As of 14 September, fourteen autochthonous confirmed cases of chikungunya have been diagnosed in Italy, six in Rome and eight in the coastal area of Anzio (Lazio Region). There are additional cases being investigated.

Danmark opfylder nu betingelserne for at have elimineret mæslinger. Det vurderer WHO. Elimination betyder, at der ikke har været vedvarende smitte af mæslinger i landet i de seneste tre år.

Since 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread throughout Latin and Central America. This emerging infectious disease has been causing considerable public health concern because of severe neurological complications, especially in newborns after congenital infections. In July 2016, the first outbreak in the continental United States was identified in the Wynwood neighbourhood of Miami-Dade County, Florida. In this work, we investigated transmission dynamics using a mathematical model calibrated to observed data on mosquito abundance and symptomatic human infections. We found that, although ZIKV transmission was detected in July 2016, the first importation may have occurred between March and mid-April. The estimated highest value for R0 was 2.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65-4.17); the attack rate was 14% (95% CI: 5.6-27.4%), with 15 (95% CI: 6-29) pregnant women involved and a 12% probability of infected blood donations. Vector control avoided 60% of potential infections. According to our results, it is likely that further ZIKV outbreaks identified in other areas of Miami-Dade County were seeded by commuters to Wynwood rather than by additional importation from international travellers. Our study can help prepare future outbreak-related interventions in European areas where competent mosquitoes for ZIKV transmission are already established.

Da der ikke har været rapporteret om gul feber-tilfælde siden juni 2017, har sundhedsministeriet i Brasilien pr. 7. september 2017 erklæret udbruddet for ovre.

On 18, 25 August and 4 September 2017, the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (NHFPC) notified WHO of four additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China.

We report an ongoing measles outbreak in Italy, with over 4,400 cases reported in 20 Regions from January to August 2017. Median age was 27 years, 88% of the cases were unvaccinated. The highest incidence was in infants below one year of age and 7% of cases occurred among healthcare workers. Three deaths occurred and two cases of encephalitis were reported. Wide immunity gaps and nosocomial transmission are major challenges to measles elimination in Italy.

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Anthrax -- IndiaAnthrax appears to have made a comeback to Visakhapatnam Agency [Andhra Pradesh state]. As many as 6 people from Dumbriguda mandal were admitted to King George Hospital (KGH) late Sunday night [10 Sep 2017] with suspected anthrax symptoms. According to the doctors at the KGH dermatology department, 5 people approached the hospital with complaints of suspected cutaneous anthrax after a group of the villagers consumed the meat of a sick goat a few weeks ago."All patients have developed …

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Anthrax -- IndiaEven 2 days after the admission of 6 tribals from Dumbriguda mandal in the agency to King George Hospital with suspected anthrax symptoms, the samples collected from them are yet to be tested at the microbiology department.The diagnostic tests will be available mostly by Sunday [17 Sep 2017], said the officials. However, the officials say that equipment available at the department is not adequate to confirm cutaneous anthrax without error, for which the samples, after being tested at the …

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Anthrax -- RomaniaInformation received on [and dated] 12 Sep 2017 from Dr Marius Grigore, Director, Head of Unit Animal Health Department General Sanitary Veterinary Directorate, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest, RomaniaSummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 22 Aug 2017Date of confirmation of the event: 11 Sep 2017Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: 5 Jul 2017Manifestation of disease: …

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Avian Influenza H5N8 -- NigeriaThe Oyo state government has shut down a hatchery of NPG factory located at Oluyole area of the state, over a suspected case of avian influenza (bird flu).The decision conveyed by the Special Adviser to Governor Abiola Ajimobi on Agriculture, Professor Segun Adekunle, on [Sun 10 Sep 2017], followed the spread of the virus at NPG main factory in Egbeda area of Ogun state, with the Oluyole farm as hatchery.Acting on a hint by the Ogun state Ministry of Agriculture on 6 Sep 2017, Adekunle …

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Avian Influenza H5N6 -- JapanAbstract--------To elucidate the evolutionary pathway, we sequenced the entire genomes of 89 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated in Japan during winter 2016-2017 and 117 AIV/HPAIVs isolated in Japan and Russia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that at least 5 distinct genotypes of H5N6 HPAIVs affected poultry and wild birds during that period. Japanese H5N6 isolates shared a common genetic ancestor in 6 of 8 genomic segments, and the PA and NS genes demonstrated 4 …

