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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (corona) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Background The diagnostic assay leveraging multiple reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) could meet the requirements for rapid nucleic acid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods The devised assay merged the lateral flow assay with the RT-LAMP technology and designed specific primers for the simultaneous detection of the target and human-derived internal reference genes within a single reaction. An inquiry into the assay\'s limit of detection (LOD), sensitivity, and specificity was carried out. The effectiveness of this assay was validated using 498 clinical specimens. Results This LOD of the assay was determined to be 500 copies/mL, and there was no observed cross-reaction with other respiratory pathogens. The detection results derived from clinical specimens showed substantial concordance with those from real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) (Cohen\'s kappa, 0.876; 95% CI: 0.833-0.919; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted multiple health services, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, care, and treatment services, jeopardizing the achievement of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 global target. While there are limited studies assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Latin America, there are none, to our knowledge, in Venezuela. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among PLHIV seen at the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in Venezuela. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 18 years and over seen at the Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela between March 2021 and February 2022. Results A total of 238 PLHIV were included in the study. The median age was 43 (IQR 31–55) years, and the majority were male (68.9%). Most patients (88.2%, n = 210) came for routine check-ups, while 28 (11.3%) were newly diagnosed. The majority of patients (96.1%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but only 67.8% had a viral load test, with almost all (95.6%) being undetectable. Among those who attended regular appointments, 11.9% reported missing at least one medical consultation, and 3.3% reported an interruption in their ART refill. More than half of the patients (55.5%) had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while the rest expressed hesitancy to get vaccinated. Most patients with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were male (65.1%), younger than 44 years (57.5%), employed (47.2%), and had been diagnosed with HIV for less than one year (33%). However, no statistically significant differences were found between vaccinated patients and those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Older age was a risk factor for missing consultations, while not having an alcoholic habit was identified as a protective factor against missing consultations. Conclusion This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on adherence to medical consultations and interruptions in ART among PLHIV seen at the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Background The Omicron wave of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains the dominant strain worldwide. The studies of nutritional status in geriatric people with COVID-19 Omicron variant are limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of poor nutritional status among Omicron infected older patients, and to explore the correlation between the nutritional status and the severity of Omicron infection in older patients. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. According to the clinical symptoms, patients were divided into two groups: mild and moderate to severe. Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form (MNA-SF) was conducted when patients were admitted and poor nutritional status was defined as MNA-SF score of 0–11. The inflammatory markers including neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammatory index (SII) were calculated and compared between two groups. Results Total of 324 patients were enrolled, with median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of 73 (17) years. Overall, 241 cases were mild, 83 cases were moderate to severe at the time of diagnosis and that 54.3% of patients had poor nutritional status. Patients with poor nutritional status were found to be older (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
Abstract Definitive data demonstrating the utility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) for treating immunocompromised patients remains elusive. To better understand the mechanism of action of CCP, we studied viral replication and disease progression in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected hamsters treated with CCP obtained from recovered COVID-19 patients that were also vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine, hereafter referred to as Vaxplas. Vaxplas transiently enhanced disease severity and lung pathology in hamsters treated near peak viral replication due to immune complex and activated complement deposition in pulmonary endothelium, and recruitment of M1 proinflammatory macrophages into the lung parenchyma. However, aside from one report, transient enhanced disease has not been reported in CCP recipient patients, and the transient enhanced disease in Vaxplas hamsters may have been due to mismatched species IgG-FcR interactions, infusion timing, or other experimental factors. Despite transient disease enhancement, Vaxplas dramatically reduced virus replication in lungs and improved infection outcome in SARS-CoV-2–infected hamsters.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPedrana, A., Bowring, A., Heath, K., Thomas, A. J., Wilkinson, A., Fletcher-Lartey, S., Saich, F., Munari, S., Oliver, J., Merner, B., Altermatt, A., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, L., Young, K., Kerr, P., Osborne, D., Kwong, E. J. L., Corona, M. V., Ke, T., Zhang, Y., Eisa, L., Al-Qassas, A., Malith, D., Davis, A., Gibbs, L., Block, K., Horyniak, D., Wallace, J., Power, R., Vadasz, D., Ryan, R., Shearer, F., Homer, C., Collie, A., Meagher, N., Danchin, M., Kaufman, J., Wang, P., Hassani, A., Sadewo, G. R. P., Robins, G., Gallagher, C., Matous, P., Roden, B., Karkavandi, M. A., Coutinho, J., Broccatelli, C., Koskinen, J., Curtis, S., Doyle, J. S., Geard, N., Hill, S., Coelho, A., Scott, N., Lusher, D., Stoove, M. A., Gibney, K. B., Hellard, M.
BMJ Open, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
IntroductionLongitudinal studies can provide timely and accurate information to evaluate and inform COVID-19 control and mitigation strategies and future pandemic preparedness. The Optimise Study is a multidisciplinary research platform established in the Australian state of Victoria in September 2020 to collect epidemiological, social, psychological and behavioural data from priority populations. It aims to understand changing public attitudes, behaviours and experiences of COVID-19 and inform epidemic modelling and support responsive government policy. Methods and analysisThis protocol paper describes the data collection procedures for the Optimise Study, an ongoing longitudinal cohort of ~1000 Victorian adults and their social networks. Participants are recruited using snowball sampling with a set of seeds and two waves of snowball recruitment. Seeds are purposively selected from priority groups, including recent COVID-19 cases and close contacts and people at heightened risk of infection and/or adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection and/or public health measures. Participants complete a schedule of monthly quantitative surveys and daily diaries for up to 24 months, plus additional surveys annually for up to 48 months. Cohort participants are recruited for qualitative interviews at key time points to enable in-depth exploration of people’s lived experiences. Separately, community representatives are invited to participate in community engagement groups, which review and interpret research findings to inform policy and practice recommendations. Ethics and disseminationThe Optimise longitudinal cohort and qualitative interviews are approved by the Alfred Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (# 333/20). The Optimise Study CEG is approved by the La Trobe University Human Ethics Committee (# HEC20532). All participants provide informed verbal consent to enter the cohort, with additional consent provided prior to any of the sub studies. Study findings will be disseminated through public website (https://optimisecovid.com.au/study-findings/) and through peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration numberNCT05323799.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBarbara Kosińska-Selbi, Justyna Kowalczyk, Jagoda Pierscińska, Jarosław Wełeszczuk, Luis Peñarrubia, Benjamin Turner, Josep Pareja, Roberto Porco, Rubi Diaz-Hernandez, Martí Juanola-Falgarona, Melisa Rey, Davide Manissero, Anna Blacha
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
