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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, ingen søgeord valgt, emner højest 7 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
207 emner vises.
Isabel M. BarcelóMaria Escobar-SalomGabriel CabotPau Perelló-BauzàElena Jordana-LluchBiel TaltavullGabriel TorrensEstrella Rojo-MolineroLaura ZamoranoAstrid PérezAntonio OliverCarlos Juan1Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain2Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain3Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain4Department of Molecular Biology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden5National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, Laurent Poirel
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Jasantha Odayar, Jody Rusch, Joel A. Dave, Diederick J. Van Der Westhuizen, Elton Mukonda, Maia Lesosky, Landon Myer
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Kunlakanya Jitobaom, Paleerath Peerapen, Usa Boonyuen, Ittipat Meewan, Chompunuch Boonarkart, Thanyaporn Sirihongthong, Songkran Thongon, Visith Thongboonkerd, Prasert Auewarakul
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Mattia Trunfio, Bin Tang, Oluwakemi Okwuegbuna, Jennifer E. Iudicello, Ajay Bharti, David J. Moore, Benjamin B. Gelman, Susan Morgello, Payal B. Patel, Leah H. Rubin, Beau M. Ances, Sara Gianella, Robert K. Heaton, Ronald J. Ellis, Scott L. Letendre
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Mingzhu Huang, Tingting Cui, Siyi Liu, Xiaoling Su, Yuan Wang, Junxiang Wang, Jiaying Zhong, Jinpeng Cao, Xinyue Mei, Kaiyi Li, Qi Luo, Xi Sun, Li Cheng, Rui Wei, Zhuxiang Zhao, Zhongfang Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Florina Regele, Frederik Haupenthal, Konstantin Doberer, Irene Görzer, Sebastian Kapps, Robert Strassl, Gregor Bond
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Hu Zhang, Haitao Guo
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Yu‐Min Kuo, Chun‐Min Kang, Zhi‐Yun Lai, Ting‐Yu Huang, Shiang‐Jong Tzeng, Chih‐Chieh Hsu, Shey‐Ying Chen, Song‐Chou Hsieh, Jean‐San Chia, Chiau‐Jing Jung, Po‐Ren Hsueh
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Guanhua Zha, Zhiwei Chen, Na Wu, Tianquan Huang, Zhiling Deng, Dachuan Cai, Mingli Peng, Peng Hu, Hong Ren
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Dan Wu, Juan Wang, Qian Zeng, Ling Wang, Xin Lv
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Hadeel T. Zedan, Maria K. Smatti, Duaa W. Al‐Sadeq, Hebah A. Al Khatib, Eleonora Nicolai, Massimo Pieri, Sergio Bernardini, Ali Ait Hssain, Sara Taleb, Hamda Qotba, Khodr Issa, Laith J. Abu Raddad, Asmaa A. Althani, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Hadi M. Yassine
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Satoshi Miuma, Hisamitsu Miyaaki, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Toshihisa Matsuzaki, Takashi Goto, Yasuhiro Kamo, Masaya Shigeno, Naoyuki Hino, Keisuke Ario, Kenji Yanagi, Takuya Tsutsumi, Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Suguru Nakashiki, Kazufumi Yamasaki, Keisuke Hamasaki, Hidetaka Shibata, Kazuhiko Arima, Shinobu Yamamichi, Mio Yamashima, Kosuke Takahashi, Yasuhiko Nakao, Masanori Fukushima, Masafumi Haraguchi, Ryu Sasaki, Eisuke Ozawa, Naota Taura, Kazuhiko Nakao
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background Immunosuppressed individuals, including solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), are at high risk for severe COVID-19.Methods This open-label, phase 3b trial evaluated mRNA-1273 in 137 adult kidney and 77 liver SOTRs and 20 immunocompetent participants. In Part A, SOTRs received three 100-µg doses of mRNA-1273; immunocompetent participants received 2 doses. In Part B, an additional 100-µg dose was offered ≥4 months post-primary series. Here, we report interim trial results.Results mRNA-1273 was well-tolerated in SOTRs. Four serious adverse events were considered vaccine-related by the investigator in 3 SOTRs with pre-existing comorbidities. No vaccine-related biopsy-proven organ rejection events or deaths were reported. mRNA-1273 elicited modest neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses after dose 2 and improved responses after dose 3 in SOTRs. Post-dose 3 responses among liver SOTRs were comparable to post-dose 2 responses in immunocompetent participants. Post-additional dose responses were increased in SOTRs regardless of the primary series vaccination. In liver SOTRs, post-additional dose responses were ∼3-fold higher versus post-dose 2 but were lower than immunocompetent participant responses. Most kidney SOTRs received multiple immunosuppressants and had reduced antibody responses versus liver SOTRs.Conclusions mRNA-1273 (100 µg) was well-tolerated and dose 3 and the additional dose improved antibody responses among SOTRs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSylvia Mink, Heinz Drexel, Andreas Leiherer, Matthias Frick, Patrick Reimann, Christoph H. Saely, Peter Fraunberger
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background Vagococcal infections are extremely rare in humans. There are limited studies on the optimal methods for identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and clinical manifestations of vagococcal infections. Herein, we report a patient with a urinary tract infection who had Vagococcus fluvialis in the urine. Case presentation An 84-year-old man presented to our urology department with a fever that had persisted for several days. He previously worked as a zoo clerk. The patient underwent a left nephroureterectomy for ureteral cancer 5 years ago, and total cystectomy and right cutaneous ureterostomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer 1 year prior. He was empirically treated with 500 mg of levofloxacin intravenously every 24 h for the urinary tract infection. V. fluvialis was detected in his urine samples and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in his urine and blood samples. Two bacterial species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. He was administered intravenous levofloxacin for approximately 1 week, followed by oral levofloxacin for another week, after which the infections were eradicated. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of V. fluvialis detected in human urine in Japan. Vagococcus spp. is commonly isolated from fish or animals, and based on the patient’s work history, it is possible that the patient was a carrier because of transmission from animals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculous sepsis is uncommon in individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and some patients may not exhibit clinical signs and symptoms of suspected sepsis upon admission, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation This report present the case of a 60-year-old female patient who presented with erythema, edema, and pain in her right upper limb accompanied by fever and chills. Further evaluation revealed multiple intermuscular abscesses caused by suspected gram-positive bacteria. Despite receiving anti-infection treatment, the patient rapidly progressed to septic shock and respiratory failure. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis of blood samples detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex groups (11 reads). Additionally, mNGS analysis of fluid obtained from puncture of the abscess in the right upper extremity also suggested Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex groups (221 981 reads). Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with tuberculous sepsis resulting from hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Following the administration of anti-tuberculosis treatment, a gradual recovery was observed during the subsequent follow-up period. Conclusion It is noteworthy that atypical hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis can be prone to misdiagnosis or oversight, potentially leading to septic shock. This case illustrates the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis sepsis. Advanced diagnostic techniques such as mNGS can aid clinicians in the early identification of pathogens for definitive diagnosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Scedosporium apiospermum species complex are widely distributed fungi that can be found in a variety of polluted environments, including soil, sewage, and decaying vegetation. Those opportunistic pathogens with strong potential of invasion commonly affect immunosuppressed populations However, few cases of scedosporiosis are reported in immunocompetent individuals, who might be misdiagnosed, leading to a high mortality rate. Here, we reported an immunocompetent case of systemtic infection involved in lung, brain and spine, caused by S. apiospermum species complex (S. apiospermum and S. boydii). The patient was an elderly male with persistent fever and systemtic infection after near-drowning. In the two tertiary hospitals he visited, definite diagnosis was extremely difficult. After being admitted to our hospital, he was misdiagnosed as tuberculosis infection, before diagnosis of S. apiospermum species complex infection by the metagenomic next-generation sequencing. His symptoms were alleviated after voriconazole treatment. In the present case, the details associated with its course were reported and published studies on Scedosporium spp. infection were also reviewed, for a better understanding of this disease and reducing the misdiagnosis rate.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background There is a significant increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection reports in various countries. However, the trend of reinfection rate over time is not clear. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang for cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies up to March 16, 2023, to conduct a meta-analysis of global SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate. Subgroup analyses were performed for age, country, study type, and study population, and time-varying reinfection rates of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using meta-regression. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Result A total of 55 studies involving 111,846 cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection were included. The pooled SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate was 0.94% (95% CI: 0.65 -1.35%). In the subgroup analyses, there were statistically significant differences in the pooled reinfection rates by reinfection variant, and study type (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background Data on the characteristics of individuals with mild and asymptomatic infections with different SARS-CoV-2 variants are limited. We therefore compared the characteristics of individuals infected with ancestral, Beta and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants in South Africa. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in a rural and an urban site during July 2020-August 2021. Mid-turbinate nasal swabs were collected twice-weekly from household members irrespective of symptoms and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, shedding and cycle threshold (Ct) value of infection episodes by variant were evaluated using multinomial regression. Overall and age-specific incidence rates of infection were compared by variant. Results We included 1200 individuals from 222 households and 648 rRT-PCR-confirmed infection episodes (66, 10% ancestral, 260, 40% Beta, 322, 50% Delta). Symptomatic proportion was similar for ancestral (7, 11%), Beta (44, 17%), and Delta (46, 14%) infections (p=0.4). After accounting for previous infection, peak incidence shifted to younger age groups in successive waves (40-59 years ancestral, 19-39 years Beta, 13-18 years Delta). On multivariable analysis, compared to ancestral, Beta infection was more common in individuals aged 5-12 years (vs 19-39)(adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI)1.1-6.6) and PCR cycle threshold (Ct) value 35)(aOR 3.2, 95%CI 1.3-7.9), while Delta was more common in individuals aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background A dearth of studies showed that infectious diseases cause the majority of deaths among under-five children. Worldwide, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) continues to be the second most frequent cause of illness and mortality among children under the age of five. The paramount disease burden in developing nations, including Ethiopia, is still ARI. Objective This study aims to determine the magnitude and predictors of ARI among under-five children in Ethiopia using used state of the art machine learning algorithms. Methods Data for this study were derived from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. To predict the determinants of acute respiratory infections, we performed several experiments on ten machine learning algorithms (random forests, decision trees, support vector machines, Naïve Bayes, and K-nearest neighbors, Lasso regression, GBoost, XGboost), including one classic logistic regression model and an ensemble of the best performing models. The prediction ability of each machine-learning model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, precision-recall curves, and classification metrics. Results The total ARI prevalence rate among 9501 under-five children in Ethiopia was 7.2%, according to the findings of the study. The overall performance of the ensemble model of SVM, GBoost, and XGBoost showed an improved performance in classifying ARI cases with an accuracy of 86%, a sensitivity of 84.6%, and an AUC-ROC of 0.87. The highest performing predictive model (the ensemble model) showed that the child’s age, history of diarrhea, wealth index, type of toilet, mother’s educational level, number of living children, mother’s occupation, and type of fuel they used were an important predicting factor for acute respiratory infection among under-five children. Conclusion The intricate web of factors contributing to ARI among under-five children was identified using an advanced machine learning algorithm. The child’s age, history of diarrhea, wealth index, and type of toilet were among the top factors identified using the ensemble model that registered a performance of 86% accuracy. This study stands as a testament to the potential of advanced data-driven methodologies in unraveling the complexities of ARI in low-income settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background Dolutegravir is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor that has been recommended for use in first-line antiretroviral regimens by the World Health Organisation and is currently being rolled out globally. There has been safety concerns with dolutegravir which has caused concern about its use in the general population. Dolutegravir first-line regimens have been used in South Africa since early 2020. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of first-line dolutegravir-based antiretrovirals amongst adults living with HIV in Durban, South Africa. Methods This was a mixed-methods study, which comprised a cross-sectional survey and longitudinal retrospective follow-up of medical records. The study was conducted between October 2020 and January 2022. Data were described using descriptive and summary statistics. Bivariate logistic regression was applied to socio-demographic and clinical variables and crude odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. Pearson chi-square tests, paired sample T-tests, and cross-tabulations were performed on selected variables. Results A total of 461 participants were enrolled in the study. There was a significant change in immunological outcomes (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background Genetic variation underly inter-individual variation in host immune responses to infectious diseases, and may affect susceptibility or the course of signs and symptoms. Methods We performed genome-wide association studies in a prospective cohort of 1138 patients with physician-confirmed Lyme borreliosis (LB), the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Genome-wide variants in LB patients—divided into a discovery and validation cohort—were compared to two healthy cohorts. Additionally, ex vivo monocyte-derived cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to several stimuli including Borrelia burgdorferi were performed in both LB patient and healthy control samples, as were stimulation experiments using mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. In addition, for LB patients, anti-Borrelia antibody responses were measured. Finally, in a subset of LB patients, gene expression was analysed using RNA-sequencing data from the ex vivo stimulation experiments. Results We identified a previously unknown genetic variant, rs1061632, that was associated with enhanced LB susceptibility. This polymorphism was an eQTL for KCTD20 and ETV7 genes, and its major risk allele was associated with upregulation of the mTOR pathway and cytokine responses, and lower anti-Borrelia antibody production. In addition, we replicated the recently reported SCGB1D2 locus that was suggested to have a protective effect on B. burgdorferi infection, and associated this locus with higher Borrelia burgdorferi antibody indexes and lower IL-10 responses. Conclusions Susceptibility for LB was associated with higher anti-inflammatory responses and reduced anti-Borrelia antibody production, which in turn may negatively impact bacterial clearance. These findings provide important insights into the immunogenetic susceptibility for LB and may guide future studies on development of preventive or therapeutic measures. Trial registration The LymeProspect study was registered with the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (NTR4998, registration date 2015–02-13).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuirgis, Faheem W.; Black, Lauren Page; Henson, Morgan; Bertrand, Andrew; DeVos, Elizabeth; Ferreira, Jason; Gao, Hanzhi; Wu, Samuel S.; Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan; Moldawer, Lyle; Moore, Frederick; Reddy, Srinivasa T.
