Dansk Selskab for Infektionsmedicin
Aktuelle smitsomme sygdomme
Sidst opdateret 24.11.2018
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1 Antimicrobial resistance of major clinical pathogens in South Korea, May 2016 to April 2017: first one-year report from Kor-GLASS
Eurosurveillance: Most Recent Articles, 18.10.2018
Tilføjet 19.10.2018 08:41
Hyukmin Lee, Eun-Jeong Yoon, Dokyun Kim, Seok Hoon Jeong, Eun Jeong Won, Jong Hee Shin, Si Hyun Kim, Jeong Hwan Shin, Kyeong Seob Shin, Young Ah Kim, Young Uh, Ji Woo Yang, Il Hwan Kim, Chan Park and Kwang Jun Lee
The Korean government established an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance system, compatible with the Global AMR Surveillance System (GLASS): Kor-GLASS. We describe results from the first year of operation of the Kor-GLASS from May 2016 to April 2017, comprising all non-duplicated clinical isolates of major pathogens from blood, urine, faeces and urethral and cervical swabs from six sentinel hospitals. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out by disk diffusion, Etest, broth microdilution and agar dilution methods. Among 67,803 blood cultures, 3,523 target pathogens were recovered. The predominant bacterial species were Escherichia coli (n = 1,536), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 597) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 584). From 57,477 urine cultures, 6,394 E. coli and 1,097 K. pneumoniae were recovered. Bloodstream infections in inpatients per 10,000 patient-days (10TPD) were highest for cefotaxime-resistant E. coli with 2.1, followed by 1.6 for meticillin-resistant Sta. aureus, 1.1 for imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, 0.8 for cefotaxime-resistant K. pneumoniae and 0.4 for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Urinary tract infections in inpatients were 7.7 and 2.1 per 10TPD for cefotaxime-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Kor-GLASS generated well-curated surveillance data devoid of collection bias or isolate duplication. A bacterial bank and a database for the collections are under development.
2 Bloodstream infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Italy: results from nationwide surveillance, 2014 to 2017
Eurosurveillance: Most Recent Articles, 31.01.2019
Tilføjet 01.02.2019 06:30
Simone Iacchini, Michela Sabbatucci, Carlo Gagliotti, Gian Maria Rossolini, Maria Luisa Moro, Stefania Iannazzo, Fortunato D’Ancona, Patrizio Pezzotti and Annalisa Pantosti
Following the rapid increase of infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in Italy, the national surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSI) due to CPE (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) was instituted in 2013. All CPE-BSI cases reported to the surveillance in the years 2014–17 were analysed in order to investigate incidence rate (IR), trend, main individual characteristics and enzymes involved in CPE resistance. Throughout this period, 7,632 CPE-BSI cases (IR: 3.14/100,000 inhabitants) were reported from all 21 regions and autonomous provinces in Italy, with an increasing number of reported cases (2014: 1,403; 2015: 1,838; 2016: 2,183; 2017: 2,208). CPE-BSI cases mainly occurred in subjects aged over 60 years (70.9%) and more frequently in males (62.7%) than in females. Most of the cases originated in hospitals (87.2%), mainly in intensive care units (38.0%), and were associated with central or peripheral venous catheter use (23.9%) or with urinary tract infections (21.1%). Almost all CPE-BSI (98.1%) were due to K. pneumoniae carrying the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) enzyme (95.2%). These data show that carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae are endemic in our country, causing a high number of BSI and representing a threat to patient safety.
3 Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines introduction on antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in children aged 5 years or younger, Israel, 2004 to 2016
Eurosurveillance: Most Recent Articles, 22.11.2018
Tilføjet 23.11.2018 06:05
Shalom Ben-Shimol, Noga Givon-Lavi, David Greenberg, Michal Stein, Orli Megged, Avihu Bar-Yochai, Shahar Negari, Ron Dagan and on behalf of the Israel Bacteremia and Meningitis Active Surveillance Group
Background
Empiric treatment of pneumococcal meningitis includes ceftriaxone with vancomycin to overcome ceftriaxone resistant disease. The addition of vancomycin bears a risk of adverse events, including increased antibiotic resistance. We assessed antibiotic resistance rates in pneumococcal meningitis before and after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) implementation.
Methods
All pneumococcal meningitis episodes in children aged 5 years and younger, from 2004 to 2016, were extracted from the nationwide bacteremia and meningitis surveillance database. For comparison purposes, we defined pre-PCV period as 2004–2008 and PCV13 period as 2014–2016. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 0.06 and > 0.5 μg/mL were defined as penicillin and ceftriaxone resistance, respectively.
