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COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown- One new country/territory/area reported cases of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Sab [Caribbean Netherlands].- As worldwide cases climb above 1 million and deaths over 50 000, Dr Tedros stressed that the best way for countries to end restrictions and ease their economic effects was to attack the virus with an aggressive and comprehensive package of measures.- WHO has released new technical guidance recommending universal access to public hand hygiene…

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown2 Feb 2020: 17 187 / ... / 80 024 / ... / 81 518 / 81 554 / 81 589 / 81 620 / 81 639 / 81 669 /Mainland China2 Feb 2020: 15 / ... / 3726 / ... / 9786 / 9887 / 9976 / 10 062 / 10 156 / 10 237 / South KoreaCountries with major activity (more than 5000 cases with community spread)------------------------------------------------------------------2 Feb 2020: 11 / ... / 76 / ... / 164 248 / 188 530 / 215 081 / 245 066 / 277 161 / 311 637 / USA2 Feb 2020: 1 / ... / 84 / ... / 87 956 / 95…

A 62-year-old dermatologist shared his story of being treated for COVID-19-associated pneumonia while still on oxygen in the hospital. …

African Horse Sickness -- ThailandThe number of horses killed by a viral disease called African horse sickness [AHS] in Pak Chong district of the north eastern province [Nakhon Ratchasima] has risen to 146. Provincial livestock development office chief Pasawee Somjai said on Saturday [4 Apr 2020] that 13 other horses also had severe symptoms. There have been no reports of deaths in other districts, he added [but see commentary]. Earlier, tests confirmed that 73 horses in Pak Chong had died of AHS, he said.Nakhon Ratchasima…

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/UnknownOnce SARS-CoV-2 is introduced in a long-term care skilled nursing facility (SNF), rapid transmission can occur.Following identification of a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a healthcare worker, 76 of 82 residents of an SNF were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 23 (30%) had positive test results, about half of whom were asymptomatic or presymptomatic on the day of testing.Symptom-based screening of SNF residents might fail to identify all SARS-CoV-2 infections. Asymptomatic and…

Not Yet Classified -- Worldwide/UnknownLi Wenliang, a face to the frontline healthcare worker. The first doctor to notify the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2, (COVID-19), outbreak.Eskild Petersen, David Hui, Davidson H Hamer, Lucille Blumberg, Lawrence C Madoff, Marjorie Pollack, et al.Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 93(Apr): 205-207.Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future.Nathan Kapata, Chikwe…

COVID-19 -- United StatesRegarding health monitoring related to the spread of the new coronavirus [SARS-CoV-2] on the national territory, there are 119 827 total cases. At the moment 85 388 people are positive for the virus; 19 758 people have recovered. There are 28 741 patients hospitalized with symptoms, 4068 are in intensive care, and 52 579 are in home isolation.There have been 14 681 reported deaths, however, this number can only be confirmed after the Istituto Superiore di Sanita has established the actual…

These are the coronavirus stories you need to know about today. …

The agency granted the authorization to global biopharacuetical company Cellex. Of 128 samples confirmed positive by RT-PCR in premarket testing, 120 tested positive by IgG, IgM, or both. …

It's not yet clear if the airborne viral particles are emitted in doses sufficient to cause infection, said an expert committee from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. …

Researchers worldwide are now collaborating in almost 60 gold-standard clinical trials in a huge research effort to find an effective treatment against COVID-19. …

Clinician advocates says transparency is critical to responding effectively during a pandemic, and gag orders endanger the health of clinicians and the general public. …

IDSA leaders warn the US mortality rate will likely climb above previous estimate and unwinding of COVID-19 pandemic will not be fast. …

Polio, COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown2 Feb 2020: 17 187 / ... / 80 024 / ... / 81 470 / 81 518 / 81 554 / 81 589 / 81 620 / 81 639 / Mainland China2 Feb 2020: 15 / ... / 3726 / ... / 9661 / 9786 / 9887 / 9976 / 10 062 / 10 156 / South KoreaCountries with major activity (more than 1000 cases with community spread)------------------------------------------------------------------2 Feb 2020: 11 / ... / 76 / ... / 142 070 / 164 248 / 188 530 / 215 081 / 245 066 / 277 161 / USA2 Feb 2020: 2 / ... / 1694 / ... / 97 689 /…

