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Daniel D. Sprockett, Jeffrey D. Price, Anthony F. Juritsch, Robert J. Schmaltz, Madalena V. F. Real, Samantha L. Goldman, Michael Sheehan, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Andrew H. Moeller
Science Advances, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
Slobodan Tepic, Daniel Arens, Tim Buchholz, Dirk Nehrbass, Olivera Cvetkovic, Martin J. Stoddart, R. G. Richards, Stephan Zeiter
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Slobodan Tepic, Daniel Arens, Tim Buchholz, Dirk Nehrbass, Olivera Cvetkovic, Martin J. Stoddart, R. G. Richards, Stephan Zeiter Pneumonia, always a major malady, became the main public health and economic disaster of historical proportions with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was based on a premise that pathology of lung metabolism in inflammation may have features invariant to the nature of the underlying cause. Amino acid uptake by the lungs was measured from plasma samples collected pre-terminally from a carotid artery and vena cava in mice with bleomycin-induced lung inflammation (N = 10) and compared to controls treated with saline instillation (N = 6). In the control group, the difference in concentrations between the arterial and venous blood of the 19 amino acids measured reached the level of statistical significance only for arginine (-10.7%, p = 0.0372) and phenylalanine (+5.5%, p = 0.0266). In the bleomycin group, 11 amino acids had significantly lower concentrations in the arterial blood. Arginine concentration was decreased by 21.1% (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEllen Weiss Wiewel, Yaoyu Zhong, Qiang Xia, Christopher M. Beattie, Paul A. Brown, Pam X. Farquhar, John F. Rojas
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Ellen Weiss Wiewel, Yaoyu Zhong, Qiang Xia, Christopher M. Beattie, Paul A. Brown, Pam X. Farquhar, John F. Rojas Objectives To measure housing assistance and homelessness among persons living with HIV (PLWH) and their association with health. Methods Exposure categories were: experiencing homelessness (per emergency shelter use or self-report), receiving housing assistance (per housing subsidy) without homelessness, or neither homelessness nor receiving housing assistance. Outcomes were: engagement (≥1 visit) and retention (≥2 visits ≥90 days apart) in HIV-related medical care and one-time (latest viral load) and durable (≥1 viral load test, all suppressed) HIV viral suppression (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnna Neumann, Susanne M. Ulrich, Frank Sinß, Digo Chakraverty, Maria Hänelt, Ulrike Lux, Sarah Ghezih, Johanna Löchner, Ilona Renner
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Anna Neumann, Susanne M. Ulrich, Frank Sinß, Digo Chakraverty, Maria Hänelt, Ulrike Lux, Sarah Ghezih, Johanna Löchner, Ilona Renner Background In order for Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) to be effective, data-based information on families’ resources, burden and current use of support services for families with young children, as well as on children’s health and development is needed. The study Kinder in Deutschland [Children in Germany]–KiD 0–3 2022 aims at providing these data to help us understand families’ situation and needs in Germany now, including families’ experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method The study will recruit up to 300 pediatricians who will invite parents of children aged up to 48 months to participate in the study during a well-child visit. Parents (goal N = 8,000) will complete an online-questionnaire with their own web-enabled device. Pediatricians will complete a short questionnaire about each participating family. The questionnaires cover family psychosocial burden and resources, child health and development, use of family support services, as well as the families’ experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data will be analyzed to assess patterns of families´ psychosocial burdens and resources, use of support services for families with young children, and children´s health and development. Concordance between parent and pediatrician report will be assessed and comparisons with the predecessor study of 2015 will be drawn. Dissemination Findings will be disseminated through scientific conferences, open access peer-reviewed journals, and dissemination channels of the National Centre for Early Prevention. Discussion The present study will provide parent and pediatrician reports on how families with young children are doing in Germany. These data will be used to inform Germany’s early childhood intervention (ECI) program (“Frühe Hilfen”) on current needs of families with young children.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMansoor Davoodi, Abhishek Senapati, Adam Mertel, Weronika Schlechte-Welnicz, Justin M. Calabrese
