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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1283 emner vises.
Elie Azoulay, Frédéric Pochard, Laurent Argaud, Alain Cariou, Raphael Clere-Jehl, Olivier Guisset, Vincent Labbé, Fabienne Tamion, Fabrice Bruneel, Mercé Jourdain, Danielle Reuter, Kada Klouche, Achille Kouatchet, Virginie Souppart, Alexandre Lautrette, Julien Bohé, Antoine Vieillard Baron, Jean Dellamonica, Laurent Papazian, Jean Reignier, Francois Barbier, Guillaume Dumas, Nancy Kentish-Barnes
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 5, Page 573-583, March 1, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSoojeong ChangKwang-Soo ShinBongju ParkSeowoo ParkJieun ShinHyemin ParkIn Kyung JungJong Heon KimSeong Eun BaeJae-Ouk KimSeung Ho BaekGreen KimJung Joo HongHyungseok SeoErik VolzChang-Yuil KangaResearch & Development Center, Cellid Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreabScience Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreacNational Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk 28116, Republic of KoreadKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreaeLaboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreafDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 10, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAneliana da Silva Prado, Sabrina Baldofski, Elisabeth Kohls, Christine Rummel-Kluge
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
by Aneliana da Silva Prado, Sabrina Baldofski, Elisabeth Kohls, Christine Rummel-Kluge Background The COVID-19 pandemic affected university students’ mental health worldwide. International students were presenting high levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms before the pandemic. This study aimed to investigate (i) differences between various timepoints of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021, and 2022) in mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects in domestic and international students, separately, (ii) differences between international and domestic students between the three timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects, and (iii) possible moderation effects of timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects of domestic and international students. Material and methods Data from three cross-sectional anonymous online surveys conducted in German universities were analyzed and compared. Data were collected in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively, with a total N = 14,498. Depressive symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, social support, self-efficacy, resilience, perceived stress, and loneliness were assessed through standardized self-report instruments. Differences between domestic and international students in mental health outcomes, and social and emotional aspects across three timepoints were assessed with one-way and two-way ANCOVAs. Results Regardless of the timepoint, international students presented more depressive symptoms and perceived stress, lower perceived social support and resilience, but higher levels of self-efficacy and less alcohol consumption compared to domestic students. A significant interaction effect between timepoint and student status emerged only for loneliness. Conclusions International students generally presented poorer mental health outcomes than domestic students. Mental health care and prevention such as low-threshold, online counseling should address university students, especially international students.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarius Ahm Stauning, Dogukan Jesper Gür, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Jens Tingleff
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
We have read the letter by Rus and Kooij regarding our study of COVID-19 related mortality among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) -users with great interest and we thank Rus and Kooij for the interest in our study.1,2 The main claim by Rus and Kooij is that psychiatric comorbidity and lifestyle factor could contribute to residual confounding in our study.2 These limitations are already acknowledged and discussed in our article, but we appreciate the opportunity to explain our considerations in further details.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAdam Hampshire, Adriana Azor, Christina Atchison, William Trender, Peter J. Hellyer, Valentina Giunchiglia, Masud Husain, Graham S. Cooke, Emily Cooper, Adam Lound, Christl A. Donnelly, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Helen Ward, Paul Elliott
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 9, Page 806-818, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZiyad Al-Aly, Clifford J. Rosen
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 9, Page 858-860, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMerete Ellingjord-Dale, Sonja H. Brunvoll, Arne Søraas
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 9, Page 863-865, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiaping Xiao, Yan Luo, Yangyang Li, Xinsheng Yao
Journal of Medical Virology, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Langat, E. C., Mazoya, B. Y., Oginga, P., Okwaro, F., Matheka, N., Kibara, I., Otieno, R., Mantel, M., Lorway, R., du Plessis, E., Temmerman, M., Avery, L.
BMJ Open, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
IntroductionKenya reported its first COVID-19 case on 13 March 2020. Pandemic-driven health system changes followed and unforeseen societal, economic and health effects reported. This protocol aims to describe the methods used to identify the gender equality and health equity gaps and possible disproportional health and socioeconomic impacts experienced by paid and unpaid (community health volunteer) female healthcare providers in Kilifi and Mombasa Counties, Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and analysisParticipatory mixed methods framed by gender analysis and human-centred design will be used. Research implementation will follow four of the five phases of the human-centred design approach. Community research advisory groups and local advisory boards will be established to ensure integration and the sustainability of participatory research design. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Institutional Scientific and Ethics Review Committee at the Aga Khan University and the University of Manitoba. This study will generate evidence on root cultural, structural, socioeconomic and political factors that perpetuate gender inequities and female disadvantage in the paid and unpaid health sectors. It will also identify evidence-based policy options for future safeguarding of the unpaid and paid female health workforce during emergency preparedness, response and recovery periods.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMasashi Shibata, Yuki Otsuka, Hideharu Hagiya, Toshihiro Koyama, Hideyuki Kashiwagi, Fumio Otsuka