Critical Care Medicine, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Objectives: Low cholesterol levels in early sepsis patients are associated with mortality. We sought to test if IV lipid emulsion administration to sepsis patients with low cholesterol levels would prevent a decline or increase total cholesterol levels at 48 hours. Design: Phase II, adaptive, randomized pilot clinical trial powered for 48 patients. Setting: Emergency department or ICU of an academic medical center. Patients: Sepsis patients (first 24 hr) with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment greater than or equal to 4 or shock. Interventions: Patients meeting study criteria, including screening total cholesterol levels less than or equal to 100 mg/dL or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) + low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) less than or equal to 70 mg/dL, were randomized to receive one of three doses of lipid emulsion administered twice in 48 hours or no drug (controls). The primary endpoint was a change in serum total cholesterol (48 hr – enrollment) between groups. Measurements and Main Results: Forty-nine patients were enrolled and randomized. Two patients randomized to lipid emulsion were withdrawn before drug administration. Data for 24 control patients and 23 lipid emulsion patients were analyzed. The mean change in total cholesterol from enrollment to 48 hours was not different between groups and was 5 mg/dL (sd 20) for lipid emulsion patients, and 2 mg/dL (sd 18) for control patients (p = 0.62). The mean changes in HDL-C and LDL-C were similar between groups. Mean change in triglycerides was elevated in lipid emulsion patients (61 mg/dL, sd 87) compared with controls (20 mg/dL, sd 70, p = 0.086). The 48-hour change in SOFA score was –2 (interquartile range [IQR] –4, –1) for control patients and –2 (IQR –3, 0) for lipid emulsion patients (p = 0.46). Conclusions: Administration of IV lipid emulsion to early sepsis patients with low cholesterol levels did not influence change in cholesterol levels from enrollment to 48 hours.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMagnus Hallas-Mølle, Meike Burow, Bernard Henrissat, Katja Salomon Johansen
Trends in Microbiology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
While the opportunistic human pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are often isolated from plants and plant-related material, evidence suggests that these Cryptococcus species do not directly infect plants. Studies find that plants are important for Cryptococcus mating and dispersal. However, these studies have not provided enough detail about how plants and these fungi interact, especially in ways that could show the fungi are capable of causing disease. This review synthesizes recent findings from studies utilizing different plant models associated with the ecology of C. neoformans and C. gattii. Unanswered questions about their environmental role are highlighted. Overall, current research indicates that Cryptococcus utilizes plants as a substrate rather than harming them, arguing against Cryptococcus as a genuine plant pathogen. We hypothesize that plants represent reservoirs that aid dispersal, not hosts vulnerable to infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Datathon 2022 Consortium:, Stephanie D. Jurburg, María J. Álvarez Blanco, Antonis Chatzinotas, Anahita Kazem, Birgitta König-Ries, Doreen Babin, Kornelia Smalla, Victoria Cerecetto, Gabriela Fernandez-Gnecco, Fernanda Covacevich, Emilce Viruel, Yesica Bernaschina, Carolina Leoni, Silvia Garaycochea, Jose A. Terra, Pablo Fresia, Eva Lucía Margarita Figuerola, Luis Gabriel Wall, Julieta Mariana Covelli, Ana Carolina Agnello, Esteban Emanuel Nieto, Sabrina Festa, Lina Edith Dominici, Marco Allegrini, María Celina Zabaloy, Marianela Estefanía Morales, Leonardo Erijman, Anahi Coniglio, Fabricio Dario Cassán, Sofia Nievas, Diego M. Roldán, Rodolfo Menes, Patricia Vaz Jauri, Carla Silva Marrero, Adriana Montañez Massa, María Adelina Morel Revetria, Ana Fernández-Scavino, Luciana Pereira-Mora, Soledad Martínez, Juan Pablo Frene
Trends in Microbiology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Approaches to rapidly collecting global biodiversity data are increasingly important, but biodiversity blind spots persist. We organized a three-day Datathon event to improve the openness of local biodiversity data and facilitate data reuse by local researchers. The first Datathon, organized among microbial ecologists in Uruguay and Argentina assembled the largest microbiome dataset in the region to date and formed collaborative consortia for microbiome data synthesis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet
Lancet, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
The past 5 years in Europe have been characterised by crisis. Long-standing Euroscepticism culminated in the UK\'s exit of the EU in 2020. Europe was unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, which pushed even the best health systems to their limits, resulting in the deaths of more than 1·1 million people in the European Union (EU). In 2022, peace in Europe ended abruptly with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The war has so far killed more than 10 000 Ukrainian civilians, destroyed cities, and sparked mass migration, as well as precipitated an energy crisis across Europe.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTalha Burki
Lancet, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
A phase 3 study of M72/AS01E has begun in South Africa, hoping to support the first new vaccine for tuberculosis since BCG. By Talha Burki.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGeoff Watts
Lancet, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
“What I like about being a physician–scientist is that when you see people every day in clinic, and you\'re reminded of immense need, you also know that through research you can design and implement solutions that help to address some of the challenges”, says Andrew Kerkhoff. As Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA, USA, Kerkhoff is well placed to tackle the challenges posed by tuberculosis, the infection which, along with HIV, has been the focus of his career.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRuben E Verwaal