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Mansoor Davoodi, Abhishek Senapati, Adam Mertel, Weronika Schlechte-Welnicz, Justin M. Calabrese During pandemics like COVID-19, both the quality and quantity of services offered by businesses and organizations have been severely impacted. They often have applied a hybrid home office setup to overcome this problem, although in some situations, working from home lowers employee productivity. So, increasing the rate of presence in the office is frequently desired from the manager’s standpoint. On the other hand, as the virus spreads through interpersonal contact, the risk of infection increases when workplace occupancy rises. Motivated by this trade-off, in this paper, we model this problem as a bi-objective optimization problem and propose a practical approach to find the trade-off solutions. We present a new probabilistic framework to compute the expected number of infected employees for a setting of the influential parameters, such as the incidence level in the neighborhood of the company, transmission rate of the virus, number of employees, rate of vaccination, testing frequency, and rate of contacts among the employees. The results show a wide range of trade-offs between the expected number of infections and productivity, for example, from 1 to 6 weekly infections in 100 employees and a productivity level of 65% to 85%. This depends on the configuration of influential parameters and the occupancy level. We implement the model and the algorithm and perform several experiments with different settings of the parameters. Moreover, we developed an online application based on the result in this paper which can be used as a recommender for the optimal rate of occupancy in companies/workplaces.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLizette Pizza, Samuel Ronfard, John D. Coley, Deborah Kelemen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Lizette Pizza, Samuel Ronfard, John D. Coley, Deborah Kelemen Health behaviors that do not effectively prevent disease can negatively impact psychological wellbeing and potentially drain motivations to engage in more effective behavior, potentially creating higher health risk. Despite this, studies linking “moral foundations” (i.e., concerns about harm, fairness, purity, authority, ingroup, and/or liberty) to health behaviors have generally been limited to a narrow range of behaviors, specifically effective ones. We therefore explored the degree to which moral foundations predicted a wider range of not only effective but ineffective (overreactive) preventative behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Study 1, participants from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States reported their engagement in these preventative behaviors and completed a COVID-specific adaptation of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire during the pandemic peak. While differences occurred across countries, authority considerations consistently predicted increased engagement in both effective preventative behaviors but also ineffective overreactions, even when controlling for political ideology. By contrast, purity and liberty considerations reduced intentions to engage in effective behaviors like vaccination but had no effect on ineffective behaviors. Study 2 revealed that the influence of moral foundations on U.S participants’ behavior remained stable 5-months later, after the pandemic peak. These findings demonstrate that the impact of moral foundations on preventative behaviors is similar across a range of western democracies, and that recommendations by authorities can have unexpected consequences in terms of promoting ineffective—and potentially damaging—overreactive behaviors. The findings underscore the importance of moral concerns for the design of health interventions that selectively promote effective preventative behavior.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWan Imanul Aisyah Wan Mohamad Nawi, Abdul Aziz K. Abdul Hamid, Muhamad Safiih Lola, Syerrina Zakaria, Elayaraja Aruchunan, R. U. Gobithaasan, Nurul Hila Zainuddin, Wan Azani Mustafa, Mohd Lazim Abdullah, Nor Aieni Mokhtar, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Wan Imanul Aisyah Wan Mohamad Nawi, Abdul Aziz K. Abdul Hamid, Muhamad Safiih Lola, Syerrina Zakaria, Elayaraja Aruchunan, R. U. Gobithaasan, Nurul Hila Zainuddin, Wan Azani Mustafa, Mohd Lazim Abdullah, Nor Aieni Mokhtar, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah Improving forecasting particularly time series forecasting accuracy, efficiency and precisely become crucial for the authorities to forecast, monitor, and prevent the COVID-19 cases so that its spread can be controlled more effectively. However, the results obtained from prediction models are inaccurate, imprecise as well as inefficient due to linear and non-linear patterns exist in the data set, respectively. Therefore, to produce more accurate and efficient COVID-19 prediction value that is closer to the true COVID-19 value, a hybrid approach has been implemented. Thus, aims of this study is (1) to propose a hybrid ARIMA-SVM model to produce better forecasting results. (2) to investigate in terms of the performance of the proposed models and percentage improvement against ARIMA and SVM models. statistical measurements such as MSE, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE then conducted to verify that the proposed models are better than ARIMA and SVM models. Empirical results with three real datasets of well-known cases of COVID-19 in Malaysia show that, compared to the ARIMA and SVM models, the proposed model generates the smallest MSE, RMSE, MAE and MAPE values for the training and testing datasets, means that the predicted value from the proposed model is closer to the actual value. These results prove that the proposed model can generate estimated values more accurately and efficiently. As compared to ARIMA and SVM, our proposed models perform much better in terms of error reduction percentages for all datasets. This is demonstrated by the maximum scores of 73.12%, 74.6%, 90.38%, and 68.99% in the MAE, MAPE, MSE, and RMSE, respectively. Therefore, the proposed model can be the best and effective way to improve prediction performance with a higher level of accuracy and efficiency in predicting cases of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto, Eduardo Polena Pacheco Araújo Costa, Sara Valente de Almeida, Joana Cima, Joana Gomes da Costa, João Vasco Santos, Claudia Souza Passador, João Luiz Passador, Pedro Pita Barros
