In the United Kingdom, pertussis guidance recommends prophylaxis for household contacts within 21 days of case symptom onset if the household includes a vulnerable contact. The aim of our study was to identify characteristics associated with cases reported late for public health action. We reviewed the epidemiology of cases reported in London and South East England for the period 2010 to 2015. We characterised risk factors associated with late reporting of cases and described public health actions taken on timely reported cases. From 2010 to 2015, 9,163 cases of pertussis were reported to health protection teams. Only 11% of cases were reported within 21 days of onset, limiting opportunities for secondary prevention. Timely reporting was associated with younger age groups, pregnancy, being a healthcare worker and being reported by schools or hospital clinicians. Late reporting was associated with older age groups and general practitioner or laboratory reporting. Delays, such as those due to insidious onset and late presentation to healthcare, may be unavoidable; however, delay in reporting once a patient presents can be reduced since cases can be reported before laboratory confirmation. Thus we recommend working with clinicians and laboratories to determine causes and improve early reporting to public health.

From 1 January to 7 July 2017, the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of Health (MoH) Sri Lanka reported 80 732 dengue fever cases, including 215 deaths. This is a 4.3 fold higher than the average number of cases for the same period between 2010 and 2016, and the monthly number of cases exceeds the mean plus three standard deviations for each of the past six months. Based on sentinel site surveillance for the past seven years the expected peak months of May to July coincides with the south-western monsoon which commences in late April.

Sundhedsmyndighederne i Sri Lanka rapporterer om et udbrud af denguefeber. Denguefeber forebygges ved at undgå at blive stukket af myg. Dette gør man ved at anvende tøj, der dækker hele kroppen, og ved regelmæssig anvendelse af myggeafvisende midler. Man kan også nedsætte risikoen for myggestik ved at sprøjte boligen indendørs med et insektmiddel og ved at anvende myggenet. Der er ingen ændringer i rejseanbefalinger til Sri Lanka.

On 19 June 2017, the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (NHFPC) notified WHO of five additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China. On 24 June 2017, the NHFPC notified WHO of 10 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China. On 30 June 2017, the NHFPC notified WHO of six additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China.

Hypoderma tarandi causes myiasis in reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus spp.) in most northern hemisphere regions where these animals live. We report a series of 39 human myiasis cases caused by H. tarandi in Norway from 2011 to 2016. Thirty-two were residents of Finnmark, the northernmost county of Norway, one a visitor to Finnmark, and six lived in other counties of Norway where reindeer live. Clinical manifestations involved migratory dermal swellings of the face and head, enlargement of regional lymph nodes, and periorbital oedema, with or without eosinophilia. Most cases of human myiasis are seen in tropical and subtropical countries, and in tourists returning from such areas. Our findings demonstrate that myiasis caused by H. tarandi is more common than previously thought. Healthcare professionals in regions where there is a likelihood of human infestation with H. tarandi (regions populated by reindeer), or treating returning travellers, should be aware of the condition. All clinicians are advised to obtain a detailed travel history when assessing patients with migratory dermal swellings. On clinical suspicion, ivermectin should be given to prevent larval invasion of the eye (ophthalmomyiasis). Since H. tarandi oviposits on hair, we suggest wearing a hat as a prevention measure.

Udbredelsen af nyere diagnostiske hurtigmetoder, der rettidigt påviser, om en patient med feber har malaria, fører til lavere forbrug af malariamedicin. Til gengæld er forbruget af antibiotika steget, viser nye studier af behandling af patienter med akut feber i seks lande i Afrika og Asien med høj forekomst af malaria.

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Between December 2016 and June 2017, 19 Hepatitis A virus (HAV)-positive cases, 17 of which were among men who have sex with men (MSM) were identified in the Tel Aviv area. Seven of the 15 sewage samples collected between January and June 2017 were also HAV-positive. All sequences clustered with two of the three strains identified in the current European HAV outbreak. We demonstrate that despite an efficient vaccination programme, HAV can still be transmitted to an unvaccinated high-risk population.