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Avian Influenza H7N9 -- ChinaOn 18 August 2017, the NHFPC reported one laboratory-confirmed human case of infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China. The case-patient was a 47-year-old male from Hunan province who developed symptoms on [Wed 9 Aug 2017] and was admitted to hospital on [Sat 12 Aug 2017]. He passed away on [Sun 13 Aug 2017]. He was reported to have had exposure to live poultry markets.On [Fri 25 Aug 2017], the NHFPC reported 2 laboratory-confirmed human cases of infection with avian influenza …

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Brucellosis -- SyriaI. Musallam II, Abo-Shehada MN, Hegazy YM, Holt HR, Guitian FJ. Systematic review of brucellosis in the Middle East: disease frequency in ruminants and humans and risk factors for human infection. Epidemiol Infect. 2016; 144(4): 671-85. doi: 10.1017/S0950268815002575; abstract available .- Mod.ASMaps of Syria can be seen at and . - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ][See Also:2013----Brucellosis, human, livestock - Syria …

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Brucellosis -- United StatesPeople who have consumed raw milk or raw milk products that are potentially contaminated with RB51 are at high risk for brucellosis infection. For these people, symptom monitoring and antibiotics to prevent infection (also called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)) is recommended.PEP for RB51 should include:- doxycycline, in addition to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or another suitable antimicrobial, for 21 days;- those with contraindications to doxycycline or …

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Brucellosis -- United StatesSummary-------The Texas Department of State Health Services, with assistance from CDC, is investigating _Brucella_ RB51 exposures and illnesses that may be connected to the purchase and consumption of raw (unpasteurized) milk from K-Bar Dairy in Paradise, Texas. Symptoms of brucellosis can include: fever, sweats, malaise, anorexia, headache, fatigue, muscle & joint pain, and potentially more serious complications (e.g., swelling of heart, liver, or spleen, neurologic …

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Foodborne Illness -- United StatesPeople who consumed raw milk or raw milk products from a Texas dairy should contact their health care provider immediately, warn health investigators from the CDC and the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS). Raw milk from the K-Bar Dairy in Paradise, Texas (northwest of Fort Worth), tested positive for a rare but potentially serious bacterium known as _Brucella [abortus_] RB51.CDC advises that people who consumed raw milk or milk products from the K-Bar Dairy between 1 June …

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Campylobacter -- United KingdomIn October 2012 the Vermont Department of Health (VDH) identified 3 cases of laboratory-confirmed _Campylobacter jejuni_ infection in Vermont residents; the isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. A query of PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, led to the identification of one additional case each from New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont that had been reported in the preceding 6 months. An investigation …

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Campylobacter -- United States39 cases, 7 states, 9 hospitalizations, 0 deathsThe Ohio Department of Health, several other states, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) are investigating a multistate outbreak of human _Campylobacter_ infections linked to puppies sold through Petland, a national pet store chain.The outbreak includes 39 people with laboratory-confirmed _Campylobacter_ infections or …

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Other Animal Disease -- IrelandThere has been a confirmed outbreak of crayfish plague in the River Barrow.The disease only affects the crayfish species but is 100 percent fatal if contracted by the fish.An outbreak was confirmed in the River Suir at Clonmel earlier this year [2017], and was branded as "extremely concerning" for the future of the species in Ireland.A public meeting has been organised in Graignamanagh [county Kilkenny] for this coming Wednesday evening 20 Sep 2017] to discuss the …

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-- United KingdomPet owners are being warned that a deadly flesh-eating dog disease may have spread to Crawley. Other cases of the disease - Alabama Rot - have already been reported at various sites across Sussex.Now Vets4Pets - based inside Pets at Home in County Oak, Crawley - has reported its 1st suspected case. The practice says that the disease, which leads to kidney failure and usually proves fatal "in 9 out of 10 cases," is the 1st case it has had. The cause of Alabama Rot - cutaneous and renal …

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Glanders -- India1. Elschner MC, Neubauer H, and Sprague LD. The resurrection of glanders in a new epidemiological scenario: a beneficiary of "global change". Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2017; 4(1): 54-60. Abstract available at .2. Van Zandt KE, Greer MT, Gelhaus HC. Glanders: an overview of infection in humans. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013; 8: 131. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-131; available at . - Mod.AS][See Also:Glanders, equine - India (04): (UP) http://promedmail.org/post/20170827.5276922Glanders, equine - …

