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ProMED Mail

Lumpy Skin Disease -- IndiaCapripox virus, or lumpy skin disease [LSD], which infected at least 265 animals in the district [Kochi, Kerala] until now, has left dairy farmers here worried. However, Laiby Paulin, district animal husbandry officer, sought to allay fears, saying the outbreak has been contained. "The newer cases show only mild infection," she said.She said the disease was 1st reported at Valayanchirangara, 7 km [4.3 mi] from Perumbavoor, on 11 Jan 2020. "This is the 1st time the disease is being reported…

ProMED Mail

Other Animal Disease -- United StatesWhen a Lexington-area spike in foal deaths caused by nocardioform placentitis 1st hit the news at the end of January [2020], there was considerable anecdotal chatter in the Bluegrass region that the number of equine abortions, stillborns, and neonate euthanizations might be higher than what is being reported by the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (UKVDL), the main entity that tracks such cases.Two weeks ago, when TDN 1st reported on the outbreak, the number stood at…

ProMED Mail

-- ChinaAt 04:00 on [15 Feb 2020], 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported 2009 new confirmed cases, 219 severe cases, and 142 death cases (139 in Hubei, 2 in Sichuan, 1 in Hunan), with 1918 new suspected cases.On the same day, 1323 cases were cured and discharged, and 29 788 close contacts were lifted from medical observation.As of 24:00 on [15 Feb 2020], according to reports from 31 provinces (autonomous regions,…

ProMED Mail

Other Animal Disease -- AustraliaCattle in areas of Queensland, New South Wales [NSW], and the Northern Territory that have been exposed to solid rain over the past month are already being impacted by heavy external parasite and disease challenges.Three-day sickness, or bovine ephemeral fever [BEF], is being reported across wide areas of central, northern, and southern Queensland, and buffalo fly populations have exploded in many areas fortunate enough to get rain since mid-January [2020]. Heavier cattle appear to be the…

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Equine Herpes Virus -- United StatesFive horses in Barn 29 at Saratoga Harness Track, in Saratoga Springs, New York, have shown signs of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), including fever, mild coughing, and mild nasal discharge. On 28 Jan 2020, New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYSDAM) and New York State Gaming Commission (NYSGC) officials received laboratory test results on one of the horses, which indicated an active EHV-1 infection. None of the horses are exhibiting neurologic clinical signs.Officials…

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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- South AfricaA 56-year-old was admitted at the Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital on Saturday [8 Feb 2020] with a history of tick bite followed by flulike symptoms including headaches and fatigue.The North West Health Department says while no active bleeding was noted, treatment was started immediately.Crimean-Congo fever, also known as Congo fever/haemorrhagic fever, is a disease caused by a tick-borne virus with a case fatality rate of 10% to 40%.Transmission to humans occurs through contact with…

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Undiagnosed -- PhilippinesAn unknown disease has killed several fighting cocks in Barangay Rosary Heights 1 [Cotabato City] in the past few days.Among those killed by the disease were 5 cocks at Mangga Boys game farm. The animals all died inside their cages and showed symptoms like swollen head, blindness and severe flu.[RC], one of the gamefowl owners, said the chickens had colds and fever, and became weak."We noticed that the unknown disease has led to death of fighting cocks starting last week. We…

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Melioidosis -- BrazilGiven the laboratory confirmation of 5 human cases of melioidosis (ICD-10 A24.4) that occurred in the state of Piaui in 2019 (including one death), the FMS Health Surveillance Directorate recommends Hospital Infection Control Commissions, to the Hospital Surveillance Centers, public and private microbiology laboratories, infectious disease specialists, pulmonologists, microbiologists, biochemists and physicians in general who are attentive, immediately report any case with a result of a…

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Salmonella -- United StatesThe CDC is investigating, along with the help of local public health officials, a multistate outbreak of _Salmonella_ Typhimurium associated with small pet turtles. This particular _Salmonella_ Typhimurium outbreak, associated specifically with small pet turtles with shells less than 4 inches, began in July 2019 and is ongoing. The CDC states that this investigation is different than the October 2019 outbreak.Public health officials are aiding investigations by using the PulseNet system,…