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Masashi Shibata, Yuki Otsuka, Hideharu Hagiya, Toshihiro Koyama, Hideyuki Kashiwagi, Fumio Otsuka Background In the global aging, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have affected the place of death (PoD) in Japan, where hospital deaths have dominated for decades. We analyzed the PoD trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Methods This nationwide observational study used vital statistics based on death certificates from Japan between 1951 and 2021. The proportion of PoD; deaths at home, hospitals, and nursing homes; and annual percentage change (APC) were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Analyses were stratified by age groups and causes of death. Results After 2019, home deaths exhibited upward trends, while hospital death turned into downward trends. By age, no significant trend change was seen in the 0–19 age group, while hospital deaths decreased in the 20–64 age group in 2019. The trend change in home death in the ≥65 age group significantly increased since 2019 with an APC of 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.0 to 15.7), while their hospital death trends decreased by −4.0% (95% CI: −4.9 to −3.1) in 2019−2021. By cause of death, home death due to cancer and the old age increased since 2019 with an APC of 29.3% (95% CI: 25.4 to 33.2) and 8.8% (95% CI: 5.5 to 12.2), respectively. Conclusion PoD has shifted from hospital to home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The majority of whom were older population with cancer or old age.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuda Wang, Yan Liu, Guangtao Liu, Xiuxiu Sun, Zizhe Zhang, Jianyong Shen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Yuda Wang, Yan Liu, Guangtao Liu, Xiuxiu Sun, Zizhe Zhang, Jianyong Shen Purpose To assess the epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, during 2018–2022 and provide insights for influenza prevention. Methods Following the National Influenza Surveillance Program, we conducted pathogen surveillance by randomly sampling throat swabs from cases with influenza-like illness (ILI) at two sentinel hospitals. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 3,813,471 cases were treated at two hospitals in Huzhou, China. Among them, there were 112,385 cases of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI), accounting for 2.95% of the total number of cases. A total of 11,686 ILI throat swab samples were tested for influenza viruses, with 1,602 cases testing positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, resulting in a positivity rate of 13.71%. Among the positive strains, there were 677 strains of A(H3N2) virus, 301 strains of A(H1N1) virus, 570 strains of B/Victoria virus, and 54 strains of B/Yamagata virus. The ILI percentage (ILI%) and influenza nucleic acid positivity rate showed winter-spring peaks in the years 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022, with the peaks concentrated in January and February. Additionally, a small peak was observed in August 2022 during the summer season. No peak was observed during the winter-spring season of 2020. The highest proportion of ILI cases was observed in children aged 0–4 years, followed by school-age children aged 5–14 years. There was a positive correlation between ILI% and influenza virus nucleic acid positivity rate (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusions The influenza outbreak in Huzhou from 2020 to 2022 was to some extent influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures. After the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the influenza outbreak in Huzhou may become more severe. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly assess the influenza outbreak trends based on the ILI% and the positivity rate of influenza virus nucleic acid tests.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbigail Kusi Amponsah, Edward Appiah Boateng, Jerry Armah, Joana Kyei Dompim, Douglas Gyamfi, Alberta Lomotey, Faithful Adwoa Annobil, Amena Ekua Amankrah, Rifka Abdallah Youshah, Elizabeth Uzoka Beauty, Francis Diji, Victoria Bam
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Abigail Kusi Amponsah, Edward Appiah Boateng, Jerry Armah, Joana Kyei Dompim, Douglas Gyamfi, Alberta Lomotey, Faithful Adwoa Annobil, Amena Ekua Amankrah, Rifka Abdallah Youshah, Elizabeth Uzoka Beauty, Francis Diji, Victoria Bam Background Pregnant women are among the most vulnerable and suffer the most during pandemics, according to earlier studies. Pregnant women had to seek healthcare for both themselves and their unborn child(ren) in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was unprecedented. Pregnant women’s psychosocial experiences during pandemics are crucial since they both directly and indirectly affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The study therefore sought to explore the psychosocial experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this retrospective qualitative study, 15 nursing mothers who were attending a postnatal clinic at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) hospital in Ghana were recruited. Individual interviews were conducted with mothers who were pregnant between March and December 2020. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed into themes. Results Nursing mothers were aged 25–30 years and had infants ranging from 5 months to 15 months. Thirteen (13) were married and two were single. Two (2) major themes and five (5) subthemes emerged from the study. The unpleasant feelings connected to the potential for contracting COVID-19 and experiencing stress were described by the theme, “Fear and Stress”. Participants’ social experiences (support from significant others), alterations in daily routine and the economic impact because of the pandemic were presented as the “Socioeconomic impact”. Conclusion Pregnant women go through several challenges during pregnancy such as perceived stress and anxiety. These are likely to heighten during a pandemic, as presented in the study. They therefore need emotional and psychosocial support in such uncertain times to improve outcomes of pregnancy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOctavio A. Lecona, América G. Arroyo-Valerio, Nallely Bueno-Hernández, José Damian Carrillo-Ruíz, Luis Ruelas, René Márquez-Franco, Alejandro Aguado-García, Eira Valeria Barrón, Galileo Escobedo, Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado, Paola V. Olguín-Rodríguez, Antonio Barajas-Martínez, Ana Leonor Rivera, Ruben Fossion
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Octavio A. Lecona, América G. Arroyo-Valerio, Nallely Bueno-Hernández, José Damian Carrillo-Ruíz, Luis Ruelas, René Márquez-Franco, Alejandro Aguado-García, Eira Valeria Barrón, Galileo Escobedo, Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado, Paola V. Olguín-Rodríguez, Antonio Barajas-Martínez, Ana Leonor Rivera, Ruben Fossion Throughout the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico (August—December 2020), we closely followed a cohort of n = 100 healthcare workers. These workers were initially seronegative for Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and maintained close contact with patients afflicted by the disease. We explored the database of demographic, physiological and laboratory parameters of the cohort recorded at baseline to identify potential risk factors for infection with SARS-CoV-2 at a follow-up evaluation six months later. Given that susceptibility to infection may be a systemic rather than a local property, we hypothesized that a multivariate statistical analysis, such as MANOVA, may be an appropriate statistical approach. Our results indicate that susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 is modulated by sex. For men, different physiological states appear to exist that predispose to or protect against infection, whereas for women, we did not find evidence for divergent physiological states. Intriguingly, male participants who remained uninfected throughout the six-month observation period, had values for mean arterial pressure and waist-to-hip ratio that exceeded the normative reference range. We hypothesize that certain risk factors that worsen the outcome of COVID-19 disease, such as being overweight or having high blood pressure, may instead offer some protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChalkias, Athanasios; Huang, Yiyuan; Ismail, Anis; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Papagiannakis, Nikolaos; Bitterman, Brayden; Anderson, Elizabeth; Catalan, Tonimarie; Erne, Grace K.; Tilley, Caroline R.; Alaka, Abiola; Amadi, Kingsley M.; Presswalla, Feriel; Blakely, Pennelope; Bernal-Morell, Enrique; Cebreiros López, Iria; Eugen-Olsen, Jesper; García de Guadiana Romualdo, Luis; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J.; Loosen, Sven H.; Reiser, Jochen; Tacke, Frank; Skoulakis, Anargyros; Laou, Eleni; Banerjee, Mousumi; Pop-Busui, Rodica; Hayek, Salim S.; on behalf of the International Study of Inflammation in COVID-19 (ISIC) Investigator Group