by Barbara Kosińska-Selbi, Justyna Kowalczyk, Jagoda Pierscińska, Jarosław Wełeszczuk, Luis Peñarrubia, Benjamin Turner, Josep Pareja, Roberto Porco, Rubi Diaz-Hernandez, Martí Juanola-Falgarona, Melisa Rey, Davide Manissero, Anna Blacha Objective The speed at which Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mutating has made it necessary to frequently assess how these genomic changes impact the performance of diagnostic real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Herein, we describe a generic three-step workflow to assess the effect of genomic mutations on inclusivity and sensitivity of RT-PCR assays. Methods Sequences collected from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) were mapped to a SARS-CoV-2 reference genome to evaluate the position and prevalence of mismatches in the oligonucleotide-binding sites of the QIAstat-Dx, an RT-PCR panel designed to detect SARS-CoV-2. The frequency of mutations and their impact on melting temperature were assessed, and sequences flagged by risk-based criteria were examined in vitro. Results Out of 8,900,393 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences analyzed, only 173 (0.0019%) genomes contained potentially critical mutations for the QIAstat-Dx; follow-up in-vitro testing confirmed no impact on the assays’ performance. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants do not affect the performance of the QIAstat-Dx device. It is recommended that manufacturers incorporate this workflow into obligatory post-marketing surveillance activities, as this approach could potentially enhance genetic monitoring of their product.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaciej Koscielniak, Dorota Marciniak, Dariusz Doliński
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Maciej Koscielniak, Dorota Marciniak, Dariusz Doliński Previous laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the dishonesty of commercial transaction participants may depend on subtle cues. In this field study conducted on a sample of 216 shop assistants in Poland, we planned to demonstrate that coronavirus disease-related factors could result in an increased propensity for dishonesty among shop assistants. This investigation is unique in its application of social psychological theories to illuminate hitherto unexplored side effects of combating the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our supposition was that the potential detriment encountered by individuals wearing solid surgical masks would involve being viewed as more abstract and remote, thereby heightening the likelihood of being deceived by a vendor. Moreover, we examined the potential relationship between the limited number of customers in retail establishments (related to pandemic restrictions) and the unscrupulous practices of sellers—specifically the act of retaining change. The effect of wearing masks was statistically non-significant, whereas the impact of other customers’ absence was significant. Moreover, unexpected results related to transaction parties’ genders were obtained, showing that shop assistants tended to be more honest when dealing with customers of the same gender. The results are discussed in the context of empathy toward masked customers, self-awareness theory, social norms of honesty, and identification with gender groups.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbidi, Maheen Z.; Umbleja, Triin; Overton, Edgar T.; Burdo, Tricia; Flynn, Jacqueline M.; Lu, Michael T.; Taron, Jana; Schnittman, Samuel R.; Fitch, Kathleen V.; Zanni, Markella V.; Fichtenbaum, Carl J.; Malvestutto, Carlos; Aberg, Judith A.; Fulda, Evelynne S.; Eckard, Allison Ross; Manne-Goehler, Jennifer; Tuan, Jessica J.; Ribaudo, Heather J.; Douglas, Pamela S.; Grinspoon, Steven K.; Brown, Todd T.; Erlandson, Kristine M.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with poor outcomes, including physical function impairment, in people without HIV. We examined associations between CMV IgG titer and physical function in virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH). Methods: REPRIEVE is a double-blind randomized trial evaluating pitavastatin for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in PWH. This analysis focused on participants enrolled in a sub-study with additional biomarker testing, imaging [coronary CT angiography], and physical function measures at entry. CMV IgG was measured using quantitative enzyme immunoassay, physical function by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and muscle density and area by CT. Associations between CMV IgG (risk factor) and outcomes were evaluated using the partial Spearman correlation and linear and log-binomial regression. Results: Among 717 participants, 82% male, the median CMV IgG was 2716 (Q1, Q3: 807, 6672) IU/mL, all above the limit of quantification. Among 631 participants with imaging, there was no association between CMV IgG and CT-based muscle density or area, controlling for age (r=-0.03 and r=-0.01, respectively; p≥0.38). Among 161 participants with physical function data, higher CMV IgG was associated with poorer overall modified SPPB score (p=0.02), adjusted for age, nadir CD4 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Conclusions: Higher CMV IgG titer was associated with poorer physical function, not explained by prior immune comprise, inflammation, or muscle density or area. Further mechanistic studies are needed to understand this association and whether CMV-specific therapy can impact physical function in PWH. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to compare the epidemiological patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections, hospitalizations, deaths, and duration of hospitalization during the fourth, fifth and sixth epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran. Methods A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted on hospitalized patients in four hospitals in the Babol district of northern Iran. The study periods were during the fourth, fifth, and sixth waves of the epidemic in Iran, (March 2021 to March 2022). A total of 13,312 patients with suspected COVID-19 were included. Patient demographics, medical history, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were obtained from the hospital information system. Data on the cycle threshold (Ct) and SARS-CoV2 variant were collected for SARS-CoV2-positive cases. Results The highest number of hospitalized patients was reported during the fifth (Delta) wave (5231; 39.3%), while the lowest number of hospitalized patients was reported during the sixth (Omicron) wave (2143; 16.1%). In total, 6459 (48.5%) out of 13,312 hospitalized patients with suspected COVID-19 had a positive rRT-PCR result. The fifth (Delta) wave had the highest number of SARS-CoV2 rRT-PCR-positive hospitalized patients (3573, 55.3%), while the sixth (Omicron) wave had the lowest number (835, 12.9%). Moreover, 238 (3.7%) patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 died. The hospital mortality rate was 6.8% in the fourth (Alpha) wave, which reduced to 2.7 and 3.5% in the fifth (Delta) and sixth (Omicron) waves, respectively (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMajid Eterafi, Nasrin Fouladi, Majid Golizadeh, Hamidreza Shaker, Somaieh Matin, Elham Safarzadeh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Majid Eterafi, Nasrin Fouladi, Majid Golizadeh, Hamidreza Shaker, Somaieh Matin, Elham Safarzadeh While the vaccination was introduced as a promising tool to control the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns about vaccine-related side effects had grown. Due to the widespread administration of the COVID-19 vaccine worldwide for the first time, it was necessary to evaluate the safety and potential side effects in recipients. This study aims to assess, the incidence of adverse effects following Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccination and identify their related factors. In this cross-sectional survey-based study, 453 volunteers participated, including 235 men and 218 women. The reported adverse reactions from recipients of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine were collected by using a questionnaire. The findings showed that the incidence of adverse reactions, such as neurological, systematic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and local symptoms were significantly higher after the first dose compared to the second dose. Systematic symptoms were the most prevalent reported side effects after the first and second dose injection. The demographical study of participants showed that individuals aged 18–34 and females were more prone to present adverse events following vaccination. However, no significant relationship was found between the occurrence of side effects and the recipients’ body mass index. Despite the life-saving role of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it may have some adverse reactions in recipients. The severity and frequency of side effects were different. So, they were dependent on several factors, including gender and age. Altogether, post-vaccination adverse reactions were mild and tolerable.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChung-Fang Tseng, Hsiao-Chen Lin, Chung-Yuh Tzeng, Jing-Yang Huang, Chih-Jung Yeh, James Cheng-Chung Wei