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Ebola -- DR Congo- 12 233 people were vaccinated, as of 7 Feb 2020, with the 2nd vaccine Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo (Johnson & Johnson) in the 2 health areas from Karisimbi to Goma;- Since the start of vaccination on 8 Aug 2018 with the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, 293 958 people have been vaccinated.Surveillance at entry points----------------------------- A 28-year-old woman, contact never seen and at high risk on the 16th day of follow-up, was intercepted at the PK5 checkpoint in Beni in North Kivu. This…

Influenza activity remains high, but hospitalizations and deaths are not as high at this time compared to earlier in the year, the CDC reports. …

ProMED Mail

Coronavirus -- ChinaAt 04:00 on [14 Feb 2020], 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported 2641 newly diagnosed cases, 849 severe cases, and 143 death cases (139 in Hubei and 2 in Henan). [In addition, there were deaths reported from Beijing and Chongqing - 1 each]. There were 2277 suspected cases added.On the same day [14 Feb 2020], 1373 new cases were cured and discharged, and 30 081 close contacts were lifted from medical observation.As…

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African Swine Fever -- Sierra LeoneInformation received on [and dated] Tue 11 Feb 2020 from Dr. Amadu Tejan Jalloh, Deputy Director - Animal Health, Livestock and Veterinary Services Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Freetown, Sierra LeoneSummaryReport type: Immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 20 Sep 2019Date of confirmation of the event: 12 Nov 2019Report date: 11 Feb 2020Date submitted to OIE: 11 Feb 2020Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed diseaseManifestation of…

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Hantavirus -- United StatesVery recently, a human Seoul virus (SEOV) infection, or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) case, in the USA was reported in Colorado, being initially considered as a non-fatal hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome (HCPS), with mild bilateral interstitial infiltrates on chest radiograph, with a high Sin Nombre virus (SNV)-specific IgM titer, but without molecular confirmation by viral sequencing. Nevertheless, the case was reported as being SEOV-induced, since presenting in a farmer…

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Rabies -- United StatesBy law, people who own a dog or a cat in West Virginia must get them vaccinated against rabies by the age of 6 months.The vaccine administered should be capable of providing immunity for 3 years, with a booster shot given 1 year after the initial vaccination and every 3 years thereafter.Officials urged people to keep themselves, their family and their pets safe by keeping their pets up to date on their vaccines. Make sure your animals' rabies vaccinations are current and avoid contact…

ProMED Mail

Coronavirus -- ChinaAt 04:00 on [13 Feb 2020], 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported an increase of 5090 confirmed cases, 2174 severe cases, and 121 death cases (116 in Hubei, 2 in Heilongjiang). Deaths were also reported 1 each in Anhui, Henan, and Chongqing), with 2450 new suspected cases.1081 new cases were cured and discharged on the same day, and 26 905 close contacts were lifted from medical observation.As of 24:00 on [13 Feb…

ProMED Mail

Other Plant Disease -- UgandaThe government has confirmed an outbreak of [a] new and more deadly banana disease in western Uganda. The Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) says the fast-spreading disease is drying up banana plants and wilting fruits at a terrifying rate. The ministry also said there is as yet no known drug that can be used to stop the disease.Sources from affected areas say the disease started last month [January 2020], with Ntungamo and Kabarole being worst-hit districts.

Iliya Fayans, Yair Motro, Lior Rokach, Yossi Oren and Jacob Moran-Gilad

Next generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming the new gold standard in public health microbiology. Like any disruptive technology, its growing popularity inevitably attracts cyber security actors, for whom the health sector is attractive because it combines mission-critical infrastructure and high-value data with cybersecurity vulnerabilities. In this Perspective, we explore cyber security aspects of microbial NGS. We discuss the motivations and objectives for such attack, its feasibility and implications, and highlight policy considerations aimed at threat mitigation. Particular focus is placed on the attack vectors, where the entire process of NGS, from sample to result, could be vulnerable, and a risk assessment based on probability and impact for representative attack vectors is presented. Cyber attacks on microbial NGS could result in loss of confidentiality (leakage of personal or institutional data), integrity (misdetection of pathogens) and availability (denial of sequencing services). NGS platforms are also at risk of being used as propagation vectors, compromising an entire system or network. Owing to the rapid evolution of microbial NGS and its applications, and in light of the dynamics of the cyber security domain, frequent risk assessments should be carried out in order to identify new threats and underpin constantly updated public health policies. …