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto, Eduardo Polena Pacheco Araújo Costa, Sara Valente de Almeida, Joana Cima, Joana Gomes da Costa, João Vasco Santos, Claudia Souza Passador, João Luiz Passador, Pedro Pita Barros Trust in institutions is a key driver to shape population attitudes and behavior, such as compliance of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). During the COVID-19 pandemic, this was fundamental and its compliance was supported by governmental and non-governmental institutions. Nevertheless, the situation of political polarization in some countries with decentralized health systems increased the difficulty of such interventions. This study analyzes the association between non-pharmaceutical interventions’ compliance and individual perception regarding institutions’ performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A web survey was conducted in Brazil between November 2020 and February 2021. Bivariate analysis and ordered logit regressions were performed to assess the association between NPIs compliance and perceived institutions’ performance. Results suggest a negative association between NPIs’ compliance and Federal Government and Ministry of health perceived performance, which may reflect the political positioning of the respondents. Moreover, we find a positive association between NPI compliance and the perceived performance of the remaining institutions (state government, federal supreme court, national congress, WHO, media and SUS). Our contribution goes beyond the study of a relationship between non-pharmaceutical interventions’ compliance and institutions’ performance, by pointing out the importance of subnational and local governmental spheres in a decentralized health system, as well as highlighting the importance of social communication based on health organizations’ information and scientific institutions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTajana Guberina, Ai Min Wang, Bojan Obrenovic
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Tajana Guberina, Ai Min Wang, Bojan Obrenovic The empirical study proposes a model for investigating the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on job insecurity and employee psychological wellbeing during COVID-19 based on the combined theoretical grounds of The Conservation of Resources Theory and Social Learning. To explore the job insecurity relationship with psychological wellbeing, and measure the impact of Fear of COVID-19, an empirical study was conducted on a sample of 408 employees in Croatia. The data of the cross-sectional study was collected in November and December 2020. A strong influence of job insecurity on the psychological wellbeing of employees has been identified. Furthermore, fear of COVID-19 was found to have adverse psychological effects on wellbeing. The theorized positive impact of entrepreneurial leadership on job insecurity was not supported by the evidence. The strong point of our contribution lies in the finding that the entrepreneurial leadership style alone does not buffer against job insecurity, thus pointing that the more comprehensive inquiry into other organizational factors, such as coping, learning abilities, developmental opportunities, personal disposition, and pressure bearing. The research is the first step toward enhancing our understanding of the entrepreneurial dimension of transactional psychology. The observations we recorded have implications for research into the study of the mental processes and their impact on organizational proactive behavior.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCyrelle J. Tenhagen, Engin Topan, Karin C. G. M. Groothuis-Oudshoorn
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Cyrelle J. Tenhagen, Engin Topan, Karin C. G. M. Groothuis-Oudshoorn In this paper, we investigate the spread of COVID-19 and the impact of government measures at the early stage of the pandemic (before the introduction of the vaccines) in the Netherlands. We build a multiple linear regression model to predict the effective reproduction rate using key factors and measures and integrate it with a system dynamics model to predict the spread and the impact of measures against COVID-19. Data from February to November 2020 is used to train the model and data until December 2020 is used to validate the model. We use data about the key factors, e.g., disease specific such as basic reproduction rate and incubation period, weather related factors such as temperature, and controllable factors such as testing capacity. We consider particularly the following measures taken by the government: wearing facemasks, event allowance, school closure, catering services closure, and self-quarantine. Studying the strategy of the Dutch government, we control these measures by following four main policies: doing nothing, mitigation, curbing, elimination. We develop a systems dynamic model to simulate the effect of policies. Based on our numerical experiments, we develop the following main insights: It is more effective to implement strict, sharp measures earlier but for a shorter duration than to introduce measures gradually for a longer duration. This way, we can prevent a quick rise in the number of infected cases but also to reduce the number of days under measures. Combining the measures with a high testing capacity and with effective self-quarantine can significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBrian C. Zanoni, Cecilia Milford, Kedibone Sithole, Nzwakie Mosery, Michael Wilson, Shannon Bosman, Jennifer Smit
