 months (SD = 7.52). The mean weight and head circumference at birth were 2,593 g (SD = 0.60) and 29.6 cm (SD = 2.48), respectively. Microcephaly was associated with congenital Zika virus infection in 79% of cases and with other congenital infections in 21%. No significant association was found between CZS and alterations in the chronology (p = 1.00) or sequence of tooth eruption (p = 0.16) or changes in enamel development (p = 1.00). In conclusion, children with microcephaly exhibit a delay and alterations in the sequence of tooth eruption of primary teeth, as well as developmental defects of enamel, which are not associated with Zika virus infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSavila, F., Bamber, A., Smith, S., Fernandez, K. V., Harding, T., Letele, D., van der Werf, B., Loheni, M., Bagg, W., Swinburn, B., Goodyear-Smith, F.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Introduction
The community group Brown Buttabean Motivation (BBM) initially began to assist Auckland Pasifika and Māori to manage weight problems, predominantly through community-based exercise sessions and social support. BBM’s activities expanded over time to include many other components of healthy living in response to community need. With advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, BBM outreach grew to include a foodbank distributing an increasing amount of donated healthy food to families in need, a community kitchen and influenza and COVID-19 vaccine drives. A strong social media presence has served as the main means of communication with the BBM community as well as use of traditional news media (written, radio, television) to further engage with vulnerable members of the community.
Methods and analysis
The study aims to conduct mixed method process evaluation of BBM’s community engagement through in-person, social and news media outreach activities with respect to the health and well-being of Pasifika and Māori over time. The project is informed by theoretical constructs including Pacific Fa’afaletui and Fonofale and Māori Te Whare Tapa Whā Māori research frameworks and principles of Kaupapa Māori. It is further framed using the concept of community-driven diffusion of knowledge and engagement through social networks. Data sources include in-person community engagement databases, social and news media outreach data from archived documents and online resources. Empirical data will undergo longitudinal and time series statistical analyses. Qualitative text thematic analyses will be conducted using the software NVivo, Leximancer and AntConc. Image and video visual data will be randomly sampled from two social media platforms. The social media dataset contains almost 8000 visual artefacts.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval obtained from University of Auckland Human Participants Ethics Committee UAHPEC 23456. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed publications, disseminated through community meetings and conferences and via BBM social network platforms.
Trial registration number
ACTRN 12621 00093 1875
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Heltveit-Olsen, S. R., Sundvall, P.-D., Gunnarsson, R., Snaebjörnsson Arnljots, E., Kowalczyk, A., Godycki-Cwirko, M., Platteel, T. N., Koning, H. A. M., Groen, W. G., Ahren, C., Grude, N., Verheij, T. J. M., Hertogh, C. M. P. M., Lindbaek, M., Hoye, S.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Introduction
Methenamine hippurate is a urinary antiseptic used as preventive treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in some Scandinavian countries. However, the scientific evidence for the preventive effect and safety for longer-term use is limited. The aim of this study is to assess whether methenamine hippurate can reduce the incidence of UTIs in older women with recurrent UTIs.
Methods and analysis
The ImpresU consortium is a collaboration between Norway, Sweden, Poland and the Netherlands. The study is a randomised, controlled, triple-blind phase IV clinical trial. Women ≥70 years with recurrent UTIs are screened for eligibility in a general practice setting. We aim to include 400 women in total, with 100 recruited from each collaborating country. The participants are randomised to treatment with methenamine hippurate 1 g or placebo tablets two times per day for a treatment period of 6 months, followed by a drug-free follow-up period of 6 months. The primary outcome is number of antibiotic treatments for UTIs during the treatment period. The secondary outcomes include number of antibiotic treatments for UTIs during the follow-up period and self-reported symptom of severity and duration of UTI episodes. Differences in complications between the treatment groups are measured as safety outcomes. We also aim to investigate whether strain characteristics or phylogenetic subgroups of Escherichia coli present in the urine culture at inclusion have a modifying effect on the outcomes.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approvals are obtained in all participating countries. The results will be communicated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.
Trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04077580); EudraCT: 2018-002235-15.
