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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
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Infectious Disease Modelling, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 18 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Jia-Lin Wang, Xin-Long Xiao, Fen-Fen Zhang, Xin Pei, Ming-Tao Li, Ju-Ping Zhang, Juan Zhang, Gui-Quan Sun
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
AbstractCOVID-19 is an acute respiratory disorder that is caused by SARS-CoV-2, in which excessive systemic inflammation is associated with adverse patient clinical outcomes. Here, we observed elevated expression levels of NLRP12 (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat–containing receptor 12) in human peripheral monocytes and lung tissue during infection with SARS-CoV-2. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that NLRP12 directly interacted with the M protein through its leucine-rich repeat domain. Moreover, in vitro studies demonstrated that NLRP12 interacted with TRAF3 and promoted its ubiquitination and degradation, which counteracted the inhibitory effect of TRAF3 on the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and promoted the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, an in vivo study revealed that NLRP12 knockout mice displayed attenuated tissue injury and ameliorated inflammatory responses in the lungs when infected with a SARS-CoV-2 M protein–reconstituted pseudovirus and mouse coronavirus. Taken together, these findings suggest that NLRP12 mediates the inflammatory responses during coronavirus infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGemma Lladós, Marta Massanella, Roser Coll-Fernández, Raúl Rodríguez, Electra Hernández, Giuseppe Lucente, Cristina López, Cora Loste, José Ramón Santos, Sergio España-Cueto, Maria Nevot, Francisco Muñoz-López, Sandra Silva-Arrieta, Christian Brander, Maria José Durà, Patricia Cuadras, Jordi Bechini, Montserrat Tenesa, Alicia Martinez-Piñeiro, Cristina Herrero, Anna Chamorro BsC, Anna Garcia, Eulalia Grau, Bonaventura Clotet, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Germans Trias Long-COVID Unit group
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
The post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is a disabling syndrome affecting at least 5-10% of subjects who survive COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 mediated vagus nerve dysfunction could explain some PCC symptoms, including dysphonia, dysphagia, dyspnea, dizziness, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal disturbances or neurocognitive complaints.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJeng, Margaret; Orsini, Erica M.; Yerke, Jason; Mehkri, Omar; Mireles-Cabodevila, Eduardo; Khouli, Hassan; Mujanovic, Samin; Wang, Xiaofeng; Duggal, Abhijit; Vachharajani, Vidula; Scheraga, Rachel G.
Critical Care Explorations, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
OBJECTIVES: Diagnosis of pneumonia is challenging in critically ill, intubated patients due to limited diagnostic modalities. Endotracheal aspirate (EA) cultures are standard of care in many ICUs; however, frequent EA contamination leads to unnecessary antibiotic use. Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NBBL) obtains sterile, alveolar cultures, avoiding contamination. However, paired NBBL and EA sampling in the setting of a lack of gold standard for airway culture is a novel approach to improve culture accuracy and limit antibiotic use in the critically ill patients. DESIGN: We designed a pilot study to test respiratory culture accuracy between EA and NBBL. Adult, intubated patients with suspected pneumonia received concurrent EA and NBBL cultures by registered respiratory therapists. Respiratory culture microbiology, cell counts, and antibiotic prescribing practices were examined. SETTING: We performed a prospective pilot study at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus Medical ICU in Cleveland, Ohio for 22 months from May 2021 through March 2023. PATIENTS OR SUBJECTS: Three hundred forty mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia were screened. Two hundred fifty-seven patients were excluded for severe hypoxia (Fio2 ≥ 80% or positive end-expiratory pressure ≥ 12 cm H2O), coagulopathy, platelets less than 50,000, hemodynamic instability as determined by the treating team, and COVID-19 infection to prevent aerosolization of the virus. INTERVENTIONS: All 83 eligible patients were enrolled and underwent concurrent EA and NBBL. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: More EA cultures (42.17%) were positive than concurrent NBBL cultures (26.51%, p = 0.049), indicating EA contamination. The odds of EA contamination increased by eight-fold 24 hours after intubation. EA was also more likely to be contaminated with oral flora when compared with NBBL cultures. There was a trend toward decreased antibiotic use in patients with positive EA cultures if paired with a negative NBBL culture. Alveolar immune cell populations were recovered from NBBL samples, indicating successful alveolar sampling. There were no major complications from NBBL. CONCLUSIONS: NBBL is more accurate than EA for respiratory cultures in critically ill, intubated patients. NBBL provides a safe and effective technique to sample the alveolar space for both clinical and research purposes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThi Thanh Ngan Nguyen, Ee Mei Choo, Yukio Nakamura, Ryuji Suzuki, Takashi Shiina, Tadasu Shin-I, Mizuki Fukuta, Co Thach Nguyen, Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen, Le Khanh Hang Nguyen, Vu Mai Phuong Hoang, Kouichi Morita, Duc Anh Dang, Futoshi Hasebe, Thi Quynh Mai Le, Meng Ling Moi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
SARS-CoV-2 transmission and epidemic potential has been associated with population’ immunity levels [1]–[6]. Prior to the emergence of newer variants of concern (VOC), COVID-19 incidence and number of deaths in Vietnam were substantially lower than those in Southeast Asia, and the country had ranked as one of the best in terms of its COVID-19 response. The low rates of infection until 2020 have been attributed to successful movement control orders (MCOs) restricting movement within national and international borders in Vietnam.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence of an association of severe COVID-19 outcomes with increased body mass index (BMI) and male sex. However, few studies have examined the interaction between sex and BMI on SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics.MethodsParticipants conducted RT-PCR testing every 24-48 hours over a 15-day period. Sex and BMI were self-reported, and Ct values from E-gene were used to quantify viral load. Three distinct outcomes were examined using mixed effects generalized linear models, linear models, and logistic models, respectively: all Ct values (Model 1); nadir Ct value (model 2); and strongly detectable infection (at least one Ct value ≤28 during their infection) (Model 3). An interaction term between BMI and sex was included, and inverse logit transformations were applied to quantify the differences by BMI and sex using marginal predictions.ResultsIn total, 7,988 participants enrolled in this study, and 439 participants (Model 1) and 309 (Model 2 and 3) were eligible for these analyses. Among males, increasing BMI was associated with lower Ct values in a dose-response fashion. For participants with BMIs greater than 29, males had significantly lower Ct values and nadir Ct values than females. In total, 67.8% of males and 55.3% of females recorded a strongly detectable infection; increasing proportions of men had Ct values
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Strange are the opportunities that presented themselves and where the path led during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It all began when I was at a National Institutes of Health (NIH) study section on 5–6 March 2020 in Washington, DC, expecting to fly to Boston for the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) when a Friday email announced the cancellation of in-person attendance at the conference (wisely). I had been looking forward to CROI, having worked for weeks to get visa appointments for two Ugandan scientists to travel to CROI to present their cryptococcal meningitis abstracts. My team makes an effort always to present cryptococcal abstracts at CROI so that people do not forget that opportunistic infections still exist worldwide. In March 2020, we were excited to have just launched a phase 2 trial to test oral amphotericin B formulation for cryptococcal meningitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYing Li, Zhiyong Wu, Yi Yan, Yue Shi, Jiaming Huang, Hui Du, Qing Du, Yang Li, Yaxin Lin, Di Liu, Xiaoxia Lu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first reported in Wuhan, is a public health emergency of international concern [1]. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented at the individual, environmental, community, and country levels to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 [2]. Meanwhile, it is generally accepted that NPIs also have broad effects on other respiratory viruses and can modify the epidemiological features of respiratory viruses [3-6].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWoodland, L., Smith, L. E., Webster, R. K., Amlot, R., Rubin, J. G.
