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Ziying Chen, Wenbing Jin, Alex Hoover, Yanjie Chao, Yanlei Ma
Trends in Microbiology, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
The human gastrointestinal microbiome (see Glossary) is an intricate, multi-kingdom community comprising roughly 3×1013 microbial cells from more than 1000 species of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes [1]. These microbes contribute to diverse aspects of human health and disease, including nutrient metabolism [2], physical development [3], immune defense [4], psychiatric health and disorders [5], and tumorigenesis [6]. The identity of critical microbes and microbial communities, especially bacterial, associated with both healthy and disease states has been extensively documented, thanks to the wide application of culture-independent techniques such as metagenomics and 16S rDNA sequencing [7].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnna S. Jaeger, Chelsea M. Crooks, Andrea M. Weiler, Mason I. Bliss, Sierra Rybarczyk, Alex Richardson, Morgan Einwalter, Eric Peterson, Saverio Capuano, Alison Barkhymer, Jordan T. Becker, Joseph T. Greene, Tanya S. Freedman, Ryan A. Langlois, Thomas C. Friedrich, Matthew T. Aliota
Science Advances, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
Luke Smithers, Oksana Degtjarik, Dietmar Weichert, Chia-Ying Huang, Coilín Boland, Katherine Bowen, Abraham Oluwole, Corinne Lutomski, Carol V. Robinson, Eoin M. Scanlan, Meitian Wang, Vincent Olieric, Moran Shalev-Benami, Martin Caffrey
Science Advances, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
Erica Telford, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Inge Christoffer Olsen, Nicolas Pulik, France Mentré, Skerdi Haviari, Maxime Hentzien, Olivier Ségéral, Miquel B. Ekkelenkamp, Dimie Ogoina, Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, Alpha Diallo, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Alexandra Calmy
Nature, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
Nilüfer Ersan, Beliz Özel
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Nilüfer Ersan, Beliz Özel Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic condition that may cause loss of bone mineral density (BMD) due to chronic inflammation. Previously, fractal dimension (FD) analysis values of mandibular cortical bone were shown to be lower in osteoporosis. Therefore, FD might be considered as an auxiliary tool to refer patients for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is the gold standard for BMD measurement. The purpose of this cross-sectional retrospective study was to evaluate trabecular and cortical microarchitecture of the mandible with FD analysis on panoramic radiographs in a subpopulation of FMF. Also, the effect of colchicine use was investigated. Forty-three FMF patients, aged between 10.8 and 71.2 years, and age- and gender-matched control group consisting of patients, who had no systemic diseases, were included. Demographic information such as age and gender, and colchicine use were recorded. In terms of age, the patients were classified as
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAssiya Yessenbayeva, Bakytbek Apsalikov, Meruyert Massabayeva, Maksut Kazymov, Aizhan Shakhanova, Zhanna Mussazhanova, Irina Kadyrova, Nurlan Aukenov, Nurlan Shaimardanov
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Assiya Yessenbayeva, Bakytbek Apsalikov, Meruyert Massabayeva, Maksut Kazymov, Aizhan Shakhanova, Zhanna Mussazhanova, Irina Kadyrova, Nurlan Aukenov, Nurlan Shaimardanov Objectives To study the role of biological markers of immunothrombosis and polymorphisms of cytokine genes IL2, IL6, IL10 and their influence on the severity of COVID-19 in a Kazakh population. Methods A total of 301 patients of Kazakh nationality with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 participated in the retrospective study, including 142 patients with severe and 159 with a mild course. Single nucleotide polymorphisms IL2R rs1801274, IL6 rs2069840, and IL10 rs1800872 were genotyped by real-time PCR. Activated partial thromboplastin time, normalized ratio, prothrombin index, prothrombin time, fibrinogen prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein analysis were also conducted. Results The average age of patients with severe COVID-19 is higher than of patients with mild COVID-19 (p = 0.03). The findings showed that fibrinogen, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein were significantly greater in the group of patients with severe COVID-19 (p = 0.0001). A very strong correlation between the severity of COVID-19 with the D-dimer and C-reactive protein (p = 0.9) (p = 0.02) was found. Conclusion The results of our study confirm that D-dimer, fibrinogen, and CRP are biomarkers of inflammation and hypercoagulation that serve as predictors of immunothrombosis affecting the severity of COVID-19. D-dimer is also associated with IL10 rs1800872 gene polymorphism in the Kazakh population with severe COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKota Kanda, Shisei Tei, Hidehiko Takahashi, Junya Fujino
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Kota Kanda, Shisei Tei, Hidehiko Takahashi, Junya Fujino Although mitigating burnout has long been a pressing issue in healthcare, recent global disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic and wars, have exacerbated this problem. Medical professionals are frequently exposed to diverse job-induced distress; furthermore, the importance of people’s sense of coherence (SOC) over work has been addressed to better deal with burnout. However, the neural mechanisms underlying SOC in medical professionals are not sufficiently investigated. In this study, the intrinsic fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) were measured as an indicator of regional brain spontaneous activity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in registered nurses. The associations between participants’ SOC levels and the fALFF values within brain regions were subsequently explored. The SOC scale scores were positively correlated with fALFF values in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the left inferior parietal lobule. Furthermore, the SOC levels of the participants mediated the link between their fALFF values in the right SFG and the depersonalization dimension of burnout. The results deepened the understanding of the counter role of SOC on burnout in medical professionals and may provide practical insights for developing efficient interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuwadee Wittayapun, Ueamporn Summart, Panicha Polpanadham, Thanyaporn Direksunthorn, Raweewan Paokanha, Naruk Judabood, Muhamad Zulfatul A’la