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Ohlsson Nevo, E., Arvidsson-Lindvall, M., Hellerstedt Börjeson, S., Hagberg, L., Hultgren Hörnqvist, E., Valachis, A., Wickberg, A., Duberg, A.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Introduction
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women. The treatment is extensive; in addition to surgery, various combinations of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and antibody and endocrine treatment can be applied. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is high in patients with breast cancer, peaking during chemotherapy, but may persist for several years. Physical activity has proven to be effective in reducing CRF in breast cancer rehabilitation, but many patients tend to be less active after the diagnosis. Yoga has a previously demonstrated effect on energy levels and digitally distributed yoga intervention can potentially increase accessibility in pandemic times and facilitate participation for patients susceptible to infection and those living far from organised rehabilitation opportunities. The purpose of this study, Digital Yoga Intervention in Cancer Rehabilitation (DigiYoga CaRe) is to investigate whether a 12-week digitally distributed yoga intervention can reduce CRF and stress, improve health-related quality of life (HRQL) and affect pro-inflammatory and metabolic markers in patients with breast cancer.
Methods and analysis
This multicentre study will adopt a randomised controlled design including 240 persons after their breast cancer surgery. They will be randomised to a 12-week digitally distributed yoga intervention or to a control group. The intervention group practice yoga two times a week, one yoga class live-streamed to the patient’s computer or mobile device and one prerecorded video class for self-training. The controls receive standardised care, gift cards for flowers and access to yoga video links after the data collection has ended. The primary analysis will be performed following the principle of intention to treat. Data will be collected by questionnaires, blood samples, accelerometers and interviews.
Ethics and dissemination
The DigiYoga CaRe study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Lund. The final results of this study will be disseminated to conference, patient and public involvements and peer-reviewed publications.
Trial registration number
NCT04812652.
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Bursey, K., Hall, A., Pike, A., Etchegary, H., Aubrey-Bassler, K., Patey, A. M., Romme, K.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Introduction
Overprescription of antibiotics poses a significant threat to healthcare globally as it contributes to the issue of antibiotic resistance. While antibiotics should be predominately prescribed for bacterial infections, they are often inappropriately given for uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and related conditions, such as the common cold. This study will involve a qualitative systematic review of physician-reported barriers to using evidence-based antibiotic prescription guidelines in primary care settings and synthesise the findings using a theoretical basis.
Methods and analysis
We will conduct a systematic review of qualitative studies that assess physicians’ reported barriers to following evidence-based antibiotic prescription guidelines in primary care settings for URTIs. We plan to search the following databases with no date or language restrictions: MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PsycInfo. Qualitative studies that explore the barriers and enablers to following antibiotic prescription guidelines for URTIs for primary care physicians will be included. We will analyse our findings using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), which is a theoretically designed resource based on numerous behaviour change theories grouped into 14 domains. Using the TDF approach, we will be able to identify the determinants of our behaviour of interest (ie, following antibiotic prescription guidelines for URTIs) and categorise them into the 14 TDF domains. This will provide the necessary information to develop future evidence-based interventions that will target the identified issues and apply the most effective behaviour change techniques to affect change. This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Abstract
Background
There is little evidence about consistency between nasopharyngeal and pulmonary pathogens in children with severe pneumonia. This study aims to compare the difference of pathogens between nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) collected before bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP).
Methods
NPAs and BALFs were collected form pediatric SCAP cases hospitalized from January 2018 to March 2019. NPAs were colleced within 3 days before bronchoscopy. Samples were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) for seven respiratory viruses and by routine bacterial culture in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Adenovirus (ADV), Influenza virus types A, B (IV-A and IV-B), Parainfluenza virus 1–3 (PIV1-3) were detected with a commercial assay. The virological and bacteriological detention results of NPAs were compared with the results of BALFs.
Results
In total 204 cases with mean age of 3.4 ± 2.8 years (IQR, 1 month-14 years) were included in the study. Both NPA and BALF were collected from those cases. The positive rates of pathogen in NPAs and BALFs were 25.0% (51/204) and 36.7% (75/204), respectively (x2 = 6.614, P = 0.010). Respiratory viruses were found in 16.1% (33/204) from NPAs and 32.3% (66/204) from BALFs (x2 = 14.524, P < 0.001). RSV and ADV were the two most frequent detected viruses in NPAs and BALFs. High consistentcy of pathogens between NPAs and BALFs was observed, and 96.9% (32/33) viruses detected in NPAs were also found in BALFs. While bacteria were isolated from 12.7% (26/204) and 10.7% (22/204) of the two kinds of samples, respectively (x2 = 0.378, P = 0.539). In addition, Haemophilus influenzae (HI) was the dominant germ in both samples.
Conclusion
The DFA method used to detect seven respiratory viruses from NPAs collected within 3 days before bronchoscopy can partially reflect the pathogens in the lungs in children with SCAP.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Abstract
Background
The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) is the largest health care provider in Mexico, covering about 48% of the Mexican population. In this report, we describe the epidemiological patterns related to confirmed cases, hospitalizations, intubations, and in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 and associated factors, during five epidemic waves recorded in the IMSS surveillance system.