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Chung-Fang Tseng, Hsiao-Chen Lin, Chung-Yuh Tzeng, Jing-Yang Huang, Chih-Jung Yeh, James Cheng-Chung Wei Kawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory vasculitis disorder of unknown etiology. It is a rare but fatal disease and the leading cause of acquired coronary heart disease in children under the age of 5 years. We examined the association of KD with the demographics of family members, parents’ characteristics, and perinatal factors in Taiwanese children. This nested case–control study used data from Taiwan’s Health and Welfare Data Science Center and initially included children born in Taiwan between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015 (n = 1,939,449); the children were observed for KD development before the age of 5 years (n = 7870). The control group consisted of children without KD who were matched with each KD case by sex and birth date at a ratio of 8:1. The odds ratio (ORs) of the aforementioned associations were estimated using conditional logistic regression. The risk of KD decreased in children with younger parents [
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohibullah Shah, Ramsha Yamin, Iqra Ahmad, Gang Wu, Zainab Jahangir, Amen Shamim, Haq Nawaz, Umar Nishan, Riaz Ullah, Essam A. Ali, Sheheryar, Ke Chen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Mohibullah Shah, Ramsha Yamin, Iqra Ahmad, Gang Wu, Zainab Jahangir, Amen Shamim, Haq Nawaz, Umar Nishan, Riaz Ullah, Essam A. Ali, Sheheryar, Ke Chen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in global fatalities since late December 2019. Alkaloids play a significant role in drug design for various antiviral diseases, which makes them viable candidates for treating COVID-19. To identify potential antiviral agents, 102 known alkaloids were subjected to docking studies against the two key targets of SARS-CoV-2, namely the spike glycoprotein and main protease. The spike glycoprotein is vital for mediating viral entry into host cells, and main protease plays a crucial role in viral replication; therefore, they serve as compelling targets for therapeutic intervention in combating the disease. From the selection of alkaloids, the top 6 dual inhibitory compounds, namely liensinine, neferine, isoliensinine, fangchinoline, emetine, and acrimarine F, emerged as lead compounds with favorable docked scores. Interestingly, most of them shared the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid framework and belong to Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as the lotus plant. Docking analysis was conducted by considering the key active site residues of the selected proteins. The stability of the top three ligands with the receptor proteins was further validated through dynamic simulation analysis. The leads underwent ADMET profiling, bioactivity score analysis, and evaluation of drug-likeness and physicochemical properties. Neferine demonstrated a particularly strong affinity for binding, with a docking score of -7.5025 kcal/mol for main protease and -10.0245 kcal/mol for spike glycoprotein, and therefore a strong interaction with both target proteins. Of the lead alkaloids, emetine and fangchinoline demonstrated the lowest toxicity and high LD50 values. These top alkaloids, may support the body’s defense and reduce the symptoms by their numerous biological potentials, even though some properties naturally point to their direct antiviral nature. These findings demonstrate the promising anti-COVID-19 properties of the six selected alkaloids, making them potential candidates for drug design. This study will be beneficial in effective drug discovery and design against COVID-19 with negligible side effects.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background The World Health Organization announced the end of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) global health emergency on May 5, 2023. However, the reports from different countries indicate an elevation in the number of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths through the last months. The subvariant XBB.1.5 (Kraken) was the cause of 49.1% of COVID-19 cases by the end of January 2023. Although, the subvariant EG.5 (Eris) has surpassed the XBB.1.5 recently. EG.5 is a close subvariant descending from XBB.1.9.2 subvariant of Omicron. EG.5.1 is a sublineage carrying two crucial spike mutations F456L and Q52H. Up to now, it is not well-established whether its infectivity, severity, and immune evasion have shown any change or not. Also, BA.2.86 another subvariant of Omicron descending from BA.2 bears over 30 mutations which could affect its infectivity and transmissibility. Methods Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google were searched with six keywords up to 20 November 2023 and highly reliable research and reports were selected to refer to in this article. Purpose This brief review aims to overview the most reliable data about EG.5 and BA.2.86 based on scientific evidence. Conclusion Based on the currently available data these two new subvariants have similar features with currently circulating variants of Omicron and are less immune evasive than ancestral SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
To the Editor—We read with interest the article by Hedberg et al that describes the differences in disease severity and outcomes following infections with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among adult outpatients and inpatients [1]. The article provided important information and indicated that the Omicron variant is associated with worse outcomes compared with RSV and influenza. We would like to offer some insights that we believe could further enhance the comprehension and context of the study’s findings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background The World Health Organization announced the end of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) global health emergency on May 5, 2023. However, the reports from different countries indicate an elevation in the number of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths through the last months. The subvariant XBB.1.5 (Kraken) was the cause of 49.1% of COVID-19 cases by the end of January 2023. Although, the subvariant EG.5 (Eris) has surpassed the XBB.1.5 recently. EG.5 is a close subvariant descending from XBB.1.9.2 subvariant of Omicron. EG.5.1 is a sublineage carrying two crucial spike mutations F456L and Q52H. Up to now, it is not well-established whether its infectivity, severity, and immune evasion have shown any change or not. Also, BA.2.86 another subvariant of Omicron descending from BA.2 bears over 30 mutations which could affect its infectivity and transmissibility. Methods Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google were searched with six keywords up to 20 November 2023 and highly reliable research and reports were selected to refer to in this article. Purpose This brief review aims to overview the most reliable data about EG.5 and BA.2.86 based on scientific evidence. Conclusion Based on the currently available data these two new subvariants have similar features with currently circulating variants of Omicron and are less immune evasive than ancestral SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. Co-infection of influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to poor prognosis of patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, reports on patients co-infected with avian influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. Case presentation A 52-year-old woman presented with a fever, which has persisted for the past eight days, along with worsening shortness of breath and decreased blood pressure. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an air bronchogram, lung consolidation, and bilateral pleural effusion. The subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed positivity for H5N1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Conclusion The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. The clinical presentation of the patient had a predomination of H5N1 influenza rather than COVID-19. A PCR analysis for the identification of the virus is necessary to reveal the pathogen causing the severe pneumonia. The patient exhibited an excellent prognosis upon the use of the appropriate antiviral medicine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaría Casares-JimenezAntonio Rivero-JuarezPedro Lopez-LopezMaría Luisa MontesRoser Navarro-SolerJoaquín PeraireNuria EspinosaMaría Remedios Alemán-VallsTránsito Garcia-GarciaJavier Caballero-GomezDiana Corona-MataIgnacio Perez-ValeroRainer G. UlrichAntonio Riveroa Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spainb CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spainc HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spaind Infectious Diseases Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spaine Infectious Diseases Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spainf Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, IbIS, University of Seville, Seville, Spaing Infectious Diseases Unit, Canarias University Hospital, La Laguna, Spainh Immunogenomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), Genetic Department, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spaini Animal Health Unit, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spainj Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germanyk German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