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- IndiaInformation received on [and dated] Thu 2 Apr 2020 from Dr Atul Chaturvedi, secretary, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, New Delhi, IndiaSummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 3 Mar 2020Date of confirmation of the event: 6 Mar 2020Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: 3 Sep 2019Manifestation of disease: clinical diseaseCausal agent:…

Yellow Fever -- BrazilIn April 2018, workers with the Associacao Mico-Leao-Dourado, a Brazilian non-governmental organisation [NGO] dedicated to the protection of the golden lion tamarin, found one of the endangered primates, apparently sick and unable to climb trees, lying on the forest floor in Aldeia, some 80 km (50 mi) north east of Rio de Janeiro city. The following day, field staff searched for the animal but could not find it within the sprawling tropical forest. But later that month, the dead bodies of 2…

COVID-19 -- ChinaCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide. Previous studies suggested cat could be a potential susceptible animal of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we investigated the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cats by detecting specific serum antibodies. A cohort of serum samples were collected from cats in Wuhan, including 102 sampled after COVID-19 outbreak and 39 prior to the outbreak. A…

COVID-19 -- ChinaInformation received on [and dated] 3 Apr 2020 from Dr Thomas Sit, chief veterinary officer/assistant director (inspection & quarantine), Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR-PRC)SummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 30 Mar 2020Date of confirmation of the event: 31 Mar 2020Reason for notification: emerging diseaseMorbidity: 1 (scale 0 to 5)Mortality: 0…

These are the coronavirus stories you need to know about today. …

Three medical stories that we didn't cover, explained. …

The eye-catching spikes sticking out from the surface of SARS-CoV-2 may inspire new ways to prevent or treat Covid-19 infections. …

In Philadelphia, New Orleans and Los Angeles, former safety-net hospitals sit empty. But reopening a closed hospital, even during a pandemic when health resources are scarce, is not easy or cheap. …

COVID-19 -- United StatesRegarding health monitoring related to the spread of the new coronavirus [SARS-CoV-2] on the national territory, there are 115 242 total cases. At the moment 83 049 people are positive for the virus; 18 278 people have recovered. There are 28 540 patients hospitalized with symptoms, 4035 are in intensive care, and 48 134 are in home isolation.There have been 13 915 reported deaths, however, this number can only be confirmed after the Istituto Superiore di Sanita has established the actual…

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown2 Feb 2020: 17 187 / ... / 80 024 / ... / 81 470 / 81 518 / 81 554 / 81 589 / 81 620 / Mainland China2 Feb 2020: 15 / ... / 3726 / ... / 9661 / 9786 / 9887 / 9976 / 10 062 / South KoreaCountries with major activity (more than 1000 cases with community spread)------------------------------------------------------------------2 Feb 2020: 11 / ... / 76 / ... / 142 070 / 164 248 / 188 530 / 215 081 / 245 066 / USA2 Feb 2020: 2 / ... / 1694 / ... / 97 689 / 101 739 / 105 792 / 110 574 /…

Lassa Fever -- NigeriaKey points----------Table 1: Summary of current week (13), cumulative from epiweeks 1-13, 2020, and comparison with previous year (2019)Current week (13) [23-29 Mar 2020) / Cumulative weeks 1-13 / Cumulative 2019 weeks 1-13Suspected cases: 182 / 4194 / 2034Confirmed cases: 19 / 951/ 526Probable cases: 0 / 14 / 15Deaths: 1 / 185 / 121Case fatality rate (CFR [%]): 5.3 / 19.5 / 23.0Number of states affected: 8 / 27 / 21Local government areas (LGAs) affected: 14 / 126 /…