Methods
We analyzed COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed cases from the Online Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINOLAVE) from March 29th, 2020, to August 27th, 2022. We constructed weekly epidemic curves describing temporal patterns of confirmed cases and hospitalizations by age, gender, and wave. We also estimated hospitalization, intubation, and hospital case fatality rates. The mean days of in-hospital stay and hospital admission delay were calculated across five pandemic waves. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between demographic factors, comorbidities, wave, and vaccination and the risk of severe disease and in-hospital death.
Results
A total of 3,396,375 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were recorded across the five waves. The introduction of rapid antigen testing at the end of 2020 increased detection and modified epidemiological estimates. Overall, 11% (95% CI 10.9, 11.1) of confirmed cases were hospitalized, 20.6% (95% CI 20.5, 20.7) of the hospitalized cases were intubated, and the hospital case fatality rate was 45.1% (95% CI 44.9, 45.3). The mean in-hospital stay was 9.11 days, and patients were admitted on average 5.07 days after symptoms onset. The most recent waves dominated by the Omicron variant had the highest incidence. Hospitalization, intubation, and mean hospitalization days decreased during subsequent waves. The in-hospital case fatality rate fluctuated across waves, reaching its highest value during the second wave in winter 2020. A notable decrease in hospitalization was observed primarily among individuals ≥ 60 years. The risk of severe disease and death was positively associated with comorbidities, age, and male gender; and declined with later waves and vaccination status.
Conclusion
During the five pandemic waves, we observed an increase in the number of cases and a reduction in severity metrics. During the first three waves, the high in-hospital fatality rate was associated with hospitalization practices for critical patients with comorbidities.
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Malaria Journal, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Abstract
Background/M&M
A vital aspect of disease management and policy making lies in the understanding of the universal distribution of diseases. Nevertheless, due to differences all-over host groups and space–time outbreak activities, data are subject to intricacies. Herein, Bayesian spatio-temporal models were proposed to model and map malaria and anaemia risk ratio in space and time as well as to ascertain risk factors related to these diseases and the most endemic states in Nigeria. Parameter estimation was performed by employing the R-integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) package and Deviance Information Criteria were applied to select the best model.
Results
In malaria, model 7 which basically suggests that previous trend of an event cannot account for future trend i.e., Interaction with one random time effect (random walk) has the least deviance. On the other hand, model 6 assumes that previous event can be used to predict future event i.e., (Interaction with one random time effect (ar1)) gave the least deviance in anaemia.
Discussion
For malaria and anaemia, models 7 and 6 were selected to model and map these diseases in Nigeria, because these models have the capacity to receive strength from adjacent states, in a manner that neighbouring states have the same risk. Changes in risk and clustering with a high record of these diseases among states in Nigeria was observed. However, despite these changes, the total risk of malaria and anaemia for 2010 and 2015 was unaffected.
Conclusion
Notwithstanding the methods applied, this study will be valuable to the advancement of a spatio-temporal approach for analyzing malaria and anaemia risk in Nigeria.
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Malaria Journal, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Abstract
Background
Despite its effectiveness, the optimal use of the combination of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) remains low in malaria-endemic areas. Therefore, this study analyzed its variations and predictors in Guinea.
Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of the 2012 and 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). It included women who had given birth 3 years before each DHS, slept on ITN and took at least one dose of SP. Use was complete if a pregnant woman slept on ITNs and took SP (at least two doses in 2012; at least three doses in 2018). Moran indices were used to determine spatial autocorrelation and classification methods to identify malaria preventive measures (MPM) predictors.
Results
In 2012, 60.88% of pregnant women had incomplete use of MPMs compared with 79.11% in 2018. Associated factors with incomplete MPMs in 2012 were as follows: having an indirect link with the head of household (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.08–4.61) and performing at least 4 ANC visits (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.99). In 2018: Living in households of 2 to 5 people (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.36–0.80), have a man as the head of the household (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.35–0.89), perform the first ANC in the second trimester of pregnancy (AOR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.54–0.99), perform at least 4 ANC visits (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.36–0.62), have a job (AOR = 0. 67, 95% CI 0.50–0.88), give birth in a public health facility (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.39–0.72) and the middle wealth quintile (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.07–2.26). Analyses revealed a global autocorrelation (Moran index = 0.0009, p = 0.2349) and high–high clusters in Mamou in 2012. In 2018, autocorrelation was found (I Moran = 0.0169, p ≤ 0.05), with spatial clusters in 4 regions.