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Poisoning -- ChinaProduct: Porcini mushroomsPlace of origin: ChinaNet weight: 150 grams per packBest-before date: 30 Mar 2018A CFS spokesman said, "Following up on a food poisoning case in relation to the consumption of porcini mushrooms as notified by the Centre for Health Protection of the Department of Health, the CFS conducted an investigation at a department store in Yau Ma Tei. According to the information provided by the department store concerned, the sale of the product has ceased since the …

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African Swine Fever -- RussiaInformation received on [and dated] 14 Jul 2017 from Dr Evgeny Nepoklonov, vice-minister, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Moscow, RussiaSummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 6 Jul 2017Date of confirmation of the event: 12 Jul 2017Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed diseaseManifestation of disease: clinical diseaseCausal agent: African swine fever virusNature of diagnosis: laboratory (basic and advanced)This …

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African Swine Fever -- UkraineInformation received on 18 Jul 2017 from Dr Andrii Zhuk, first deputy head of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Production, International Cooperation of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection, UKR Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food, KIEV, UkraineSummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 15 Jul 2017Date of confirmation of the event: 16 Jul 2017Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed …

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African Swine Fever -- Czech RepublicThe police are to investigate the cause of an outbreak of African swine fever in the Zlin region, the 1st ever recorded in the Czech Republic, Czech Television reported on [Tue 18 Jul 2017].The local branch of the State Veterinary Administration has filed a criminal complaint against an unknown perpetrator over the spreading of the disease. On [Mon 17 Jul 2017] the minister of agriculture, Marian Jurecka, said it was likely there had been human involvement in the outbreak. More than 50 …

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Avian Influenza H7N9 -- ChinaOn [Mon 19 Jun 2017], the NHFPC reported 5 laboratory-confirmed human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China. Onset dates ranged from 25 Apr 2017 to 6 Jun 2017. Of these 5 cases, one was female. The median age was 55 years (range 41 to 68 years). The case patients were reported from Beijing (1), Guangxi (1), Guizhou (1), Hunan (1), and Zhejiang (1). At the time of notification, there was one death. Four cases were diagnosed as having severe pneumonia. Three cases were …

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BSE -- United StatesInformation received on 19 Jul 2017 from Dr John Clifford, Official Delegate, Chief Trade Advisor, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSummaryReport type: immediate notification (final report)Date of start of the event: 5 Jul 2017Date of confirmation of the event: 16 Jul 2017Date of event resolved: 18 Jul 2017Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: 30 …

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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- SpainNegredo A, de la Calle-Prieto F, Palencia-Herrejon E, et al. Autochthonous Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Spain. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377(2): 154-61. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615162; available at .][Byline: Veronica Hackethal]--Communicated by:ProMED-mail Rapporteur Kunihiko Iizuka[The data in the study above highlight the geographic spread of CCHF in European countries, including Spain, and warrants vector as well as animal surveillance to understand the evolutionary dynamics. - …

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Ebola -- Worldwide/UnknownAugust 2017: Occupational Exposures to Ebola Virus in Ebola Treatment Center, Conakry, Guinea[Citation. Savini H, Janvier L, Karkowski L, et al. (Aug 2017) Occupational Exposures to Ebola Virus in Ebola Treatment Center, Conakry, Guinea. Emerg Infect Dis 23(8) DOI: 10.3201/eid2308.161804Abstract: We report 77 cases of occupational exposures for 57 healthcare workers at the Ebola Treatment Center in Conakry, Guinea, during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in 2014-2015. Despite the …

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Equine Infectious Anemia -- SpainInformation received on 18 Jul 2017 from Dr Valentin Almansa, Director General, Sanidad de la Produccion Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentacion y Medio Ambiente, Madrid, SpainSummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 13 Jul 2017Date of confirmation of the event: 18 Jul 2017Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: 1983Manifestation of disease: Sub-clinical infectionCausal agent: equine infectious …

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Equine Influenza -- IsraelInformation received on [and dated] 17 Jul 2017 from Dr Nadav Galon, Director, Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, BET DAGAN, IsraelSummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 8 Jun 2017Date of confirmation of the event: 15 Jul 2017Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: Nov 2013Manifestation of disease: clinical diseaseCausal agent: Equine influenza …

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Other Animal Disease -- New ZealandA total of 4 cases of ergot toxicity were initially reported in Southland and South Otago which had affected a large number of cows, according to VetSouth Winton veterinarian Hayden Dore.The vet said the dry summer and wet autumn conditions contributed to the appearance of the fungus in the region; with many of the cases he had seen affecting the hind limbs of cows. "Over time it effectively causes one or more of the limbs to become gangrenous," Mr. Dore said. "Signs of ergot toxicity …

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Foot and Mouth -- NamibiaInformation received on [and dated] 17 Jul 2017 from Dr Adrianatus Florentius Maseke, Chief Veterinary Officer, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Windhoek, NamibiaSummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 12 Jul 2017Date of confirmation of the event: 14 Jul 2017Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: 25 Jan 2016Manifestation of disease: clinical diseaseCausal agent: Foot …