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Brian C. Zanoni, Cecilia Milford, Kedibone Sithole, Nzwakie Mosery, Michael Wilson, Shannon Bosman, Jennifer Smit We conducted a mixed-methods study to understand current drug use practices and access to healthcare services for people who use injection drugs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We used respondent-driven sampling to recruit 45 people who used injection drugs within the past 6 months from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We found high rates of practices that increase HIV/viral hepatitis risk including the use of shared needles (43%) and direct blood injections (bluetoothing) (18%). Despite 35% living with HIV, only 40% accessed antiretroviral therapy within the past year, and one accessed PrEP. None of the participants ever tested for Hepatitis C.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMd. Mohsan Khudri, Kang Keun Rhee, Mohammad Shabbir Hasan, Karar Zunaid Ahsan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
by Md. Mohsan Khudri, Kang Keun Rhee, Mohammad Shabbir Hasan, Karar Zunaid Ahsan Background Malnutrition imposes enormous costs resulting from lost investments in human capital and increased healthcare expenditures. There is a dearth of research focusing on the prediction of women’s body mass index (BMI) and malnutrition outcomes (underweight, overweight, and obesity) in developing countries. This paper attempts to fill out this knowledge gap by predicting the BMI and the risks of malnutrition outcomes for Bangladeshi women of childbearing age from their economic, health, and demographic features. Methods Data from the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey and a series of supervised machine learning (SML) techniques are used. Additionally, this study circumvents the imbalanced distribution problem in obesity classification by utilizing an oversampling approach. Results Study findings demonstrate that the support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor are the two best-performing methods in BMI prediction based on the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The combined predictor algorithms consistently yield top specificity, Cohen’s kappa, F1-score, and AUC in classifying the malnutrition status, and their performance is robust to alternative standards. The feature importance ranking based on several nonparametric and combined predictors indicates that socioeconomic status, women’s age, and breastfeeding status are the most important features in predicting women’s nutritional outcomes. Furthermore, the conditional inference trees corroborate that those three features, along with the partner’s educational attainment and employment status, significantly predict malnutrition risks. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that predicts BMI and one of the pioneer studies to classify all three malnutrition outcomes for women of childbearing age in Bangladesh, let alone in any lower-middle income country, using SML techniques. Moreover, in the context of Bangladesh, this paper is the first to identify and rank features that are critical in predicting nutritional outcomes using several feature selection algorithms. The estimators from this study predict the outcomes of interest most accurately and efficiently compared to other existing studies in the relevant literature. Therefore, study findings can aid policymakers in designing policy and programmatic approaches to address the double burden of malnutrition among Bangladeshi women, thereby reducing the country’s economic burden.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundThe impact of occult HBV infection with HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ (OBI) on severity of liver fibrosis remains unclear.MethodsA total of 1772 HBsAg negative but anti-HBc positive subjects stratified between OBI and non-OBI were selected for long-term carriage leading to at least two of four liver fibrosis indexes elevated: hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), type III procollagen peptide (PCIII) or type IV collagen (CIV) tested in a Chinese hospital. Patients were tested for serum viral load, and HBV markers and histopathological changes in liver biopsies.ResultsOBI was identified in 148 liver fibrosis patients (8.4%), who had significantly higher levels of HA, LN, PCIII and CIV than 1624 fibrotic patients without OBI (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundIn infant bronchiolitis, recent evidence indicates that respiratory viruses (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], rhinovirus [RV]) contribute to the heterogeneity of disease severity. Of the potential pathobiological molecules, lipids serve as signaling molecules in airway inflammation. However, little is known about the role of the airway lipidome in between-virus heterogeneity and disease severity.MethodsIn this multicenter prospective study of 800 infants hospitalized for RSV or RV bronchiolitis, we analyzed the nasopharyngeal lipidome data. We examined discriminatory lipids between RSV and RV infection and the association of the discriminatory lipids with bronchiolitis severity—defined by positive pressure ventilation (PPV) use.ResultsWe identified 30 discriminatory nasopharyngeal lipid species and 8 fatty acids between RSV and RV infection. In the multivariable models adjusting for patient-level confounders, 8 lipid species—e.g., phosphatidylcholine (18:2/18:2) (adjOR 0.23, 95%CI 0.11-0.44, FDR=0.0004) and dihydroceramide (16:0) (adjOR 2.17, 95%CI 1.12-3.96, FDR=0.04)—were significantly associated with the risk of PPV use. Additionally, 6 fatty acids—e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid (adjOR 0.27, 95%CI 0.11-0.57, FDR=0.01)—were also significantly associated with the risk of PPV use.ConclusionsIn infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis, the nasopharyngeal lipidome plays an important role in the pathophysiology of between-virus heterogeneity and disease severity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