Conclusion
The link with the head of household and the number of ANC visits were the main factors in MPMs. It is essential to implement strategies at the household level and health system level and monitor them to reduce inequality across regions.
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Malaria Journal, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Abstract
Background
Recent research has established that acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in severe paediatric malaria. Limited access to kidney diagnostic studies in the low resources settings where malaria is common has constrained research on this important problem.
Methods
Enrolment data from an ongoing clinical trial of antipyretics in children with central nervous system (CNS) malaria, CNS malaria being malaria with seizures or coma, was used to identify risk factors for AKI at presentation. Children 2–11 years old with CNS malaria underwent screening and enrollment assessments which included demographic and anthropomorphic data, clinical details regarding the acute illness, and laboratory studies including creatinine (Cr), quantitative parasite count (qPC), quantitative histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2), lactate, and bilirubin levels. Children with a screening Cr > 106 µmol/l were excluded from the study due to the potential nephrotoxic effects of the study drug. To identify risk factors for AKI at the time of admission, children who were enrolled in the study were categorized as having AKI using estimates of their baseline (i.e. before this acute illness) kidney function and creatinine at enrollment applying the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines. Logistic regressions and a multivariate model were used to identify clinical and demographic risk factors for AKI at presentation among those children enrolled in the study.
Results
465 children were screened, 377 were age-appropriate with CNS malaria, 22 (5.8%) were excluded due to Cr > 106 µmol/l, and 209 were enrolled. Among the 209, AKI using KDIGO criteria was observed in 134 (64.1%). One child required dialysis during recovery. Risk factors for AKI in both the logistic regression and multivariate models included: hyperpyrexia (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.39–8.12) and age with older children being less likely to have AKI (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.62–0.84).
Conclusion
AKI is extremely common among children presenting with CNS malaria. Hyperpyrexia with associated dehydration may contribute to the AKI or may simply be a marker for a more inflammatory systemic response that is also affecting the kidney. Appropriate fluid management in children with CNS malaria and AKI may be challenging since generous hydration to support kidney recovery could worsen malaria-induced cerebral oedema in this critically ill population.
Trial registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03399318
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Alexander Domnich, Donatella Panatto, Elena Pariani, Christian Napoli, Maria Chironna, Ilaria Manini, Caterina Rizzo, Andrea Orsi, Giancarlo Icardi, IT-BIVE-HOSP Network Study Group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
In this study, we aimed to investigate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent (aTIV) and non-adjuvanted quadrivalent (QIVe) egg-based standard-dose vaccines against severe laboratory-confirmed influenza.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Spring 2022 saw the emergence of a global outbreak of monkeypox virus infections, affecting more than 70 000 people in more than 107 countries by early October of this year. A recent Review article in JAMA Neurology details neurologic symptoms of both monkeypox and smallpox. Although smallpox has been eradicated, its complications “may be relevant to monkeypox,” the authors noted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Sydenham defined disease as “an effort of Nature, striving with all her might to restore the patient by the elimination of morbific matter,” an implication of the modern idea of disease as a struggle for existence between invading micro-organisms and those factors residing in the body which make for immunity. The development of bacteriology emphasized the desirability of keeping the harmful germs away from the individual—of preventing disease by eliminating or restraining its causative agents. The accomplishments of public hygiene in this direction have undoubtedly been most significant; yet the hopes of many health officials have been somewhat disappointed because infectious ailments have not been eliminated in civilized communities. They have failed, however, to reckon with the innumerable unknown modes of invasion. Thus, the menace of the healthy carrier of infectious micro-organisms was scarcely recognized a generation ago; and, year by year, new sources of bacterial danger are being brought to notice. The great epidemics of meningitis or cerebrospinal fever, poliomyelitis, influenza and epidemic encephalitis, ravaging even the countries in which the medical sciences and protective arts have been most assiduously cultivated, have brought discouragement to many.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