Chantal B.E.M. Reusken, Eeva K. Broberg, Bart Haagmans, Adam Meijer, Victor M. Corman, Anna Papa, Remi Charrel, Christian Drosten, Marion Koopmans, Katrin Leitmeyer and on behalf of EVD-LabNet and ERLI-Net

Timely detection of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection cases is crucial to interrupt the spread of this virus. We assessed the required expertise and capacity for molecular detection of 2019-nCoV in specialised laboratories in 30 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. Thirty-eight laboratories in 24 EU/EEA countries had diagnostic tests available by 29 January 2020. A coverage of all EU/EEA countries was expected by mid-February. Availability of primers/probes, positive controls and personnel were main implementation barriers.…

Lara Tavoschi, Silvia Forni, Andrea Porretta, Lorenzo Righi, Filippo Pieralli, Francesco Menichetti, Marco Falcone, Giulia Gemignani, Spartaco Sani, Paola Vivani, Tommaso Bellandi, Danilo Tacconi, Lucia Turini, Giulio Toccafondi, Gaetano Privitera, Pierluigi Lopalco, Angelo Baggiani, Fabrizio Gemmi, Grazia Luchini, Maurizio Petrillo, Lorenzo Roti, Patrizio Pezzotti, Annalisa Pantosti, Stefania Iannazzo, Maria Teresa Mechi, Gian Maria Rossolini and on behalf of the Tuscan Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Net

In Tuscany, Italy, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (NDM-CRE) have increased since November 2018. Between November 2018 and October 2019, 1,645 samples were NDM-CRE-positive: 1,270 (77.2%) cases of intestinal carriage, 129 (7.8%) bloodstream infections and 246 (14.9%) infections/colonisations at other sites. Klebsiella pneumoniae were prevalent (1,495; 90.9%), with ST147/NDM-1 the dominant clone. Delayed outbreak identification and response resulted in sustained NDM-CRE transmission in the North-West area of Tuscany, but successfully contained spread within the region.…

Sibylle Bernard Stoecklin, Patrick Rolland, Yassoungo Silue, Alexandra Mailles, Christine Campese, Anne Simondon, Matthieu Mechain, Laure Meurice, Mathieu Nguyen, Clément Bassi, Estelle Yamani, Sylvie Behillil, Sophie Ismael, Duc Nguyen, Denis Malvy, François Xavier Lescure, Scarlett Georges, Clément Lazarus, Anouk Tabaï, Morgane Stempfelet, Vincent Enouf, Bruno Coignard, Daniel Levy-Bruhl and Investigation team

A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, was identified on 7 January 2020. The epidemic quickly disseminated from Wuhan and as at 12 February 2020, 45,179 cases have been confirmed in 25 countries, including 1,116 deaths. Strengthened surveillance was implemented in France on 10 January 2020 in order to identify imported cases early and prevent secondary transmission. Three categories of risk exposure and follow-up procedure were defined for contacts. Three cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on 24 January, the first cases in Europe. Contact tracing was immediately initiated. Five contacts were evaluated as at low risk of exposure and 18 at moderate/high risk. As at 12 February 2020, two cases have been discharged and the third one remains symptomatic with a persistent cough, and no secondary transmission has been identified. Effective collaboration between all parties involved in the surveillance and response to emerging threats is required to detect imported cases early and to implement adequate control measures.…

Benjamin J Cowling and Gabriel M Leung

Eurosurveillance editorial team

Eurosurveillance editorial team

ProMED Mail

Rift Valley Fever -- LibyaInformation received on [and dated] 13 Feb 2020 from Dr. Zakaria Mohamed Mustafa Elkhatal, director general, National Centre for Animal Health (NCAH), Ministry of Agriculture, Animal & Marine Wealth, Tripoli, LibyaSummaryReport type: follow-up report No. 2Date of start of the event: 12 Dec 2019Date of confirmation of the event: 13 Jan 2020Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed diseaseManifestation of disease: clinical diseaseCausal agent: Rift Valley fever…