AbstractLeptospirosis is a recurring but neglected zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira. The explicit underlying mechanism of necroptosis and its role in Leptospira infection have not yet been elucidated. Here we reported that leptospiral PAMPs, lipopolysaccharide and glycolipoprotein activated the necroptotic RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL cascade through the TLR4 signaling pathway in mouse macrophages. Using the murine acute leptospirosis model, we revealed that abolition of necroptosis exhibited significantly improved outcomes in acute phases, with enhanced eradication of Leptospira from liver, mild clinical symptoms and decreased cytokine production. RIPK3 was also found to exert necroptosis-independent function in CXCL1 production and neutrophil recruitment, with the consequence of improved Leptospira control. These findings improved our understanding of the mechanism of Leptospira-macrophage interactions, indicating potential therapeutic values by targeting necroptosis signaling pathways.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
AbstractBACKGROUNDMechanisms underlying persistent cardiopulmonary symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection (post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 “PASC” or “Long COVID”) remain unclear. This study sought to elucidate mechanisms of cardiopulmonary symptoms and reduced exercise capacity.METHODSWe conducted cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and ambulatory rhythm monitoring among adults > 1 year after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a post-COVID cohort, compared those with or without symptoms, and correlated findings with previously measured biomarkers.RESULTSSixty participants (median age 53, 42% female, 87% non-hospitalized) were studied at median 17.6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. On CPET, 18/37 (49%) with symptoms had reduced exercise capacity (1 year following COVID-19 were associated with reduced exercise capacity, which was associated with elevated inflammatory markers early in PASC. Chronotropic incompetence may explain exercise intolerance among some with cardiopulmonary Long COVID.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
AbstractLymph nodes and spleens are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers that enter alongside arteries. Despite discovery of these nerve fibers nearly 40 years ago[1], the role of these nerves during response to infection remains poorly defined. We have found that chemical depletion of sympathetic nerve fibers compromises the ability of mice to develop protective immune memory to a Staphylococcus aureus infection. Innate control of the primary infection was not impacted by sympathectomy. Germinal center formation is also compromised in nerve-depleted animals, however protective antibody responses are still generated. Interestingly, protective CD4+ T cell memory fails to form in the absence of sympathetic nerves after S. aureus infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAgustina Taglialegna
Nat Rev Microbiol, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Infection, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Infection, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Abstract Purpose Identification of patients at risk of complicated or more severe COVID-19 is of pivotal importance, since these patients might require monitoring, antiviral treatment, and hospitalization. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the SACOV-19 score for its ability to predict complicated or more severe COVID-19. Methods In this prospective multicenter study, we included 124 adult patients with acute COVID-19 in three German hospitals, who were diagnosed in an early, uncomplicated stage of COVID-19 within 72 h of inclusion. We determined the SACOV-19 score at baseline and performed a follow-up at 30 days. Results The SACOV-19 score’s AUC was 0.816. At a cutoff of > 3, it predicted deterioration to complicated or more severe COVID-19 with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 55%. It performed significantly better in predicting complicated COVID-19 than the random tree-based SACOV-19 predictive model, the CURB-65, 4C mortality, or qCSI scores. Conclusion The SACOV-19 score is a feasible tool to aid decision making in acute COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLuana Aparecida Rogerio, Talita Yuri Takahashi, Luria Cardoso, Nayore Tamie Takamiya, Enaldo Vieira de Melo, Amelia Ribeiro de Jesus, Fabricia Alvisi de Oliveira, Sarah Forrester, Daniel C. Jeffares, João Santana da Silva, José Marcos Ribeiro, Roque Pacheco Almeida, Sandra Regina Maruyama
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
In the Americas, Brazil is the most affected country by Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), the most serious form of Leishmaniases, which can be lethal if left untreated or misdiagnosed [1]. Leishmania infantum is the causative species, however amplicon-based next-generation sequencing has revealed that VL patients can be co-infected with multiple Leishmania species and even with Trypanosoma [2]. Since 1980’s there have been occasional reports of monoxenous-trypanosomatid infection in humans, which have typically been associated with immunosuppression.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedA. Varma, S.M. Thysen, J.S.D. Martins, L.M. Nanque, A.K.G. Jensen, A.B. Fisker