Lancet, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
“I\'m still reluctant to show my hearing impairment with pins and signs”, 66-year-old Henk van Rees admitted when he took part in one of my project focus groups. As part of this research I had organised online conversations about lived experiences of Deafness and hardness of hearing (DHH), with the support of speech-to-text and sign language interpreters. The participants in this particular group all used cochlear implants, but they recognised the desire to keep their hearing aids hidden from view.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMagnus Ochoge, Ahmed Cherno Futa, Ama Umesi, Lucy Affleck, Larry Kotei, Baboucarr Daffeh, Ebrima Saidy-Jah, Anna Njie, Oluwafemi Oyadiran, Bassey Edem, Musa Jallow, Edrissa Jallow, Simon A Donkor, Erman Tritama, Talha Abid, Kathryn A V Jones, Bernardo A Mainou, John O Konz, Alan Fix, Chris Gast, Ed Clarke
Lancet, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
nOPV2 was immunogenic and safe in infants and young children in The Gambia. The data support the licensure and WHO prequalification of nOPV2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichael Dolinger, Joana Torres, Severine Vermeire
Lancet, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Crohn\'s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that might lead to progressive bowel damage and disability. The exact cause of Crohn\'s disease is unknown, but evidence points towards multifactorial events causing dysregulation of the innate immune system in genetically susceptible people. Commonly affecting the terminal ileum and proximal colon, Crohn\'s disease inflammation is often discontinuous and patchy, segmental, and transmural. Identification of characteristic findings on ileocolonoscopy and histology remains the diagnostic gold standard, but complete assessment involves laboratory abnormalities, including micronutrient deficiencies, cross-sectional imaging to identify transmural disease extent, severity and complications, and a psychosocial assessment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHamideh Parhiz, Elena N Atochina-Vasserman, Drew Weissman
Lancet, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Recent advances in mRNA technology and its delivery have enabled mRNA-based therapeutics to enter a new era in medicine. The rapid, potent, and transient nature of mRNA-encoded proteins, without the need to enter the nucleus or the risk of genomic integration, makes them desirable tools for treatment of a range of diseases, from infectious diseases to cancer and monogenic disorders. The rapid pace and ease of mass-scale manufacturability of mRNA-based therapeutics supported the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNature, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Viriya Hantrakun, Ranjani Somayaji, Prapit Teparrukkul, Chaiyaporn Boonsri, Kristina Rudd, Nicholas P. J. Day, T. Eoin West, Direk Limmathurotsakul
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Viriya Hantrakun, Ranjani Somayaji, Prapit Teparrukkul, Chaiyaporn Boonsri, Kristina Rudd, Nicholas P. J. Day, T. Eoin West, Direk Limmathurotsakul
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDong Hun Lee, Su Hwa Lee, Ah Ra Kim, Fu Shi Quan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Torahiko Okubo, Eriko Nozaki, Takako Osaki
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Torahiko Okubo, Eriko Nozaki, Takako Osaki We previously reported that variations in the number and type of bacteria found in public spaces are influenced by environmental factors. However, based on field survey data alone, whether the dynamics of bacteria in the air change as a result of a single environmental factor or multiple factors working together remains unclear. To address this, mathematical modeling may be applied. We therefore conducted a reanalysis of the previously acquired data using principal component analysis (PCA) in conjunction with a generalized linear model (Glm2) and a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) test employing the χ2 distribution. The data used for the analysis were reused from a previous public environmental survey conducted at 8:00–20:00 on May 2, June 1, and July 5, 2016 (regular sampling) and at 5:50–7:50 and 20:15–24:15 on July 17, 2017 (baseline sampling) in the Sapporo underground walking space, a 520-meter-long underground walkway. The dataset consisted of 60 samples (22 samples for “bacterial flora”), including variables such as “temperature (T),” “humidity (H),” “atmospheric pressure (A),” “traffic pedestrians (TP),” “number of inorganic particles (Δ5: 1–5 μm),” “number of live airborne bacteria,” and “bacterial flora.” Our PCA with these environmental factors (T, H, A, and TP) revealed that the 60 samples could be categorized into four groups (G1 to G4), primarily based on variations in PC1 [Loadings: T(˗0.62), H(˗0.647), TP(0.399), A(0.196)] and PC2 [Loadings: A(˗0.825), TP(0.501), H(0.209), T(˗0.155)]. Notably, the number of inorganic particles significantly increased from G4 to G1, but the count of live bacteria was highest in G2, with no other clear pattern. Further analysis with Glm2 indicated that changes in inorganic particles could largely be explained by two variables (H/TP), while live bacteria levels were influenced by all explanatory variables (TP/A/H/T). ANOVA tests confirmed that inorganic particles and live bacteria were influenced by different factors. Moreover, there were minimal changes in bacterial flora observed among the groups (G1–G4). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the dynamics of live bacteria in the underground walkway differ from those of inorganic particles and are regulated in a complex manner by multiple environmental factors. This discovery may contribute to improving public health in urban settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYiming Li, Jianfu Li, Jianping He, Cui Tao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Yiming Li, Jianfu Li, Jianping He, Cui Tao Though Vaccines are instrumental in global health, mitigating infectious diseases and pandemic outbreaks, they can occasionally lead to adverse events (AEs). Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in effectively identifying and cataloging AEs within clinical reports. Utilizing data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1990 to 2016, this study particularly focuses on AEs to evaluate LLMs’ capability for AE extraction. A variety of prevalent LLMs, including GPT-2, GPT-3 variants, GPT-4, and Llama2, were evaluated using Influenza vaccine as a use case. The fine-tuned GPT 3.5 model (AE-GPT) stood out with a 0.704 averaged micro F1 score for strict match and 0.816 for relaxed match. The encouraging performance of the AE-GPT underscores LLMs’ potential in processing medical data, indicating a significant stride towards advanced AE detection, thus presumably generalizable to other AE extraction tasks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDomonkos Pogány, Péter Antal