BMJ Open, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
ObjectivesTo prevent the spread of infectious disease, children are typically asked not to attend school, clubs or other activities, or socialise with others while they have specific symptoms. Despite this, many children continue to participate in these activities while symptomatic. Design and settingWe commissioned a national cross-sectional survey with data collected between 19 November and 18 December 2021. ParticipantsEligible parents (n=941) were between 18 and 75 years of age, lived in the UK and had at least one child aged between 4 and 17 years. Parents were recruited from a pre-existing pool of potential respondents who had already expressed an interest in receiving market research surveys. Outcome measuresParents were asked whether their children had exhibited either recent vomiting, diarrhoea, high temperature/fever, a new continuous cough, a loss or change to their sense of taste or smell in the absence of a negative (PCR) COVID-19 test (‘stay-at-home symptoms’) since September 2021 and whether they attended school, engaged in other activities outside the home or socialised with members of another household while symptomatic (‘non-adherent’). We also measured parent’s demographics and attitudes about illness. ResultsOne-third (33%, n=84/251, 95% CI: 28% to 39%) of children were ‘non-adherent’ in that they had attended activities outside the home or socialised when they had stay-at-home symptoms. Children were significantly more likely to be non-adherent when parents were aged 45 and younger; they allowed their children to make their own decisions about school attendance; they agreed that their child should go to school if they took over-the-counter medication; or they believed that children should go to school if they have mild symptoms of illness. ConclusionTo reduce the risk of spreading disease, parents and teenagers need guidance to help them make informed decisions about engaging in activities and socialising with others while unwell.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNishat, J. F., Khan, U. S., Shovo, T.-E.-A., Ahammed, B., Rahman, M. M., Hossain, M. T.
BMJ Open, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
ObjectivesThis study was designed to identify the patterns, prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) against female adolescents and its association with mental health problems. DesignCross-sectional survey. SettingsDumuria Upazila (subdistrict) under the Khulna district of Bangladesh. ParticipantsA total of 304 participants were selected purposively based on some specifications: they must be female adolescents, residents of Dumuria Upazila and married during the COVID-19 pandemic when under 18 years of age. Outcome measuresBy administering a semi-structured interview schedule, data were collected regarding IPV using 12 five-point Likert scale items; a higher score from the summation reflects frequent violence. ResultsThe findings suggest that the prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional IPV among the 304 participants, who had an average age of 17.1 years (SD=1.42), was 89.5%, 87.8% and 93.7%, respectively, whereas 12.2% of the participants experienced severe physical IPV, 9.9% experienced severe sexual IPV and 10.5% experienced severe emotional IPV. Stepwise regression models identified age at marriage (p=0.001), number of miscarriages (p=0.005), education of spouse (p=0.001), income of spouse (p=0.016), age gap between spouses (p=0.008), marital adjustment (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndersen, C. M., Mathiesen, A. S., Pouwer, F., Mouritsen, J. D., Mathiasen, K., Rothmann, M. J.
BMJ Open, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
IntroductionDiabetes distress has been defined as \'the negative emotional or affective experience resulting from the challenge of living with the demands of diabetes\'. Diabetes distress affects 20%–25% of individuals living with diabetes and can have negative effects on both diabetes regulation and quality of life. For people living with diabetes distress, innovative tools/interventions such as online or app-based interventions may potentially alleviate diabetes distress in a cost-effective way. The specific research questions of this scoping review are: (1) what are the effects of online or app-based interventions on diabetes distress for adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and (2) what are the characteristics of these interventions (eg, type of intervention, duration, frequency, mode of delivery, underlying theories and working mechanisms)? Methods and analysisA scoping review will be conducted, using the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley along with Levac et al. Eligible studies are: studies of adults ≥18 years old with type 1 or 2 diabetes using an online or app-based intervention and assessing diabetes distress as the primary or secondary outcome. Five databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus) will be searched and is limited to articles written in English, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish or Dutch. Two reviewers will independently screen potentially eligible studies in Covidence, select studies, and together chart data, collate, summarise, and report the results. We will adhere to the Preferred reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review has been exempt from full ethical review by the Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark (case number: S-20232000-88). The results of the review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences and workshops with relevant stakeholders.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Abstract Background Since its beginnings in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic is still a problem of global medical concern. Southern Vietnam is one of the country\'s vast regions, including 20 provinces and the densely populated metropolis Ho Chi Minh City. A randomized retrospective study was performed to investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of COVID-19. Whole-genome sequencing of 126 SARS-CoV-2 samples collected from Southern Vietnam between January 2020 and December 2021 revealed the main circulating variants and their distribution. Methods Epidemiological data were obtained from the Department of Preventive Medicine of the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. To identify circulating variants, RNA, extracted from 126 nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with suspected COVID-19 were sequenced on Illunina MiSeq to obtain near complete genomes SARS-CoV-2. Results Due to the effectiveness of restrictive measures in Vietnam, it was possible to keep incidence at a low level. The partial relaxation of restrictive measures, and the spread of Delta lineages, contributed to the beginning of a logarithmic increase in incidence. Lineages 20A-H circulated in Southern Vietnam during 2020. Spread of the Delta lineage in Southern Vietnam began in March 2021, causing a logarithmic rise in the number of COVID-19 cases. Conclusions Pandemic dynamics in Southern Vietnam feature specific variations in incidence, and these reflect the success of the restrictive measures put in place during the early stages of the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Abstract Background Immunosuppressive therapies have become a cornerstone of the management of severe COVID-19. The impact of these therapies on secondary infections and antimicrobial prescribing remains unclear. We sought to assess antimicrobial use and the incidence of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with severe COVID-19, and to explore their associations with receipt of immunosuppressive therapies. Methods Our retrospective cohort study included 715 hospitalised, adult patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to St George’s Hospital, London, UK, during the first UK pandemic wave (1st March–10th June 2020). Co-infections (occurring within 48 h of admission) and secondary infections (≥ 48 h) were defined as a positive microbiological culture with supporting clinical, radiological or laboratory data to suggest true infection. Cox regression models with time-dependent covariates were used to explore the association between immunosuppressant use and secondary infection. Results Microbiologically confirmed co-infection occurred in 4.2% (n = 30) and secondary infection in 9.3% (n = 66) of the cohort (n = 715) and were associated with in-hospital mortality (48% vs 35%, OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.1–2.7, p = 0.01). Respiratory (n = 41, 39%) and bloodstream infections (n = 38, 36%) predominated, with primarily Gram-negative pathogens. 606 (84.7%) patients received an antimicrobial, amounting to 742 days of therapy per 1000 patient-days (DOTs). In multivariable models, receipt of high-dose steroids (≥ 30 mg prednisolone or equivalent) or tocilizumab was significantly associated with increased antimicrobial consumption (+ 5.5 DOTs, 95%CI 3.4–7.7 days) but not secondary infection (HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.26–1.18). Conclusions Bacterial and fungal infections in severe COVID-19 were uncommon. Receipt of steroids or tocilizumab was independently associated with antimicrobial consumption despite its lack of association with secondary infection. These findings should galvanise efforts to promote antimicrobial stewardship in patients with COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Abstract Introduction In Sofala province (Mozambique), young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) are estimated at 7% among people aged 15–24 years. Even though the COVID-19 pandemic threatened HIV health services, data on the impact of COVID-19 on YPLHIV people are lacking. This study aimed at exploring the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and associated factors among young people based on their HIV status. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including people aged 18–24 attending a visit at one of the adolescent-friendly health services in Sofala province between October and November 2022. People vaccinated against SARS-COV-2 or YPLHIV with WHO stage III-IV were excluded. A SARS-CoV-2 antibodies qualitative test and a questionnaire investigating socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were proposed. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was calculated with Clopper-Pearson method. The odds ratio (OR) of a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies test was estimated through multivariable binomial logistic regression. Results In total, 540 young people including 65.8% women and 16.7% YPLHIV participated in the survey.. The mean age was 20.2 years (SD 2.0). Almost all the sample (96.1%) reported adopting at least one preventive measure for COVID-19. The weighted seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the whole sample was 46.8% (95%CI 42.6–51.2) and 35.9% (95%CI 25.3–47.5) in YPLHIV. The adjusted OR of testing positive at the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies test was higher in students compared to workers (aOR:2.02[0.95CI 1.01–4.21]) and in those with symptoms (aOR:1.52[0.95CI 1.01–2.30]). There were no differences based on HIV status(aOR:0.663[95%CI 0.406–1.069]). Overall, COVID-19 symptoms were reported by 68 (28.2%) people with a positive serological SARS-CoV-2 test and by 7 (21.7%) YPLHIV (p = 0.527). No one required hospitalization. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 46.8% without differences in risk of infection or clinical presentation based on HIV status. This result may be influenced by the exclusion of YPLHIV with advanced disease. The higher risk among students suggests the schools’ role in spreading the virus. It’s important to continue monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on YPLHIV to better understand its effect on screening and adherence to treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJonathan Jin, Huda Al-Shamali, Lorraine Smith-MacDonald, Matthew Reeson, Wanda Polzin, Yifeng Wei, Hannah Pazderka, Peter H. Silverstone, Andrew J. Greenshaw
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
by Jonathan Jin, Huda Al-Shamali, Lorraine Smith-MacDonald, Matthew Reeson, Wanda Polzin, Yifeng Wei, Hannah Pazderka, Peter H. Silverstone, Andrew J. Greenshaw Background Difficulties in access to therapy were highlighted by COVID-19 measures restricting in-person gatherings. Additional challenges arise when focusing on caregivers of child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors in particular, which are a population that has been historically difficult to engage with due to issues of stigma and confidentiality. Objectives To present preliminary qualitative results from caregivers of CSA survivors. Methods This study was conducted with caregivers of CSA survivors. Two hybrid webinar/focus groups were conducted using a video conferencing platform in fall of 2021 with two groups of stakeholders (11 caregivers and 5 moderators/clinical staff at Little Warriors, an intensive episodic treatment facility). Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and thematically-analyzed using standard qualitative methodology. Results A total of 11 caregivers contributed to the data. Themes include: (1) Challenges of starting and maintaining treatment (i.e., emotional impact of intake day, challenges of enrolling), (2) Therapeutic benefits of specialized treatment (i.e., feeling safe and supported and the importance of trauma-informed care), and (3) Barriers and facilitators of treatment (i.e., avenues to scale-up and self-care). Conclusion The importance of a strong therapeutic alliance was highlighted by both caregivers/clinical staff and further support is needed for families post-treatment. The present hybrid webinar/focus group also achieved engagement goals in a population that is typically difficult to reach. Overall, the response rate (12%) was equivalent to reported registrant attendance rates for general business to consumer webinars and the recommended focus group size. This preliminary approach warrants replication in other populations outside our clinical context.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJaclyn Schess, Lydia Bennett-Li, Richard Velleman, Urvita Bhatia, Alexander Catalano, Abhijeet Jambhale, Abhijit Nadkarni
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
by Jaclyn Schess, Lydia Bennett-Li, Richard Velleman, Urvita Bhatia, Alexander Catalano, Abhijeet Jambhale, Abhijit Nadkarni Globally, alcohol consumption causes significant societal harm and is a leading risk factor for death and disability in adults. In India, 3.7% of all deaths and 3.1% disability adjusted life years (DALYs) can be attributed to alcohol. In the context of rapid economic development and emphasized by the COVID-19 pandemic, India’s lack of a consolidated and comprehensive alcohol policy has posed significant challenges to addressing this harm. In this context, the aim of our review was to undertake a comprehensive mapping of the State and national policy environment surrounding alcohol and its use in India, based on an analysis of policy documents. We did this though a scoping review of academic and grey literature, which helped to iteratively identify the websites of 15 international organizations, 21 Indian non-governmental organizations, and eight Indian Federal governmental organizations as well as State/Union Territory government sites, to search for relevant policy documents. We identified 19 Federal policy documents and 36 State level policy documents within which we have identified the specific policy measures which address the 10 categories of the World Health Organization’s Global Action Plan to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol. We found that there are major gaps in regulation of marketing and price controls, with much of this controlled by the States. In addition, regulation of availability of alcohol varies widely throughout the country, which is also a policy area controlled locally by States. Through the clear elucidation of the current policy environment surrounding alcohol in India, policy makers, researchers and advocates can create a clearer roadmap for future reform.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 17 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Eugenio Valdano
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPlantinga, Coen; Klompmaker, Peter; Haaksma, Mark E.; Mousa, Amne; Blok, Siebe G.; Heldeweg, Micah L.A.; Paulus, Frederique; Schultz, Marcus J.; Tuinman, Pieter R.
Critical Care Medicine, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Objectives: To assess the effect of incorporating bilateral abnormalities as detected by lung ultrasound (LUS) in the Kigali modification and the New Global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on the occurrence rate of ARDS. Design: Post hoc analysis of a previously published prospective cohort study. Setting: An academic mixed medical-surgical ICU. Patients: The original study included critically ill adults with any opacity on chest radiography in whom subsequent LUS was performed. Patients with ARDS according to the Berlin definition, COVID-19 patients and patients with major thorax trauma were excluded. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: LUS was performed within 24 hours of chest radiography and the presence of unilateral and bilateral abnormalities on LUS and chest radiograph (opacities) was scored. Subsequently, the Kigali modification and the New Global definition of ARDS were applied by two independent researchers on the patients with newly found bilateral opacities. Of 120 patients, 116 were included in this post hoc analysis. Thirty-three patients had bilateral opacities on LUS and unilateral opacities on chest radiograph. Fourteen of these patients had ARDS according to the Kigali modification and 12 had ARDS according to the New Global definition. The detected LUS patterns were significantly different between patients with and without ARDS (p = 0.004). An A-profile with a positive PosteroLateral Alveolar and/or Pleural Syndrome was most prevalent in patients without ARDS, whereas heterogeneous and mixed A, B, and C patterns were most prevalent in patients with ARDS. Conclusion: The addition of bilateral abnormalities as detected by LUS to the Kigali modification and the New Global definition increases the occurrence rate of the ARDS. The nomenclature for LUS needs to be better defined as LUS patterns differ between patients with and without ARDS. Incorporating well-defined LUS criteria can increase specificity and sensitivity of new ARDS definitions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKennalley, A. L., Fanelli, J. L., Furst, J. A., Mynarski, N. J., Jarvis, M. A., Nichols, S. D., McCall, K. L., Piper, B. J.