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Hookworm -- United StatesAbstractHookworm infection affects 430 million people worldwide, causing iron deficiency, impaired cognitive development, and stunting in children. Because of the environmental conditions needed for the hookworm life-cycle, this parasite is endemic to resource-limited countries. _Necator americanus_ was endemic in the southern United States before improvement of sewage disposal systems and eradication programs. With continued poverty, poor sanitation, and an environment suitable for the …

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Other Human Disease -- Worldwide/UnknownIn the aftermath of Hurricane Irma, the most immediate risks in the affected areas of the Caribbean are increased transmission of diarrhoeal diseases related to lack of access to safe drinking water and acute respiratory infection in children accommodated in overcrowded shelters. The risk of an upsurge in cholera cases in areas with previous transmission and flood-specific risks (e.g. tetanus and leptospirosis) should be given priority when adopting mitigating measures. Mosquito-borne diseases …

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Hemorrhagic Fever -- IndiaThe death of 4 monkeys in a day at Morjim, Arambol and Torsem in Pernem taluka has sparked a scare among people in these areas. Authorities have dispatched samples of the dead monkeys to Pune to ascertain whether they were infected with Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD).Sources said that the 4 monkeys, one in Morjim and Arambol and 2 at Torsem, were found dead on [Tue 12 Sep 2017]. Former Morjim sarpanch, Vaishali Shetgaonkar and locals communicated [with] the state forest department about the …

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Listeriosis -- United StatesAt least 2 people in Rhode Island have developed infections from _Listeria monocytogenes_, causing public health officials to warn against eating soft cheese referred to as queso fresco.An alert posted Wednesday [13 Sep 2017] by the Rhode Island Department of Health did not include any details about the 2 victims but specifically urged pregnant women to not eat cheese made with unpasteurized milk. Pasteurizing milk kills _Listeria_ and other bacteria that often are present in so-called raw …

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Malaria -- CyprusThe health ministry announced on Saturday [16 Sep 2017] that 3 malaria cases have been recorded in the north in British tourists, but there was no cause for concern as the transmission risk is very low.The ministry said that it had been informed by the World Health Organization that the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) diagnosed 3 malaria cases in British tourists who visited the north in August [2017].The visitors stayed in a resort in Ayios Amvrosios, …

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Malaria -- GreeceAs of [Thu 17 Aug 2017], Greece reported 5 autochthonous cases of _P. vivax_ malaria acquired via vector-borne transmission following a likely exposure in the regions of Dytiki Ellada in West Greece for 4 cases and Sterea Ellada in Central Greece for one case.Greece reports that these cases resulted from a local transmission following recent introduction of _P. vivax_ in the area (introduced cases). The dates of onset of the cases range between 2 May and 22 July 2017.In addition, …

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Malaria -- IndiaBird or avian malaria caused by parasites _Plasmodium_ and _Haemoproteus_ is one of the most common and widespread diseases in birds. Avian malaria leads to decrease in reproductive success, anaemia, changes in body condition, and even mortality in extreme cases. Mosquitoes transmit _Plasmodium_, while biting midges (_Culicoides_ sp.) are responsible for _Haemoproteus_ transmission in birds.Previous studies from the temperate regions have shown that temperature plays an important role in …

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Other Human Disease -- BrazilHotez PJ, Murray KO (2017) Dengue, West Nile virus, chikungunya, Zika--and now Mayaro? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(8): e0005462. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005462Is Mayaro virus infection the latest in a series of new arbovirus diseases expanding across the Western Hemisphere?Since the launch of the 2000 Millennium Development Goals, we have seen an explosion of new arboviruses affecting the Americas. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, there has been a 143.1 …

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MERS -- OmanOn [30 Aug 2017], the national IHR focal point of Oman reported one case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The last report of MERS-CoV from Oman was on [29 Nov 2016].Details of the caseDetailed information concerning the case, a 54-year-old male living in Al Musanaa Batinah region, reported to WHO can be found in a separate document (see link below).MERS-CoV case reported on [30 Aug 2017]Date of notification to WHO / Reporting country / City of residence …