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Yuwadee Wittayapun, Ueamporn Summart, Panicha Polpanadham, Thanyaporn Direksunthorn, Raweewan Paokanha, Naruk Judabood, Muhamad Zulfatul A’la The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), an introductory scale used to identify common mental disorders (CMDs) among adults, was validated across cultures in Asian populations; nevertheless, its capacity for screening these disorders may be limited for some specified groups, including nursing students. This study attempted to investigate the psychometric scale’s unique features of DASS-21 for Thai nursing students in an online learning environment during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional study using the multistage sampling technique recruited 3,705 nursing students from 18 universities located in south and northeast Thailand. The data were gathered using an online web-based survey, and then all respondents were divided into 2 groups (group 1, n = 2,000, group 2, n = 1,705). After using the statistical methods to reduce items, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using group 1 was performed to investigate the factor structure of the DASS-21. Finally, group 2 used confirmatory factor analysis to verify the modified structure proposed by the EFA and assess the construct validity of the DASS-21. A total of 3,705 Thai nursing students were enrolled. For the factorial construct validity, a three-factor model was initially suggested containing 18 items (DASS-18) spread across 3 components: anxiety (7 items), depression (7 items) and stress (4 items). The internal consistency reliability was acceptable with Cronbach’s alpha in the range of 0.73–0.92for either the total or its subscales. For convergent validity, average variance extracted (AVE) showed that all the DASS-18 subscales achieved convergence effect with AVE in the range of 0.50–0.67. The psychometric features of the DASS-18 will support Thai psychologists and researchers to screen CMDs more easily among undergraduate nursing students in tertiary institutions who enrolled in an online learning environment during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTomoya Kitayama
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Tomoya Kitayama The COVID-19 pandemic has created an extraordinary situation for undergraduate students. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the national examination for pharmacists in Japan. In this study, we analyzed the content of Twitter to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the national exam, including psychological aspects. Tweets including the words \'national examinations\' and \'pharmacists\' were compiled from December 2020 to March 2021. ML-Ask, a python library, was used to evaluate the emotional register of the tweets on the basis of ten elements: Joy, Fondness, Relief, Gloom, Dislike, Anger, Fear, Shame, Excitement, and Surprise. The presence of COVID-19-related terms was clearly visible in tweets about the national examination of pharmacists between December 1st–and 15th, 2020. It was precisely during this period that the government had announced a strategy regarding national examinations, in the light of COVID-19. The analysis found that post December 16th, words associated with negative emotions were mainly related to the examination, but not to COVID-19. As a result of analyzing only infected areas, a relationship between employment and negative feeling was detected.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThomas Farrell, Fathima Minisha, Salwa Abu Yaqoub, Abubaker Abdel Rahim, Mai Omar, Huda Ahmed, Stephen Lindow, Merlin Rajam Abraham, Mahmoud Gassim, Nader Al-Dewik, Shamsa Ahmed, Hilal Al-Rifai, Q-precious group
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Thomas Farrell, Fathima Minisha, Salwa Abu Yaqoub, Abubaker Abdel Rahim, Mai Omar, Huda Ahmed, Stephen Lindow, Merlin Rajam Abraham, Mahmoud Gassim, Nader Al-Dewik, Shamsa Ahmed, Hilal Al-Rifai, Q-precious group Background The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted pregnant women, increasing maternal and neonatal morbidity. The placenta is a potential target for the pathophysiological processes due to the increased thrombotic inflammatory activation and inadequate uteroplacental perfusion and oxygenation, potentially causing intrauterine growth restriction. This study investigates the impact of gestational age at diagnosis of COVID-19 and the presence of symptoms on intrauterine fetal growth in pregnant women. Methods A retrospective review of COVID-19 positive pregnant women in Qatar from March 2020 to March 2021 was conducted. They were divided based on trimester of pregnancy in which they were infected. The outcomes included birthweight, customised fetal birthweight centiles, small for gestational age (SGA) baby and daily growth increments, compared between the trimesters and between symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Results In our cohort, 218 women (20.5%) were infected in the first trimester, 399 (37.5%) in the second and 446 (42%) in the third. Women in the second trimester were significantly younger and symptomatic. Women infected in the first trimester were least likely to have diabetes. The mean birthweight, risk of SGA (11.5% vs 10% vs 14.6%, p = 0.302), and median customized growth centiles (47.6% vs 45.9% vs 46.1%)were similar between the groups. Symptomatic women had significantly lower mean birthweight (3147 gms vs 3222 gms) and median birthweight centiles (43.9% vs 54.0%)compared to the asymptomatic (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMario Mischkulnig, Benjamin Hopp, Lisa I. Wadiura, Farjad Khalaveh, Barbara Kiesel, Karl Rössler, Georg Widhalm, Christian Dorfer
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Mario Mischkulnig, Benjamin Hopp, Lisa I. Wadiura, Farjad Khalaveh, Barbara Kiesel, Karl Rössler, Georg Widhalm, Christian Dorfer Background Throughout the last years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed a major challenge to the optimal and timely treatment of neurooncological patients around the world. While the importance of prompt surgical treatment in high-grade gliomas is widely accepted, there is sparse data on the impact of the pandemic on patients suffering from this malignant disease. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgical high-grade glioma treatment at the Medical University of Vienna between March 2020 and February 2021, as well as a control cohort of patients who received treatment between January and December 2019. Time lag between referral for surgical treatment to actual surgery, preoperative tumor volume and overall patient survival were compared between groups. Results A total of 118 patients, including 62 cases treated during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as 56 control patients, were investigated in this study. Median interval to surgery was significantly shorter in patients treated during COVID-19 compared with the control group (4.00 versus 7.00 days; p = 0.0005). In contrast, patients treated during COVID-19 exhibited marginally larger preoperative tumor volumes, while overall patient survival was comparable between groups. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic did not negatively affect the overall survival of patients undergoing surgical high-grade glioma treatment at our institution. The significantly shorter treatment delay in patients treated during the pandemic likely reflects increased resource allocation for this critical patient population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYazdan Aryazand, Nicole J. Buote, YuHung Hsieh, Kei Hayashi, Desiree Rosselli