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Domonkos Pogány, Péter Antal Given the prolonged timelines and high costs associated with traditional approaches, accelerating drug development is crucial. Computational methods, particularly drug-target interaction prediction, have emerged as efficient tools, yet the explainability of machine learning models remains a challenge. Our work aims to provide more interpretable interaction prediction models using similarity-based prediction in a latent space aligned to biological hierarchies. We investigated integrating drug and protein hierarchies into a joint-embedding drug-target latent space via embedding regularization by conducting a comparative analysis between models employing traditional flat Euclidean vector spaces and those utilizing hyperbolic embeddings. Besides, we provided a latent space analysis as an example to show how we can gain visual insights into the trained model with the help of dimensionality reduction. Our results demonstrate that hierarchy regularization improves interpretability without compromising predictive performance. Furthermore, integrating hyperbolic embeddings, coupled with regularization, enhances the quality of the embedded hierarchy trees. Our approach enables a more informed and insightful application of interaction prediction models in drug discovery by constructing an interpretable hyperbolic latent space, simultaneously incorporating drug and target hierarchies and pairing them with available interaction information. Moreover, compatible with pairwise methods, the approach allows for additional transparency through existing explainable AI solutions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLe-Yan Hu, An-Qi Cai, Bo Li, Zheng Li, Jian-Ping Liu, Hui-Juan Cao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Le-Yan Hu, An-Qi Cai, Bo Li, Zheng Li, Jian-Ping Liu, Hui-Juan Cao Background Fatigue is a common symptom after viral infection. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is thought to be a potential effective intervention in relieving fatigue. Purpose To assess the effectiveness and safety of CHM for the treatment of post-viral fatigue. Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods The protocol of this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022380356). Trials reported changes of fatigue symptom, which compared CHM to no treatment, placebo or drugs, were included. Six electronic databases and three clinical trial registration platforms were searched from inception to November 2023. Literature screening, data extraction, and risk bias assessment were independently carried out by two reviewers. Quality of the included trials was evaluated using Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4, mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for estimate effect of continuous data. Heterogeneity among trials was assessed through I2 value. Results Overall, nineteen studies with 1921 patients were included. Results of individual trial or meta-analysis showed that CHM was better than no treatment (MD = -0.80 scores, 95%CI -1.43 to -0.17 scores, P = 0.01, 60 participants, 1 trial), placebo (MD = -1.90 scores, 95%CI -2.38 to -1.42 scores, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlvaro Torres-Huerta, Katelyn Ruley-Haase, Theodore Reed, Antonia Boger-May, Derek Rubadeux, Lauren Mayer, Arpitha Mysore Rajashekara, Morgan Hiller, Madeleine Frech, Connor Roncagli, Cameron Pedersen, Mary Catherine Camacho, Lauren Hollmer, Lauren English, Grace Kane, David L. Boone
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Alvaro Torres-Huerta, Katelyn Ruley-Haase, Theodore Reed, Antonia Boger-May, Derek Rubadeux, Lauren Mayer, Arpitha Mysore Rajashekara, Morgan Hiller, Madeleine Frech, Connor Roncagli, Cameron Pedersen, Mary Catherine Camacho, Lauren Hollmer, Lauren English, Grace Kane, David L. Boone Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from uncontrolled inflammation in the intestinal mucosa leading to damage and loss of function. Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the inflammation of IBD and innate and adaptive immune cells reciprocally activate each other in a forward feedback loop. In order to better understand innate immune contributions to IBD, we developed a model of spontaneous 100% penetrant, early onset colitis that occurs in the absence of adaptive immunity by crossing villin-TNFAIP3 mice to RAG1-/- mice (TRAG mice). This model is driven by microbes and features increased levels of innate lymphoid cells in the intestinal mucosa. To investigate the role of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the innate colitis of TRAG mice, we crossed them to retinoid orphan receptor gamma t deficient (Rorγt-/-) mice. Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice exhibited markedly reduced eosinophilia in the colonic mucosa, but colitis persisted in these mice. Colitis in Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice was characterized by increased infiltration of the intestinal mucosa by neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, macrophages and other innate cells. RNA and cellular profiles of Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice were consistent with a lack of ILC3 and ILC3 derived cytokines, reduced antimicrobial factors, increased activation oof epithelial repair processes and reduced activation of epithelial cell STAT3. The colitis in Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice was ameliorated by antibiotic treatment indicating that microbes contribute to the ILC3-independent colitis of these mice. Together, these gene expression and cell signaling signatures reflect the double-edged sword of ILC3 in the intestine, inducing both proinflammatory and antimicrobial protective responses. Thus, Rorγt promotes eosinophilia but Rorγt and Rorγt-dependent ILC3 are dispensable for the innate colitis in TRAG mice.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCostanza Vicentini, Enrico Ricchizzi, Antonino Russotto, Stefano Bazzolo, Catia Bedosti, Valentina Blengini, Dario Ceccarelli, Elisa Fabbri, Dario Gamba, Anna Maddaleno, Edoardo Rolfini, Margherita Tancredi, Carla Maria Zotti