Emerg Microbes Infect, 31.12.2023
Tilføjet 31.12.2023
Sijin XiaWenwen XiaoXuerui ZhuShusen LiaoJiahui GuoJunwei ZhouShaobo XiaoPuxian FangLiurong Fanga State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinab The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Vincent Ka Chun YanFranco Wing Tak ChengCeline Sze Ling ChuiFrancisco Tsz Tsun LaiCarlos King Ho WongXue LiEric Yuk Fai WanJoshua Sung Chih WongEsther Wai Yin ChanIan Chi Kei WongMike Yat Wah KwanPatrick Ipa Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinac School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinad Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), , Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinah Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, UKi Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of Chinaj Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Shanshan LuShengdong LuoChang LiuMuli LiXiaoping AnMengzhe LiJun HouHuahao FanPanyong MaoYigang TongLihua Songa Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Ziqi ZhouAbraham AliElias WalelignGetnet F. DemissieIhab El MasryTakele AbaynehBelayneh GetachewPavithra KrishnanDaisy Y.M. NgEmma GardnerYilma MakonnenEve MiguelVéronique ChevalierDaniel K. ChuRay T. Y. SoSophie Von DobschuetzGezahegne MamoLeo L. M. PoonMalik Peirisa School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of Chinab Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopiac Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopiad Food and Agriculture Organization, Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Addis Ababa, Ethiopiae College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, Microbiology and Public Health, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopiaf Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italyg National Veterinary Institute, Debre Zeit, Ethiopiah Food and Agriculture Organization, Subregional Office for Eastern Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopiai Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Francej Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie Genetique, Evolution et Controle, L’Institut de Recherche pour le Developpment, CNRS, Montpellier, Francek International Center of Research in Agriculture for Development (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, Francel CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Antananarivo, Madagascarm Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascarn UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Li QuanXinxin SunLinghui XuRui Ai ChenDing Xiang Liua Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Chinab Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Vincent Ka Chun YanEric Yuk Fai WanXuxiao YeAnna Hoi Ying MokFrancisco Tsz Tsun LaiCeline Sze Ling ChuiXue LiCarlos King Ho WongPhilip Hei LiTiantian MaSimon QinChak Sing LauIan Chi Kei WongEsther Wai Yin Chana Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinab Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinad School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinae School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinag Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UKh Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, UKi Department of Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinaj The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Zezhong LiuLu LuShibo Jianga Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Zixin Cai, Bilian Liu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.12.2023
Tilføjet 29.12.2023
by Zixin Cai, Bilian Liu Objective In December 2019, a novel pneumonia associated with the 2019 coronavirus emerged unexpectedly. However, limited data exist on the effects of COVID-19 on ACTH and cortisol levels. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies on the relationship between COVID-19 patients and their ACTH and cortisol levels. Methods We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up until May 2023. We assessed the relevance of each study we found, specifically looking for studies that reported on ACTH and cortisol levels in COVID-19 patients. We calculated weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to investigate the relationship between ACTH and cortisol levels in COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the quality of each study using the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS), and we assessed publication bias using Begg’s rank correlation test, Egger’s test, and funnel plot. We conducted our meta-analysis using the Stata 12.0 (Stata Corporation, TX). Results Our search yielded nine studies that met our inclusion criteria, which included a total of 440 COVID-19 patients and 474 controls, with data up to May 2023. Seven of these studies reported on ACTH levels, and six studies reported on cortisol levels. Our findings revealed that COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of cortisol compared to controls (WMD 3.46 (95% CI 2.29 to 4.62)). However, there was no significant difference in ACTH levels between COVID-19 patients and controls (WMD 1.58 (95% CI -5.79 to 8.94)). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates a potential relationship between elevated cortisol levels and COVID-19 infection. However, more well-designed, adequately powered, randomized controlled trial will be needed to assess the use of cortisol in patients with COVID-19 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
Abstract Background and aim Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that can spread very rapidly with important public health impacts. The prediction of the important factors related to the patient\'s infectious diseases is helpful to health care workers. The aim of this research was to select the critical feature of the relationship between demographic, biochemical, and hematological characteristics, in patients with and without COVID-19 infection. Method A total of 13,170 participants in the age range of 35–65 years were recruited. Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), and Bootstrap Forest (BF) techniques were fitted into data. Three models were considered in this study, in model I, the biochemical features, in model II, the hematological features, and in model II, both biochemical and homological features were studied. Results In Model I, the BF, DT, and LR algorithms identified creatine phosphokinase (CPK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total bilirubin, body mass index (BMI), sex, and age, as important predictors for COVID-19. In Model II, our BF, DT, and LR algorithms identified BMI, sex, mean platelet volume (MPV), and age as important predictors. In Model III, our BF, DT, and LR algorithms identified CPK, BMI, MPV, BUN, FBG, sex, creatinine (Cr), age, and total bilirubin as important predictors. Conclusion The proposed BF, DT, and LR models appear to be able to predict and classify infected and non-infected people based on CPK, BUN, BMI, MPV, FBG, Sex, Cr, and Age which had a high association with COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLorenza Pugni, Beatrice Letizia Crippa, Francesco Raimondi, Giovanni Vento, Giovanna Mangili, Alessandra Coscia, Giacomo Artieri, Andrea Ronchi, Maria Luisa Ventura, Paola Lago, Carlo Pietrasanta, Riccardo Crimi, Giuseppina Bonfante, Serafina Perrone, Alessandra Boncompagni, Agostina Solinas, Massimo Agosti, Chiara Poggi, Alessandra Falcone, Claudia Pagliotta, Daniela Gianotti, Genny Gottardi, Giulia Paviotti, Alessandra Allodi, Gianfranco Maffei, Alice Proto, Antonella Travierso, Serena Salomè, Simonetta Costa, Stefania Ferrari, Chiara Peila, Mariateresa Sinelli, Federica Fanelli, Lucia Giordano, Martina Saruggia, Letizia Capasso, Elena Spada, Camilla Gizzi, Luigi Orfeo, Fabio Mosca
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, great concern has been raised on how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could affect the health of mothers infected during pregnancy and their neonates. Several studies showed that pregnant women were at higher risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection than non-pregnant women of comparable ages, and that infection during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of preterm birth and stillbirth [1–4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 24.12.2023
Tilføjet 24.12.2023