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Yazdan Aryazand, Nicole J. Buote, YuHung Hsieh, Kei Hayashi, Desiree Rosselli This study assessed the effects of concurrent intra-articular injection and Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) plate surface treatment with leukoreduced platelet rich plasma (lPRP) on outcomes of dogs undergoing TPLO. A retrospective study of medical records for cases presenting from January 2018 to December 2020 was performed. Client-owned dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent TPLO surgery were divided into two groups. The lPRP group included cases that underwent intra-articular injection and plate surface treatment at the time of their TPLO. The control group (C) underwent TPLO without PRP treatment. Data analyzed included: presence of surgical site infection, implant removal rate, degree of change in OA progression score, lameness score progression and radiographic bone healing. The short- and long-term complication rate, hospitalization and antibiotic therapy were also compared between the groups. Descriptive statistics, comparison analyses (Chi square test, t-test, Fisher’s exact test) and multi-level logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. A total of 110 cases met the study inclusion criteria: 54 = lPRP, 56 = C. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to gender, age, presence of meniscal tear, weight, or body condition score. Significant findings included: improved radiographic healing of the osteotomy in the lPRP group, improved global OA scores in the lPRP group, and improved lameness score at recheck examination in the lPRP group. There was no significant difference between the lPRP and C group with regard to surgical site infection and implant removal rate. Concurrent intra-articular injection and plate surface treatment with leukocyte reduced PRP at the time of TPLO, is beneficial in slowing the progression of OA, hastening the radiographic evidence of osteotomy healing, and improved lameness score on recheck examination. Leukocyte reduced PRP was not a significant factor in reducing SSI or implant removal rate.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHiginio Fernández-Sánchez, Ziad Zahoui, Jennifer Jones, Emmanuel Akwasi Marfo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Higinio Fernández-Sánchez, Ziad Zahoui, Jennifer Jones, Emmanuel Akwasi Marfo Objective To conduct a rapid review and determine the acceptability, access, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among global migrants. Materials and methods A rapid review was conducted May 2022 capturing data collected from April 2020 to May 2022. Eight databases were searched: PubMed, Ovid Medline, EMBase, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, LILACS, and the Web of Science. The keywords “migrants” AND COVID-19” AND “vaccine” were matched with terms in MeSH. Peer-reviewed articles in English, French, Portuguese, or French were included if they focused on COVID-19 immunization acceptability, access, or uptake among global migrants. Two independent reviewers selected and extracted data. Extracted data was synthesized in a table of key characteristics and summarized using descriptive statistics. Results The search returned 1,186 articles. Ten articles met inclusion criteria. All authors reported data on the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine, two on access, and one on uptake. Eight articles used quantitative designs and two studies were qualitative. Overall, global migrants had low acceptability and uptake, and faced challenges in accessing the COVID-19 vaccine, including technological issues. Conclusions This rapid review provides a global overview of the access, acceptability, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among global migrants. Recommendations for practice, policy, and future research to increase access, acceptability, and uptake of vaccinations are discussed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohamed I. Elsaid, Xiaochen Zhang, Anne L. R. Schuster, Jesse J. Plascak, Cecilia DeGraffinreid, Electra D. Paskett
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Mohamed I. Elsaid, Xiaochen Zhang, Anne L. R. Schuster, Jesse J. Plascak, Cecilia DeGraffinreid, Electra D. Paskett Background The impacts of socioeconomic status (SES) on COVID-19-related changes in cancer prevention behavior have not been thoroughly investigated. We conducted a cohort study to examine the effects of SES on changes in cancer prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We invited adult participants from previous studies conducted at Ohio State University to participate in a study assessing the impact of COVID-19 on various behaviors. Post-COVID-19 cancer prevention behaviors, including physical activity, daily intake of fruits and vegetables, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and qualitative changes in post-COVID-19 behaviors relative to pre-COVID levels, were used to construct a prevention behavior change index that captures the adherence status and COVID-related changes in each behavior, with higher index scores indicating desirable changes in prevention behaviors. Participants were classified into low, middle, or high SES based on household income, education, and employment status. Adjusted regression models were used to examine the effects of SES on changes in cancer prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The study included 6,136 eligible participants. The average age was 57 years, 67% were women, 89% were non-Hispanic Whites, and 33% lived in non-metro counties. Relative to participants with high SES, those with low SES had a 24% [adjusted relative ratio, aRR = 0.76 (95%CI 0.72–0.80)], 11% [aRR = 0.89 (95%CI 0.86–0.92)], and 5% [aRR = 0.95 (95%CI 0.93–0.96)], lower desirable changes in prevention behaviors for physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and tobacco use, respectively. Low SES had a higher desirable change in alcohol consumption prevention behaviors, 16% [aRR = 1.16 (95%CI 1.13–1.19)] relative to high SES. The adjusted odds of an overall poor change in prevention behavior were adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.55 (95%CI 1.27 to 1.89) and aOR 1.40 (95%CI 1.19 to 1.66), respectively, higher for those with low and middle SES relative to those with high SES. Conclusion The adverse impacts of COVID-19 on cancer prevention behaviors were seen most in those with lower SES. Public health efforts are currently needed to promote cancer prevention behaviors, especially amongst lower SES adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKaroline Lukaschek, Carolin Haas, André Wannemüller, Christian Brettschneider, Tobias Dreischulte, Jürgen Margraf, Jochen Gensichen, on behalf of the PARADIES study group
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
by Karoline Lukaschek, Carolin Haas, André Wannemüller, Christian Brettschneider, Tobias Dreischulte, Jürgen Margraf, Jochen Gensichen, on behalf of the PARADIES study group A practice team-based exercise programme with elements of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and case management for patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in primary care showed significant positive effects. Here, we analyse the long-term effects (>5 years) of this intervention in the stressful context of the Covid-19 pandemic. All participants of the original PARADIES cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT; 2012–2016) were invited to participate in a follow-up during the Covid-19 pandemic. Clinical outcomes were anxiety symptoms, number and severity of panic attacks, agoraphobic avoidance behaviour, Covid-specific anxiety symptom severity, depression, and patient assessment of chronic illness care. Data were analysed cross-sectionally for group differences (intervention, control) and longitudinally (T0: baseline, T1: 6 months and TCorona: >60 months). Of the original 419 participants, 100 participated in the 60 months follow-up (October 2020-May 2021). In the cross-sectional analysis, the anxiety symptom severity in the intervention group was lower than in the control group (p = .011, Cohen‘s d = .517). In the longitudinal analysis, both groups showed an increase of anxiety and depression symptoms compared to pre-pandemic level. The intervention may have had a lasting impact regarding anxiety severity despite the challenging context of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, we cannot say to what extend the intervention still played a role in participants’ lives; other factors may also have helped with coping. The increase of anxiety and depression symptoms in both groups over time could be attributed to external circumstances.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