Critical Care Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of intubation timing, guided by severity criteria, on mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients, amidst existing uncertainties regarding optimal intubation practices. Design: Prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted from February 1, 2020, to November 1, 2022. Setting: Ten academic institutions in the United States and Europe. Patients: Adults (≥ 18 yr old) confirmed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hospitalized specifically for COVID-19, requiring intubation postadmission. Exclusion criteria included patients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 reasons despite a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Interventions: Early invasive mechanical ventilation (EIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with less severe organ dysfunction (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] < 7 or Pao2/Fio2 ratio > 250), whereas late invasive mechanical ventilation (LIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with SOFA greater than or equal to 7 and Pao2/Fio2 ratio less than or equal to 250. Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was mortality within 30 days of hospital admission. Among 4464 patients, 854 (19.1%) required mechanical ventilation (mean age 60 yr, 61.7% male, 19.3% Black). Of those, 621 (72.7%) were categorized in the EIMV group and 233 (27.3%) in the LIMV group. Death within 30 days after admission occurred in 278 patients (42.2%) in the EIMV and 88 patients (46.6%) in the LIMV group (p = 0.28). An inverse probability-of-treatment weighting analysis revealed a statistically significant association with mortality, with patients in the EIMV group being 32% less likely to die either within 30 days of admission (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52–0.90; p = 0.008) or within 30 days after intubation irrespective of its timing from admission (adjusted HR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90; p = 0.006). Conclusions: In severe COVID-19 cases, an early intubation strategy, guided by specific severity criteria, is associated with a reduced risk of death. These findings underscore the importance of timely intervention based on objective severity assessments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSo-Hee Kim, Yuri Kim, Sangeun Jeon, Uni Park, Ju-Il Kang, Kyeongseok Jeon, Hye-Ran Kim, Songhyeok Oh, Ji-Young Rhee, Jae-Phil Choi, Wan Beom Park, Sang Won Park, Jeong-Sun Yang, Joo-Yeon Lee, Jihye Kang, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Yeonjae Kim, Seungtaek Kim, Yeon-Sook Kim, Dong-Gyun Lim, Nam-Hyuk Cho
Science Advances, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Pim Bouwmans, S. Reshwan K. Malahe, A. Lianne Messchendorp, Priya Vart, Céline Imhof, Jan-Stephan Sanders, Ron T. Gansevoort, Aiko P.J. de Vries, Alferso C. Abrahams, Frederike J. Bemelman, Johanna P.M. Vervoort, Luuk Hilbrands, Marc A.G.J. ten Dam, René M.A. van den Dorpel, Theo Rispens, Maurice Steenhuis, Marlies E.J. Reinders, Marc H. Hemmelder, RECOVAC Consortium
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Although the World Health Organization (WHO) ended the global emergency status for COVID-19 on May 5th 2023, reports on long-lasting symptoms after COVID-19 have been emerging. Over 200 long-lasting symptoms affecting various organ systems have been documented in more than 65 million individuals worldwide [1]. These symptoms are referred to as ‘’long-COVID’’, ‘’post COVID-19 condition’’ (PCC) and ‘’post-acute sequalae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)’’. In a recent observational matched cohort study conducted on the general population, the prevalence of PCC was estimated to be 21% among individuals with prior COVID-19 [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGhaith, A. K., El-Hajj, V. G., Atallah, E., Rios Zermeno, J., Ravindran, K., Gharios, M., Hoang, H., Bydon, M., Ohlsson, M., Elmi-Terander, A., Tawk, R. G., Jabbour, P.
BMJ Open, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as concomitant COVID-19 itself on stroke care, focusing on middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarctions. DesignRegistry-based study. SettingWe used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, which covers a wide range of hospitals within the USA. ParticipantsThe NIS was queried for patients with MCA strokes between 2016 and 2020. In total, 35 231 patients were included. Outcome measuresOutcome measures were postprocedural complications, length of stays (LOSs), in-hospital mortality and non-routine discharge. Propensity score matching using all available baseline variables was performed to reduce confounders when comparing patients with and without concomitant COVID-19. ResultsMechanical thrombectomy (MT) was performed in 48.4%, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in 38.2%, and both MT and IVT (MT+IVT) in 13.4% of patients. A gradual increase in the use of MT and an opposite decrease in the use of IVT (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrancesca Gioia, Laura N Walti, Ani Orchanian-Cheff, Shahid Husain
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
The identified risk factors for CAPA could eventually be addressed with targeted antifungal prophylaxis in patients with severe COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMartí Català, Núria Mercadé-Besora, Raivo Kolde, Nhung T H Trinh, Elena Roel, Edward Burn, Trishna Rathod-Mistry, Kristin Kostka, Wai Yi Man, Antonella Delmestri, Hedvig M E Nordeng, Anneli Uusküla, Talita Duarte-Salles, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Annika M Jödicke
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Vaccination against COVID-19 consistently reduced the risk of long COVID symptoms, which highlights the importance of vaccination to prevent persistent COVID-19 symptoms, particularly in adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAriadna Capasso, Mercedes Colomar, Dora Ramírez, Suzanne Serruya, Bremen de Mucio
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Ariadna Capasso, Mercedes Colomar, Dora Ramírez, Suzanne Serruya, Bremen de Mucio Introduction Timely access to maternity care is critical to saving lives. Digital health may serve to bridge the care chasm and advance health equity. Conducted in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, this cross-sectional mixed-methods study assessed the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in healthcare facilities in nine Latin American and Caribbean countries to understand the landscape of ICT use in maternity care and the barriers and facilitators to its adoption. Materials and methods Between April 2021 and September 2022, we disseminated an online survey in English and Spanish among, mainly public, healthcare institutions that provided maternity care in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Paraguay and Peru. We also interviewed 27 administrators and providers in ministries of health and healthcare institutions. Results Most of the 1877 institutions that answered the survey reported using ICTs in maternity care (N = 1536, 82%), ranging from 96% in Peru to 64% in the Dominican Republic. Of institutions that used ICTs, 59% reported using them more than before or for the first time since the pandemic began. ICTs were most commonly used to provide family planning (64%) and breastfeeding (58%) counseling, mainly by phone (82%). At the facility level, availability of equipment and internet coverage, coupled with skilled human resources, were the main factors associated with ICT use. At country level, government-led initiatives to develop digital health platforms, alongside national investments in the digital infrastructure, were the determining factors in the adoption of ICTs in healthcare provision. Conclusion Digital health for maternity care provision relied on commonly available technology and did not necessitate highly sophisticated systems, making it a sustainable and replicable strategy. However, disparities in access to digital health remain and many facilities in rural and remote areas lacked connectivity. Use of ICTs in maternity care depended on countries’ long-term commitments to achieving universal health and digital coverage.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNtho, T. A., Themane, M. J., Sepadi, M. D., Phochana, T. S., Sodi, T., Quarshie, E. N.-B.