In Reply Our study of postoperative mortality associated with pediatric tonsillectomy was based entirely on a longitudinal analysis of inpatient and outpatient discharge data from 5 US states. These data provided no information about some of the factors (surgical technique, type of tonsillectomy, postoperative narcotic use) suggested by Dr Huang and colleagues as having possible relationships with mortality. Our analysis did include a case-by-case evaluation of diagnosis and procedure codes associated with preoperative, surgical, and postoperative encounters in all fatal cases. As stated in our study, we found that 28 of 36 fatal cases (77.8%) were associated with discharge codes indicating a life-threatening respiratory problem (respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, aspiration) or otherwise unexplained cardiac arrest and that the number of fatal cases associated with code(s) indicating hemorrhage was very small (exact number suppressed according to data use agreement). We cannot speculate about whether some cases of ostensibly isolated respiratory failure were in fact precipitated by unrecognized or unrecorded bleeding. However, our findings about cause of death were consistent with published information from provider surveys and malpractice claims that collectively described a total of 191 tonsillectomy cases with severe adverse outcomes (including 144 deaths). A total of 48 of 191 cases (25.1%) were attributed to bleeding, and the majority, 115 of 191 (60.2%), were attributed to isolated apnea, respiratory failure, or unexplained causes. Serious comorbid conditions, particularly neuromuscular disorders, were considered important co-factors in a number of cases. Taken together, this evidence confirms that bleeding remains an important but less common cause of tonsillectomy-related deaths than isolated respiratory complications. Whether rates of bleeding-related mortality could be further reduced by certain surgical techniques or type of tonsillectomy (partial vs total) is, to our knowledge, unknown and would require very large studies to evaluate. Huang and colleagues also express interest in whether obesity was associated with postoperative death in our study, but we found very few deaths (exact number suppressed) coded for this comorbidity and, accordingly, decided not to pursue a quantitative analysis of this potential factor.
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Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most common sexually transmitted infections encountered by humans and, in 2018, were estimated to occur in approximately 27% of US adults. There is no cure for HSV infection; consequently, infection can be transmitted from individual to individual, most often because of asymptomatic viral shedding. Thus, the reservoir of individuals infected with HSV continues to increase.
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Tilføjet 1.11.2022
This study examines genital HSV-1 transmission and oral and genital viral shedding patterns among persons with first-episode genital HSV-1 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYingying Zhang, Andrea Anaya-Sanchez, Daniel A. Portnoy aDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeleygrid.47840.3f, Berkeley, California, USA bCalifornia Institute for Quantitative Biosciences-Berkeley (QB3-Berkeley), University of California, Berkeleygrid.47840.3f, Berkeley, California, USA cGraduate Group in Microbiology, University of California, Berkeleygrid.47840.3f, Berkeley, California, USA dDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeleygrid.47840.3f, Berkeley, California, USA, Sabine Ehrt
Infection and Immunity, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Tiemin Jiang, Wujianan Sun, Tuerganaili Aji, Yingmei Shao, Chuang Guo, Chuanshan Zhang, Bo Ran, Jiao Hou, Aimaiti Yasen, Qiang Guo, Hui Wang, Kun Qu, Hao Wen aState Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Management of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical Universitygrid.412631.3, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China bDepartment of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of Chinagrid.59053.3a, Hefei, Anhui, China cDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical Universitygrid.412631.3, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China dSchool of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of Chinagrid.59053.3a, Hefei, China, De’Broski R. Herbert
Infection and Immunity, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Nicholas A. Stella, Eric G. Romanowski, Kimberly M. Brothers, Rachel C. Calvario, Robert M. Q. Shanks aDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburghgrid.21925.3d School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA, Igor E. Brodsky
Infection and Immunity, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Pikka Jokelainen
Trends in Parasitology, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
The 15th International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA) was organized on 21–26 August 2022 in Copenhagen, Denmark, hosted by the Danish Society for Parasitology (DSP) and the Scandinavian-Baltic Society for Parasitology (SBSP). It was the first time that this main event of the World Federation of Parasitologists (WFP) was organized in a Nordic country, and the first time that the event was hybrid. In this TrendsTalk, the Chair of the Congress, Pikka Jokelainen, summarizes a selection of key parts of the ‘ICOPAnhagen’ experience.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Neill K. J. Adhikari
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1059-1060, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaan Beentjes, Rebecca K. Shears, Neil French, Daniel R. Neill, Aras Kadioglu