Abstract Background Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) have served as the cornerstone of malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa for the past two decades. Over 2.5 billion ITNs have been delivered since 2004 primarily through periodic mass distribution campaigns scheduled at approximately three-year intervals, aligning with the expected lifespan of nets. Recent work indicates that ITN retention times are less than two years in most countries, raising key questions for quantification approaches and delivery frequency for ITN distribution. This paper models several quantification approaches for five typical ITN distribution strategies, estimates the proportion of the population with access to an ITN, and presents recommended quantification approaches to meet global targets for ITN access and use. Methods A stock and flow model with annual timesteps was used to model ITN distribution and resulting ITN access for 2020–2035 under five scenarios in 40 countries: (1) three-year mass campaigns, (2) full-scale annual continuous distribution, (3) three-year mass campaigns plus continuous distribution in the years between campaigns, (4) three-year mass campaigns at different quantification approaches, (5) two-year mass campaigns at different quantification approaches. All scenarios included ITN distribution to pregnant women at antenatal clinics and infants at immunization visits. Results The current status quo of conducting mass campaigns every three years using a population/1.8 quantifier is insufficient to achieve or maintain targets of 80% population access to ITNs in most malaria-endemic countries, given most estimated retention times are less than three years. Tailored three- or two-year mass campaigns were less efficient than annual continuous distribution strategies in nearly all settings. For countries with at least 2.5 year median ITN retention times, full scale continuous distribution provided better ITN access while needing 20-23% fewer ITNs compared to current mass campaigns. Conclusion Given variation in ITN retention times across countries, tailored quantification approaches for mass campaigns and continuous distribution strategies are warranted. Continuous distribution strategies are likely to offer more efficient ways to maintain ITN coverage, with fewer nets, where ITN retention times are at least two and a half years. National malaria programmes and their funding partners should work to increase the number of ITNs available to those vulnerable to malaria, while at the same time working to extend the useful life of these critical commodities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023
Abstract Purpose Progress of interventional cardiology has boosted the use of newer cardiac devices. These devices are perceived to be less prone to infections compared to traditional surgical prostheses, but little data are currently available. In this systematic review (SR), we summarize current literature regarding the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with MitraClip-related infective endocarditis (IE). Methods We conducted a SR of PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus between January 2003 and March 2022. MitraClip-related IE was defined according to 2015 ESC criteria whereas MitraClip involvement as vegetation on the device or on the mitral valve. Risk of bias was assessed through standardized checklist and potential bias of underestimation cannot be excluded. Data regarding clinical presentation, echocardiography, management, and outcome were collected. Results Twenty-six cases of MitraClip-related IE were retrieved. The median age of patients was 76 [61–83] years with a median EuroScore of 41%. Fever was present in 65.8% of patients followed by signs and symptoms of heart failure (42.3%). IE occurred early in 20 (76.9%) cases with a median time between MitraClip implantation and IE symptom onset of 5 [2–16] months. Staphylococcus aureus was the major causative microorganism (46%). Surgical mitral valve replacement was needed in 50% of patients. A conservative medical approach was considered in the remainder. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 50% (surgical group: 38.4%; medical group: 58.3%; p = 0.433). Conclusion Our results suggest that MitraClip-related IE affects elderly, comorbid patients, is mostly due to Staphylococcus aureus, and has a poor prognosis irrespective of the therapeutic approach. Clinicians must be aware of the features of this new entity among cardiovascular infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnnemijn H. Jonkman, Glasiele C. Alcala, Bertrand Pavlovsky, Oriol Roca, Savino Spadaro, Gaetano Scaramuzzo, Lu Chen, Jose Dianti, Mayson L. de A. Sousa, Michael C. Sklar, Thomas Piraino, Huiqing Ge, Guang-Qiang Chen, Jian-Xin Zhou, Jie Li, Ewan C. Goligher, Eduardo Costa, Jordi Mancebo, Tommaso Mauri, Marcelo Amato, Laurent J. Brochard
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 208, Issue 1, Page 25-38, July 1, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
Abstract Background Negative conversion of nucleic acid was a key factor in deciding discharge or the end of isolation of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients. We aimed to explore the effect of vaccination on the time to negative conversion after Omicron infection. Methods This retrospective cohort study included asymptomatic or mild patients with COVID-19 admitted to Fangcang shelter Hospital from November 10, 2022 to December 2, 2022. The relationship between vaccination status and the time to negative conversion was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results A total of 2,104 asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 1,963 were vaccinated. The mean time to negative conversion of no vaccination, one dose, two doses, and three doses were 12.57 (5.05), 12.18 (3.46), 11.67 (4.86) and 11.22 (4.02) days, respectively (p = 0.002). Compared with no vaccination, two doses (β=-0.88, 95% CI: -1.74, -0.02, p = 0.045), and three doses (β=-1.51, 95% CI: -2.33, -0.70, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMa, Chen Hsiang; Tworek, Kimberly B.; Kung, Janice Y.; Kilcommons, Sebastian; Wheeler, Kathleen; Parker, Arabesque; Senaratne, Janek; Macintyre, Erika; Sligl, Wendy; Karvellas, Constantine J.; Zampieri, Fernando G.; Kutsogiannis, Demetrios Jim; Basmaji, John; Lewis, Kimberley; Chaudhuri, Dipayan; Sharif, Sameer; Rewa, Oleksa G.; Rochwerg, Bram; Bagshaw, Sean M.; Lau, Vincent I.
Critical Care Explorations, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
OBJECTIVES: While opioids are part of usual care for analgesia in the ICU, there are concerns regarding excess use. This is a systematic review of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use in postoperative critical care adult patients. DATA SOURCES: We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, trial registries, Google Scholar, and relevant systematic reviews through March 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed independently and induplicate by two investigators to identify eligible studies. We included randomized control trials (RCTs) that compared NSAIDs alone or as an adjunct to opioids for systemic analgesia. The primary outcome was opioid utilization. DATA EXTRACTION: In duplicate, investigators independently extracted study characteristics, patient demographics, intervention details, and outcomes of interest using predefined abstraction forms. Statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager software Version 5.4. (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). DATA SYNTHESIS: We included 15 RCTs (n = 1,621 patients) for admission to the ICU for postoperative management after elective procedures. Adjunctive NSAID therapy to opioids reduced 24-hour oral morphine equivalent consumption by 21.4 mg (95% CI, 11.8–31.0 mg reduction; high certainty) and probably reduced pain scores (measured by Visual Analog Scale) by 6.1 mm (95% CI, 12.2 decrease to 0.1 increase; moderate certainty). Adjunctive NSAID therapy probably had no impact on the duration of mechanical ventilation (1.6 hr reduction; 95% CI, 0.4 hr to 2.7 reduction; moderate certainty) and may have no impact on ICU length of stay (2.1 hr reduction; 95% CI, 6.1 hr reduction to 2.0 hr increase; low certainty). Variability in reporting adverse outcomes (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, acute kidney injury) precluded their meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In postoperative critical care adult patients, systemic NSAIDs reduced opioid use and probably reduced pain scores. However, the evidence is uncertain for the duration of mechanical ventilation or ICU length of stay. Further research is required to characterize the prevalence of NSAID-related adverse outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNothem, Meghan E.; Salazar, Alan G.; Nanchal, Rahul S.; Bergl, Paul A.
Critical Care Explorations, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
IMPORTANCE: Critically ill patients frequently experience acute encephalopathy, often colloquially termed “altered mental status” (AMS); however, there are no consensus guidelines or criteria about performing lumbar puncture (LP) and advanced neuroimaging in medical ICU patients with unexplained encephalopathy. OBJECTIVES: We sought to characterize the yield of combined LP and brain MRI (bMRI) in such patients as determined by both the frequency of abnormal results and the therapeutic efficacy of these investigations, that is, how often results changed management. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective cohort study of medical ICU patients admitted to a tertiary academic center between 2012 and 2018 who had documented diagnoses of “AMS” and/or synonymous terms, no clear etiology of encephalopathy, and had undergone both LP and bMRI. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the frequency of abnormal diagnostic testing results determined objectively for LP using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and subjectively for bMRI through team agreement on imaging findings deemed significant through retrospective chart review. We subjectively determined the frequency of therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we analyzed the effect of other clinical variables on the likelihood of discovering abnormal CSF and bMRI findings through chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: One hundred four patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty patients (48.1%) had an abnormal CSF profile or definitive microbiological or cytological data by LP, 44 patients (42.3%) had bMRI with significant abnormal findings, and 74 patients (71.2%) had abnormal results on at least one of these investigations. Few clinical variables were associated with the abnormal findings in either investigation. We judged 24.0% (25/104) of bMRI and 26.0% (27/104) of LPs to have therapeutic efficacy with moderate interobserver reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Determining when to perform combined LP and bMRI in ICU patients with unexplained acute encephalopathy must rely on clinical judgment. These investigations have a reasonable yield in this selected population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAldhaeefi, Mohammed; Alshaya, Abdulrahman; Belrhiti, Sanaa; Rungkitwattanakul, Dhakrit
Critical Care Explorations, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. Septic shock is when initial fluid resuscitation fails to increase the mean atrial pressure to greater than or equal to 65 mm Hg. The 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend corticosteroids for vasopressor and fluid-refractory septic shock patients. Medication shortages can arise, and their etiologies include natural disasters, quality control issues, and manufacturing discontinuation. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists announced a shortage of IV hydrocortisone. Methylprednisolone and dexamethasone are considered therapeutic alternatives to hydrocortisone. This commentary aims to guide clinicians on the alternative to hydrocortisone among septic shock patients due to medication shortage.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRipple, Michael J.; Huang, Min; Stephenson, Susan T.; Mohammad, Ahmad F.; Tidwell, Mallory; Fitzpatrick, Anne M.; Kamaleswaran, Rishikesan; Grunwell, Jocelyn R.
Critical Care Explorations, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
IMPORTANCE: CD4+ T cells contribute to lung inflammation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. The CD4+ T-cell response in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To identify differentially expressed genes and networks using a novel transcriptomic reporter assay with donor CD4+ T cells exposed to the airway fluid of intubated children with mild versus severe PARDS. DESIGN: In vitro pilot study. SETTING: Laboratory-based study using human airway fluid samples admitted to a 36-bed university-affiliated pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS/SUBJECTS: Seven children with severe PARDS, nine children with mild PARDS, and four intubated children without lung injury as controls. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We performed bulk RNA sequencing using a transcriptomic reporter assay of CD4+ T cells exposed to airway fluid from intubated children to discover gene networks differentiating severe from mild PARDS. We found that innate immunity pathways, type I (α and β), and type II (γ) interferon response and cytokine/chemokine signaling are downregulated in CD4+ T cells exposed to airway fluid from intubated children with severe PARDS compared with those with mild PARDS. CONCLUSIONS: We identified gene networks important to the PARDS airway immune response using bulk RNA sequencing from a novel CD4+ T-cell reporter assay that exposed CD4+ T cells to airway fluid from intubated children with severe and mild PARDS. These pathways will help drive mechanistic investigations into PARDS. Validation of our findings using this transcriptomic reporter assay strategy is needed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundIntestinal microbiota contribute to the pathophysiology of acute gastrointestinal (GI) Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGvHD) and loss of microbiome diversity influences the outcome of patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Systemic broad-spectrum antibiotics have been identified as a major cause of early microbiota dysbiosis.MethodsIn 2017 our transplant unit at the university hospital in Regensburg changed the antibiotic strategy from a permissive way with initiation of antibiotics in all patients with neutropenic fever independent of the underlying cause and risk to a restrictive use in cases with high likelihood of cytokine release syndrome e.g., after Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy. We analyzed clinical data and microbiome parameters obtained 7 days after allogeneic SCT from 188 patients with ATG therapy transplanted in 2015/2016 (permissive cohort, n=101) and 2918/2019 (restrictive cohort, n=87).ResultsRestrictive antibiotic treatment postponed the beginning of antibiotic administration from 1.4 ± 7.6 days prior to 1.7 ± 5.5 days after SCT (p=0.01) and significantly reduced the duration of antibiotic administration by 5.8 days (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) requires distinguishing it from acute COVID-19 and may impact clinical management.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we applied the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition to identify adults hospitalized with MIS-A at six academic medical centers during March 1, 2020–December 31, 2021. MIS-A patients were matched on age group, sex, site, and admission date at a 1:2 ratio to patients hospitalized with acute symptomatic COVID-19. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare demographics, presenting symptoms, laboratory and imaging results, treatments administered, and outcomes between cohorts.ResultsThrough medical record review of 10,223 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2-associated illness, we identified 53 MIS-A cases. Compared with 106 matched COVID-19 patients, MIS-A patients were more likely to be non-Hispanic Black and less likely to be non-Hispanic White. MIS-A patients more likely had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 ≥ 14 days prior to hospitalization, more likely had positive in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing, and more often presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and chest pain. They were less likely to have underlying medical conditions and to present with cough and dyspnea. On admission, MIS-A patients had higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin and D-dimer, compared with COVID-19 patients. MIS-A patients had longer hospitalization and more likely required intensive care admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and vasopressors. Mortality was 6% in both cohorts.ConclusionsCompared with patients with acute symptomatic COVID-19, adults with MIS-A more often manifest certain symptoms and laboratory findings early during hospitalization. These features may facilitate diagnosis and management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
Atia Sharmin Bonna, Shahed Rafi Pavel, Tajnuva Mehjabin, Mohammad Ali
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through an infected mosquito bite. This vector-born disease is common in tropical and subtropical regions, mainly in urban and semi-urban locations. The leading carriers of the disease are Aedes aegypti mosquitoes; however, the Aedes albopictus mosquitoes can carry the germ of dengue [1]. Dengue virus (DENV) in Bangladesh was found in 1964; however, the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever occurred in 2000. Four sub-types of DENV are available in Bangladesh [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTaweegrit Siripongboonsitti, Teerapat Ungtrakul, Kriangkrai Tawinprai, Tararin Nimmol, Mullika Buttakosa, Gaidganok Sornsamdang, Tanadul Jarrusrojwuttikul, Phumin Silapant, Nithi Mahanonda
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented mortality and morbidity. The hope for preventing severe disease and death in high-risk, non-hospitalized patients through increasing evidence of effective oral antiviral agents such as nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir reduces progression to severe disease, hospitalization, or death [1-3]. Favipiravir (FPV), an RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase inhibitor, was used for outpatient COVID-19 treatment in Thai, following Thai COVID-19 treatment guidelines during the peak of the Alpha and Delta variant outbreak [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSonya A. Widen, Israel Campo Bes, Alevtina Koreshova, Pinelopi Pliota, Daniel Krogull, Alejandro Burga
Science, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
Srinivasa P. S. Rao, Matthew K. Gould, Jonas Noeske, Manuel Saldivia, Rajiv S. Jumani, Pearly S. Ng, Olivier René, Yen-Liang Chen, Marcel Kaiser, Ryan Ritchie, Amanda Fortes Francisco, Nila Johnson, Debjani Patra, Harry Cheung, Colin Deniston, Andreas D. Schenk, Wilian A. Cortopassi, Remo S. Schmidt, Natalie Wiedemar, Bryanna Thomas, Rima Palkar, Nahdiyah A. Ghafar, Vanessa Manoharan, Catherine Luu, Jonathan E. Gable, Kah Fei Wan, Elmarie Myburgh, Jeremy C. Mottram, Whitney Barnes, John Walker, Charles Wartchow, Natasha Aziz, Colin Osborne, Juergen Wagner, Christopher Sarko, John M. Kelly, Ujjini H. Manjunatha, Pascal Mäser, Jan Jiricek, Suresh B. Lakshminarayana, Michael P. Barrett, Thierry T. Diagana
Science, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
Ruslan Aphasizhev and Inna Aphasizheva
Science, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
Karen O’Leary
Nature, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
Emily Dunay, Joshua Rukundo, Rebeca Atencia, Megan F. Cole, Averill Cantwell, Melissa Emery Thompson, Alexandra G. Rosati, Tony L. Goldberg
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
by Emily Dunay, Joshua Rukundo, Rebeca Atencia, Megan F. Cole, Averill Cantwell, Melissa Emery Thompson, Alexandra G. Rosati, Tony L. Goldberg Pathogen surveillance for great ape health monitoring has typically been performed on non-invasive samples, primarily feces, in wild apes and blood in sanctuary-housed apes. However, many important primate pathogens, including known zoonoses, are shed in saliva and transmitted via oral fluids. Using metagenomic methods, we identified viruses in saliva samples from 46 wild-born, sanctuary-housed chimpanzees at two African sanctuaries in Republic of Congo and Uganda. In total, we identified 20 viruses. All but one, an unclassified CRESS DNA virus, are classified in five families: Circoviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Retroviridae. Overall, viral prevalence ranged from 4.2% to 87.5%. Many of these viruses are ubiquitous in primates and known to replicate in the oral cavity (simian foamy viruses, Retroviridae; a cytomegalovirus and lymphocryptovirus; Herpesviridae; and alpha and gamma papillomaviruses, Papillomaviridae). None of the viruses identified have been shown to cause disease in chimpanzees or, to our knowledge, in humans. These data suggest that the risk of zoonotic viral disease from chimpanzee oral fluids in sanctuaries may be lower than commonly assumed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLinjun Liu, Wenjia Ren, Licheng Du, Ke Xu, Yubai Zhou
