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Dansk Selskab for Infektionsmedicin
Aktuelle smitsomme sygdomme
Sidst opdateret 24.11.2018
Søgeord (%s) valgt. Opdateret for 9 timer siden.
9 emner vises.
1 Acute hepatitis B notification rates in Flanders, Belgium, 2009 to 2017
Özgür Koc, Pierre Van Damme, Dana Busschots, Rob Bielen, Anmarie Forier, Frederik Nevens and Geert Robaeys
Background
Belgium is a low-endemic country for hepatitis B. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in infants with catch-up in the age cohort of 10–13 year-olds began in 1999.
Aims
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of prevention and control strategies on acute hepatitis B notification rates in Flanders (Belgium) from 2009 to 2017.
Methods
This observational study collected demographic data and risk factors for acute hepatitis B from mandatory notifications to the Agency for Care and Health.
Results
In Flanders, acute hepatitis B notification rates per 100,000 population decreased from 1.6 in 2009 to 0.7 in 2017. These rates declined in all age groups: 0–4-year-olds: 0.6 to 0.0, 5–14-year-olds: 0.2 to 0.0, 15–24-year-olds: 0.8 to 0.7, 25–34-year-olds: 3.4 to 1.1 and ≥ 35-year-olds: 1.59 to 0.7. There was also a downward trend in acute hepatitis B notification rates in native Belgians and first-generation migrants. Among 15–24-year-olds and 25–34-year-olds, a possible reversal of the decreasing trend was observed in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Among 548 acute hepatitis B cases, the main route of transmission was sexual activity (30.7%), and the pattern of transmission routes over time showed an increasing proportion of sexual transmission in men who have sex with men (MSM) after 2014. During the period from 2009 to 2017, five mother-to-child transmissions were reported.
Conclusions
Prevention and control strategies were effective in reducing the acute hepatitis B notification rate. However, stronger prevention and control measures are needed in adult risk groups, particularly MSM.…
2 Aspirin May Lower HCC Risk in Patients With Hepatitis B
A new study finds that daily low-dose aspirin may decrease the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. …
3 Hep B More Complex Than C, But Here's a Plan to Cure It Too
A new global strategy is designed to accelerate a cure for hepatitis B, which affects millions of people around the world. …
4 Hepatitis B and C prevalence and incidence in key population groups with multiple risk factors in the EU/EEA: a systematic review
Lauren MK Mason, Erika Duffell, Irene K Veldhuijzen, Uarda Petriti, Eveline M Bunge and Lara Tavoschi
Background
People living with HIV (PLHIV) and people in prison are population groups with a potentially high risk and/or prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Aim
We conducted a systematic review in order to find prevalence and incidence estimates in these populations in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA).
Methods
Original research articles published between January 2005 and February 2017 were retrieved from PubMed and Embase in February 2017.
Results
Fifty-two articles were included, providing 97 estimates of HBV/HCV infection prevalence or incidence. Estimates of HBV infection prevalence ranged between 2.9% and43.4% in PLHIV and 0.0% and 25.2% in people in prison. Estimates of HCV infection prevalence ranged from 2.9% to 43.4% in PLHIV and 0.0% to 25.2% in people in prison. Incidence estimates ranged between 0.0 and 2.5 cases per 100 person-years for HBV infection in PLHIV. No such data was available for people in prison. HCV infection incidence ranged between 0.3 and 0.9 cases per 100 person-years in PLHIV and between 1 and 1.2 cases per 100 person-years in people in prison. Prevalence estimates were generally higher than in the general population, especially for HCV infection and among groups with multiple risk factors.
Conclusions
PLHIV, people in prison and groups with multiple risk factors, have a high prevalence of HBV and HCV and may be at ongoing risk of infection. These groups should be among the populations prioritised and targeted for active case finding and prevention programmes in the EU/EEA.…
5 Increasing childhood vaccination coverage of the refugee and migrant population in Greece through the European programme PHILOS, April 2017 to April 2018
Kassiani Mellou, Chrysovalantis Silvestros, Eirini Saranti-Papasaranti, Athanasios Koustenis, Ioanna D. Pavlopoulou, Theano Georgakopoulou, Chryssoula Botsi and Agapios Terzidis
After the 2016 Balkan route border closures, vaccination of refugee children in Greece was mainly performed by non-governmental organisations. Activities varied between camps, resulting in heterogeneity of vaccination coverage (VC). In April 2017, the European programme ‘PHILOS - Emergency health response to refugee crisis’ took over vaccination coordination. Interventions were planned for the first time for refugee children in the community and unaccompanied minors at safe zones. From April 2017–April 2018, 57,615 vaccinations were performed against measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) (21,031), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (7,341), poliomyelitis (7,652), pneumococcal disease (5,938), Haemophilus influenzae type b (7,179) and hepatitis B (8,474). In April 2018, the vaccination status of children at camps (reception and identification centres and community facilities such as hostels/hotels were excluded) was recorded and VC for each disease, stratified by dose, nationality and camp size, was calculated. More than 80% of the children received the first MMR dose, with VC dropping to 45% for the second dose. For all other vaccines, VC was…
6 PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (08): (KY,WV,OH)
7 PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (11): (KY,WV,OH)
8 PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (12): (KY, WV, OH)
9 Seroprevalence and demographic factors associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infection from a hospital emergency department testing programme, London, United Kingdom, 2015 to 2016
Nick Bundle, Sooria Balasegaram, Sarah Parry, Sadna Ullah, Ross J Harris, Karim Ahmad, Graham R Foster, Cheuk YW Tong and Chloe Orkin
Background
Progress towards HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination requires local prevalence estimates and linkage to care (LTC) of undiagnosed or disengaged cases.
Aim
We aimed to estimate seroprevalence, factors associated with positive blood-borne virus (BBV) serology and numbers needed to screen (NNS) to detect a new BBV diagnosis and achieve full LTC from emergency department (ED) BBV testing.
Methods
During a 9-month programme in an ED in east London, England, testing was offered to adult attendees having a full blood count (FBC). We estimated factors associated with positive BBV serology using logistic regression and NNS as the inverse of seroprevalence. Estimates were weighted to the age, sex and ethnicity of the FBC population.
Results
Of 6,211 FBC patients tested, 217 (3.5%) were positive for at least one BBV. Weighted BBV seroprevalence was 4.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6–4.9). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of positive BBV serology were elevated among patients that were: male (aOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.9–3.9), 40–59 years old (aOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4–2.7), of Black British/Black other ethnicity (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.8) or had no fixed address (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5–5.5). NNS to detect a new BBV diagnosis was 154 (95% CI: 103–233) and 135 (95% CI: 93–200) to achieve LTC.
Conclusions
The low NNS suggests routine BBV screening in EDs may be worthwhile. Those considering similar programmes should use our findings to inform their assessments of anticipated public health benefits.…
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