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Medscape Infectious Diseases, 14.03.2024
Tilføjet 14.03.2024
Clinicians are evaluating optimal timing for vaccination now that the first pentavalent vaccine against all five major serogroups of meningococcal disease is available. Medscape Medical News
Læs mereFabiana Gámbaro, Ana Belén Pérez, Matthieu Prot, Eduardo Agüera, Artem Baidaliuk, María Paz Sánchez-Seco, Luis Martínez-Martínez, Ana Vázquez, María Dolores Fernandez-Garcia and Etienne Simon-Loriere
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
BackgroundVarious pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses can lead to meningitis. Among viruses causing meningitis, Toscana virus (TOSV), a phlebovirus, is transmitted through sandfly bites. TOSV infection may be suspected if patients with enterovirus- and herpesvirus-negative aseptic (non-bacterial) meningitis recall recent insect bites. Other epidemiological factors (season, rural area) may be considered. The broad range of possible meningitis aetiologies poses considerable diagnosis challenges. Untargeted metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can potentially identify pathogens, which are not considered or detected in routine diagnostic panels. AimIn this retrospective, single-centre observational study, we investigated mNGS usefulness to understand the cause of meningitis when conventional approaches fail. MethodsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients hospitalised in southern Spain in 2015–2019 with aseptic meningitis and no aetiology found by conventional testing, were subjected to mNGS. Patients’ demographic characteristics had been recorded and physicians had asked them about recent insect bites. Obtained viral genome sequences were phylogenetically analysed. ResultsAmong 23 idiopathic cases, TOSV was identified in eight (all male; median age: 39 years, range: 15–78 years). Five cases lived in an urban setting, three occurred in autumn and only one recalled insect bites. Phylogenetic analysis of TOSV segment sequences supported one intra-genotype reassortment event. ConclusionsOur study highlights the usefulness of mNGS for identifying viral pathogens directly in CSF. In southern Spain, TOSV should be considered regardless of recalling of insect bites or other epidemiological criteria. Detection of a disease-associated reassortant TOSV emphasises the importance of monitoring the spread and evolution of phleboviruses in Mediterranean countries.
Læs mereMert Erdin, Kamelia R Stanoeva, Ramona Mögling, Miša Korva, Nataša Knap, Katarina Resman Rus, Cristina Domingo, Johan HJ Reimerink, Ankje de Vries, Hussein Alburkat, Mira Utriainen, Céline M Gossner, Tarja Sironen, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Chantal BEM Reusken and Olli Vapalahti
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 6.10.2023
Tilføjet 6.10.2023
BackgroundRodent-borne viruses such as orthohantaviruses and arenaviruses cause considerable disease burden with regional and temporal differences in incidence and clinical awareness. Therefore, it is important to regularly evaluate laboratory diagnostic capabilities, e.g. by external quality assessments (EQA). AimWe wished to evaluate the performance and diagnostic capability of European expert laboratories to detect orthohantaviruses and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and human antibody response towards orthohantaviruses. MethodsWe conducted an EQA in 2021; molecular panels consisted of 12 samples, including different orthohantaviruses (Seoul, Dobrava-Belgrade (DOBV), Puumala (PUUV) and Hantaan orthohantavirus), LCMV and negative controls. Serological panels consisted of six human serum samples reactive to PUUV, DOBV or negative to orthohantaviruses. The EQA was sent to 25 laboratories in 20 countries. ResultsThe accuracy of molecular detection of orthohantaviruses varied (50‒67%, average 62%) among 16 participating laboratories, while LCMV samples were successfully detected in all 11 participating laboratories (91-100%, average 96%). The accuracy of serological diagnosis of acute and past orthohantavirus infections was on average 95% among 20 participating laboratories and 82% in 19 laboratories, respectively. A variety of methods was used, with predominance of in-house assays for molecular tests, and commercial assays for serological ones. ConclusionSerology, the most common tool to diagnose acute orthohantavirus infections, had a high accuracy in this EQA. The molecular detection of orthohantaviruses needs improvement while LCMV detection (performed in fewer laboratories) had 95% accuracy. Further EQAs are recommended to be performed periodically to monitor improvements and challenges in the diagnostics of rodent–borne diseases.
Læs mereIris Kristinsdottir, Linda J Visser, Willem R Miellet, Rob Mariman, Gerlinde Pluister, Gunnsteinn Haraldsson, Asgeir Haraldsson, Krzysztof Trzciński and Valtyr Thors
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 29.09.2023
Tilføjet 29.09.2023
BackgroundNeisseria meningitidis is a commensal bacterium which can cause invasive disease. Colonisation studies are important to guide vaccination strategies. AimThe study’s aim was to determine the prevalence of meningococcal colonisation, duration of carriage and distribution of genogroups in Iceland. MethodsWe collected samples from 1 to 6-year-old children, 15–16-year-old adolescents and 18–20-year-old young adults. Carriers were sampled at regular intervals until the first negative swab. Conventional culture methods and qPCR were applied to detect meningococci and determine the genogroup. Whole genome sequencing was done on groupable meningococci. ResultsNo meningococci were detected among 460 children, while one of 197 (0.5%) adolescents and 34 of 525 young adults (6.5 %) carried meningococci. Non-groupable meningococci were most common (62/77 isolates from 26/35 carriers), followed by genogroup B (MenB) (12/77 isolates from 6/35 carriers). Genogroup Y was detected in two individuals and genogroup W in one. None carried genogroup C (MenC). The longest duration of carriage was at least 21 months. Serial samples from persistent carriers were closely related in WGS. ConclusionsCarriage of pathogenic meningococci is rare in young Icelanders. Non-groupable meningococci were the most common colonising meningococci in Iceland, followed by MenB. No MenC were found. Whole genome sequencing suggests prolonged carriage of the same strains in persistent carriers.
Læs mereECDC
ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report, 29.07.2023
Tilføjet 29.07.2023
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 23-29 July 2023 and includes updates on cholera, MERS-CoV, Chikungunya, dengue, COVID-19, West Nile virus, avian influenza, echovirus, botulism, and bacterial meningitis.
Læs mereECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 29.07.2023
Tilføjet 29.07.2023
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 23-29 July 2023 and includes updates on cholera, MERS-CoV, Chikungunya, dengue, COVID-19, West Nile virus, avian influenza, echovirus, botulism, and bacterial meningitis.
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