ProMED Mail

MERS -- Saudi ArabiaIn the 10 days since the last update (MERS-CoV (06): Saudi Arabia (RI,JF,AS) secondary transmission, UAE (AZ) WHO http://promedmail.org/post/20200202.6946496) there have been a total of 6 newly confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection reported and 6 outcomes reported (2 deaths and 4 recoveries).Information on newly confirmed MERS-CoV infections (6):[1]Date of confirmation report: 3 Feb 2020Case No.: 20-1997A 28-year-old male in Jeddah city, Jeddah [Makkah] regionContact with…

ProMED Mail

Undiagnosed -- IndiaPeople of Karnamadhu village in Karimganj district are in panic mode due to a mysterious disease that has already taken the lives of 6 children. 3 of the children were from the same family.According to reports many more have been infected with the disease with symptoms of pain in the throat, fever and bleeding from the mouth, ultimately leading to death. Due to the fear of infection, children have been made to wear protective masks. So far around 25 people have been affected by this…

ProMED Mail

Legionnaires' -- United StatesThe Coleman Federal Correctional Complex, a Bureau of Prisons [BOP] facility near Wildwood, Florida, is home to more than 6000 inmates, roughly 500 of them women. The Central Florida federal prison in the midst of a Legionnaires' disease outbreak has 5 more cases, and at least one case of scabies, too. But state health officials won't talk about what they're doing to alleviate the public health issue.Over the past 2 weeks, officials with the Coleman Federal Correctional Institution complex…

ProMED Mail

Strep -- Canada"Between December 2016 and April 2017, two cases of invasive Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections were reported at a Canadian military training facility. An outbreak was declared and a field investigation was launched to characterize the outbreak and identify associated risk factors to limit transmission. Throat culture data from military personnel at the garrison were analyzed. Investigators tracked invasive GAS cases and non-invasive hospitalized GAS cases, and conducted site visits and…

New guidelines from CDC and the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) recommend shorter regimens (three to four months) over longer regimens (six to nine months) for most patients living in the United States.

From 2010-2013 to 2014-2017, the percentage of emergency department visits for acute viral upper respiratory tract infection that had an antimicrobial given or prescribed decreased from 23.4% to 17.6%.

Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report…

In December of 2018, Wyoming identified the state's first case of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) containing mcr-1, which is a gene that can make bacteria resistant to colistin, a drug that can be the last resort for some multidrug-resistant infections like CRE.

The number of new cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in U.S. children and adolescents increased at constant rates from 2002 through 2015, and the rates of increase were generally higher in racial/ethnic minority populations than in whites.

State Medicaid programs that cover all evidence-based cessation treatments, remove barriers to accessing these treatments, and promote covered treatments to Medicaid enrollees and health care providers could reduce smoking, smoking-related disease, and smoking-attributable federal and state health care expenditures.

During 2010-2017, a total of 5,387 dengue cases were reported from U.S. states and the District of Columbia; 93% were travel-associated.

As spread of the novel COVID-19 coronavirus continues, the American College of Cardiology has released a clinical update that looks at early cardiac implications and clinical guidance. …

Yanjun Wei describes what it's like living in quarantine at Travis Air Force Base in California with her two small children. …

ProMED Mail

Hemorrhagic Fever -- IndiaAfter a monkey's death was reported in Hodanthe village of Sagar taluk on [Sun 9 Feb 2020], the NR Pura taluk has been put on high alert after 3 coffee plantation workers of Madabaru estate were tested positive for monkey fever.District's health department officials rushed to the spot to brief the estate workers about the preventive measures to be taken to check the disease. The team led by Dr Subhash had the target of administering anti-KFD (Kyasanur forest disease) virus vaccine to…

ProMED Mail

Coronavirus -- ChinaAs the world watches the rapid spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV [SARS-CoV-2]) outbreak, it is important to reflect on the lessons that can be learned from this and previous emerging zoonotic viruses (EZV) in a comparative and analytic way. Although the source of 2019-nCoV is yet to be confirmed, early findings suggest a high possibility of a bat origin[1]. There have been 6 major EZV outbreaks in the past 25 years caused by proven or suspected bat-borne viruses (table)[2-7].

ProMED Mail

Leishmaniasis -- IcelandInformation received on Mon 10 Feb 2020 from Dr Sigurborg Daoadottir, chief veterinary officer, Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority, Ministry of Industries and Innovation, Selfoss, IcelandSummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 15 Nov 2019Date of confirmation of the event: 21 Dec 2019Report date: 10 Feb 2020Date submitted to OIE: 10 Feb 2020Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed disease on the countryCausal agent: _Leishmania_…

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Leishmaniasis -- ArmeniaInformation received on [and dated] Thu 6 Feb 2020 from Dr Georgi Avetisyan, head, Food Safety Inspection Body of the Government of the Republic of Armenia, e ARM Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, ArmeniaSummaryReport type: immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 24 Jan 2020Date of confirmation of the event: 25 Jan 2020Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: 30 Aug 2019Manifestation of disease:…

ProMED Mail

Typhoid -- United StatesOn [Wed 5 Feb 2020], Briarwood Elementary School was notified by the Barren River District Health Department of a confirmed case of typhoid fever in one of their students. Briarwood Elementary School says, according to the CDC, _Salmonella_ Typhi is spread through sewage contamination of food or water, and through person-to-person contact.The Barren River District Health Department released the following statement on [Thu 6 Feb 2020]:"Barren River District Health Department uses…

ProMED Mail

Chronic Wasting Disease -- United StatesChronic wasting disease has been confirmed in wild deer from Woodbury, Winneshiek, Fayette, and Decatur counties this year [2020], bringing the total number of counties in Iowa where wild deer have tested positive to 8."We will schedule meetings in these areas in the next few months to discuss chronic wasting disease, our response, and the role hunters play in helping us to manage for this disease," said Tyler Harms, wildlife biologist with the Iowa DNR.In the past, the DNR has set up…

ProMED Mail

Ebola -- DR Congo- The Deputy General Coordinator of the response to the Ebola virus disease epidemic, Dr Justus Nsio Mbeta, participated on Mon 10 Feb 2020 in the meeting chaired by the Mayor of the city of Beni, on the development a contingency plan for the situation of displaced people from Mangina to Beni. This meeting took place in the presence of some delegates from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA);- the meeting was convened at the request of the General…

Policies that mandate use of surgical jackets and bouffants in the operating room do not reduce the risk for surgical site infections, new data suggest. …

ProMED Mail

SARS -- ChinaAt 04:00 on [11 Feb 2020], 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported that there were 2015 confirmed cases (1638 cases in Hubei), 871 severe cases (897 cases in Hubei), 97 deaths (94 in Hubei, 1 in Henan, Hunan, and Chongqing), and 3342 suspected cases (1685 in Hubei). On the same day, 744 new cases were cured and discharged (417 in Hubei), and 30 068 close contacts were lifted from medical observation.As of 24:00 on [11…

ProMED Mail

Salmonella -- Worldwide/UnknownBackground: _Salmonella_ spp. are a major cause of food-borne outbreaks in Europe. We investigated a large multi-country outbreak of _Salmonella enterica_ serotype Enteritidis in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA).Methods: A confirmed case was defined as a laboratory-confirmed infection with the outbreak strains of _S._ Enteritidis based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS), occurring between 1 May 2015 and 31 Oct 2018. A probable case was defined as laboratory-confirmed infection with…

ProMED Mail

Salmonella -- FranceSalmonellosis has affected 13 people in France with a link to consuming a brand of raw milk cheese. They have been infected with the same strain of _Salmonella_ Dublin, according to the National Reference Center for _Salmonella_ at the Institut Pasteur.Sante Publique France and the General Directorate of Food (DGAL) have identified a link between eating raw milk Morbier cheese made by the company Jean Perrin, based in the Cléron commune of Doubs in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region and…

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Avian Influenza H5N6 -- ChinaInformation received on [and dated] Tue 11 Feb 2020 from Dr. Huang Baoxu, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group, Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China (People's Rep. of)SummaryReport type: Immediate notificationDate of start of the event: 2 Feb 2020Date of confirmation of the event: 9 Feb 2020Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence: 13 Mar 2017Manifestation of disease:…