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Costanza Vicentini, Enrico Ricchizzi, Antonino Russotto, Stefano Bazzolo, Catia Bedosti, Valentina Blengini, Dario Ceccarelli, Elisa Fabbri, Dario Gamba, Anna Maddaleno, Edoardo Rolfini, Margherita Tancredi, Carla Maria Zotti Introduction Residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are a population at high risk of developing severe healthcare associated infections (HAIs). In the assessment of HAIs in acute-care hospitals, selection bias can occur due to cases being over-represented: patients developing HAIs usually have longer lengths of stays compared to controls, and therefore have an increased probability of being sampled in PPS, leading to an overestimation of HAI prevalence. Our hypothesis was that in LTCFs, the opposite may occur: residents developing HAIs either may have a greater chance of being transferred to acute-care facilities or of dying, and therefore could be under-represented in PPS, leading to an underestimation of HAI prevalence. Our aim was to test this hypothesis by comparing HAI rates obtained through longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. Methods Results from two studies conducted simultaneously in four LTCFs in Italy were compared: a longitudinal study promoted by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC, HALT4 longitudinal study, H4LS), and a PPS. Prevalence was estimated from the PPS and converted into incidence per year using an adapted version of the Rhame and Sudderth formula proposed by the ECDC. Differences between incidence rates calculated from the PPS results and obtained from H4LS were investigated using the Byar method for rate ratio (RR). Results On the day of the PPS, HAI prevalence was 1.47% (95% confidence interval, CI 0.38–3.97), whereas the H4LS incidence rate was 3.53 per 1000 patient-days (PDs, 95% CI 2.99–4.08). Conversion of prevalence rates obtained through the PPS into incidence using the ECDC formula resulted in a rate of 0.86 per 1000 PDs (95% CI 0–2.68). Comparing the two rates, a RR of 0.24 (95% CI 0.03–2.03, p 0.1649) was found. Conclusions This study did not find significant differences between HAI incidence estimates obtained from a longitudinal study and through conversion from PPS data. Results of this study support the validity of the ECDC method.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWilliam Toppen, Nam Yong Cho, Sohail Sareh, Anders Kjellberg, Anthony Medak, Peyman Benharash, Peter Lindholm
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by William Toppen, Nam Yong Cho, Sohail Sareh, Anders Kjellberg, Anthony Medak, Peyman Benharash, Peter Lindholm Background The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) is mainly based on small retrospective studies. A previous study using the 1998–2009 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) found HBOT to be associated with decreased mortality in NSTI. Given the argument of advancements in critical care, we aimed to investigate the continued role of HBOT in NSTI. Methods The 2012–2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried for NSTI admissions who received surgery. 60,481 patients between 2012–2020 were included, 600 (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClaudia von Montfort, Elif Aplak, Lara Ebbert, Chantal-Kristin Wenzel, Niklas P. Klahm, Wilhelm Stahl, Peter Brenneisen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Claudia von Montfort, Elif Aplak, Lara Ebbert, Chantal-Kristin Wenzel, Niklas P. Klahm, Wilhelm Stahl, Peter Brenneisen Background Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with a rather poor prognosis. Standard chemotherapy often results in severe side effects on normal (healthy) cells finally being difficult to tolerate for the patients. Shown by us earlier, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP, nanoceria) selectively killed A375 melanoma cells while not being cytotoxic at identical concentrations on non-cancerous cells. In conclusion, the redox-active CNP exhibited both prooxidative as well as antioxidative properties. In that context, CNP induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the studied melanoma cells via generation of reactive oxygene species (primarily hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), but that does not account for 100% of the toxicity. Aim Cancer cells often show an increased glycolytic rate (Warburg effect), therefore we focused on CNP mediated changes of the glucose metabolism. Results It has been shown before that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity is regulated via oxidation of a cysteine in the active center of the enzyme with a subsequent loss of activity. Upon CNP treatment, formation of cellular lactate and GAPDH activity were significantly lowered. The treatment of melanoma cells and melanocytes with the GAPDH inhibitor heptelidic acid (HA) decreased viability to a much higher extent in the cancer cells than in the studied normal (healthy) cells, highlighting and supporting the important role of GAPDH in cancer cells. Conclusion We identified glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a target protein for CNP mediated thiol oxidation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohamed Yacin Sikkandar, Maryam M. Alhashim, Ahmad Alassaf, Ibrahim AlMohimeed, Khalid Alhussaini, Adham Aleid, Murad J. Almutairi, Salem H. Alshammari, Yasser N. Asiri, S. Sabarunisha Begum