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that may initiate cytokine cascades and correlate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with their serum cytokine profiles. Methods Recombinant baculoviruses displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid protein were constructed and transfected into A549 cells and THP-1-derived macrophages, to determine which protein initiate cytokine release. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and cytokine profiles of patients with COVID-19 were determined, and the results were associated with their clinical characteristics, such as development of pneumonia or length of hospital stay. Results The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, rather than the spike protein, triggers lung epithelial A549 cells to express IP-10, RANTES, IL-16, MIP-1α, basic FGF, eotaxin, IL-15, PDGF-BB, TRAIL, VEGF-A, and IL-5. Additionally, serum CTACK, basic FGF, GRO-α, IL-1α, IL-1RA, IL-2Rα, IL-9, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, IP-10, M-CSF, MIF, MIG, RANTES, SCGF-β, SDF-1α, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF, PDGF-BB, TRAIL, β-NGF, eotaxin, GM-CSF, IFN-α2, INF-γ, and MCP-1 levels were considerably increased in patients with COVID-19. Among them, patients with pneumonia had higher serum IP-10 and M-CSF levels than patients without. Patients requiring less than 3 weeks to show negative COVID-19 tests after contracting COVID-19 had higher serum IP-10 levels than the remaining patients. Conclusion Our study revealed that nucleocapsid protein, lung epithelial cells, and IP-10 may be potential targets for the development of new strategies to prevent, or control, severe COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWenjie Luo, Jalal Mohammed
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.12.2023
Tilføjet 23.12.2023
by Wenjie Luo, Jalal Mohammed Since the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in December 2019, students have been under unparalleled psychological stress worldwide. As part of its prevention and control strategies, the Chinese Ministry of Education proposed online teaching activities for universities. For the first time, teaching and learning shifted completely online, significantly impacting university students used to classroom learning. This research addresses the knowledge gap about the mental health and coping strategies employed by Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic databases (PsycINFO, Scopus, Medline, Cochranes and CNKI) were searched systematically from 2019 to 2023, as part of this literature review. From the 349 articles found, 25 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Thematic analysis was used to identify six sub-themes, organized under two main themes: Mental health issues of Chinese university students and their coping mechanisms. Heightened stress, anxiety, and depression appeared in Chinese university students during the pandemic, which may have been compounded by their isolation and the disruptions to their studies. Although the impact of COVID-19 on Chinese university students is waning, this study emphasizes the potential long-lasting impact on their mental health, which requires further investigation, particularly regarding gender differences. Moreover, positive and negative coping strategies were found in this review. Strategies for seeking social and family support and participating in sports activities had significant alleviating effects, while negative coping strategies such as alcohol-use and smoking did not. This rapid review informs the development of policies and interventions to enhance the mental health of university students during crisis events. The findings serve to inform health policymakers, university psychologists, and educators in improving the well-being of this student population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.12.2023
Tilføjet 23.12.2023
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that may initiate cytokine cascades and correlate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with their serum cytokine profiles. Methods Recombinant baculoviruses displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid protein were constructed and transfected into A549 cells and THP-1-derived macrophages, to determine which protein initiate cytokine release. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and cytokine profiles of patients with COVID-19 were determined, and the results were associated with their clinical characteristics, such as development of pneumonia or length of hospital stay. Results The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, rather than the spike protein, triggers lung epithelial A549 cells to express IP-10, RANTES, IL-16, MIP-1α, basic FGF, eotaxin, IL-15, PDGF-BB, TRAIL, VEGF-A, and IL-5. Additionally, serum CTACK, basic FGF, GRO-α, IL-1α, IL-1RA, IL-2Rα, IL-9, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, IP-10, M-CSF, MIF, MIG, RANTES, SCGF-β, SDF-1α, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF, PDGF-BB, TRAIL, β-NGF, eotaxin, GM-CSF, IFN-α2, INF-γ, and MCP-1 levels were considerably increased in patients with COVID-19. Among them, patients with pneumonia had higher serum IP-10 and M-CSF levels than patients without. Patients requiring less than 3 weeks to show negative COVID-19 tests after contracting COVID-19 had higher serum IP-10 levels than the remaining patients. Conclusion Our study revealed that nucleocapsid protein, lung epithelial cells, and IP-10 may be potential targets for the development of new strategies to prevent, or control, severe COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaddalena Peghin, Maria De Martino, Alvisa Palese, Stefania Chiappinotto, Federico Fonda, Valentina Gerussi, Assunta Sartor, Francesco Curcio, Paolo Antonio Grossi, Miriam Isola, Carlo Tascini
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 21.12.2023
Tilføjet 21.12.2023
To describe the dynamics and factors related with natural and hybrid humoral response against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and risk of reinfection among first wave patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 21.12.2023
Tilføjet 21.12.2023
Abstract Background and aim Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that can spread very rapidly with important public health impacts. The prediction of the important factors related to the patient\'s infectious diseases is helpful to health care workers. The aim of this research was to select the critical feature of the relationship between demographic, biochemical, and hematological characteristics, in patients with and without COVID-19 infection. Method A total of 13,170 participants in the age range of 35–65 years were recruited. Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), and Bootstrap Forest (BF) techniques were fitted into data. Three models were considered in this study, in model I, the biochemical features, in model II, the hematological features, and in model II, both biochemical and homological features were studied. Results In Model I, the BF, DT, and LR algorithms identified creatine phosphokinase (CPK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total bilirubin, body mass index (BMI), sex, and age, as important predictors for COVID-19. In Model II, our BF, DT, and LR algorithms identified BMI, sex, mean platelet volume (MPV), and age as important predictors. In Model III, our BF, DT, and LR algorithms identified CPK, BMI, MPV, BUN, FBG, sex, creatinine (Cr), age, and total bilirubin as important predictors. Conclusion The proposed BF, DT, and LR models appear to be able to predict and classify infected and non-infected people based on CPK, BUN, BMI, MPV, FBG, Sex, Cr, and Age which had a high association with COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 21.12.2023
Tilføjet 21.12.2023
Abstract Background This work aimed to study natural humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was used to detect the neutralizing antibody (Nabs) and IgG. Results Nabs peaked on days 57–96 after symptom onset and remained detected on days 97–132. The Nabs in the 32 patients who were dynamically monitored showed four changing patterns. The titers of Nabs and IgG were correlated, and three modes of relationship were found between them. Conclusions Nabs showed a regular change in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The detection of Nabs is very important for monitoring the course of COVID-19 and predicting the strength of antibody protection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 21.12.2023
Tilføjet 21.12.2023
Abstract Background This work aimed to study natural humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was used to detect the neutralizing antibody (Nabs) and IgG. Results Nabs peaked on days 57–96 after symptom onset and remained detected on days 97–132. The Nabs in the 32 patients who were dynamically monitored showed four changing patterns. The titers of Nabs and IgG were correlated, and three modes of relationship were found between them. Conclusions Nabs showed a regular change in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The detection of Nabs is very important for monitoring the course of COVID-19 and predicting the strength of antibody protection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThomas, Teressa S.; Walpert, Allie R.; Srinivasa, Suman
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