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Plague -- IraqThe Ministry of Health denied on [Tue 12 Sep 2017] what has been circulated in some social media sites and other media sources about the occurrence of plague cases. The spokesman for the Ministry of Health, Saif Al-Bader, said in a statement that "after communicating with the relevant authorities and departments, it has been found that no deaths due to plague have occurred." He indicated that "this disease was eliminated from Iraq a long time ago and the health departments, whether in Baghdad …

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Plague -- MadagascarAround 5 pm yesterday [Mon 11 Sep 2017], a 40 year old woman suspected to have died from pneumonic plague, according to a source within the (BMH), was buried at the cemetery of Anjanahary. She died at the Respiratory Diseases Service of the hospital in Antananarivo-city, after being admitted on [ Sun 10 Sep 2017], according to concordant sources.The victim had contracted the disease during a holiday in the east of the Big Island. "She was staying with her family in Toamasina, when 4 of the …

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Salmonella -- United StatesSalmonella outbreaks linked to Maradol papayas from Mexico have sickened 235 people in 26 states, the CDC said on Thu 14 Sep 2017. 78 people have been hospitalized, and 2 people, one from New York and one from California, have died. The CDC noted that 69 percent of those sickened are Hispanic.The majority of the salmonella cases have been documented in California, New York, New Jersey, Virginia and Texas. Other states affected are Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, …

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Fever -- South Korea…

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Malaria, Tick-borne disease -- GermanyReports of concurrent malaria and relapsing fever must be viewed with caution. Malarial microgametes, particularly those of _Plasmodium vivax_, are released in blood specimens prior to staining, and bear a striking resemblance to _Borrelia_ spp. [1]Reference---------1. Berger SA, David L. Pseudo-borreliosis in patients with malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005; 73(1):207-9; .--Communicated by:Prof. Steve BergerGeographic MedicineTel Aviv Medical …

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Undiagnosed -- NamibiaGovernment and private veterinarians are working around the clock to identify the cause of hundreds of reported incidents of cattle abortions in the Windhoek district [Namibia]. The reports originate from various farms, with losses ranging from 5 to 45 and even 128 on certain farms. It is suspected the incidents of abortion are occurring more widely than reported.Numerous samples have been submitted to the Windhoek Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), as well as to Onderstepoort and Path …

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Poisoning -- GermanySix people have been injured after gas was released at Frankfurt Airport in Germany.Emergency services responded to the incident, which occurred inside terminal one at 11 am on Monday morning [11 Sep 2017] local time (7 pm AEST).The Sun reported someone tear gassed passengers waiting at the check in counter, with breathing difficulties reported among the victims. German tabloid Bild reported that an unknown person sprayed an "irritating substance" at people at the check in desk in …

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West Nile Virus -- United StatesA Sauk County [Wisconsin] horse has tested positive for West Nile virus, the Health Department reported. The test result confirms there are mosquitoes in the area infected with the virus that can transmit it to people and animals.The Sauk County Health Department announced the test result in a news release late [Fri 1 Sep 2017]. The Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection reported the positive test result to the state Division of Public Health.Humans, horses, …

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Yellow Fever -- NigeriaThe Federal Government has confirmed a case of yellow fever in a young girl in Oke Owa Community, Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State.According to the Minister of Health, Prof Isaac Adewole, laboratory diagnosis was carried out at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and confirmed at the Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal on [Tue 12 Sep 2017].He said following the confirmation of the case, the State Epidemiology Team has begun investigation in the affected area and …

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Japanese Encephalitis -- PhilippinesThe Philippine Pediatric Society, Pediatric Infectious Society of the Philippines, and the Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases have warned the public against purchasing vaccines supposedly for Japanese Encephalitis, as these could be counterfeit and substandard. They also stressed the importance of the cold chain for vaccines, which keeps vaccines at a specific temperature until they are administered to the patient.According to Dr. Salvacion Gatchalian, the vice …

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Japanese Encephalitis -- IndiaAfter deaths of 3 more children due to encephalitis in Baba Raghav Das [BRD] Medical college here today [Fri 15 Sep 2017], the death toll rises to 223. Official sources said here that among [3] deceased children one each was from Deoria, Gorakhpur and Ambedkar Nagar districts. Sources said that 1045 patients of encephalitis were admitted in BRD medical college since last 1 January [2017]; 223 of them have died till date. A total of 18 new patients were admitted in hospital today [Fri 15 Sep …