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Foot and Mouth -- ColombiaA total of 2 new outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease which tends to complicate the infection panorama in the country, were detected in Colombia, according to an information spread here today [Wed 19 Jul 2017] by the Agriculture Ministry. One of these points was detected in the San Faustino city council in Cucuta, north of Santander, where a checkpoint of the entity found animals with vesicular diseases, which were transported in a truck for sale.The 2nd case was located in Tibacuy, in the …

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Hantavirus -- United StatesA man was hospitalized with hantavirus, a rare and potentially fatal rodent-borne respiratory disease he may have contracted after staying in cabins at California parks, his family said.The man, 22, began having symptoms of the disease during the 4th of July weekend, his family told Fox 40. The family wrote on a crowdfunding page that they were camping at Lee Vining when he began having consistent headaches over 5 days. One day, he woke up with a 104 F [40 C] fever."My mom and I …

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Nipah/Hendra Virus -- AustraliaThe confirmed case of the Hendra virus in Lismore has caused concern for local vets who now must make tough decisions when deciding how to treat sick horses.The virus, which was discovered in 1994, spreads from bats to horses most commonly through feed, pasture or water that has been contaminated by flying fox urine and faeces.Clarence Valley Mobile Vet Louisa Poutsma said she had concerns about the virus, including that it could be transferred to humans, and urged all owners to have …

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Influenza -- United StatesSince October 2010, the USDA, in cooperation with State and industry partners, has conducted voluntary surveillance for influenza A virus in swine (IAV-S) in the US. The program tests samples collected from diagnostic submissions to veterinary diagnostic laboratories. This surveillance is not conducted to define prevalence -- the goal is to identify viruses that may be circulating in swine, and gain knowledge to contribute to improved animal health diagnostics and vaccines.The IAV-S …

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Influenza H3N2 -- United StatesA case of H3N2 swine influenza has been lab confirmed in one hog at the Clinton County Fair. There are no human cases at this time.The Clinton County Fair Board is working with the Ohio Department of Agriculture and the Clinton County Agricultural Society, along with local and state health officials, to stop further spread of this virus in the animal population. By Friday morning [14 Jul 2017], all swine will have been removed from the Clinton County Fairgrounds.Swine flu, like any flu …

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Japanese Encephalitis -- ChinaA 2nd Japanese encephalitis (JE) case has been confirmed in Chiayi County, bringing to 14 the total number of such cases in Taiwan this year [2017], health officials of the southern Taiwan county said [Sun 16 Jul 2017].The patient was a 57-year-old man and resident of Shuishang Township [Chiayi County], who developed a fever and a stiff neck and temporarily lost consciousness on [7 Jul 2017] and sought emergency treatment at a hospital. He was confirmed to have been infected with Japanese …

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Other Animal Disease -- RwandaScientists from the University of California, Davis have detected a herpes virus in wild mountain gorillas that is very similar to the Epstein-Barr virus in humans, according to a study published today [13 Jul 2017] in the journal Scientific Reports [].Epstein Barr virus, or EBV, infects more than 90 percent of the human population, typically without major health consequences or symptoms. It can be challenging, however, for people with HIV/AIDS and suppressed immune systems, leading to …

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Monkeypox -- Central African RepublicThe frequency of monkeypox epidemics in the Central Africa Republic [CAR] in recent years proves that this virus is endemic in some regions of the country, such as the southwest (Lobaye prefecture) and the southeast in Mbomou. However, the reservoir of the virus is poorly known even though several authors report squirrels and some rodents as probable reservoirs.From 2010 to the present, the Central African Republic has recorded 7 monkeypox epidemics in these 2 prefectures, and, although it …

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Other Human Disease -- Worldwide/UnknownHuman travelers are much more likely than stowaway mosquitoes to import illnesses like Zika, yellow fever, malaria, and dengue to a new part of the world via airplane, researchers say.Based on calculations of how many mosquitoes get onto commercial aircraft, how many are infected, and how many survive long enough at the destination to bite someone, the study estimates human travelers are 200 times more likely to spread dengue virus and 1000 times more likely to introduce _Plasmodium …

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Diarrhea -- CanadaHog producers, barn managers, employees and veterinarians in southeastern Manitoba have now been battling porcine epidemic diarrhea virus for more than 2 months.There were signs in early July 2017 that the epidemic was peaking, at around 50 confirmed cases, but a new case was discovered on 12 Jul 2017. However, industry leaders remain hopeful that the epidemic is levelling off."At least the number of cases has slowed down, which is a good sign," said Andrew Dickson, general manager of …