Results
Overall, 325 episodes were identified. Pneumococcal meningitis incidence rates declined non-significantly by 17%, comparing PCV13 and pre-PCV periods. Throughout the study, 90% of isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, with 26.6%, 2.1% and 0% of isolates resistant to penicillin, ceftriaxone and vancomycin, respectively. Mean proportions (± SD) of meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococci were 40.5% ± 8.0% and 9.6% ± 7.4% in the pre-PCV and the PCV13 periods, respectively, resulting in an overall 83.9% reduction (odd ratio:0.161; 95% confidence interval: 0.059–0.441) in penicillin resistance rates. The proportions of meningitis caused by ceftriaxone resistant pneumococci were 5.0% ± 0.8% in the pre-PCV period, but no ceftriaxone resistant isolates were identified since 2010.
Conclusions
PCV7/PCV13 sequential introduction resulted in > 80% reduction of penicillin- resistant pneumococcal meningitis and complete disappearance of ceftriaxone resistant disease. These trends should be considered by the treating physician when choosing an empiric treatment for pneumococcal meningitis.
4 Improvement of Legionnaires’ disease diagnosis using real-time PCR assay: a retrospective analysis, Italy, 2010 to 2015
Eurosurveillance: Most Recent Articles, 13.12.2018
Tilføjet 14.12.2018 08:04
Maria Luisa Ricci, Antonella Grottola, Giulia Fregni Serpini, Antonino Bella, Maria Cristina Rota, Francesca Frascaro, Emanuela Pegoraro, Marisa Meacci, Anna Fabio, Elena Vecchi, Antonietta Girolamo, Fabio Rumpianesi, Monica Pecorari and Maria Scaturro
Aim
To evaluate real-time PCR as a diagnostic method for Legionnaires’ disease (LD). Detection of Legionella DNA is among the laboratory criteria of a probable LD case, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, although the utility and advantages, as compared to culture, are widely recognised.
Methods
Two independent laboratories, one using an in-house and the other a commercial real-time PCR assay, analysed 354 respiratory samples from 311 patients hospitalised with pneumonia between 2010–15. The real-time PCR reliability was compared with that of culture and urinary antigen tests (UAT). Concordance, specificity, sensitivity and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) were calculated.
Results
Overall PCR detected eight additional LD cases, six of which were due to Legionella pneumophila (Lp) non-serogroup 1. The two real-time PCR assays were concordant in 99.4% of the samples. Considering in-house real-time PCR as the reference method, specificity of culture and UAT was 100% and 97.9% (95% CI: 96.2–99.6), while the sensitivity was 63.6% (95%CI: 58.6–68.6) and 77.8% (95% CI: 72.9–82.7). PPV and NPV for culture were 100% and 93.7% (95% CI: 91.2-96.3). PPV and NPV for UAT were 87.5% (95% CI: 83.6-91.4) and 95.8% (95% CI: 93.5-98.2).
Conclusion
Regardless of the real-time PCR assay used, it was possible to diagnose LD cases with higher sensitivity than using culture or UAT. These data encourage the adoption of PCR as routine laboratory testing to diagnose LD and such methods should be eligible to define a confirmed LD case.
5 Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex infections associated with contaminated octenidine mouthwash solution, Germany, August to September 2018
Eurosurveillance: Most Recent Articles, 18.10.2018
Tilføjet 19.10.2018 08:41
Sören L. Becker, Fabian K. Berger, Susanne K. Feldner, Irem Karliova, Manfred Haber, Alexander Mellmann, Hans-Joachim Schäfers and Barbara Gärtner
Three German patients developed nosocomial pneumonia after cardiac surgery and had Burkholderia cepacia complex detected in respiratory specimens. Two patients died of septic multi-organ failure. Whole-genome sequencing detected genetically identical B. cepacia complex strains in patient samples, from a batch of octenidine mouthwash solution, which had been used for nursing care, as well as in samples obtained from the manufacturer during production. Contamination of medical products during manufacturing may lead to international outbreaks.
6 PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza, human (04): Viet Nam, pneumonia cases susp., RFI
HealthMap Global Disease Alerts, 9.02.2019
Tilføjet 10.02.2019 01:33
7 PRO/AH/EDR> Pneumonia ovine - USA (05): (UT) bighorn sheep
HealthMap Global Disease Alerts, 14.01.2019
Tilføjet 14.01.2019 19:17
8 PRO/AH/EDR> Pneumonia, ovine - USA (04): (WY) wild ungulates, alert
HealthMap Global Disease Alerts, 10.10.2018
Tilføjet 10.10.2018 20:59
9 PRO/AH/EDR> Reverse zoonotic disease transmission, sea birds - Antarctica
HealthMap Global Disease Alerts, 14.12.2018
Tilføjet 14.12.2018 22:05
10 PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (18): Asia, co-Infections
HealthMap Global Disease Alerts, 20.09.2018
Tilføjet 21.09.2018 02:08
11 Stigning i legionella-tilfælde i 2017
Statens Serum Institut / Nyheder fra SSI, 7.11.2018
Tilføjet 07.11.2018 16:34
I 2017 blev 278 patienter med legionella-pneumoni rapporteret til Statens Serum Institut. Det er 65 % flere end året før.
Statens Serum Institut / EPI-NYT, 7.11.2018
Tilføjet 07.11.2018 21:13
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