BMJ Open, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
ObjectivesOpioid use disorder (OUD) is a major public health concern in the USA, resulting in high rates of overdose and other negative outcomes. Methadone, an OUD treatment, has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of overdose and improving overall health and quality of life. This study analysed the distribution of methadone for the treatment of OUD across the USA over the past decade and through the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignRetrospective observational study using secondary data analysis of the Drug Enforcement Administration and Medicaid Databases. SettingUSA. ParticipantsPatients who were dispensed methadone at US opioid treatment programmes (OTPs). Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the overall pattern in methadone distribution and the number of OTPs in the USA per year. The secondary outcome was Medicaid prescriptions for methadone. ResultsMethadone distribution for OUD has expanded significantly over the past decade, with an average state increase of +96.96% from 2010 to 2020. There was a significant increase in overall distribution of methadone to OTP from 2010 to 2020 (+61.00%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Abstract Background Defining patterns of symptoms in long COVID is necessary to advance therapies for this heterogeneous condition. Here we aimed to describe clusters of symptoms in individuals with long COVID and explore the impact of the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) and vaccination on these clusters. Methods In a prospective, multi centre cohort study, individuals with symptoms persisting > 4 weeks from acute COVID-19 were divided into two groups based on timing of acute infection; pre-Alpha VOC, denoted wild type (WT) group and post-Alpha VOC (incorporating alpha and delta dominant periods) denoted VOC group. We used multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical clustering in the WT and VOC groups to identify symptom clusters. We then used logistic regression to explore factors associated with individual symptoms. Results A total of 417 individuals were included in the analysis, 268 in WT and 149 in VOC groups respectively. In both groups MCA identified three similar clusters; a musculoskeletal (MSK) cluster characterised by joint pain and myalgia, a cardiorespiratory cluster and a less symptomatic cluster. Differences in characteristic symptoms were only seen in the cardiorespiratory cluster where a decrease in the frequency of palpitations (10% vs 34% p = 0.008) and an increase in cough (63% vs 17% p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Post-COVID-19-Syndrome (PCS) frequently occurs after an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the understanding of causative mechanisms is still limited. Aim of this study was to determine the PCS rate among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive blood donors as representatives of supposedly healthy adults, who had experienced an asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease course, and to examine whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is reactivated in individuals reporting PCS. Methods The PCS rate was determined using questionnaires that included questions about infection and persistent symptoms. Pre-pandemic blood samples and samples collected at regular, pre-defined times after a SARS-CoV-2 infection were analysed for neopterin, a marker for antiviral immune responses, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, we determined the rate of SARS-CoV-2 anti-N total antibodies using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect EBV DNA and ECLIA screening for EBV viral capsid-antigen (VCA) IgM, IgG and EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA) IgG were performed. Results Our data reveal that 18% of all infections result in PCS, with symptoms lasting for up to one year. In individuals reporting PCS, no elevated levels of neopterin were detected, indicating no persisting pro-inflammatory, antiviral immune response. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were declining in all participants in comparable manner over time, pointing to a successful virus clearance. In individuals with PCS, no EBV DNA could be detected. Furthermore, no differences in EBV specific antibody levels could be shown in PCS groups compared to non-PCS groups. Conclusion Our data suggest that PCS in per se healthy, immunocompetent adults cannot be ascribed to a reactivation of EBV.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe PLOS ONE Staff
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Shuguang Zhao, Jue Zhou, Ting Wang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Shuguang Zhao, Jue Zhou, Ting Wang While conspiracy theories have received extensive attention in the realm of misinformation, there has been limited research exploring the impact of conspiracy mentality on individuals’ preventive behaviors during acute public health crises. This study investigates how conspiracy mentality may affect compliance with preventive health measures necessary to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, and the underlying emotional and cognitive mediators. Data was collected through a survey among 1878 Chinese respondents at the conclusion of the pandemic. The results indicate that individuals with higher levels of conspiracy mentality are significantly less engaged in preventive behaviors. Furthermore, this correlation is mediated by a sequence of mediating factors, starting from anger leading to institutional distrust and fear leading to perceived risk. Conspiracists’ response mode can be described as a state of \'attentive immobility,\' in which the impact of heightened institutional distrust outweighs their perceptions of risk, ultimately reducing engagement in preventive behaviors during crises. These findings underscore the importance of debunking initiatives that aim to address and mitigate the negative consequences of conspiracy mentality by targeting the mediating psychological processes during future pandemic threats.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRaya Al-Bataineh, Mohammed Al-Hammouri, Wafa’a Al-Jaraideh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Raya Al-Bataineh, Mohammed Al-Hammouri, Wafa’a Al-Jaraideh Background The catastrophe caused by the Coronavirus disease has affected all services worldwide. A range of policies were introduced to slow the virus spread, which in turn, affected the accessibility and quality of healthcare services. This was a problematic and concerning for patients with chronic diseases, such as patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), due to their sustained need for ongoing health care. The aims of the study were: 1) assessing the level of both accessibility and quality of healthcare services during the Covid-19 pandemic from the DM and CRD patients’ perspectives, 2) assessing the association between the patients’ socio-demographics and their perspectives on health services accessibility and quality, and 3) exploring the perspectives of DM and CRD patients on barriers and facilitators of health services accessibility and quality during the era of COVID -19. Method Design. A sequential explanatory mixed-method was used in this study. In the quantitative part, a self -administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 300 patients with DM and/or CRD. In the qualitative part, focus group approach was used to collect data from 25 patients.Setting. Public, private and teaching hospitals were involved.Analysis. SPSS Version 25 was used to analyze the quantitative data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results The quantitative findings indicated that almost 99% of the participating patients perceived barriers, ranging from low to high, to accessing health services during COVID-19. Additionally, more than half of the sample perceived low to moderate level of quality of health services. Four themes and nine subthemes related to barriers and facilitators were identified in the qualitative part of the study. Conclusion The study revealed that both quality and accessibility of healthcare services for DM and CRD patients were impacted during the era of COVID -19. The findings lay the ground for developing future health programs and establishing or revising policies with the goal of improving healthcare services quality and accessibility for the target population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMuhammad Abdul Rehman, Unaiza Naeem, Anooja Rani, Umm E. Salma Shabbar Banatwala, Afia Salman, Muhammad Abdullah Khalid, Areeba Ikram, Erfa Tahir