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
In the past decades, the world has implemented numerous campaigns with measles vaccine (C-MV) to control and ultimately eradicate measles[1]. During the same decades overall child mortality has decreased tremendously[2]. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence suggests that MV also prevents infections unrelated to measles[3]. Such potential beneficial non-specific-effects (NSEs) of MV[3] have been examined in an epidemiological review commissioned by the World Health Organization[4]. The review concluded that the evidence is consistent with beneficial NSEs of MV[4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClemence Servier, Raphael Porcher, Isabelle Pane, Philippe Ravaud, Viet-Thi Tran
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Most of patients with post COVID-19 condition improve slowly over time, while 5% have rapid improvement in the two years after symptom onset and 4% have a persistent condition.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrançois Blanquart, Clémence Abad, Joevin Ambroise, Mathieu Bernard, Florence Débarre, Jean-Marc Giannoli, Thomas Rey, Vincent Vieillefond
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
: Quantify how the vaccine efficacy of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AD26.COV2-S, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against detected infection by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants varied by time since last dose, vaccine scheme, age and geographic areas.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHilary Humphreys, Margreet Vos, Elisabeth Presterl, Markus Hell
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Acute care hospitals traditionally have a combination of mixed occupancy rooms, i.e. two or more patients sharing the same room with an ensuite, and single rooms occupied by one patient with or without a lobby. This has been changing in recent years with a move towards single rooms for most if not all patients. Single rooms are currently prioritized for providing a protective environment for immunocompromised patients who are at particular risk of serious infection (protective isolation) or for the isolation of those patients with transmissible infections who pose a risk to other patients (source isolation).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndrea N. Utzon, Isik S. Johansen, Line L. Bang, Rune M. Pedersen, Thomas E. Andersen, Lone W. Madsen
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Immunocompromised patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to shed replicable virus for a prolonged period of time, and the duration of isolation can therefore be difficult to estimate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viral load dynamic in non-hospitalized immunocompromised patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with monoclonal antibodies or antivirals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCarlos Solano de la Asunción, Rafael Hernani, Eliseo Albert, María Dolores Gómez, Estela Giménez, Ana Benzaquén, Eva María González-Barberá, Juan Carlos Hernández-Boluda, Ariadna Pérez, José Luis Piñana, Pedro Chorao, Manuel Guerreiro, Juan Montoro, Jaime Sanz, Carlos Solano, David Navarro
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia may develop in a large percentage (up to 45%) of CMV-seropositive patients undergoing in CD19 CAR T-cell therapy [1,2] and may contribute to worsen clinical outcomes [1]. Here, by not administering preemptive antiviral therapy (PET) at low plasma CMV DNA loads (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLinus Bornemann, Olaf Kaup, Johannes Kleideiter, Bertram Ruprecht, Annika Hoyer, Marcus Panning, Reinhard Bornemann, Michael Wehmeier
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) play an important role in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. They are easier, quicker, and less expensive than the “gold standard” RT-PCR and therefore widely in use. Reliable clinical data with respect to Ag-RDT performance in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOCs is limited. Consequently, the objective of this study was to determine the impact different VOCs – especially Omicron – have on the clinical performance of an Ag-RDT.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAngelo Roberto Raccagni, Davide Mileto, Alberto Rizzo, Maria Rita Gismondo, Antonella Castagna, Silvia Nozza
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Parts of this work were presented at the 2023 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), Seattle, USA, 19-22 February 2023. Raccagni AR et al, Delayed Positivization of Non-lesion Specimens among Individuals with Mpox, 291.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedParham Sendi, Jaime Lora-Tamayo, Nicolas W. Cortes-Penfield, Ilker Uçkay
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Soma Dalai, Anthony D. Bai
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Infectious diseases (ID) consultation is associated with better survival in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and candidemia based on observational studies [1-4]. In this issue of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Tholany et al. [5] provides a strong argument of adding enterococcal bacteremia onto this list.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVillarim, P. V. O., Marinho, V. R. D., Abreu, C. A., Moura, A. C. M. A., Silva, T. C. L., Alves, H. P. M., Rego, A. C. M., Medeiros, K. S., Araujo-Filho, I.