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Other Human Disease -- GermanyIn Germany in the summer and autumn of 2016, several cases of illness in children were observed that were accompanied by acute flaccid paralysis. For the entire year 2016, 16 of such polio-like cases were registered with the Robert Koch-Institute. In an article in the current issue of Deutsches Arzteblatt International (Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017; 114 (33-34): 551-557), Johannes Hubner et al. describe this disease on the basis of 2 case reports, in which the neurological symptoms ranged from …

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Chikungunya -- PanamaCases by Country / Week [w/e] / Local susp. / Local conf. / Imported conf / DeathsNorth America---Mexico / week 34 [w/e 25 Aug 2017] / 0 / 24 / 0 / 0USA / week 35 [w/e 1 Sep 2017] / 0 / 0 / 38 / 0Central American Isthmus---Costa Rica / week 34 [w/e 25 Aug 2017] / 300 / 0 / 0 / 0El Salvador / week 34 [w/e 25 Aug 2017] / 407 / 0 / 0 / 0Nicaragua / week 35 [w/e 1 Sep 2017] / 640 / 18 / 0 / 0Panama / week 35 [w/e 1 Sep 2017] / 1996 / 24 / 1 / 0Latin …

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Chikungunya -- PakistanAt least 25 chikungunya suspected cases have been reported from Tharparkar/Mithi in the 1st 12 days of September 2017. The total number of chikungunya cases has reached 646 since April 2017.As per a report released by Sindh Health Department, a total of 4106 chikungunya suspected cases emerged in the province, out of which, 3455 emerged in Karachi, 646 in Tharparkar, 4 in Sanghar and one in Umerkot so far.In Karachi, out of total 3455 cases, 1740 were reported in District Malir, 156 in …

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Cholera -- Saudi ArabiaThe Directorate of Health Affairs in Jazan region was able to deal with a number of cases of cholera, which appeared in non-Saudi people in the province of Daier Bani Malik, where they [were] treated preventing its spread. Services will be restored to the public hospital after the completion of treatment of cholera cases recorded during the past days. The hospital was completely sterilized according to policies and procedures by a team specialized in infection control, and the hospital has …

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Cholera -- Yemen- Between 27 Apr 2017 and 8 Sep 2017, 635 752 suspected cholera cases and 2062 associated deaths have been reported across the country.- In total, 22 out of 23 (96 percent) governorates and 300 out of 333 districts (90 percent) are affected by the outbreak.-The outbreak is far from over. During the past 3 weeks, a significant increase in the number of suspected cholera cases has been reported in select districts of 7 governorates. The most concerning increase is in 3 governorates: …

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Cholera -- Worldwide/UnknownTwo cases of cholera appeared in Khartoum North, after the capital of Sudan witnessed a relatively low infection rate for several weeks. The isolation center in the Nierteti Hospital recorded 6 new cases in the past 2 days. The cholera victims came from Teibat El Ahamda district this weekend [9-10 Sep 2017] and have been taken to the local emergency room, a volunteer reported to Radio Dabanga. "The emergence of new cases may be a result of the accumulation of rainwater and dirt, and the …

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Cholera -- United StatesOn 20 Aug 2016, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) was notified of a case of _Vibrio cholerae_ infection. The isolate was identified as serogroup O1, serotype Inaba at MDH. CDC determined that the isolate was non-toxigenic. The patient was a previously healthy woman, aged 43 years, with history of gastric bypass surgery. On 16 Aug [2016], she experienced profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and headache. On 18 Aug [2016], she sought care and submitted the stool specimen …

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Elizabethkingia -- PeruIn the "San Camilo" pavilion of Dos de Mayo Hospital, the 3 children who share a room with a 4th are awake and talk to their families. The youngest girl, who has lost her speech and strength to move, at age 3 is the survivor of the only case reported so far in Peru of infection by an unusual bacterium. In less than 2 months, she has suffered from failure of her organs, widespread infection and necrosis in her hands and feet. The girl, a native of Tingo Maria (Huanuco), has been hospitalized in …

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Hepatitis A -- AustraliaIn response to your request for information in relation to the HAV outbreak, please be advised that we have published more epi information on the cluster at (week 35; week starting 2 Sep 2017)Summary of the relevant information from this is as follows:From 25 Jul 2017 to 2 Sep 2017, there have been 13 cases of hepatitis A reported in NSW [New South Wales]. On average, there are 3 cases reported in NSW per month, and most cases acquire their infection overseas. Only 3 of the 13 recent …