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Muhammad Abdul Rehman, Unaiza Naeem, Anooja Rani, Umm E. Salma Shabbar Banatwala, Afia Salman, Muhammad Abdullah Khalid, Areeba Ikram, Erfa Tahir Background Virtual multidisciplinary team meetings (VMDTM) provide a standard of care that is not limited by physical distance or social restrictions. And so, when the COVID-19 pandemic imposed irrefutable social restrictions and made in-person meetings impossible, many hospitals switched to the VMDTMs. Although the pandemic might have highlighted the ease of VMDTMs, these virtual meetings have existed over the past decade, albeit less in importance. Despite their recent importance, no review has previously assessed the feasibility of VMDTMs through the eyes of the participants, the barriers participants face, nor their comparison with the in-person format. We undertook this scoping review to map existing literature and assess the perspectives of VMDTM participants. Material and methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from inception till July 1st, 2023 to select studies that evaluated the perspectives of participants of VMDTMs regarding the core components that make up a VMDMT. Four authors, independently, extracted data from all included studies. Two authors separated data into major themes and sub-themes. Results We identified six core, intrinsic aspects of a VMDTM that are essential to its structure: (1) organization, (2) case discussion and decision-making, (3) teamwork and communication, (4) training and education, (5) technology, and (6) patient-related aspect. VMDTMs have a high overall satisfaction rating amongst participants. The preference, however, is for a hybrid model of multidisciplinary teams. VMDTMs offer support to isolated physicians, help address complex cases, and offer information that may not be available elsewhere. The periodical nature of VMDTMs is appropriate for their consideration as CMEs. Adequate technology is paramount to the sustenance of the format. Conclusion VMDTMs are efficient and offer a multidisciplinary consensus without geographical limitations. Despite certain technical and social limitations, VMDTM participants are highly satisfied with the format, although the preference lies with a hybrid model.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAna Castro-Avila, Catalina Merino-Osorio, Felipe González-Seguel, Agustín Camus-Molina, Felipe Muñoz-Muñoz, Jaime Leppe, on behalf of the IMPACCT COVID-19 study group
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Ana Castro-Avila, Catalina Merino-Osorio, Felipe González-Seguel, Agustín Camus-Molina, Felipe Muñoz-Muñoz, Jaime Leppe, on behalf of the IMPACCT COVID-19 study group Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as a natural experiment to test how bed occupancy affects post-intensive care unit (ICU) patient’s functional outcomes. To compare by bed occupancy the frequency of mental, physical, and cognitive impairments in patients admitted to ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Prospective cohort of adults mechanically ventilated >48 hours in 19 ICUs from seven Chilean public and private hospitals. Ninety percent of nationwide beds occupied was the cut-off for low versus high bed occupancy. At ICU discharge, 3- and 6-month follow-up, we assessed disability using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Quality of life, mental, physical, and cognitive outcomes were also evaluated following the core outcome set for acute respiratory failure. Results We enrolled 252 participants, 103 (41%) during low and 149 (59%) during high bed occupancy. Patients treated during high occupancy were younger (P50 [P25-P75]: 55 [44–63] vs 61 [51–71]; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
AbstractObjectiveTo develop next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques for Mpox viral clade and lineage analysis.MethodsMpox DNA was extracted from DCHHS patients using QIAamp DSP DNA Blood Mini Kit. The Mpox Sequencing workflow adapted Illumina’s COVIDSeq assay using hMpox primer pools from Yale School of Public Health. Sequencing steps started with amplifying cDNA amplicons, tagmentation, PCR indexing, pooling libraries, sequencing on Illumina MiSeq, analysis and report generation. The bioinformatic analysis comprised of read assembly and consensus sequence mapping to reference genomes and variant identification, and utilized pipelines including Illumina BaseSpace, NextClade, CLC Workbench, Terra.bio TheiaCov_Illumina_PE Workflow for data QC and validation.Results171 Mpox samples were sequenced using modified COVIDSeq workflow and QC metrics were assessed for sequencing read quality, depth, and coverage. Multiple analysis pipelines identified the West African Clade IIb as the only clade during peak Mpox infection from July through October 2022. Analyses also indicated lineage B.1.2 as dominant variant comprising majority of Mpox viral genomes (77.7%) implying its geographical distribution in the USA. Viral sequences were uploaded to GISAID EpiPox global database.ConclusionsWe developed NGS workflows to precisely detect and analyze Mpox viral clade and lineages and aid in genomic surveillance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Infectious Disease Modelling, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Suparinthon Anupong, Tanakorn Chantanasaro, Chaiwat Wilasang, Natcha C. Jitsuk, Chayanin Sararat, Kan Sornbundit, Busara Pattanasiri, Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Mohan Amarasiri, Sudarat Chadsuthi, Charin Modchang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBeili Wang, Wenjing Yang, Yexin Tong, Mingjun Sun, Sheng Quan, Jing Zhu, Qianwen Zhang, Zhaoyu Qin, Yanxia Ni, Ying Zhao, Kouqiong Wang, Chunyan Zhang, Yichi Zhang, Zhenxin Wang, Zhenju Song, Huafen Liu, Hao Fang, Ziqing Kong, Chen Ding, Wei Guo
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Yumin Kim, Yeongmin Kim, Hyobin Julianne Lim, Dae‐Kyum Kim, Ji‐Hwan Park, Chang‐Myung Oh
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Adam AltmejdOlof ÖstergrenEvelina BjörkegrenTorsten PerssonaSwedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, SwedenbDepartment of Finance, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm 106 91, SwedencDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, SwedendAging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, SwedeneDepartment of Economics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, SwedenfInstitute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, SwedengSuntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 46, November 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBeatriz Martinelli Menezes Gonçalves, Rossana Pulcinelli V. Franco, Agatha S. Rodrigues
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Beatriz Martinelli Menezes Gonçalves, Rossana Pulcinelli V. Franco, Agatha S. Rodrigues
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKosuke Ishizuka, Taiju Miyagami, Tomoya Tsuchida, Mizue Saita, Yoshiyuki Ohira, Toshio Naito
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Kosuke Ishizuka, Taiju Miyagami, Tomoya Tsuchida, Mizue Saita, Yoshiyuki Ohira, Toshio Naito Prolonged symptoms that occur after COVID-19 (long-COVID) vary from mild, which do not interfere with daily life, to severe, which require long-term social support. This study assessed the secular trend in online searches on long-COVID in Japan. We conducted an observational study using data provided by Yahoo! JAPAN on the monthly search volume of query terms related to long-COVID from January 2020 to December 2022, including the search volume of the query “コロナ後遺症” (long-COVID in Japanese). The number of new cases of COVID-19 by month was used as a control for search trends, and the symptoms retrieved in conjunction with long-COVID were compared. Trends in online searches for each symptom of long-COVID were analyzed. The symptoms of long-COVID were classified according to “Component 1—Symptoms and Complaints” of the International Classification of Primary Care, 2nd edition (ICPC-2). Interest in long-COVID increased in response to peaks in the number of new cases of COVID-19 in Japan. The most frequent symptom searches with long-COVID were hair loss/baldness (3,530, 21,400, and 33,600 searches in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively), cough (340, 7,900 and 138,910 searches in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively), disturbance of smell/taste (230, 13,340, and 44,160 searches in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively), and headache (580, 6,180, and 42,870 searches in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively). In addition, the ranking of interest in “weakness/tiredness, general” in long-COVID increased each year (not in the top 10 in 2020, seventh in 2021, and second in 2022), and the absolute number of searches also increased. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate secular trends in online interest in long-COVID in the world. Continued monitoring of online interest in long-COVID is necessary to prepare for a possible increase in the number of patients with long-COVID.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedParry, W., Fraser, C., Crellin, E., Hughes, J., Vestesson, E., Clarke, G. M.