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1070-1080, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndrew Li, Lowell Ling, Hanyu Qin, Yaseen M. Arabi, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Moritoki Egi, Je Hyeong Kim, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, Do Ngoc Son, Wen-Feng Fang, Bambang Wahyuprajitno, Madiha Hashmi, Mohammad Omar Faruq, Boonsong Patjanasoontorn, Maher Jaffer Al Bahrani, Babu Raja Shrestha, Ujma Shrestha, Khalid Mahmood Khan Nafees, Kyi Kyi Sann, Jose Emmanuel M. Palo, Naranpurev Mendsaikhan, Aidos Konkayev, Khamsay Detleuxay, Yiong Huak Chan, Bin Du, Jigeeshu Vasishtha Divatia, Younsuck Koh, Charles D. Gomersall, Jason Phua
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1107-1116, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJenna Bodmer, Alice Levin, Christian Westöö, Oscar van der Have, Niccolò Peruzzi, Karin Tran-Lundmark, Steven H. Abman, Csaba Galambos
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1169-1170, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTaro Yasuma, Corina N. D’Alessandro-Gabazza, Tetsu Kobayashi, Esteban C. Gabazza, Hajime Fujimoto
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1182-1183, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRobert F. J. Kullberg, Justin de Brabander, Leonoor S. Boers, Lieuwe D. J. Bos, W. Joost Wiersinga
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 9, Page 1183-1184, November 1, 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShiza Malik, Yasir Waheed
Journal of Medical Virology, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Ancha Baranova, Hongbao Cao, Shaolei Teng, Fuquan Zhang
Journal of Medical Virology, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Umberto D’Alessandro
New England Journal of Medicine, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Kassoum Kayentao, Aissata Ongoiba, Anne C. Preston, Sara A. Healy, Safiatou Doumbo, Didier Doumtabe, Abdrahamane Traore, Hamadi Traore, Adama Djiguiba, Shanping Li, Mary E. Peterson, Shinyi Telscher, Azza H. Idris, Neville K. Kisalu, Kevin Carlton, Leonid Serebryannyy, Sandeep Narpala, Adrian B. McDermott, Martin Gaudinski, Siriman Traore, Hamidou Cisse, Mamadou Keita, Jeff Skinner, Zonghui Hu, Amatigué Zéguimé, Adama Ouattara, M’Bouye Doucoure, Amagana Dolo, Abdoulaye Djimdé, Boubacar Traore, Robert A. Seder, Peter D. Crompton
New England Journal of Medicine, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Siripat Pasittungkul, Ilada Thongpan, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana, Thanunrat Thongmee, Sirapa Klinfueng, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Yong Poovorawan
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
To investigate the seroprevalence of RSV infections in young children, the correlation between RSV antibody levels in maternal and cord blood, and to provide evidence of RSV reinfection in Thai children after primary infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaurabh C Sharda, Kamlesh Bisht, Vikas Sharma, Prabhakara Reddy Lakku, Mandip S Bhatia, Navneet Sharma, Manisha Biswal
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Charlotte M. Ahle, Cecilie Feidenhansl, Holger Brüggemann
Trends in Microbiology, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Cutibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes human skin. The lipophilic anaerobic bacterium resides mainly in the sebum-rich pilosebaceaous units, but is also detected in nonsebaceous areas. The species is polyphyletic and includes three different subspecies. Multiple phylogenetic lineages usually coexist on an individual’s skin; however, each pilosebaceous unit is predominately colonized by a single lineage. The bacterium is thought to contribute to skin homeostasis through colonization resistance, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory properties.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLancet Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
Rajasingham R, Govender NP, Jordan A, et al. The global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal infection in adults in 2020: a modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online Aug 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00499-6— In figure 2 of this Article, the spelling of Colombia was incorrect and the appendix has been corrected. These corrections have been made to the online version as of Oct 31, 2022, and will be made to the printed version.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKhalid B Beshir, Julian Muwanguzi, Johanna Nader, Raoul Mansukhani, Aliou Traore, Kadidja Gamougam, Sainey Ceesay, Thomas Bazie, Fassou Kolie, Mahaman M Lamine, Matt Cairns, Paul Snell, Susana Scott, Abdoulaye Diallo, Corinne S Merle, Jean Louis NDiaye, Lanto Razafindralambo, Diego Moroso, Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo, Issaka Zongo, Hamit Kessely, Daugla Doumagoum, Kalifa Bojang, Serign Ceesay, Kovana Loua, Hamma Maiga, Alassane Dicko, Issaka Sagara, Ibrahim M Laminou, Sonny Johnbull Ogboi, Tony Eloike, Paul Milligan, Colin J Sutherland
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 1.11.2022
In seven African countries, evidence of a significant reduction in parasite carriage among children receiving seasonal malaria chemoprevention was found 2 years after intervention scale-up. Combined resistance-associated haplotypes remained rare, and seasonal malaria chemoprevention with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine and amodiaquine is expected to retain effectiveness. The threat of future erosion of effectiveness due to dhps variant haplotypes requires further monitoring.
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