Purpose of review Large cohort studies have consistently shown the presence of heart failure is approximately doubled among persons with HIV (PWH). Early studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV were primarily focused on atherosclerotic burden, and we now have a greater understanding of large vessel disease in HIV. More recent studies have begun to inform us about small vessel disease, or coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), in HIV. CMD is recognized to be an important risk factor for adverse events related to heart failure, associated with cardiovascular mortality, and often presents without overt atherosclerotic disease. Recent findings In this review, we highlight implications for CMD and relevant clinical studies in HIV. Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, well known risk factors in HIV, may mediate the pathogenesis of CMD. Initial studies suggest that CMD worsens with ART initiation. Newer studies reveal CMD is present among well treated PWH without known CVD. In addition, myocardial flow reserve (MFR), a marker of CMD, is reduced in HIV similar to diabetes. There also appears to be sex differences, such that CMD is worse among women vs. men with HIV. Summary Alterations in the coronary microvasculature may be an important mediator of subclinical myocardial dysfunction that deserves further clinical attention among PWH without known CVD.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
Abstract Background Altered mediators of airway tissue remodeling such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may contribute to morbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the differential impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) on MMPs is unknown.Methods Using both in vitro human airway cell culture model and in vivo transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we studied the differential effect of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs on expression of key MMPs and inflammatory mediators in airway cells and tissues.Results The most consistent findings with all SARS-CoV-2 variants in infected compared to uninfected human bronchial epithelial cell air–liquid interface cultures were the SARS-CoV-2–induced increases in MMP-12 and tissue inhibitor of MMPs. Infection with both SARS-CoV-2 wild type and SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant over 3 days postinfection (dpi) and with Beta variant over 7 dpi increased lung tissue levels of MMP-9 compared to uninfected mice. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 variants had differential dose-dependent impact on secretion of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-12 that varied at the protein versus the gene level and in the early noninflammatory compared to late inflammatory phase of infection.Conclusions We provide novel mechanistic insight that the differential impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on severity of COVID-19 may partially be attributed to unique changes in MMPs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedUluhan Sili, Aysun Tekin, Huseyin Bilgin, Syed Anjum Khan, Juan Pablo Domecq, Girish Vadgaonkar, Smitha S. Segu, Puneet Rijhwani, Umamaheswara Raju, Krishna Mohan Surapaneni, Igor Zabolotskikh, Dina Gomaa, Valerie M. Goodspeed, Pinar Ay
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic overwhelmed the healthcare systems around the world by increasing the hospitalization demand. A distal consequence of this phenomenon is worsening infections caused by antimicrobial resistant pathogens [1, 2]. Inappropriate antibiotic use was exacerbated during COVID-19, negating years of antimicrobial stewardship efforts [3, 4]. Previous studies reported confirmed bacterial co-infections in 1% to 8%, while 18.5% were clinically diagnosed with co-infection at admission [5-8].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
Abstract Accurate molecular diagnostic tests are necessary for confirming a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and for identifying asymptomatic carriage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The number of available SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection tests continues to increase as does the COVID-19 diagnostic literature. Thus, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed an evidence-based diagnostic guideline to assist clinicians, clinical laboratorians, patients, and policymakers in decisions related to the optimal use of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests. In addition, we provide a conceptual framework for understanding molecular diagnostic test performance, discuss nuances of test result interpretation in a variety of practice settings, and highlight important unmet research needs related to COVID-19 diagnostic testing. IDSA convened a multidisciplinary panel of infectious diseases clinicians, clinical microbiologists, and experts in systematic literature review to identify and prioritize clinical questions and outcomes related to the use of SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostics. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make testing recommendations. The panel agreed on 12 diagnostic recommendations. Access to accurate SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing is critical for patient care, hospital infection prevention, and the public health response to COVID-19 infection. Information on the clinical performance of available tests continues to grow, but the quality of evidence of the current literature to support this updated molecular diagnostic guideline remains moderate to very low. Recognizing these limitations, the IDSA panel weighed available diagnostic evidence and recommends nucleic acid testing for all symptomatic individuals suspected of having COVID-19. In addition, testing is suggested for asymptomatic individuals with known or suspected contact with a COVID-19 case when the results will impact isolation/quarantine/personal protective equipment (PPE) usage decisions. Evidence in support of rapid testing and testing of upper respiratory specimens other than nasopharyngeal swabs, which offer logistical advantages, is sufficient to warrant conditional recommendations in favor of these approaches.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFausta Michael, Mariam M. Mirambo, Gerald Misinzo, Omary Minzi, Medard Beyanga, Delphinus Mujuni, Florence S Kalabamu, Elias N Nyanda, Mary Mwanyika-Sando, Daniel Ndiyo, Richard Kasonogo, Abbas Ismail, Andrew Bahati, Farida Hassan, Elangiringa Kaale, John J Chai, Pricillah Kinyunyi, Furaha Kyesi, Florian Tinuga, Dhamira Mongi, Abdul Salehe, Bonaventura Muhindi, Joseph Mdachi, Richard Magodi, Mwendwa Mwenesi, Honest Nyaki, Betina Katembo, Kelvin Tenga, Magdalena Kasya, Willliam Mwengee, Stephen E. Mshana
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.12.2023
Tilføjet 18.12.2023
Vaccines provide a safe and cost-effective solution to vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. However, vaccine-preventable infectious diseases still pose a serious public health threat especially in the world\'s poor regions[1]. In sub-Saharan Africa, this burden is further aggravated by the occurrence of concurrent epidemics such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Ebola virus disease, monkeypox, and measles overstretching the already weak public health system[2]. In addition to human conflicts, natural disasters, vaccine hesitancy, and the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine immunisation services leaving millions of children under-vaccinated or unvaccinated against vaccine-preventable diseases as evidenced by the decline in the number of administered doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-containing vaccine and the first dose of measles virus-containing vaccine[3, 4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.12.2023
Tilføjet 17.12.2023
Abstract Background Persistent headache is a frequent symptom after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and there is currently limited knowledge about its clinical spectrum and predisposing factors. A subset of patients may be experiencing new daily persistent headache (NDPH) after COVID-19, which is among the most treatment-refractory primary headache syndromes. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Latin America to characterize individuals with persistent headache after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and to identify factors associated with NDPH. Participants over 18 years old who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reported persistent headache among their symptoms completed an online survey that included demographics, past medical history, persistent headache clinical characteristics, and COVID-19 vaccination status. Based on participants’ responses, NDPH diagnostic criteria were used to group participants into NDPH and non-NDPH groups. Participant data was summarized by descriptive statistics. Student’s t and Mann–Whitney U tests were used according to the distribution of quantitative variables. For categorical variables, Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used according to the size of expected frequencies. Binomial logistic regression using the backward stepwise selection method was performed to identify factors associated with NDPH. Results Four hundred and twenty-one participants from 11 Latin American countries met the inclusion criteria. One in four participants met the NDPH diagnostic criteria. The mean age was 40 years, with most participants being female (82%). Over 90% of the participants reported having had mild/moderate COVID-19. Most participants had a history of headache before developing COVID-19 (58%), mainly migraine type (32%). The most predominant clinical characteristics in the NDPH group were occipital location, severe/unbearable intensity, burning character, and radiating pain (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHarm J. van der Horn, Myrthe E. de Koning, Koen Visser, Marius G. J. Kok, Jacoba M. Spikman, Myrthe E. Scheenen, Remco J. Renken, Vince D. Calhoun, Victor M. Vergara, Joana Cabral, Andrew R. Mayer, Joukje van der Naalt