BMJ Open, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
ObjectivesInvestigate trends in continuity of care with a general practitioner (GP) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identify whether continuity of care is associated with consultation mode, controlling for other patient and practice characteristics. DesignRetrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies. SettingPrimary care records from 389 general practices participating in Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum in England. ParticipantsIn the descriptive analysis, 100 000+ patients were included each month between April 2018 and April 2021. Modelling of the association between continuity of care and consultation mode focused on 153 475 and 125 298 patients in index months of February 2020 (before the pandemic) and February 2021 (during the pandemic) respectively, and 76 281 patients in both index months. Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe primary outcome measure was the Usual Provider of Care index. Secondary outcomes included the Bice-Boxerman index and count of consultations with the most frequently seen GP. ResultsContinuity of care was gradually declining before the pandemic but stabilised during it. There were consistent demographic, socioeconomic and regional differences in continuity of care. An average of 23% of consultations were delivered remotely in the year to February 2020 compared with 76% in February 2021. We found little evidence consultation mode was associated with continuity at the patient level, controlling for a range of covariates. In contrast, patient characteristics and practice-level supply and demand were associated with continuity. ConclusionsWe set out to examine the association of consultation mode with continuity of care but found that GP supply and patient demand were much more important. To improve continuity for patients, primary care capacity needs to increase. This requires sufficient, long-term investment in clinicians, staff, facilities and digital infrastructure. General practice also needs to transform ways of working to ensure continuity for those that need it, even in a capacity-constrained environment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Abstract Background In Turku, Finland, we introduced a home oxygen treatment and app-based monitoring program for hospitalized COVID-19 patients to facilitate an early discharge during the Omicron wave. In this case series we explore the clinical parameters of patients enrolled in the program and evaluate the cost–benefit and safety issues of the program. Methods Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with marked hypoxemia but otherwise in stable condition were screened from Turku City Hospital and Turku University Hospital by treating doctors for eligibility in the program. Peripheral oxygen saturation of > 92% and breathing frequency
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWahome, Elizabeth; Otieno, Fredrick O.; Kimani, Joshua; Boyd, Anders; Okall, Duncan; Nzioka, Joseph; Gichuru, Evans; van der Elst, Elise; Mehta, Supriya D.; Bailey, Robert C.; Graham, Susan M.; Sanders, Eduard J.
AIDS, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Introduction: Little is known about the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on risk of HIV acquisition in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the impact of COVID-19-related clinic closures on HIV incidence in a cohort of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Kenya. Methods: MSM and TW enrolled in a prospective, multicenter cohort study were followed quarterly for HIV testing, behavior assessments, and risk. We estimated the HIV incidence rate (IR) and its 95% credible intervals (CrI) among participants who were HIV-negative before COVID-19-related clinic closure, comparing IR and risk factors associated with HIV acquisition before vs. after clinic reopening, using a Bayesian Poisson model with weakly-informative priors. Results: A total of 690 (87%) participants returned for follow-up after clinic reopening [total person-years (PY) 664.3 during clinic closure and 1013.3 after clinic reopening]. HIV IR declined from 2.05/100PY (95%CrI = 1.22–3.26, n = 14) during clinic closures to 0.96/100PY (95%CrI = 0.41–2.07, n = 10) after clinic reopening (IRR = 0.47, 95%CrI = 0.20–1.01). The proportion of participants reporting hazardous alcohol use and several sexual risk behaviors was higher during clinic closures than after clinic reopening. In multivariable analysis adjusting for study site and participant characteristics, HIV incidence was lower after clinic reopening (IRR 0.57, 95%CrI = 0.23–1.33). Independent risk factors for HIV acquisition included receptive anal intercourse (IRR 1.94, 95%CrI = 0.88–4.80) and perceived risk of HIV (IRR 3.03, 95%CRI = 1.40–6.24). Conclusions: HIV incidence during COVID-19-related clinic closures was moderately increased and reduced after COVID-19 restrictions were eased. Ensuring access to services for key populations is important during public health emergencies. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMario Saviano, Annalisa Fierro, Antonella Liccardo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
by Mario Saviano, Annalisa Fierro, Antonella Liccardo We propose a deterministic epidemic model to describe the transition between two variants of the same virus, through the combination of a series of realistic mechanisms such as partial cross immunity, waning immunity for vaccinated individuals and a novel data-based algorithm to describe the average immunological status of the population. The model is validated on the evolution of Covid-19 in Italy, during the period in which the transition between Delta and Omicron variant occurred, with very satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. According to our model, if the vaccine efficacy had been equal against Delta and Omicron variant infections, the transition would have been smoothed and the epidemic would have gone extinct. This circumstance confirms the fundamental role of vaccines in combating the epidemic, and the importance of identifying vaccines capable of intercepting new variants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundPublished studies about mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effects focus on younger individuals comprising the majority of workforce. However, studies about elderly adults are sparse.Methods107 subjects (median 78 (IQR 58.5-90.5, range 35-105) yo) were recruited, and factors associated with antibody titer after the third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were analyzed between 49 elderly (age ≥80, median 94 (IQR 86-97, range 80-105) yo) and 58 younger (≤79, median 61 (IQR 46-71, range 35-79) yo) adults.ResultsAmong BMI categories, the underweight group in elderly adults had a lower antibody titer compared to the normal weight group (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
A recent analysis found only a modest difference in outcomes after in-person medical visits compared with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, “suggesting that telephone or video telemedicine was still capable of addressing most patient clinical concern areas,” the researchers wrote.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient, functioning as an antioxidant, immunomodulator, and cofactor for numerous enzymes. Vitamin C represents the definitive treatment for scurvy, which results from vitamin C deficiency. However, beyond this unequivocally beneficial indication, the history of vitamin C as a therapeutic is decidedly more checkered. Varying doses of vitamin C have been proposed to treat a large number of conditions and diseases ranging from cancer to cardiovascular disease to dementia to the common cold; however, despite numerous clinical trials, there is little evidence to support its routine use for any of these indications.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Two randomized clinical trials were harmonized to compare the effect of vitamin C vs control on outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were critically ill or who were not critically ill.