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- HungaryInformation received on [and dated] 1 Apr 2020 from Dr Lajos Bognar, deputy state secretary chief veterinary officer, Food Chain Safety Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Budapest, HungarySummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 29 Mar 2020Date of confirmation of the event: 31 Mar 2020Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: 31 Jan 2020Manifestation of disease: sub-clinical infectionCausal agent: highly…

In the Seattle, Washington metropolitan area, where the first case of novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in the United States was reported, a community-level outbreak is ongoing with evidence of rapid spread and high morbidity and mortality among older adults in long-term care skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

On February 27, 2020, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department (SCCPHD) identified its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with probable community transmission (i.e., infection among persons without a known exposure by travel or close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19)…

Here are some of the top trending COVID-19 topics dominating the social media conversation among clinicians. …

The EMA will restrict use of intravenous and oral formulations and suspend pediatric and intramuscular formulations of fosfomycin-based antibiotics. …

These are the coronavirus stories you need to know about today. …

We illustrate the potential for specialist laboratory networks to be used as preparedness and response tool through rapid collection and sharing of data. Here, the Emerging Viral Diseases-Expert Laboratory Network (EVD-LabNet) and a laboratory assessment of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in returning European travellers related to an ongoing outbreak in Thailand was used for this purpose. EVD-LabNet rapidly collected data on laboratory requests, diagnosed CHIKV imported cases and sequences generated, and shared among its members and with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Data across the network showed an increase in CHIKV imported cases during 1 October 2018–30 April 2019 vs the same period in 2018 (172 vs 50), particularly an increase in cases known to be related to travel to Thailand (72 vs 1). Moreover, EVD-LabNet showed that strains were imported from Thailand that cluster with strains of the ECSA-IOL E1 A226 variant emerging in Pakistan in 2016 and involved in the 2017 outbreaks in Italy. CHIKV diagnostic requests increased by 23.6% between the two periods. The impact of using EVD-LabNet or similar networks as preparedness and response tool could be improved by standardisation of the collection, quality and mining of data in routine laboratory management systems.…

Background Emergency school closures are often used as public health interventions during infectious disease outbreaks to minimise the spread of infection. However, if children continue mixing with others outside the home during closures, the effect of these measures may be limited. Aim This review aimed to summarise existing literature on children’s activities and contacts made outside the home during unplanned school closures. Methods In February 2020, we searched four databases, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase and Web of Science, from inception to 5 February 2020 for papers published in English or Italian in peer-reviewed journals reporting on primary research exploring children’s social activities during unplanned school closures. Main findings were extracted. Results A total of 3,343 citations were screened and 19 included in the review. Activities and social contacts appeared to decrease during closures, but contact remained common. All studies reported children leaving the home or being cared for by non-household members. There was some evidence that older child age (two studies) and parental disagreement (two studies) with closure were predictive of children leaving the home, and mixed evidence regarding the relationship between infection status and such. Parental agreement with closure was generally high, but some disagreed because of perceived low risk of infection and issues regarding childcare and financial impact. Conclusion Evidence suggests that many children continue to leave home and mix with others during school closures despite public health recommendations to avoid social contact. This review of behaviour during unplanned school closures could be used to improve infectious disease modelling.…

Several Italian towns are under lockdown to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. The level of transmission reduction required for physical distancing interventions to mitigate the epidemic is a crucial question. We show that very high adherence to community quarantine (total stay-home policy) and a small household size is necessary for curbing the outbreak in a locked-down town. The larger the household size and amount of time in the public, the longer the lockdown period needed. …

Whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 obtained from two patients, a Chinese tourist visiting Rome and an Italian, were compared with sequences from Europe and elsewhere. In a phylogenetic tree, the Italian patient’s sequence clustered with sequences from Germany while the tourist’s sequence clustered with other European sequences. Some additional European sequences in the tree segregated outside the two clusters containing the patients’ sequences. This suggests multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Europe or virus evolution during circulation.…