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.12.2023
Tilføjet 16.12.2023
by Harm J. van der Horn, Myrthe E. de Koning, Koen Visser, Marius G. J. Kok, Jacoba M. Spikman, Myrthe E. Scheenen, Remco J. Renken, Vince D. Calhoun, Victor M. Vergara, Joana Cabral, Andrew R. Mayer, Joukje van der Naalt Research has shown that maladaptive personality characteristics, such as Neuroticism, are associated with poor outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The current exploratory study investigated the neural underpinnings of this process using dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analyses of resting-state (rs) fMRI, and diffusion MRI (dMRI). Twenty-seven mTBI patients and 21 healthy controls (HC) were included. After measuring the Big Five personality dimensions, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to obtain a superordinate factor representing emotional instability, consisting of high Neuroticism, moderate Openness, and low Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Persistent symptoms were measured using the head injury symptom checklist at six months post-injury; symptom severity (i.e., sum of all items) was used for further analyses. For patients, brain MRI was performed in the sub-acute phase (~1 month) post-injury. Following parcellation of rs-fMRI using independent component analysis, leading eigenvector dynamic analysis (LEiDA) was performed to compute dynamic phase-locking brain states. Main patterns of brain diffusion were computed using tract-based spatial statistics followed by PCA. No differences in phase-locking state measures were found between patients and HC. Regarding dMRI, a trend significant decrease in fractional anisotropy was found in patients relative to HC, particularly in the fornix, genu of the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior corona radiata. Visiting one specific phase-locking state was associated with lower symptom severity after mTBI. This state was characterized by two clearly delineated communities (each community consisting of areas with synchronized phases): one representing an executive/saliency system, with a strong contribution of the insulae and basal ganglia; the other representing the canonical default mode network. In patients who scored high on emotional instability, this relationship was even more pronounced. Dynamic phase-locking states were not related to findings on dMRI. Altogether, our results provide preliminary evidence for the coupling between personality and dFNC in the development of long-term symptoms after mTBI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
Abstract Background Persistent headache is a frequent symptom after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and there is currently limited knowledge about its clinical spectrum and predisposing factors. A subset of patients may be experiencing new daily persistent headache (NDPH) after COVID-19, which is among the most treatment-refractory primary headache syndromes. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Latin America to characterize individuals with persistent headache after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and to identify factors associated with NDPH. Participants over 18 years old who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reported persistent headache among their symptoms completed an online survey that included demographics, past medical history, persistent headache clinical characteristics, and COVID-19 vaccination status. Based on participants’ responses, NDPH diagnostic criteria were used to group participants into NDPH and non-NDPH groups. Participant data was summarized by descriptive statistics. Student’s t and Mann–Whitney U tests were used according to the distribution of quantitative variables. For categorical variables, Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used according to the size of expected frequencies. Binomial logistic regression using the backward stepwise selection method was performed to identify factors associated with NDPH. Results Four hundred and twenty-one participants from 11 Latin American countries met the inclusion criteria. One in four participants met the NDPH diagnostic criteria. The mean age was 40 years, with most participants being female (82%). Over 90% of the participants reported having had mild/moderate COVID-19. Most participants had a history of headache before developing COVID-19 (58%), mainly migraine type (32%). The most predominant clinical characteristics in the NDPH group were occipital location, severe/unbearable intensity, burning character, and radiating pain (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
Abstract Background The corona virus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of recent most global pandemic. Its genome encodes various proteins categorized as non-structural, accessory, and structural proteins. The non-structural proteins, NSP1–16, are located within the ORF1ab. The NSP3, 4, and 6 together are involved in formation of double membrane vesicle (DMV) in host Golgi apparatus. These vesicles provide anchorage to viral replicative complexes, thus assist replication inside the host cell. While the accessory genes coded by ORFs 3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9b, 9c, and 10 contribute in cell entry, immunoevasion, and pathological progression. Methods This in silico study is focused on designing sequence specific siRNA molecules as a tool for silencing the non-structural and accessory genes of the virus. The gene sequences of NSP3, 4, and 6 along with ORF3a, 6, 7a, 8, and 10 were retrieved for conservation, phylogenetic, and sequence logo analyses. siRNA candidates were predicted using siDirect 2.0 targeting these genes. The GC content, melting temperatures, and various validation scores were calculated. Secondary structures of the guide strands and siRNA-target duplexes were predicted. Finally, tertiary structures were predicted and subjected to structural validations. Results This study revealed that NSP3, 4, and 6 and accessory genes ORF3a, 6, 7a, 8, and 10 have high levels of conservation across globally circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains. A total of 71 siRNA molecules were predicted against the selected genes. Following rigorous screening including binary validations and minimum free energies, final siRNAs with high therapeutic potential were identified, including 7, 2, and 1 against NSP3, NSP4, and NSP6, as well as 3, 1, 2, and 1 targeting ORF3a, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10, respectively. Conclusion Our novel in silico pipeline integrates effective methods from previous studies to predict and validate siRNA molecules, having the potential to inhibit viral replication pathway in vitro. In total, this study identified 17 highly specific siRNA molecules targeting NSP3, 4, and 6 and accessory genes ORF3a, 7a, 8, and 10 of SARS-CoV-2, which might be used as an additional antiviral treatment option especially in the cases of life-threatening urgencies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surges, such as that which occurred when omicron variants emerged, may overwhelm healthcare systems. To function properly, such systems should balance detection and workloads by improving referrals using simple yet precise and sensitive diagnostic predictions. A symptom-based scoring system was developed using machine learning for the general population, but no validation has occurred in healthcare settings. We aimed to validate a COVID-19 scoring system using self-reported symptoms, including loss of smell and taste as major indicators. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate medical records of patients admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from March 2020 to December 2021. Outcomes were defined by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We compared the symptom-based scoring system, as the index test, with antigen tests, antibody tests, and clinical judgements by primary care physicians. To validate use of the index test to improve referral, we evaluated positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity. Results After clinical judgement with a PPV of 61% (n = 327/530, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 60% to 62%), confirmation with the index test resulted in the highest PPV of 85% (n = 30/35, 95% CI: 83% to 87%) but the lowest sensitivity (n = 30/180, 17%, 95% CI: 15% to 19%). If this confirmation was defined by either positive predictive scoring or antigen tests, the PPV was 92% (n = 55/60, 95% CI: 90% to 94%). Meanwhile, the sensitivity was 88% (n = 55/62, 95% CI: 87% to 89%), which was higher than that when using only antigen tests (n = 29/41, 71%, 95% CI: 69% to 73%). Conclusions The symptom-based COVID-19 predictive score was validated in healthcare settings for its precision and sensitivity. However, an impact study is needed to confirm if this can balance detection and workload for the next COVID-19 surge.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKantor, J., Vanderslott, S., Morrison, M., Pollard, A. J., Carlisle, R. C.