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Staphylococcal infections among hospitalized patients, due to both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains, are a substantial problem in the US. S aureus was the leading causative pathogen among health care–associated infections (HAIs) identified during the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) 2015 national HAI prevalence survey (excluding Clostridioides difficile), accounting for 23% of all health care–associated bloodstream infections. Despite an overall 74% decline in the incidence of hospital-onset MRSA bloodstream infections from 2005 to 2016, these rates did not significantly change between 2013 and 2016. More sobering, strides made in the past 15 years in reducing HAIs in acute care settings, including those due to S aureus, markedly receded during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedde Haan, L., ten Wolde, M., Beudel, M., Olde Engberink, R. H. G., Appelman, B., Haspels-Hogervorst, E. K., Rusch, D., Gritters van den Oever, N. C., Simsek, S., Paternotte, N., van den Bergh, J. P., Wyers, C. E., de Kruif, M. D., Dormans, T., Moeniralam, H., Bokhizzou, N., Brinkman, K., Douma, R., on behalf of The Dutch COVID-PREDICT study group, Beudel, Appelman, Douma, Rusch, Simsek, Brinkman, van den Oever, Bergh, Moeniralam, Bokhizzou, Kruif, Leavis, Pina-Fuentes, Thomas, Arts, Nurmohamed, Reeskamp, Hu, Herter, Vonk, Lopes, Ramos, Huberts, Wolfers, Schinkel, Kuij, Dormans, Noordzij, Bosch, Verhoef, Methorst, Darwesh, Egmond, Nasim, Ali, Boer, Nagel, Koenis, Bijlsma, Balvers, Ghauharali, Jongh, Emanuel, Aynaou, Ridder, Darraz, Darraz, Cinar, Roosen, Heideman, Leliveld, Ruijter, Rosenberg, Woutman, Vermeulen, de Joode, Berger, Ludden, Varan, Pinto, Sluis, Kuiper, Putten, Bosje, Sinyangwe, Rhijn, Kruif, Haan, Heijer, Kruijf, Hofhuis, Leliveld, Vermeulen, Telting, Boer, Ridder, Lei, Paassen, Veer, Opschoor, Breukhoven, Jiwa, Gooyer, Vrijdag, Gelder, Pannekoek, Dommershuijzen, Adang, Maren, Koop, Sanders, Wanten, Trommelen, Smeets, Heuvelings, Cox, Rademaekers, Hendrikx, Rooij, Heuts, Oudeman, Brans, Slot, Boerma-Argelo, Kok, Harmsen, Boerema, Pirson, Raafs, Smaal, Pop, Verkouteren, Waterink, Vrij, Willik, Hubers, Lems, Reitsma, Pieters, Logger, Sijben, Peeters, Teunissen, Blok-Hoos, Ketels, Henkens, Spanjers, Jacob-Dols, Hoogt, Houben, Goldhoorn, Gorp, Hinsenveld, Jansen
BMJ Open, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship among dysnatraemia at hospital presentation and duration of admission, risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and all-cause mortality and to assess the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of hyponatraemia in patients with COVID-19. Our hypothesis is that both hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia at presentation are associated with adverse outcomes. DesignObservational study. SettingSecondary care; 11 Dutch hospitals (2 university and 9 general hospitals). ParticipantsAn analysis was performed within the retrospective multicentre cohort study COVIDPredict. 7811 patients were included (60% men, 40% women) between 24 February 2020 and 9 August 2022. Patients who were ≥18 years with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 or CT with COVID-19 reporting and data system score≥4 and alternative diagnosis were included. Patients were excluded when serum sodium levels at presentation were not registered in the database or when they had been transferred from another participating hospital. Outcome measuresWe studied demographics, medical history, symptoms and outcomes. Patients were stratified according to serum sodium concentration and urinary sodium excretion. ResultsHyponatraemia was present in 2677 (34.2%) patients and hypernatraemia in 126 (1.6%) patients. Patients with hyponatraemia presented more frequently with diarrhoea, lower blood pressure and tachycardia. Hyponatraemia was, despite a higher risk for ICU admission (OR 1.27 (1.11–1.46; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAdams, N., Stirrup, O., Blackstone, J., Krutikov, M., Cassell, J. A., Cadar, D., Henderson, C., Knapp, M., Gosce, L., Leiser, R., Regan, M., Cullen-Stephenson, I., Fenner, R., Verma, A., Gordon, A., Hopkins, S., Copas, A., Freemantle, N., Flowers, P., Shallcross, L.
BMJ Open, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
IntroductionCare home residents have experienced significant morbidity, mortality and disruption following outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2. Regular SARS-CoV-2 testing of care home staff was introduced to reduce transmission of infection, but it is unclear whether this remains beneficial. This trial aims to investigate whether use of regular asymptomatic staff testing, alongside funding to reimburse sick pay for those who test positive and meet costs of employing agency staff, is a feasible and effective strategy to reduce COVID-19 impact in care homes. Methods and analysisThe VIVALDI-Clinical Trial is a multicentre, open-label, cluster randomised controlled, phase III/IV superiority trial in up to 280 residential and/or nursing homes in England providing care to adults aged >65 years. All regular and agency staff will be enrolled, excepting those who opt out. Homes will be randomised to the intervention arm (twice weekly asymptomatic staff testing for SARS-CoV-2) or the control arm (current national testing guidance). Staff who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 will self-isolate and receive sick pay. Care providers will be reimbursed for costs associated with employing temporary staff to backfill for absence arising directly from the trial. The trial will be delivered by a multidisciplinary research team through a series of five work packages. The primary outcome is the incidence of COVID-19-related hospital admissions in residents. Secondary outcomes include the number and duration of outbreaks and home closures. Health economic and modelling analyses will investigate the cost-effectiveness and cost consequences of the testing intervention. A process evaluation using qualitative interviews will be conducted to understand intervention roll out and identify areas for optimisation to inform future intervention scale-up, should the testing approach prove effective and cost-effective. Stakeholder engagement will be undertaken to enable the sector to plan for results and their implications and to coproduce recommendations on the use of testing for policy-makers. Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the London—Bromley Research Ethics Committee (reference number 22/LO/0846) and the Health Research Authority (22/CAG/0165). The results of the trial will be disseminated regardless of the direction of effect. The publication of the results will comply with a trial-specific publication policy and will include submission to open access journals. A lay summary of the results will also be produced to disseminate the results to participants. Trial registration numberISRCTN13296529.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
Abstract Background A surge of more than 80 million Omicron variant infected cases was reported in China less than a month after the "zero COVID" strategy ended on December 7, 2022. In this circumstance, whether people living with HIV (PLWH) in China experience a similar risk is not clear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wuchang District of Wuhan between December 20, 2022, and January 18, 2023 through a self-administered online survey. PLWH and HIV-negative people aged ≥ 18 years old who volunteered for this survey were eligible. The prevalence of Omicron variant infection between PLWH and HIV-negative people was compared, and the factors associated with the Omicron variant infection among PLWH and HIV-negative people were further evaluated, respectively. Results In total, 890 PLWH and 1,364 HIV-negative adults from Wuchang District were enrolled. Among these participants, 690 PLWH (77.5%) and 1163 HIV-negative people (85.3%) reported SARS-CoV-2 infection. Gender, chronic disease conditions, and COVID-19 vaccination status significantly differed between the two groups. After adjusting gender, age, comorbidities, and COVID-19 vaccination status, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH was significantly lower than among HIV-negative people (aOR 0.56, 95%CI 0.42–0.76). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that PLWH with older age and detectable HIV-viral load (HIV-VL) had decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aOR 0.98, 95%CI 0.96–0.99; aOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.36–0.97). Compared with PLWH receiving one/two doses of COVID-19 vaccines, no significant differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed among PLWH receiving three doses of inactivated vaccines and four doses of vaccines (three doses of inactivated vaccines plus one dose of inhaled recombinant adenovirus type 5 (AD5)-vectored vaccine). Among HIV-negative people, those receiving four doses of COVID-19 vaccines had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than those receiving one/two doses (aOR 0.14, 95%CI 0.08–0.25). Conclusions Our study proves that PLWH have a lower risk of Omicron variant infection than HIV-negative people. However, even PLWH with younger age and virological suppression should strengthen the prevention against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Three doses of inactivated vaccines plus one dose of inhaled recombinant AD5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine may provide better protection for HIV-negative people.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJisu Kim, In-Whi Hwang, Jeong-Hui Park, Youngdeok Kim, Jung-Min Lee
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
by Jisu Kim, In-Whi Hwang, Jeong-Hui Park, Youngdeok Kim, Jung-Min Lee The current study is to examine the disparities in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and stress levels in Korean adolescents concerning changes in their perception of family economic status (ES) during COVID-19. Among a total of 6144 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18, the participants were categorized into two groups based on their responses regarding changes in their family ES due to COVID-19: Declined ES (n = 3072) and Non-changed ES (n = 3072), with matching in terms of age, gender, and BMI. All variables were assessed using the 16th year (2020) of the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS 26.0 version, employing independent t-tests to examine anthropometrics’ differences and multinominal logistic regression to predict the impact of perception of family ES on PA, SB, and stress while comparing the two groups. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Adolescents in the Declined ES group were 1.2 times more likely to engage in MVPA for less than 420 mins/wk (OR = 1.16, p = 0.039), 1.7 times more likely to meet recommended muscular strength activities (i.e., ≥ 3 days/wk) (OR = 1.70, p < 0.001), 37% less likely to not meet recommended recreational sitting time (i.e., ≥ 840 mins/wk) (OR = 0.63, p < 0.01), and were 2.1 times more likely to experience very severe stress level than the Non-changed ES group (p < 0.001). These results shed light on the importance of promoting mental health care in adolescents, regardless of PA levels, for their well-being during potential future pandemics. Understanding the impact of perceived ES changes on health behaviors can inform targeted interventions and support strategies to improve the mental health outcomes of adolescents during challenging times.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJaya M. Satagopan, Tina Dharamdasani, Shailja Mathur, Racquel E. Kohler, Elisa V. Bandera, Anita Y. Kinney
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
by Jaya M. Satagopan, Tina Dharamdasani, Shailja Mathur, Racquel E. Kohler, Elisa V. Bandera, Anita Y. Kinney Background South Asians are a rapidly growing population in the United States. Breast cancer is a major concern among South Asian American women, who are an understudied population. We established the South Asian Breast Cancer (SABCa) study in New Jersey during early 2020 to gain insights into their breast cancer-related health attitudes. Shortly after we started planning for the study, the COVID-19 disease spread throughout the world. In this paper, we describe our experiences and lessons learned from recruiting study participants by partnering with New Jersey’s community organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used a cross-sectional design. We contacted 12 community organizations and 7 (58%) disseminated our study information. However, these organizations became considerably busy with pandemic-related needs. Therefore, we had to pivot to alternative recruitment strategies through community radio, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey’s Community Outreach and Engagement Program, and Rutgers Cooperative Extension’s community health programs. We recruited participants through these alternative strategies, obtained written informed consent, and collected demographic information using a structured survey. Results Twenty five women expressed interest in the study, of which 22 (88%) participated. Nine (41%) participants learned about the study through the radio, 5 (23%) through these participants, 1 (4.5%) through a non-radio community organization, and 7 (32%) through community health programs. Two (9%) participants heard about the study from their spouse. All participants were born outside the US, their average age was 52.4 years (range: 39–72 years), and they have lived in the US for an average of 26 years (range: 5–51 years). Conclusion Pivoting to alternative strategies were crucial for successful recruitment. Findings suggest the significant potential of broadcast media for community-based recruitment. Family dynamics and the community’s trust in our partners also encouraged participation. Such strategies must be considered when working with understudied populations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmeeta Retzer, Janet Jones, Sarah Damery, Habib Ullah, Modupe Omonijo, Justin Varney, Kate Jolly
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
by Ameeta Retzer, Janet Jones, Sarah Damery, Habib Ullah, Modupe Omonijo, Justin Varney, Kate Jolly Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a change in people’s volunteering behaviours; participation has increased in informal volunteering (giving unpaid help to those who are not a relative) while decreasing in formal volunteering (unpaid help to groups or clubs). There is an interest from stakeholders who have experienced increased participation in maintaining the positive patterns of volunteering, aligning with National Health Service (NHS) objectives and realising benefits in a wider public health context. This research uses a local COVID-19 public health volunteering programme case study to explore the volunteer’s journey and perspective using volunteers’ reported experiences to consider the potential for volunteer retention and role expansion into other public health issues beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Recruitment was undertaken by Birmingham City Council Public Health Team via the COVID-19 Community Champions programme mailing list. Semi-structured focus group discussions, one-to-one interviews and email interviews were conducted with volunteers. Data were analysed through directed thematic analysis using an iteratively developed coding frame. Results Data were collected from three focus group discussions, four interviews, and one email interview involving a total of 16 participants. Six themes were identified: volunteer motivations and expectations; volunteer management; programme organisation; feeling valued; continued need for role, and interest in new responsibilities. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the factors which are conducive to volunteer recruitment, retention and re-purposing were: maintaining the original terms of engaging with the volunteering opportunity (including retaining the original brief and remit), adjusting these through consultative processes with an emphasis on seeking permission from the volunteers already involved and ensuring a reliable and consistent management and support structure. While some of the learning is specific to the local volunteer programme in question and the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are lessons that can be generalised to other scenarios and settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
Abstract Background Pro–b-type natriuretic peptide (Pro-BNP) is an inflammatory marker that indicates cardiac damage and inflammation. The elevation of this marker in COVID-19 patients can be used as a predictive factor in the prognosis of these patients. Method Our cross-sectional study investigated the evaluation of cardiac diagnostic test findings based on pro-BNP levels in pregnant COVID-19 patients in Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Gorgan, Iran, in 2020–2022. A hundred and ten pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection were evaluated for cardiac diagnostic tests (electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography (Echo)) and pro-BNP levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software. Chi-square and Student\'s t-test will be used to test and compare the relationship between variables and compare them. A P-value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. The chi-square test was used to compare the ratio of qualitative variables among the groups if the presuppositions of chi-square distribution were established. Otherwise, Fisher\'s exact test was used. Result The mean age of participants were 31.06 ± 5.533 years and 49.1% of patients had pro-BNP levels above the cut-off value for predicting an adverse outcome of COVID-19. The mean ± standard deviation of pro-BNP levels in the low group was 46.125 ± 17.523 pg/mL and in the high group was 878.814 ± 1038.060 pg/mL. This study revealed that patients with higher pro-BNP plasma levels had a significant relation between, myocardial infarction (MI), pericardial effusion (PE), urgent Caesarean section (C/S), and mortality. In addition, no significant relation between gravid, trimester, vaccination, arrhythmia, heart block, and valves diseases with high pro-BNP levels was found. Conclusion The current research showed that pro-BNP levels can be used as a diagnostic and valuable prognostic tool in pregnant women to diagnose cardiac complications by using ECG and Echo.
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