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Q Fever -- AustraliaDozens of council workers at the historic Geelong Saleyards have tested positive to the disease Q fever, prompting the Australian Services Union to demand a "please explain".The City of Greater Geelong has revealed 25 Geelong Saleyards workers had shown positive results for the presence of Q fever antibodies, out of 42 tested for the condition.Despite the positive tests, the council was not aware of any workers receiving an official diagnosis to date. The zoonotic disease is …

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Q Fever -- Israel…

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Hemorrhagic Fever -- United KingdomThe 1st confirmed case of a new deadly rabbit virus has been found in a 4-month-old rabbit in Bedford. The disease is rabbit haemorrhagic disease variant 2 (RVHD-2), and it is fatal in approximately 25 percent of rabbits that catch it.Rabbits may die suddenly without any symptoms. Until now, there had been no confirmed cases in the area, but this month [July 2017], a young rabbit that died unexpectedly at home was tested for the new virus and has become the 1st confirmed case of RVHD-2 in …

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Salmonella -- United StatesThe CDC reported [Wed 19 Jun 2017], 24 people in 16 states were infected with a strain of salmonella from March through June 2017 in an outbreak linked to microbiology laboratories. 6 people were hospitalized, but no deaths have been reported.The CDC released an investigation notice about the outbreak of the _Salmonella [enterica_ serotype] Typhimurium strain, which was also linked to infections in microbiology labs in 2011 and 2014. The infections occurred in clinical, commercial, …

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West Nile Virus -- United StatesVeterinarians at the Animal Medical Center in Gillette, Wyoming received laboratory confirmation this week [week of 16-22 Jul 2017] that a horse under their treatment tested positive for the West Nile Virus. According to Dr Marshall Kohr the horse presented wobbly and unsteady on his feet. Even though about 33 percent of the horses who exhibit signs of West Nile virus will succumb to the disease, Dr Kohr reports that "this horse is improving and expected to make a full recovery."West …

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Yellow Fever -- Worldwide/UnknownFrom epidemiological week (EW) 1 to EW 26 of 2017, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, the Plurinational State of Bolivia, and Suriname have reported suspected and confirmed yellow fever cases.The following is an update on the situation in Brazil, the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. No changes in the number of reported cases have been reported in the other countries.In Brazil, since the beginning of the outbreak in December 2016 up to 31 May 2017, there were 3240 …

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Yellow Fever -- BoliviaThe Departmental Health Services (SEDES) of La Paz intensified surveillance and strengthened actions against yellow fever in the department due to 2 confirmed cases in Norte de los Yungas.During the current period, 4 yellow fever cases are registered, of which the deaths of 2 were reported -- a 9-year-old girl and a 38-year-old man.--Communicated by:ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts[These 4 yellow fever (YF) cases were doubtless due to spill over of the sylvan (forest) cycle of …

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Japanese Encephalitis -- IndiaState Health Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma today [16 Jul 2017] reported that 131 Japanese encephalitis [JE] acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) related deaths have been reported in the state this year [2017] till Saturday [15 Jul 2017]."Till yesterday [14 Jul 2017], 305 positive cases of JE have been reported, of which 44 have died. Similarly, 1111 AES cases have been reported, of which 87 have died," he said.Last year [2016], of the 1713 AES cases, 187 people had died, and of the 427 JE …

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Botulism -- CanadaDuring 1985-2005, a total of 91 laboratory-confirmed outbreaks of foodborne botulism occurred in Canada; these outbreaks involved 205 cases and 11 deaths. Of the outbreaks, 75 (86.2 percent) were caused by _Clostridium botulinum_ type E, followed by types A (7, (8.1 percent)) and B (5, (5.7 percent)). Approximately 85 percent of the outbreaks occurred in Alaska Native communities, particularly the Inuit of Nunavik in northern Quebec and the First Nations population of the Pacific coast of …

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Botulism -- United StatesThe New Mexico Department of Health is investigating a confirmed case of wound botulism in a 48-year-old man from Dona Ana County. The patient is an injection drug user and the suspected source of infection is either a soiled skin injection site, contaminated injection devices or contaminated heroin. The man is currently hospitalized.In 2016, NMDOH identified 3 confirmed and one probable wound botulism cases among people who inject drugs.Botulism is a rare, but potentially deadly …

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Norovirus -- United StatesChipotle has shut down a restaurant in Sterling, VA, after multiple reports of customers getting sick after eating there. Customers reported symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, severe stomach pain, dehydration and nausea to the website , which 1st alerted Business Insider to the issues at the Sterling restaurant. One person reported 2 hospitalizations as a result of the illnesses.In total, 8 reports were made to the website, indicating that at least 13 customers fell sick after eating …

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Gonorrhea -- AustraliaA critically drug-resistant strain of [the bacterium that causes] gonorrhoea dubbed a "super-superbug" has been detected in every Australian state and territory by a new national surveillance system.The National Alert System for Critical Antimicrobial Resistance (CARAlert) identified 1064 bacteria highly resistant to last-line antibiotics between 17 Mar 2016 and 31 Mar 2017 across 73 laboratories. "These are super-superbugs," said Professor John Turnidge, senior medical advisor at the …

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Influenza -- ChinaThe National Institute of Virology, [NIV] Pune, ruled out mutation theory and some experts believe that the jump in numbers could be attributed to 2 factors: antigenic drift and the spread of a different strain (sub-type of virus) of H1N1 virus.According to the US Centres of Disease Control, "antigenic drift are small changes in the genes of influenza viruses that happen continually over time as the virus replicates. These small genetic changes usually produce viruses that are closely …

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Measles -- United StatesOn [10 Apr 2017], the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) was notified about a suspected measles case. The patient was a hospitalized child aged 25 months who was evaluated for fever and rash, with onset on [8 Apr 2017]. The child had no history of receipt of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and no travel history or known exposure to measles. On [11 Apr 2017], MDH received a report of a 2nd hospitalized, unvaccinated child, aged 34 months, with an acute febrile rash illness with onset on …

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Measles -- Bangladesh1. Cabrol JC. War, Drought, Malnutrition, Measles -- A Report from Somalia. N Engl J Med. 2011 Nov 17;365(20):1856-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1111238. Available at:2. Belamarich PR. Measles and Malnutrition. Pediatr Rev. 1998 Feb;19(2):70-1 (not open access).A map of Bangladesh can be found at The HealthMap/ProMED map of the Chittagong Division, Bangladesh can be found at: . - Mod.LK][See Also:Undiagnosed illness - Bangladesh: (CG) fatal, children, RFI …

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Meningitis - Neisseria -- Worldwide/UnknownMcNamara LA, Topaz N, Wang X, Hariri S, Fox L, MacNeil JR"Use of eculizumab (Soliris, Alexion Pharmaceuticals), a terminal complement inhibitor, is associated with a 1000-fold to 2000-fold increased incidence of meningococcal disease (1). Administration of meningococcal vaccines is recommended for patients receiving eculizumab before beginning treatment (2,3). Sixteen cases of meningococcal disease were identified in eculizumab recipients in the United States during 2008-2016; among these, …

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Whooping Cough -- United StatesPertussis has been on the rise in the United States, and, in 2012, the United States had the highest number of reported pertussis (whooping cough) cases since 1955. This study provides evidence of spatial clustering of nonmedical vaccine exemptions in kindergarteners and spatial clustering of pertussis cases in children age groups 5 years and younger and 10 to 14 years at the community level. The results suggest that states should reconsider allowing nonmedical vaccine exemptions. The data …

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Polio -- AfghanistanOfficials said on Friday [14 Jul 2017] that a new polio case has been detected in a toddler in Southern Afghanistan where the Taliban banned vaccination campaigns."The virus has been detected in an 18-month-old baby girl in Shah Walikot district of Kandahar province,' said Dr Hedayatullah Stanekzai from the national anti-polio initiative in the Health Ministry in Kabul.He told DPA that this was the 2nd polio case in Kandahar this year [2017] and that it was detected in an area under …

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Polio -- SyriaNew wild poliovirus cases reported this week: 1Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2017: 8Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2016: 37New cVDPV cases reported this week: 4Total number of cVDPV cases in 2017: 31Total number of cVDPV cases in 2016: 5Headlines - The Polio Research Committee (PRC) issued a call for research proposals, to support the implementation of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan, with particular focus on: vaccine schedule …

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Typhoid -- PakistanMore than 250 children have been affected by multi-drug resistant typhoid (MDR) typhoid in Hyderabad, said Dr Farah Qamar, the Assistant Professor of Pediatric at the Aga Khan University Hospital.Qamar, who conducted a survey in different areas of Hyderabad and Karachi, warns that it is "typhoid at its worst," adding that the 2 cities are seeing the biggest outbreak of MDR typhoid.In Karachi, 15 children have been affected by the outbreak, Dr Qamar added. The worst affected areas of …