Understanding risk perceptions of the public is critical for risk communication. In February 2020, the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare started collecting weekly qualitative data on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risk perception that informs risk communication efforts. The process is based on thematic analysis of emails and social media messages from the public and identifies factors linked to appraisal of risk magnitude, which are developed into risk communication recommendations together with health and communication experts.…

European healthcare systems face extreme pressure from coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We relate country-specific accumulated COVID-19 deaths (intensity approach) and active COVID-19 cases (magnitude approach) to measures of healthcare system capacity: hospital beds, healthcare workers and healthcare expenditure. Modelled by the intensity approach with a composite measure for healthcare capacity, the countries experiencing the highest pressure on 25 March 2020 - relative to Italy on 11 March - were Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and France (www.covid-hcpressure.org).…

African Swine Fever -- UkraineZaporozhe: event started on [26 Mar 2019]. A total of 3 outbreaks (submitted) reported to date [2 Apr 2020]. The event is continuing with the last follow-up report no. 3 provided on [15 Jan 2020].Total animals affected:Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / SlaughteredSwine / 11 273 / 249 / 249 / 11 024 / 0Wild boar / - / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0--communicated by:ProMED-mail******[2] Chernigov: wild boar Date: Mon 27 Jan 2020Source: OIE, WAHIS…

COVID-19 -- United StatesRegarding health monitoring related to the spread of the new coronavirus [SARS-CoV-2] on the national territory, there are 110 574 total cases. At the moment 80 572 people are positive for the virus; 16 847 people have recovered. There are 28 403 patients hospitalized with symptoms, 4035 are in intensive care, and 48 134 are in home isolation.There have been 13 155 reported deaths, however, this number can only be confirmed after the Istituto Superiore di Sanita has established the actual…

From 1999-2000 to 2017-2018, the prevalence of obesity among persons aged 2-19 years increased from 13.9% to 19.3%, and the prevalence of severe obesity increased from 3.6% to 6.1%.

Erratum: Vol. 69, No. 11…

Local transmission of dengue virus on Guam was reported for the first time in 75 years. Transmission was likely driven by Aedes albopictus mosquitoes after the previously known vector, Aedes aegypti, was eradicated by the US military after World War II.

In the United States, rates of nonfatal overdose visits to emergency departments increased from 2016 to 2017 for all drugs (4.3%), all opioids (3.1%), nonheroin opioids (3.6%), heroin (3.6%), and cocaine (32.9%), while rates of overdoses involving benzodiazepines decreased (5.2%).

The Department of Defense model of human immunodeficiency virus care demonstrates that the goals of high antiretroviral therapy uptake and viral suppression can be achieved and maintained in a large health care system.

Work-related health problems affect a large number of the workers in the United States.

Orders shot up exponentially in March for sedatives such as fentanyl, propofol, and midazolam — and order fill rates are dropping. …

Chinese researchers report that no staff members were diagnosed with COVID-19 after 'strict protective measures' for screening and managing patients with cancer were implemented. …

Experts know this: At this point, transmission happens through close contact, not from touching clothing. But if the garment has hard surfaces like buttons or zippers, the virus could linger on them. …

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown2 Feb 2020: 17 187 / ... / 80 024 / ... / 81 470 / 81 518 / 81 554 / 81 589 / Mainland China2 Feb 2020: 15 / ... / 3726 / ... / 9661 / 9786 / 9887 / 9976 / South KoreaCountries with major activity (more than 1000 cases with community spread)------------------------------------------------------------------2 Feb 2020: 11 / ... / 76 / ... / 142 070 / 164 248 / 188 530 / 215 081 / USA2 Feb 2020: 2 / ... / 1694 / ... / 97 689 / 101 739 / 105 792 / 110 574 / Italy2 Feb 2020: 1 / ... /…

African Swine Fever -- ChinaInformation received on [and dated] 1 Apr 2020 from Dr Huang Baoxu, secretary of the Party Leadership Group, Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China (People's Rep of)SummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 27 Mar 2020Date of confirmation of the event: 30 Mar 2020Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: 25 May 2019Manifestation of disease: clinical…