BMJ Open, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
ObjectivesTo develop and validate the Oxford Needle Experience (ONE) scale, an instrument to assess needle fear, attitudes and expectations in the general population. DesignCross-sectional validation study. SettingInternet-based with participants in the UK and USA. ParticipantsUK and US representative samples stratified by age, sex, and ethnicity using the Prolific Academic platform. Main outcome measuresExploratory factor analysis with categorical variables and a polychoric correlation matrix followed by promax oblique rotation on the UK sample for the ONE scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a Satorra-Bentler scaled test statistic evaluating the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA), standardised root mean squared residual (SRMR) and comparative fit index (CFI) on the US sample. Reliability as internal consistency using McDonald’s omega. Convergent validity using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Predictive and discriminant validity using logistic regression ORs of association (OR). ResultsThe population included 1000 respondents, 500 in the UK and 500 in the USA. Minimum average partial correlation and a scree plot suggested four factors should be retained: injection hesitancy, blood-related hesitancy, recalled negative experiences and perceived benefits, yielding a 19-question scale. On CFA, the RMSEA was 0.070 (90% CI, 0.064 to 0.077), SRMR 0.053 and CFI 0.925. McDonald’s omega was 0.92 and 0.93 in the UK and US samples, respectively. Convergent validity with the four-item Oxford Coronavirus Explanations, Attitudes and Narratives Survey (OCEANS) needle fear scale demonstrated a strong correlation (r=0.83). Predictive validity with a single-question COVID-19 vaccination status question demonstrated a strong association, OR (95% CI) 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98), p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMin Joo Choi, Yewon Na, Hak Jun Hyun, Eliel Nham, Jin Gu Yoon, Hye Seong, Yu Bin Seo, Won Suk Choi, Joon Young Song, Dong Wook Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Jaehun Jung, Hee Jin Cheong
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 13.12.2023
Tilføjet 13.12.2023
This nationwide cohort study compared the incidence of adverse events of special interest (AESIs) between adenoviral vector- (ChAdOx1) and mRNA-based (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 13.12.2023
Tilføjet 13.12.2023
Abstract Background The corona virus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of recent most global pandemic. Its genome encodes various proteins categorized as non-structural, accessory, and structural proteins. The non-structural proteins, NSP1–16, are located within the ORF1ab. The NSP3, 4, and 6 together are involved in formation of double membrane vesicle (DMV) in host Golgi apparatus. These vesicles provide anchorage to viral replicative complexes, thus assist replication inside the host cell. While the accessory genes coded by ORFs 3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9b, 9c, and 10 contribute in cell entry, immunoevasion, and pathological progression. Methods This in silico study is focused on designing sequence specific siRNA molecules as a tool for silencing the non-structural and accessory genes of the virus. The gene sequences of NSP3, 4, and 6 along with ORF3a, 6, 7a, 8, and 10 were retrieved for conservation, phylogenetic, and sequence logo analyses. siRNA candidates were predicted using siDirect 2.0 targeting these genes. The GC content, melting temperatures, and various validation scores were calculated. Secondary structures of the guide strands and siRNA-target duplexes were predicted. Finally, tertiary structures were predicted and subjected to structural validations. Results This study revealed that NSP3, 4, and 6 and accessory genes ORF3a, 6, 7a, 8, and 10 have high levels of conservation across globally circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains. A total of 71 siRNA molecules were predicted against the selected genes. Following rigorous screening including binary validations and minimum free energies, final siRNAs with high therapeutic potential were identified, including 7, 2, and 1 against NSP3, NSP4, and NSP6, as well as 3, 1, 2, and 1 targeting ORF3a, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10, respectively. Conclusion Our novel in silico pipeline integrates effective methods from previous studies to predict and validate siRNA molecules, having the potential to inhibit viral replication pathway in vitro. In total, this study identified 17 highly specific siRNA molecules targeting NSP3, 4, and 6 and accessory genes ORF3a, 7a, 8, and 10 of SARS-CoV-2, which might be used as an additional antiviral treatment option especially in the cases of life-threatening urgencies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 13.12.2023
Tilføjet 13.12.2023
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surges, such as that which occurred when omicron variants emerged, may overwhelm healthcare systems. To function properly, such systems should balance detection and workloads by improving referrals using simple yet precise and sensitive diagnostic predictions. A symptom-based scoring system was developed using machine learning for the general population, but no validation has occurred in healthcare settings. We aimed to validate a COVID-19 scoring system using self-reported symptoms, including loss of smell and taste as major indicators. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate medical records of patients admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from March 2020 to December 2021. Outcomes were defined by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We compared the symptom-based scoring system, as the index test, with antigen tests, antibody tests, and clinical judgements by primary care physicians. To validate use of the index test to improve referral, we evaluated positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity. Results After clinical judgement with a PPV of 61% (n = 327/530, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 60% to 62%), confirmation with the index test resulted in the highest PPV of 85% (n = 30/35, 95% CI: 83% to 87%) but the lowest sensitivity (n = 30/180, 17%, 95% CI: 15% to 19%). If this confirmation was defined by either positive predictive scoring or antigen tests, the PPV was 92% (n = 55/60, 95% CI: 90% to 94%). Meanwhile, the sensitivity was 88% (n = 55/62, 95% CI: 87% to 89%), which was higher than that when using only antigen tests (n = 29/41, 71%, 95% CI: 69% to 73%). Conclusions The symptom-based COVID-19 predictive score was validated in healthcare settings for its precision and sensitivity. However, an impact study is needed to confirm if this can balance detection and workload for the next COVID-19 surge.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHalah Bin Helayel, Anwar Ahmed, Khabir Ahmad, Abeer Ahmad, Ruhi Khan, Samar A. Al-Swailem
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.12.2023
Tilføjet 11.12.2023
by Halah Bin Helayel, Anwar Ahmed, Khabir Ahmad, Abeer Ahmad, Ruhi Khan, Samar A. Al-Swailem
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed