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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid-19) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1115 emner vises.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
This randomized clinical trial assesses the effect of targeting a lower vs higher oxygenation level on 90-day survival without need for life support among intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiafei Yu, Kai Zhang, Tianqi Chen, Ronghai Lin, Qijiang Chen, Chensong Chen, Minfeng Tong, Jianping Chen, Jianhua Yu, Yuhang Lou, Panpan Xu, Chao Zhong, Qianfeng Chen, Kangwei Sun, Liyuan Liu, Lanxin Cao, Cheng Zheng, Ping Wang, Qitao Chen, Qianqian Yang, Weiting Chen, Xiaofang Wang, Zuxi Yan, Xuefeng Zhang, Wei Cui, Lin Chen, Zhongheng Zhang, Gensheng Zhang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Since 2019, there has been a global pandemic of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 700 million confirmed cases and more than 6 million deaths in more than 200 countries worldwide as of October 2023, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. SARS-CoV-2 acts on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is widely expressed in a variety of tissues, such as the lung, kidney, and cardiovascular system [2], resulting in respiratory dysfunction (RD) and nonpulmonary organ dysfunction (nPOD).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFreitas, C. L., Sarmento, A. C. A., Serquiz, N., Nobre, M. L., Costa, A. P. F., Medeiros, K. S., Goncalves, A. K.
BMJ Open, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
IntroductionThe paediatric population represents a quarter of the world’s population, and like adult patients, they have also suffered immeasurably from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Immunisation is an effective strategy for reducing the number of COVID-19 cases. With the advancements in vaccination for younger age groups, parents or guardians have raised doubts and questions about adverse effects and the number of doses required. Therefore, systematic reviews focusing on this population are needed to consolidate evidence that can help in decision-making and clinical practice. This protocol aims to assess the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in paediatric patients and evaluate the correlation between the number of vaccine doses and side effects. Methods and analysisWe will search the PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scopus and Cochrane databases for randomised and quasi-randomised clinical trials that list the adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine and assess its correlation with the number of doses, without any language restrictions. Two reviewers will select the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extract data and asses for risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The Review Software Manager (RevMan V.5.4.1) will be used to synthesise the data. We will use the Working Group’s Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations to grade the strength of the evidence of the results. Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no primary data are collected. This systematic review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023390077.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHarris, J., Ramirez, P., Arnold, F., Redgrave, P.
BMJ Open, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
ObjectivesGovernment guidance to manage COVID-19 was challenged by low levels of health and digital literacy and lack of information in different languages. ‘Covid Confidence’ sessions (CC-sessions) were evaluated to assess their effectiveness in counteracting misinformation and provide an alternative source of information about the pandemic. DesignWe worked with community anchor organisations to co-ordinate online CC-sessions serving three economically deprived, ethnically mixed, neighbourhoods. We conducted a qualitative, participatory process evaluation, in tandem with the CC-sessions to explore whether a popular opinion leader/local champion model of health promotion could mobilise pandemic responses. Group discussions were supplemented by final interviews to assess changes in community capacity to mobilise. SettingSheffield, England, September 2020 to November 2021. ParticipantsCommunity leaders, workers and volunteers representing a variety of local organisations resulted in 314 attendances at CC-sessions. A group of local health experts helped organisations make sense of government information. ResultsCC-sessions fostered cross-organisational relationships, which enabled rapid community responses. Community champions successfully adapted information to different groups. Listening, identifying individual concerns and providing practical support enabled people to make informed decisions on managing exposure and getting vaccinated. Some people were unable to comply with self-isolation due to overcrowded housing and the need to work. Communities drew on existing resources and networks. ConclusionsCC-sessions promoted stronger links between community organisations which reduced mistrust of government information. In future, government efforts to manage pandemics should partner with communities to codesign and implement prevention and control measures.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Abstract Background Practicing hand hygiene is recommended as one of the key preventive measures for reducing the transmission of COVID-19 and other infectious agents. However, it is often not practiced frequently enough or correctly by the public. We aimed to identify barriers to and facilitators of hand hygiene in the Zimbabwean population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A qualitative study was conducted with a purposive sample of health workers, village health workers, church leaders, traditional healers, teachers, youth leaders and the general population selected from ten districts across the country from September to October 2022. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 3 key informant interviews per site. In addition, one homogenous focus group discussion was also conducted per site using a focus group discussion guide. The data were recorded on audiotapes, transcribed verbatim, and translated into English. All the analyses were performed manually using thematic analysis. Results Two themes were identified as facilitators of hand hygiene. These include individual factors (knowledge of hand hygiene practices and how they are performed) and access-related factors (access to hand washing infrastructure, soap, and sanitizers). Among the barriers to hand hygiene, four themes were identified: individual factors (knowledge gaps in proper hand washing, lack of conviction about hand hygiene, and habitual behaviour), access-related factors (lack of access to hand washing infrastructure, soap, and sanitizers), safety concerns (concern about the side effects of sanitizers), and sociocultural and religious factors (social customs, cultural beliefs, values, and religious practices). Conclusion During public health emergencies, there is a need for people to access uninterrupted, on-premises water supplies to promote compliance with hand hygiene. The provision of clean water and hand washing facilities is critical for vulnerable communities to afford them the opportunity to improve quality of life and facilitate resilience in the event of future pandemics. Community engagement is important for identifying vulnerability factors to provide appropriate mitigatory measures.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Abstract Background Since December 2019, COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world, and studies have shown that measures to prevent COVID-19 can largely reduce the spread of other infectious diseases. This study explored the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and interventions on the incidence of HFMD. Methods We gathered data on the prevalence of HFMD from the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University. An autoregressive integrated moving average model was constructed using HFMD incidence data from 2014 to 2019, the number of cases predicted from 2020 to 2022 was predicted, and the predicted values were compared with the actual measurements. Results From January 2014 to October 2022, the Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University admitted 103,995 children with HFMD. The average number of cases of HFMD from 2020 to 2022 was 4,946, a significant decrease from 14,859 cases from 2014 to 2019. We confirmed the best ARIMA (2,0,0) (1,1,0)12 model. From 2020 to 2022, the yearly number of cases decreased by 46.58%, 75.54%, and 66.16%, respectively, compared with the forecasted incidence. Trends in incidence across sexes and ages displayed patterns similar to those overall. Conclusions The COVID-19 outbreak and interventions reduced the incidence of HFMD compared to that before the outbreak. Strengthening public health interventions remains a priority in the prevention of HFMD.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKerstin Unfried, Jan Priebe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
by Kerstin Unfried, Jan Priebe The widespread dissemination of misinformation on social media is a serious threat to global health. To a large extent, it is still unclear who actually shares health-related misinformation deliberately and accidentally. We conducted a large-scale online survey among 5,307 Facebook users in six sub-Saharan African countries, in which we collected information on sharing of fake news and truth discernment. We estimate the magnitude and determinants of deliberate and accidental sharing of misinformation related to three vaccines (HPV, polio, and COVID-19). In an OLS framework we relate the actual sharing of fake news to several socioeconomic characteristics (age, gender, employment status, education), social media consumption, personality factors and vaccine-related characteristics while controlling for country and vaccine-specific effects. We first show that actual sharing rates of fake news articles are substantially higher than those reported from developed countries and that most of the sharing occurs accidentally. Second, we reveal that the determinants of deliberate vs. accidental sharing differ. While deliberate sharing is related to being older and risk-loving, accidental sharing is associated with being older, male, and high levels of trust in institutions. Lastly, we demonstrate that the determinants of sharing differ by the adopted measure (intentions vs. actual sharing) which underscores the limitations of commonly used intention-based measures to derive insights about actual fake news sharing behaviour.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnna Shchetinina, Natalie Slopen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