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
by Linjun Liu, Wenjia Ren, Licheng Du, Ke Xu, Yubai Zhou Background Studying the mechanism of action of LncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is of great importance for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of lung adeno carcinogenesis and development. Objective The aim is to identify a long non-coding RNA LINC01117 that is specifically and highly expressed in LUAD cells and to investigate its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in LUAD cells, providing a new potential target for targeting LUAD therapy. Methods This study used publicly available data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Construction of siRNA and overexpression plasmid-packed lentiviral constructs were used to knock down and increase the expression of LINC01117 in LUAD cells. The effect of LINC01117 on LUAD cell migration and invasion was verified by scratch assays and Transwell assays. Western blot assays were performed to verify the effect of knocking down LINC01117 expression on key proteins of the EMT process. The effect of overexpression and knockdown LINC01117 expression on key proteins of the EMT process and the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of YAP1, a key effector molecule of the Hippo pathway, was verified by Western blot assays. Results LINC01117 expression was upregulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines. Clinical correlation and prognostic analyses showed that LINC01117 was associated with poorer clinical features (staging and N classification) and poorer prognosis and could be analyzed as an independent prognostic factor. Cell migration and invasion were significantly inhibited in the knockdown group compared to the control group; in contrast, cell migration and invasion were promoted in the overexpression group. Overexpression of LINC01117 resulted in down-regulation of E-cadherin expression and increased expression levels of N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, snail and slug; in contrast, knockdown of LINC01117 appeared to have the opposite effect. Furthermore, knockdown of LINC01117 increased the enrichment of YAP1 protein in the cytoplasm and reduced its level in the nucleus; overexpression of LINC01117 produced the opposite intracellular distribution results. Conclusions LINC01117 was highly expressed in LUAD, and knockdown of LINC01117 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of LUAD cells, while overexpression of LINC01117 significantly promoted the migration and invasion of LUAD cells, and affected the EMT process, and was able to alter the distribution of YAP1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. This suggests that LINC01117 may regulate the activity of the Hippo pathway by altering the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of YAP1, which in turn induces the EMT process in lung adenocarcinoma cells and thus exerts a pro-cancer effect. It suggests that LINC01117 may play a key role in the occurrence and development of LUAD.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDey F. Tarusikirwa, Barbara Blacklaws, Caroline L. Trotter
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
by Dey F. Tarusikirwa, Barbara Blacklaws, Caroline L. Trotter Brucella spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Chlamydia abortus have long been recognized as zoonoses and significant causes of reproductive failure in small ruminants globally. A cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2020 to determine the seroprevalences of Brucella spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia abortus in 398 small ruminants from four districts of Zimbabwe (Chivi, Makoni, Zvimba, and Goromonzi) using Indirect-ELISAs. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 103 smallholder farmers towards small ruminant abortions, Brucella spp., T. gondii and C. abortus, and to obtain a general overview of the significance of small ruminant reproductive failure(s) on their livelihoods. The overall seroprevalences were: 9.1% (95% CI: 6.4–12.3) for Brucella spp., 6.8% (95% CI: 4.5–9.7) for T. gondii and 2.0% (95% CI: 0.9–3.9) for C. abortus. Location, age, parity, and abortion history were associated with Brucella spp. seropositivity. Location was also associated with both T. gondii and C. abortus seropositivity. The questionnaire survey established that 44% of respondents had recently faced reproductive disease challenges within their flocks, with 34% correctly identifying abortion causes and only 10%, 6% and 4% having specific knowledge of Brucella spp., C. abortus and T. gondii, respectively. This study provides the first serological evidence of Brucella spp. in small ruminants since 1996 and builds the evidence on small ruminant toxoplasmosis and chlamydiosis in Zimbabwe. Evidence of these zoonoses in small ruminants and the paucity of knowledge shows the need for a coordinated One Health approach to increase public awareness of these diseases, and to establish effective surveillance and control measures. Further studies are required to establish the role these diseases play in small ruminant reproductive failure(s), to identify the Brucella spp. detected here to species/subspecies level, and to assess the socio-economic impact of reproductive failure in livestock among marginalised rural communities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFan Dong, Ivana Kern, Jens Weidner, Kathleen Kügler, Ulrike Rothe, Makan Amin, Martin W. Laaß, Gunter Flemming, Ulf Winkler, Thomas Richter, Joachim Kugler, Ulf Manuwald
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
by Fan Dong, Ivana Kern, Jens Weidner, Kathleen Kügler, Ulrike Rothe, Makan Amin, Martin W. Laaß, Gunter Flemming, Ulf Winkler, Thomas Richter, Joachim Kugler, Ulf Manuwald Objective In Saxony, the incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) in children and adolescents increased significantly from 3.3 per 100,000 person-years in 2000 to 5.1 in 2014. The aim of this study was to describe the initial characteristics and the clinical course of CD in children and adolescents and to identify drug treatment options associated with an advantage for a mild course or remission. Methods Clinical data were collected from patients who suffered from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and were recruited in the Saxon Pediatric IBD-Registry. All children newly diagnosed with CD in this registry in Saxony between 2000 and 2014 were included in this registry study. Characteristics such as age, disease location and extra-intestinal manifestations at diagnosis were accessed. The severity level of the disease at diagnosis as well as at follow-up were analysed by PCDAI index. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to length of follow-up: 1–3 years, 4–6 years and 7–9 years after diagnosis. A logistic regression model was conducted to examine which baseline parameters are associated with disease progression. Results There were 338 children and adolescents with CD included in this registry study. At diagnosis, the median age of patients was 12.0 (0.7–14.9), 61.5% (n = 208) of the patients were male. The most common disease location observed in pediatric CD patients was the L3 (55%, n = 176). Patients aged 10–14 years were significantly more likely to present an L2 than patients aged 0–4 years (80.3%, n = 53 vs. 19.7%, n = 13, p = 0.01). During the follow-up, data from 71.3% (n = 241) othe patients were available. Disease activity measured by PCDAI decreased in 47.7% (n = 115) of the patients, 40.7% (n = 98) of the patients were stable and increased in 11.6% (n = 28) of the patients. Patients with intermediate/severe disease at onset were more likely to have an active disease at the end of follow up, too (p = 0.00). Logistic regression analysis of the initial characteristics showed that the age at diagnosis, gender, initial location and initial extra-intestinal manifestation are not associated with the progression of the disease (p>0.05). Furthermore, drug treatment options could be identified from our data, which are associated with benefits for a milder course or remission. Conclusion From 2000 to 2014, the health status of most pediatric patients with CD had improved or remained stable. Initial characteristics including age at diagnosis, initial localization and initial extra-intestinal manifestation are not associated with the progression of the disease, only the initial activity by PCDAI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYokomi N. Lozano-Sardaneta, Jesús A. Díaz-Cruz, Vicente Viveros-Santos, Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal, Herón Huerta, Carlos F. Marina, Pedro C. Mis-Ávila, Maribel Martínez-Burgos, Jorge A. Torres-Monzón, Víctor Sánchez-Cordero, Ingeborg Becker
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
by Yokomi N. Lozano-Sardaneta, Jesús A. Díaz-Cruz, Vicente Viveros-Santos, Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal, Herón Huerta, Carlos F. Marina, Pedro C. Mis-Ávila, Maribel Martínez-Burgos, Jorge A. Torres-Monzón, Víctor Sánchez-Cordero, Ingeborg Becker Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) have biological relevance as vectors of several pathogens. To ensure periodic entomological monitoring it is necessary to have efficient and accurate tools for an adequate taxonomic identification. There are only few studies on phylogenetic analyses of phlebotomine sand flies from Neotropics, based mostly on morphological and/or molecular data, which makes the delimitation of intra- and interspecific variability of species challenging. Here we generated new molecular information on sand fly species distributed in endemic areas of leishmaniasis in Mexico, using mitochondrial and ribosomal genes, and incorporating morphological information available. Specifically, we established their phylogenetic relationships, and estimated their divergence time. Our study provides molecular information for 15 phlebotomine sand fly species from different areas of Mexico, contributing to the genetic inventory and phylogenetic relations among Neotropical species of the subfamily Phlebotominae. Mitochondrial genes proved to be suitable markers for the molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies. However, the incorporation of additional nuclear gene information could increase the significance of phylogenetic inferences. We also provided evidence about a possible divergence time of phlebotomine sand fly species, supporting their presumable origin in the Cretaceous period.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTatiana Galpérine, Ilka Engelmann, Sebastien Hantz, Déborah Postil, Anny Dewilde, Dominique Deplanque, Renaud Martin, Julien Labreuche, Mouna Lazrek, Stéphanie Somers, Elodie Ribot, Sophie Alain
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
by Tatiana Galpérine, Ilka Engelmann, Sebastien Hantz, Déborah Postil, Anny Dewilde, Dominique Deplanque, Renaud Martin, Julien Labreuche, Mouna Lazrek, Stéphanie Somers, Elodie Ribot, Sophie Alain Background Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has become the preferred treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infections (CDI). However, donor screening is a complex process that varies between countries. The primary objective of screening is to prevent the transfer of potential pathogens from the donor to the recipient via feces. Many guidelines recommend Cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing as part of donor screening, but is the risk of CMV transmission well supported by evidence? Materials/methods A French prospective cross-sectional multicenter single-arm study estimated the frequency of detection of CMV in the stool of voluntary healthy donors selected for FMT. All preselected donors were tested for CMV antibodies in blood, and if positive, CMV DNA PCR was performed on whole blood and stool. For samples CMV positive in stool PCR, or case of serological markers positive for IgM, we planned isolation of CMV in cell culture. Results From June 1, 2016, to July 31, 2017, 500 healthy donors (250 per center) were recruited and 483 included. Of these, 301 were CMV seronegative, and 182 tested positive for CMV IgM and/or IgG. Stool CMV PCR was performed in 162 donors. In two cases, the initial analysis was positive, but below the limit of quantification. Repeated PCR tests using Siemens and Altostar assays were negative. No infectious CMV could be detected in cell culture of these two samples and in the stool of 6 CMV IgM-positive donors. Conclusions Our study shows that healthy volunteers with positive CMV serology do not shed CMV DNA in their stool, as detected by PCR or cell culture. This study provides another argument to remove CMV screening for FMT donors.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHee Jung Son, Myongwhan Kim, Dong Hong Kim, Chang-Nam Kang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2023
Tilføjet 30.06.2023
by Hee Jung Son, Myongwhan Kim, Dong Hong Kim, Chang-Nam Kang The incidence of infectious spondylodiscitis (IS) has increased in recent years due to an increase in the numbers of older patients with chronic diseases, as well as patients with immunocompromise, steroid use, drug abuse, invasive spinal procedures, and spinal surgeries. However, research focusing on IS in the general population is lacking. This study investigated the incidence and treatment trends of IS in South Korea using data obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. A total of 169,244 patients (mean age: 58.0 years) diagnosed from 2010 to 2019 were included in the study. A total of 10,991 cases were reported in 2010 and 18,533 cases in 2019. Hence, there was a 1.5-fold increase in incidence rate per 100,000 people from 22.90 in 2010 to 35.79 in 2019 (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of pyogenic spondylodiscitis per 100,000 people increased from 15.35 in 2010 to 33.75 in 2019, and that of tuberculous spondylodiscitis decreased from 7.55 in 2010 to 2.04 in 2019 (P < 0.05, respectively). Elderly individuals ≥ 60 years of age accounted for 47.6% (80,578 patients) of all cases of IS. The proportion of patients who received conservative treatment increased from 82.4% in 2010 to 85.8% in 2019, while that of patients receiving surgical treatment decreased from 17.6% to 14.2% (P < 0.05, respectively). Among surgical treatments, the proportions of corpectomy and anterior fusion declined, while proportion of incision and drainage increased (P < 0.05, respectively). The total healthcare costs increased 2.9-fold from $29,821,391.65 in 2010 to $86,815,775.81 in 2019 with a significant increase in the ratio to gross domestic product. Hence, this population-based cohort study demonstrated that the incidence rate of IS has increased in South Korea. The conservative treatment has increased, while the surgical treatment has decreased. The socioeconomic burden of IS has increased rapidly.
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