BMJ Open, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
IntroductionUp to the present time, the laparoscopic approach for colon cancer is considered the gold standard. However, robotic surgery has been appraised in modern medicine. It is essential to evaluate the differences between laparoscopic and robotic surgery, owing to the significant impact they cause in postoperative morbidity and mortality. This article aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to compare robotic versus laparoscopic colectomies in patients with colon cancer in terms of the incidence of colonic fistulas. Methods and analysisPubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, LILACS and Clinical trials databases will be searched for randomised clinical trials investigating the incidence of colonic fistulas in patients with colonic cancer, submitted to robotic surgery compared with a laparoscopic approach. No language or publication period restrictions will be imposed. The primary outcome will be the incidence of colonic fistulas in patients with colon cancer in different surgical approaches. The secondary outcomes will be the incidence of infection, sepsis, mortality, length of hospitalisation and malnutrition. Three independent reviewers will select the studies and extract data from the original publications. The risk of bias will be assessed using The Risk of Bias 2 tool, and the evidence’s certainty will be made using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Data synthesis will be performed using the Review Manager software (RevMan V.5.2.3). To assess heterogeneity. We will compute the I2 statistics. In addition, a quantitative synthesis will be performed if the included studies are sufficiently homogeneous. Ethics and disseminationThis study will review the published data; thus, it is not necessary to obtain ethical approval. The findings of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021295313.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSingleton, D., Ibarz-Pavon, A., Swarthout, T. D., Bonomali, F., Cornick, J., Kalizangoma, A., Ntiza, N., Brown, C., Chipatala, R., Nyangulu, W., Chirombo, J., Kawalazira, G., Chibowa, H., Mwansambo, C., Maleta, K. M., French, N., Heyderman, R. S.
BMJ Open, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
IntroductionVaccination is a potentially critical component of efforts to arrest development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), though little is known about vaccination impact within low-income and middle-income countries. This study will evaluate the impact of vaccination on reducing carriage prevalence of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. We will leverage two large ongoing cluster-randomised vaccine evaluations in Malawi assessing; first, adding a booster dose to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) schedule, and second, introduction of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine. Methods and analysisSix cross-sectional surveys will be implemented within primary healthcare centres (n=3000 users of outpatient facilities per survey) and their local communities (n=700 healthy children per survey): three surveys in Blantyre district (PCV13 component) and three surveys in Mangochi district (RTS,S/AS01 component). We will evaluate antibiotic prescription practices and AMR carriage in children ≤3 years. For the PCV13 component, surveys will be conducted 9, 18 and 33 months following a 3+0 to 2+1 schedule change. For the RTS,S/AS01 component, surveys will be conducted 32, 44 and 56 months post-RTS,S/AS01 introduction. Six health centres in each study component will be randomly selected for study inclusion. Between intervention arms, the primary outcome will be the difference in penicillin non-susceptibility prevalence among S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage isolates in healthy children. The study is powered to detect an absolute change of 13 percentage points (ie, 35% vs 22% penicillin non-susceptibility). Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (Ref: P01-21-3249), University College London (Ref: 18331/002) and University of Liverpool (Ref: 9908) Research Ethics Committees. Parental/caregiver verbal or written informed consent will be obtained prior to inclusion or recruitment in the health centre-based and community-based activities, respectively. Results will be disseminated via the Malawi Ministry of Health, WHO, peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
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