BMJ Open, 27.02.2024
Tilføjet 27.02.2024
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly shaped the global landscape and impacted various aspects of individuals’ lives, especially the behaviour of school-going adolescents regarding substance use. Among these substances, alcohol is the most predominant substance, particularly among school-going adolescents, who also are highly susceptible to harmful alcohol use, such as poor academic performance, psychiatric disorders and disrupted social lives. This review will synthesise the known prevalence estimates and associated factors of alcohol use among school-going adolescents in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) since the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review in line with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. We will systematically search for selected global databases (ScienceDirect, EbscoHost, PsycINFO and PubMed) and regional electronic databases (African Index Medicus, Sabinet and African Journals OnLine). Peer-reviewed literature published between 11 March 2020 and 10 March 2024 will be considered for eligibility without language restriction. All 16 countries of the SADC region will be included in the review. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool checklist for quality appraisal will be used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. Depending on the level of heterogeneity, prevalence estimates will be pooled in a meta-analysis; narrative synthesis will be applied to describe the reported associated factors of alcohol use. Ethics and disseminationWe will not seek ethical approval from an institutional review board since the study will not involve gathering data directly from individual school-going adolescents, nor will it violate their privacy. When completed, the full report of this review will be submitted to a journal for peer-reviewed publication; the key findings will be presented at local and international conferences with a partial or full focus on (adolescent) alcohol (mis)use. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023452765.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 27.02.2024
Tilføjet 27.02.2024
Abstract Among U.S. adults at risk for severe COVID-19 in Epic Cosmos, the lowest rate of hospitalization was among those receiving three or more mRNA vaccine doses and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (aHR 0.22, 95%CI: 0.19–0.24). Adults who are at high-risk of severe COVID-19 disease, including vaccinated persons, should be considered for antiviral treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexandra D. Peterson, Mindy M. Kibbey, Samantha G. Farris
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
by Alexandra D. Peterson, Mindy M. Kibbey, Samantha G. Farris Health anxiety, which is defined as fear of having or contracting serious physical illness, is particularly salient in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a mixed methods study in which 578 narrative samples were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to determine linguistic markers from six LIWC categories relevant to cognitive-behavioral features of health anxiety. Broad linguistic predictors were analyzed through three backward elimination regression models in order to inform subcategory predictors of each area of health anxiety. Thus, both broad and specific linguistic predictors of general health anxiety, virus-relevant body vigilance, and fears of viral contamination were examined. Greater use of affective category words in written narratives predicted general health anxiety, as well as body vigilance and viral contamination fears. These findings represent the first direct demonstration of linguistic analysis of health anxiety and provide nuanced information about the nature and etiology of health anxiety.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBethlehem Abera Tekleyohannes, Yared Mamushet Yifru, Beshir Bedru Nasir
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
by Bethlehem Abera Tekleyohannes, Yared Mamushet Yifru, Beshir Bedru Nasir Background The world continues to be challenged by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and preventive measures like maintaining social distancing and lockdowns challenge patients to attend regular follow-ups and get a refill for medication that causes adherence problems. Hence, this study attempts to assess the impact of COVID-19 on treatment follow-up and medication adherence among patients with epilepsy. Method A total of 276 patients with epilepsy were enrolled in the study. Data collection was carried out through medical record reviews and patient interviews. Patients who visited Zewditu Memorial Hospital from August to September 2021 and those who had follow-up at least for two years before the outbreak of the pandemic were included. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.24. Result About 69.6% of patients were adherent to their treatment and 83.3% of the patients had a seizure-free period of less than 1 year. Ninety (32.6%) of the participants missed their treatment follow-up during the pandemic, mainly due to fear of being infected with COVID-19. Sixty-eight (24.6%) patients have experienced increased seizure episodes during the pandemic as compared to the previous times. Moreover, 56 (20.3%) participants were not taking their antiseizure medications (ASMs) during the pandemic because of the unavailability of medications and they discontinued hospital visits for their medication refills. Among those who missed their treatment follow-up, 20% had seizure-related physical injuries. Only educational level has a significant association with visiting health facilities during the pandemic. Thus, participants who completed college and above (OR = 2.58, 95% CI (1.32–6.38)) were more likely to attend their follow-up during the pandemics as compared to participants who can’t read and write. Conclusion The present study revealed that COVID-19 might have impacts on treatment follow-up and medication adherence due to fear of infection, travel restrictions and the indirect impact on the availability and affordability of medications. These might lead to poor treatment outcomes like increased seizure frequency and seizure-related physical injuries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJerin Lee, Jenna Wilson, Benjamin Oosterhoff, Natalie J. Shook
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
by Jerin Lee, Jenna Wilson, Benjamin Oosterhoff, Natalie J. Shook Social isolation and disconnectedness increase the risk of worse mental health, which might suggest that preventive health measures (i.e., self-quarantining, social distancing) negatively affect mental health. This longitudinal study examined relations of self-quarantining and social distancing with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A U.S. national sample (N = 1,011) completed eight weekly online surveys from March 20, 2020 to May 17, 2020. Surveys assessed self-quarantining, social distancing, anxiety, and depression. Fixed-effect autoregressive cross-lagged models provided a good fit to the data, allowing for disaggregation of between-person and within-person effects. Significant between-person effects suggested those who engaged in more self-quarantining and social distancing had higher anxiety and depression compared to those who engaged in less social distancing and quarantining. Significant within-person effects indicated those who engaged in greater social distancing for a given week experienced higher anxiety and depression that week. However, there was no support for self-quarantining or social distancing as prospective predictors of mental health, or vice versa. Findings suggest a relationship between mental health and both self-quarantining and social distancing, but further longitudinal research is required to understand the prospective nature of this relationship and identify third variables that may explain these associations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatrick Wu, Chin‐Yuan Yii, Su‐Boon Yong
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
Marek Petráš, Daniela Janovská, Danuše Lomozová, Martina Franklová, Pavel Dlouhý, Jozef Rosina, Ivana Králová Lesná