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar, Maryam M. Alhashim, Ahmad Alassaf, Ibrahim AlMohimeed, Khalid Alhussaini, Adham Aleid, Murad J. Almutairi, Salem H. Alshammari, Yasser N. Asiri, S. Sabarunisha Begum Scoliosis is a medical condition in which a person’s spine has an abnormal curvature and Cobb angle is a measurement used to evaluate the severity of a spinal curvature. Presently, automatic Existing Cobb angle measurement techniques require huge dataset, time-consuming, and needs significant effort. So, it is important to develop an unsupervised method for the measurement of Cobb angle with good accuracy. In this work, an unsupervised local center of mass (LCM) technique is proposed to segment the spine region and further novel Cobb angle measurement method is proposed for accurate measurement. Validation of the proposed method was carried out on 2D X-ray images from the Saudi Arabian population. Segmentation results were compared with GMM-Based Hidden Markov Random Field (GMM-HMRF) segmentation method based on sensitivity, specificity, and dice score. Based on the findings, it can be observed that our proposed segmentation method provides an overall accuracy of 97.3% whereas GMM-HMRF has an accuracy of 89.19%. Also, the proposed method has a higher dice score of 0.54 compared to GMM-HMRF. To further evaluate the effectiveness of the approach in the Cobb angle measurement, the results were compared with Senior Scoliosis Surgeon at Multispecialty Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The findings indicated that the segmentation of the scoliotic spine was nearly flawless, and the Cobb angle measurements obtained through manual examination by the expert and the algorithm were nearly identical, with a discrepancy of only ± 3 degrees. Our proposed method can pave the way for accurate spinal segmentation and Cobb angle measurement among scoliosis patients by reducing observers’ variability.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTobias Weirauch, Gerrit Burger, Dániel Cadar, Martin Gabriel, Julia Koepsell, Gundolf Schüttfort, Philipp de Leuw, Markus Bickel, Maria J.G.T. Vehreschild, Timo Wolf, Nils Wetzstein
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
Yellow fever (YF) is a potentially lethal viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted to humans by Haemagogous and Aedes spp., (mainly Aedes aegypti). The risk of a YF infection for unvaccinated people during a two week stay in West Africa is about 50:100.000 and 5:100.000 in South America. Case fatality rates reach up to 40-60% in South America but are estimated at 20% in Africa [1]. The 17D live attenuated YF vaccine, which was developed in 1937 by Max Theiler, proved to be a highly effective method in preventing an outbreak of the symptomatic disease, but can also cause severe adverse reactions like YF vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) or YF vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedReem M. Alameer, Amani Yamani, Abdulrahman Al-Saud, Sultan Alsobayeg, Bayan Alamro, Alaa Alali, Ehab Hammad, Ali M. Shendi, Reem S. Almaghrabi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
Before 2022, mpox was a rare disease that belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus [1]. The first human case was reported in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo [2]. In May 2022, a surge of mpox cases was noted in non-endemic countries leading to the world health organization (WHO) declaring a global outbreak among humans [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYue Yat Harrison Cheung, Eric Ho Yin Lau, Guosheng Yin, Yun Lin, Jialiang Jiang, Benjamin John Cowling, Kwok Fai Lam
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
As of July 26th, 2023, the novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), has caused more than 768 million confirmed infection cases of COVID-19, resulting in over 6.9 million associated fatalities globally [1]. Over the course of the long battle with the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccinations [2-3] and oral antivirals [4-5] have been developed to contain the spread of the disease and reduce the risk of developing severe conditions. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the “gold standard” [6] of identifying the causal effects of COVID-19 vaccinations and oral antivirals, they have the limitations of short observational periods [7], and sometimes, limited sample sizes [8].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSophie Edouard, Céline Boschi, Philippe Colson, Matthieu Million, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Bernard La Scola, Florence Fenollar
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
Human monkeypox, a previously rare viral zoonosis, predominantly endemic to central and western Africa, emerged in May 2022 in non-endemic countries [1]. Initially confirmed in England [2], human autochthonous cases spread across 113 countries around the world, including 106 countries which had never previously reported monkeypox virus (MPXV) (https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/response/2022/world-map.html). Nearly 26,000 cases have been reported in Europe (https://monkeypoxreport.ecdc.europa.eu/).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWeili Wang, Yangyang Wang, Yuntao Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xueli Bai, Qi Zhang, Tingbo Liang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
Fungal bloodstream infection (fBSI) is a severe systemic infection, and it ranks among the leading causes of mortality following liver transplantation, with reported mortality rates ranging from 7% to 42%[1, 2]. The prevention of fungal infection is of paramount importance, given the devastating impact they can have on post-transplantation outcomes. Currently, antifungal prophylaxis for patients underwent liver transplantation remains controversial. Some studies advocate for universal prophylaxis, with nearly 30% of liver transplantation centers in North America adopting this approach[3, 4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024