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitated the implementation of specific measures to minimize its impact on global public health. Non-pharmaceutical precautions played a crucial role in preventing the massive spread of SARS-CoV-2.[1] However, it was widely recognized that only widespread and global vaccination could effectively bring the virus under control.[2] The rapid development of various types of vaccines, supported by numerous countries and international organizations, was successfully completed within less than a year, enabling the commencement of widespread vaccination of the world\'s population in December 2020.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaverdure Sylvain, Kazadi Donatien, Kone Kadidia, Callier Viviane, Dabitao Djeneba, Dennis Dehkontee, Haidara Mory Cherif, Hunsberger Sally, Mbaya Olivier Tshiani, Ridzon Renee, Sereti Irini, Shaw-Saliba Katy, the InVITE Study Team
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
In the four years since COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, more than 760 million cases have been reported worldwide leading to a death toll of almost 7 million people [1]. During the first year of the pandemic, while high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported globally, initial reports suggested that infection rates were significantly lower in sub-Saharan Africa than in other parts of the world [2,3]. Subsequent studies revealed that although seroprevalence was rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan African countries during the start of the pandemic, it was estimated that less than 1% of infections were detected [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
Infection, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
Abstract Purpose This aimed to identify the factors associated with severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods Two-hundred RA patients diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria with proven COVID-19 infection were recruited and categorized according to the world health organization (WHO) COVID-19 severity grading into 2 groups: patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 (n = 164) and patients with severe/critical COVID-19 (n = 36). Comparison between both groups was done to identify the risk factors associated with severe/critical infection. Incidence of RA disease activity flare defined as increase in clinical disease activity index (CDAI) more than 10 points following infection was calculated. Results Multivariate analysis identified history of previous serious infection, age > 60 years, and diabetes as factors positively associated, whereas COVID-19 vaccination was negatively associated with severe/critical infection. Following COVID-19 infection, the number of patients with severe/critical COVID-19 who had high RA disease activity and the incidence of flares was significantly higher in comparison to patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 (P 60 years, diabetes, and history of previous serious infections are risk factors for severe/critical COVID-19, while vaccination has a protective role in RA patients. Infection particularly when severe is associated with risk of disease flare.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCheng, L., Kong, J., Xie, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, F.
BMJ Open, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
ObjectivesEnsuring that children receive timely vaccinations is paramount for preventing infectious diseases, and parental attitude plays a pivotal role in this process. This study addresses this gap in the existing literature by examining parental attitudes towards vaccinating their children. DesignA cross-sectional study. MethodsAn online survey including parents’ sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception and attitudes towards child vaccination towards COVID-19 was conducted. The modified large-scale group decision-making approach for practicality and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors influencing parents’ decision-making. ResultsOf the 1292 parents participated, 957 (74.1%) were willing to vaccinate their children, while 335 (25.9%) refused the vaccination. The study indicated that age, parental anxiety regarding child vaccination, concerns about the child’s susceptibility to the disease, opinions towards vaccination benefits versus disadvantages, place of residence, average family income and children’s health were significant predictors (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMorin, K. A., Tatangelo, M., Marsh, D.
BMJ Open, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
PurposeThe Canadian Addiction Treatment Centre (CATC) cohort was established during a period of increased provision of opioid agonist treatment (OAT), to study patient outcomes and trends related to the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in Canada. The CATC cohort’s strengths lie in its unique physician network, shared care model and event-level data, making it valuable for validation and integration studies. The CATC cohort is a valuable resource for examining OAT outcomes, providing insights into substance use trends and the impact of service-level factors. ParticipantsThe CATC cohort comprises 32 246 people who received OAT prescriptions between April 2014 and February 2021, with ongoing tri-annual updates planned until 2027. The cohort includes data from all CATC clinics’ electronic medical records and includes demographic information and OAT clinical indicators. Findings to dateThis cohort profile describes the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients being treated in a large OAT physician network. As well, we report the longitudinal OAT retention by treatment type during a time of increasing exposure to a contaminated dangerous drug supply. Notable findings also include retention differences between methadone (32% of patients at 1 year) and buprenorphine (20% at 1 year). Previously published research from this cohort indicated that patient-level factors associated with retention include geographic location, concurrent substance use and prior treatment attempts. Service-level factors such as telemedicine delivery and frequency of urine drug screenings also influence retention. Additionally, the cohort identified rising OAT participation and a substantial increase in fentanyl use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future plansFuture research objectives are the longitudinal evaluation of retention and flexible modelling techniques that account for the changes as patients are treated with OAT. Furthermore, future research aims are the use of conditional models, and linkage with provincial-level administrative datasets.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to the general population due to their frontline role and direct contact with the infected patients. Accordingly, they were among the first groups to receive vaccination against COVID-19. A higher risk of COVID-19 infection may also exist among hospital staff members other than HCWs. In this study, we assessed the seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination in hospital staff members. Methods This cross-sectional study included 228 staff members of Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, who were recruited from 2020 to 2021. Staff members were vaccinated with vector and inactivated vaccines. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG was measured in their blood samples pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination. Results Of the 228 hospital staff members evaluated in this study (mean age: 37.59 ± 8.70 years), 204 (89.5%) were female and 210 (92.1%) were HCWs. Only one staff member was not vaccinated, the rest received one dose (99.6%), and 224 (98.7%) two doses. Vector vaccines were administered to 71.4% of staff members and 72.9% of HCWs. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was positive in 8.8% of staff members before vaccination, 9.3% after the first dose, and 50% after the second dose. The corresponding percentages were 9.5%, 9.5%, and 48.8% in HCWs. Being a HCW was not associated with the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after the second dose; however, multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the interval between two vaccine doses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.434; 0.816, P = 0.001) and age (aOR = 1.062, 95% CI 1.021; 1.105, P = 0.003) were associated with seroprevalence. Conclusions After receiving a second dose of vector or inactive virus vaccines, our hospital’s staff members and HCWs had a seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of around 50%. Seroprevalence increased with increasing age and shorter intervals between doses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to the general population due to their frontline role and direct contact with the infected patients. Accordingly, they were among the first groups to receive vaccination against COVID-19. A higher risk of COVID-19 infection may also exist among hospital staff members other than HCWs. In this study, we assessed the seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination in hospital staff members. Methods This cross-sectional study included 228 staff members of Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, who were recruited from 2020 to 2021. Staff members were vaccinated with vector and inactivated vaccines. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG was measured in their blood samples pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination. Results Of the 228 hospital staff members evaluated in this study (mean age: 37.59 ± 8.70 years), 204 (89.5%) were female and 210 (92.1%) were HCWs. Only one staff member was not vaccinated, the rest received one dose (99.6%), and 224 (98.7%) two doses. Vector vaccines were administered to 71.4% of staff members and 72.9% of HCWs. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was positive in 8.8% of staff members before vaccination, 9.3% after the first dose, and 50% after the second dose. The corresponding percentages were 9.5%, 9.5%, and 48.8% in HCWs. Being a HCW was not associated with the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after the second dose; however, multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the interval between two vaccine doses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.434; 0.816, P = 0.001) and age (aOR = 1.062, 95% CI 1.021; 1.105, P = 0.003) were associated with seroprevalence. Conclusions After receiving a second dose of vector or inactive virus vaccines, our hospital’s staff members and HCWs had a seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of around 50%. Seroprevalence increased with increasing age and shorter intervals between doses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to the general population due to their frontline role and direct contact with the infected patients. Accordingly, they were among the first groups to receive vaccination against COVID-19. A higher risk of COVID-19 infection may also exist among hospital staff members other than HCWs. In this study, we assessed the seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination in hospital staff members. Methods This cross-sectional study included 228 staff members of Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, who were recruited from 2020 to 2021. Staff members were vaccinated with vector and inactivated vaccines. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG was measured in their blood samples pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination. Results Of the 228 hospital staff members evaluated in this study (mean age: 37.59 ± 8.70 years), 204 (89.5%) were female and 210 (92.1%) were HCWs. Only one staff member was not vaccinated, the rest received one dose (99.6%), and 224 (98.7%) two doses. Vector vaccines were administered to 71.4% of staff members and 72.9% of HCWs. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was positive in 8.8% of staff members before vaccination, 9.3% after the first dose, and 50% after the second dose. The corresponding percentages were 9.5%, 9.5%, and 48.8% in HCWs. Being a HCW was not associated with the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after the second dose; however, multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the interval between two vaccine doses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.434; 0.816, P = 0.001) and age (aOR = 1.062, 95% CI 1.021; 1.105, P = 0.003) were associated with seroprevalence. Conclusions After receiving a second dose of vector or inactive virus vaccines, our hospital’s staff members and HCWs had a seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of around 50%. Seroprevalence increased with increasing age and shorter intervals between doses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Purpose To identify the key infection processes and risk factors in Computed Tomography (CT) examination process within the standard prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 epidemic, aiming to mitigate cross-infection occurrences in the hospital. Method The case hospital has assembled a team of 30 experts specialized in CT examination. Based on the CT examination process, the potential failure modes were assessed from the perspective of severity (S), occurrence probability (O), and detectability (D); they were then combined with corresponding risk prevention measures. Finally, key infection processes and risk factors were identified according to the risk priority number (RPN) and expert analysis. Results Through the application of RPN and further analysis, four key potential infection processes were identified, including “CT request form (A1),” “during the scan of CT patient (B2),” “CT room and objects disposal (C2),” and “medical waste (garbage) disposal (C3)”. In addition, eight key risk factors were also identified, including “cleaning personnel does not wear masks normatively (C32),” “nurse does not select the vein well, resulting in extravasation of the peripheral vein for enhanced CT (B25),” “patient cannot find the CT room (A13),” “patient has obtained a CT request form but does not know the procedure (A12),” “patient is too unwell to continue with the CT scan (B24),” “auxiliary staff (or technician) does not have a good grasp of the sterilization and disinfection standards (C21),” “auxiliary staff (or technician) does not sterilize the CT machine thoroughly (C22),” and “cleaning personnel lacks of knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control (C33)”. Conclusion Hospitals can publicize the precautions regarding CT examination through various channels, reducing the incidence of CT examination failure. Hospitals’ cleaning services are usually outsourced, and the educational background of the staff employed in these services is generally not high. Therefore, during training and communication, it is more necessary to provide a series of scope and training programs that are aligned with their understanding level. The model developed in this study effectively identifies the key infection prevention process and critical risk factors, enhancing the safety of medical staff and patients. This has significant research implications for the potential epidemic of major infectious diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Introduction It is important to identify the relationship between the COVID-19 vaccination status and the prognosis of this disease in hospitalized patients to gain a more accurate picture of their status and the effect of vaccination, as well as take necessary measures to improve their medical care. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the vaccination status of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the disease severity index in terms of clinical, imaging, and laboratory criteria. Methods This research is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. the study population consisted of patients with a positive RT-PCR test for coronavirus, admitted to COVID-19 departments of teaching hospitals in Yazd, Iran, during two months in the sixth peak of COVID-19. The patients’ data comprised demographic information (age, sex, and underlying disease), clinical information (length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay, and vaccination status), disease outcome (mortality and intubation), laboratory information (ESR, CRP, and NLR), and imaging information (lung involvement percentage), and finally, the relationship between patients’ vaccination status and disease severity indices were analyzed with the chi-square test, independent t-test, and logistic regression analysis at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Findings According to research findings, the duration of hospitalization was 5.25 ± 2.34 and 6.11 ± 3.88 days in groups of patients with complete and incomplete vaccination, respectively (P = 0.003). The lengths of ICU stay were 6 ± 4.63 and 5.23 ± 3.73 days in both groups of patients admitted to the ICU (P = 0.395). Furthermore, there were significant relationships between the ICU admission rates, endotracheal intubation, mortality rate, the lung involvement score in the chest CT scan, and the NLR with the vaccination status.Multivariate regression analysis indicated that DM, IHD, NLR, CT scan score and vaccination status were related to patients’ in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Complete vaccination of COVID-19 led to a milder disease in terms of clinical, imaging, and laboratory criteria of patients and decreased the possibility of hospitalization in ICUs, intubation, and mortality in patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background People who have coronary artery disease are more likely to develop signs and symptoms of COVID-19 due to their special circumstances. Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG)does not cure the disease but reduces the signs and symptoms, therefore, there is a possibility of severe complications of Covid-19 after it. Materials and methods This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from June to July 2020 on 200 patients who underwent CABG from February 2018 to February 2020. The instrument consisted of socio-demographic variables and COVID’s signs and symptoms checklist. Data were collected by census method by telephone. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Mann Whitney U test, and logistic regression model. Results The results showed that the majority of the samples were male (67%). The mean age of them was 62.02 ± 9.06 years and 10% of the m had signs and symptoms of Covid 19. Having the symptoms of COVID-19 is significant in terms of the variables of decreased sense of smell (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background People who have coronary artery disease are more likely to develop signs and symptoms of COVID-19 due to their special circumstances. Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG)does not cure the disease but reduces the signs and symptoms, therefore, there is a possibility of severe complications of Covid-19 after it. Materials and methods This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from June to July 2020 on 200 patients who underwent CABG from February 2018 to February 2020. The instrument consisted of socio-demographic variables and COVID’s signs and symptoms checklist. Data were collected by census method by telephone. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Mann Whitney U test, and logistic regression model. Results The results showed that the majority of the samples were male (67%). The mean age of them was 62.02 ± 9.06 years and 10% of the m had signs and symptoms of Covid 19. Having the symptoms of COVID-19 is significant in terms of the variables of decreased sense of smell (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Hospital admission outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings are understudied. We describe in-hospital mortality and associated clinical-demographic factors among PLHIV admitted at a tertiary-level public hospital in Uganda. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV admitted at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital between March 2020 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of PLHIV who had died during hospitalization and performed logistic regression modelling to identify predictors of mortality. Results Of the 5,827 hospitalized PLHIV, the median age was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–49) and 3,293 (56.51%) were female. The median CD4 + cell count was 109 cells/µL (IQR 25–343). At admission, 3,710 (63.67%) were active on antiretroviral therapy (ART); 1,144 (19.63%) had interrupted ART > 3 months and 973 (16.70%) were ART naïve. In-hospital mortality was 26% (1,524) with a median time-to-death of 3 days (IQR 1–7). Factors associated with mortality (with adjusted odds ratios) included ART interruption, 1.33, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.13–1.57, p 0.001; CD4 + counts ≤ 200 cells/µL 1.59, 95%CI 1.33–1.91, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Hospital admission outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings are understudied. We describe in-hospital mortality and associated clinical-demographic factors among PLHIV admitted at a tertiary-level public hospital in Uganda. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV admitted at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital between March 2020 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of PLHIV who had died during hospitalization and performed logistic regression modelling to identify predictors of mortality. Results Of the 5,827 hospitalized PLHIV, the median age was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–49) and 3,293 (56.51%) were female. The median CD4 + cell count was 109 cells/µL (IQR 25–343). At admission, 3,710 (63.67%) were active on antiretroviral therapy (ART); 1,144 (19.63%) had interrupted ART > 3 months and 973 (16.70%) were ART naïve. In-hospital mortality was 26% (1,524) with a median time-to-death of 3 days (IQR 1–7). Factors associated with mortality (with adjusted odds ratios) included ART interruption, 1.33, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.13–1.57, p 0.001; CD4 + counts ≤ 200 cells/µL 1.59, 95%CI 1.33–1.91, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Hospital admission outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings are understudied. We describe in-hospital mortality and associated clinical-demographic factors among PLHIV admitted at a tertiary-level public hospital in Uganda. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV admitted at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital between March 2020 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of PLHIV who had died during hospitalization and performed logistic regression modelling to identify predictors of mortality. Results Of the 5,827 hospitalized PLHIV, the median age was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–49) and 3,293 (56.51%) were female. The median CD4 + cell count was 109 cells/µL (IQR 25–343). At admission, 3,710 (63.67%) were active on antiretroviral therapy (ART); 1,144 (19.63%) had interrupted ART > 3 months and 973 (16.70%) were ART naïve. In-hospital mortality was 26% (1,524) with a median time-to-death of 3 days (IQR 1–7). Factors associated with mortality (with adjusted odds ratios) included ART interruption, 1.33, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.13–1.57, p 0.001; CD4 + counts ≤ 200 cells/µL 1.59, 95%CI 1.33–1.91, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShishi Wu, Yanhong Li, Stefan Baral, Sharmistha Mishra, Maria Koh, Haley Golding, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Xiaolin Wei
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
by Shishi Wu, Yanhong Li, Stefan Baral, Sharmistha Mishra, Maria Koh, Haley Golding, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Xiaolin Wei Background Evidence on protection of different patterns of infection- and vaccine-acquired immunity against Omicron-associated severe illness is useful in planning booster vaccination strategies. We examined protection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, a third or a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose, and hybrid immunity against Omicron-associated severe illness. Methods and findings This population-based cohort study followed five million individuals with at least one SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test before November 21, 2021 until an Omicron-associatedhospitalization or death. We used Cox regression models to estimate risks of Omicron-associated hospitalization and a composite severe outcome (hospitalized and death), among individuals with infection- and/or vaccination-acquired immunity. Individuals who were unvaccinated and had no history of a prior infection severed as the reference group. Both adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding protection (one minus adjusted HR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were reported. Three doses provided 94% (95%CI 93–95) and 93% (95%CI 91–94) protection against Omicron-associated hospitalization at 2–3 and ≥3 months post-vaccination respectively, similar to the protection conferred by three doses and a prior infection (2–3 months: 99%, 95%CI 97–100; ≥3 months: 97%, 95%CI 92–99) and four doses (1 month: 87%, 95%CI 79–92; 1–2 months: 96%, 95%CI 92–98). In individuals ≥65 years old, protection of four doses increased to 95% (95%CI 91–98) at 1–2 months, significantly higher than that of three doses over the follow-up period. Similar results were observed with the composite severe outcome. Conclusion At least three antigenic exposures, achieved by vaccination or infection, confers significant protection against Omicron-associated hospitalization and death in all age groups. Our findings support a third dose for the overall population, regardless of prior infection status, and a fourth dose for the elderly to maintain high level of immunity and substantially reduce risk of severe illness at individual level.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBruno Martins Tomazini, Lucas Tramujas, Fernando Azevedo Medrado Junior, Samara Pinheiro do Carmo Gomes, Karina Leal Negrelli, Gabriela Souza Murinize, Renato Hideo Nakagawa Santos, Bruna Martins Pereira Vianna, Bruna Fornazieri Piotto, Thabata Silva Veiga, Bianca Rodrigues do Santos, Ana Clara Peneluppi Horak, Olivia Mora Cavalcante Lemos, Marcela de Almeida Lopes, Beatriz Baptista Olicheski, Diego Lurentt Campones, Luiz Angelo Alencar Peixoto, Aline dos Anjos Chaves Basilio, Otavio Celso Eluf Gebara, Ana Tarina Alvarez Lopes, Humberto Saconato, Nanci Valeis, Tamiris Abait Miranda, Ligia Nasi Laranjeira, Eliana Vieira Santucci, Aaron Foster Carlin, Jeffrey David Esko, Phillip Leo Stephan Marie Gordts, Sotirios Tsimikas, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
by Bruno Martins Tomazini, Lucas Tramujas, Fernando Azevedo Medrado Junior, Samara Pinheiro do Carmo Gomes, Karina Leal Negrelli, Gabriela Souza Murinize, Renato Hideo Nakagawa Santos, Bruna Martins Pereira Vianna, Bruna Fornazieri Piotto, Thabata Silva Veiga, Bianca Rodrigues do Santos, Ana Clara Peneluppi Horak, Olivia Mora Cavalcante Lemos, Marcela de Almeida Lopes, Beatriz Baptista Olicheski, Diego Lurentt Campones, Luiz Angelo Alencar Peixoto, Aline dos Anjos Chaves Basilio, Otavio Celso Eluf Gebara, Ana Tarina Alvarez Lopes, Humberto Saconato, Nanci Valeis, Tamiris Abait Miranda, Ligia Nasi Laranjeira, Eliana Vieira Santucci, Aaron Foster Carlin, Jeffrey David Esko, Phillip Leo Stephan Marie Gordts, Sotirios Tsimikas, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti Background Halofuginone (PJS-539) is an oral prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor that has a potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. The safety and efficacy of halofuginone in Covid-19 patients has not been studied. Methods We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose ranging, safety and tolerability trial of halofuginone in symptomatic (≤ 7 days), mostly vaccinated, non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19. Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive halofuginone 0.5mg, 1mg or placebo orally once daily for 10 days. The primary outcome was the decay rate of the SARS-CoV-2 viral load logarithmic curve within 10 days after randomization. Results From September 25, 2021, to February 3, 2022, 153 patients were randomized. The mean decay rate in SARS-CoV-2 viral load log10 within 10 days was -3.75 (95% CI, -4.11; -3.19) in the placebo group, -3.83 (95% CI, -4.40; -2.27) in the halofuginone 0.5mg group and -4.13 (95% CI, -4.69; -3.57) in the halofuginone 1mg group, with no statistically significant difference in between placebo vs. halofuginone 0.5mg (mean difference -0.08; 95% CI -0.82 to 0.66, p = 0.96) and between placebo vs. halofuginone 1mg (mean difference -0.38; 95% CI, -1.11; 0.36, p = 0.41). There was no difference on bleeding episodes or serious adverse events at 28 days. Conclusions Among non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19 halofuginone treatment was safe and well tolerated but did not decrease SARS-CoV-2 viral load decay rate within 10 days.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
Abstract Background We assessed associations between binding antibody (bAb) concentration
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZiyad Al-Aly and Eric Topol
Science, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
Rageshri Dhairyawan
Lancet, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
In 2021, Breathtaking, palliative care consultant Rachel Clarke\'s memoir about the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, movingly captured the lived experiences of health-care workers in the UK\'s National Health Service (NHS). With co-writers Jed Mercurio and Prasanna Puwanarajah, who are both former physicians, Clarke has now adapted her book for television. This visual medium gives the narrative a power to reach further than the book to validate not only the experiences of staff, but also service users, and to speak to a wider audience.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSanne Kaelen, Wilma van den Boogaard, Umberto Pellecchia, Sofie Spiers, Caroline De Cramer, Gwennin Demaegd, Edouard Fouqueray, Rafael Van den Bergh, Stephanie Goublomme, Tom Decroo, Muriel Quinet, Elke Van Hoof, Bertrand Draguez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
by Sanne Kaelen, Wilma van den Boogaard, Umberto Pellecchia, Sofie Spiers, Caroline De Cramer, Gwennin Demaegd, Edouard Fouqueray, Rafael Van den Bergh, Stephanie Goublomme, Tom Decroo, Muriel Quinet, Elke Van Hoof, Bertrand Draguez
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAugustine Ngmenemandel Balegha, Suburu Abdul-Aziz, Louis Mornah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
by Augustine Ngmenemandel Balegha, Suburu Abdul-Aziz, Louis Mornah Introduction The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccination has been identified as one of the most effective strategies for combating COVID-19. Positive perceptions and attitudes of HCPs towards the COVID-19 vaccination are essential to vaccine uptake and adherence. However, the perceptions and attitudes of HCPs towards the COVID-19 vaccination remain largely unexplored. We therefore assessed healthcare professionals’ perceptions, attitudes, and predictors of their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in the Wa Municipality, Upper West Region of Ghana. Methods In 2023, from January 16th to February 28th, we administered a multi-centre e-survey to a cross-section of 403 healthcare professionals in Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region, Ghana. We used STATA version 13 to analyze the data. Frequencies, percentages, and composite scores were used to assess perceptions and attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination. Hierarchical binary logistic regression modeling was then used to determine the predictors of attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination. Results The healthcare professionals had positive perceptions [6.00; IQR = 4.00–7.00] and attitudes [5.00; IQR = 4.00–5.00] towards theCOVID-19 vaccination. Positive perception [aOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.14–2.87, p < 0.05], female sex [aOR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.35–0.97, p < 0.05], marital status [aOR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.20–3.12; p < 0.01], having a bachelor’s degree or higher [aOR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.01–4.12; p < 0.05], and working in the Wa North sub-Municipal area [aOR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.05–0.96; p < 0.05] were statistically significantly associated with attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion The healthcare professionals’ perceptions and attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination were positive but suboptimal. We recommend regular education on COVID-19 vaccine benefits, safety, and efficacy. Enabling the work environment and addressing vaccine availability and accessibility for healthcare professionals should also be prioritized. These measures should particularly focus on female, single healthcare professionals who possess below a bachelor’s degree and are working in the Wa North sub-municipal area.
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