by Anna Shchetinina, Natalie Slopen The negative effects of alcohol use can transmit intergenerational harm if alcohol use disorder (AUD) occurs during pregnancy and/or while parenting a child. Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading preventable cause of congenital anomalies in the USA, and heavy drinking in women has been on the rise, further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study describes the most recent patterns in the past year AUD prevalence and treatment among reproductive-aged women, with a specific focus on pregnant and parenting women, and barriers to treatment among those affected. We analyzed data on reproductive-age women from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015–2021). We used generalized linear models to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for past 12-month AUD and its treatment based on DSM-V criteria. We considered sociodemographic characteristics, including age, race/ethnicity, income, health insurance type, and arrest history. Pregnant and parenting women displayed lower risk for AUD (PR = 0.48, 95% CI:0.41–0.57; PR = 0.5 95% CI:0.48–0.54, respectively) relative to non-pregnant/non-parenting women. Excess risk for AUD was associated with education (some college vs. college graduates, PR = 1.07, 95% CI:1.01–1.13) and history of arrests (PR = 2.93, 95% CI:2.67–3.21). There were no clear differences in AUD treatment use based on parenting or pregnancy status. Among those with AUD, the prevalence of treatment was higher among individuals aged 35–49 years compared to those 18–25 years (PR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.19–2.14) and in those enrolled in Medicaid vs. private insurance (PR = 2.62, 95%CI:1.97–3.47). Financial barriers and treatment not being a priority were the most frequently reported barriers to treatment. To promote well-being among parents and their children, healthcare providers should prioritize reproductive-age women at higher AUD risk. Decreasing the stigma attached to AUD and intensifying efforts to educate women about the dangers of AUD may improve treatment use among pregnant and parenting women.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZihan Li, Xiwen Deng, Yi Mao, Jinglong Duan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
by Zihan Li, Xiwen Deng, Yi Mao, Jinglong Duan The spread of the COVID-19 had profoundly affected the development of the air transportation. In order to determine the changes in air transportation volume associated with the development of the epidemic, this paper takes Southwest China as the study area. Monthly data and methods, such as the coefficient of variation, rank-size analysis and spatial matching index, were applied. The results found that: (1) during 2020–2022, there was a positive relationship between passenger volume and epidemic development, while freight volume increased for most airports in the first quarter of 2020–2022, particularly in the eastern region; (2) From the perspective of changes in air transportation volume under the development of the COVID-19, among various types of airports, the changes in transportation volume of main trunk airports were more significant than those of regional feeder airports in remote areas; (3) however, under the influence of the epidemic, main trunk airports still exhibited stronger attraction in passenger volume. That is to say, the passengers who chose to travel by air still tended to choose the main trunk airports and formed the agglomeration distribution pattern which around high-level airports in the provincial capital. Whereas the freight volume had a tendency of equalization among airports in Southwest China; (4) Over the course of time, the consistency of the spatial distribution of the number of cases and the passenger or freight volume in southwest China gradually increased. Among them, the spatial matching rate of the passenger volume and the number of COVID-19 cases was always higher than that of the cases and freight volume, which might indicate that there was a stronger correlation relationship. Therefore, it is proposed that the construction of multi-center airport system should be strengthened, the resilience of the route network for passenger transportation should be moderately enhanced, and the risk-resistant capacity of mainline airports and airports in tourist cities should be upgraded, so as to provide references for the orderly recovery of civil aviation and regional development.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYing Wang, Fang Yuan, Yueqian Song, Huaxiang Rao, Lili Xiao, Huilin Guo, Xiaolong Zhang, Mufan Li, Jiayu Wang, Yi zhou Ren, Jie Tian, Jianzhou Yang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
by Ying Wang, Fang Yuan, Yueqian Song, Huaxiang Rao, Lili Xiao, Huilin Guo, Xiaolong Zhang, Mufan Li, Jiayu Wang, Yi zhou Ren, Jie Tian, Jianzhou Yang The COVID-19 pandemic has been present globally for more than three years, and cross-border transmission has played an important role in its spread. Currently, most predictions of COVID-19 spread are limited to a country (or a region), and models for cross-border transmission risk assessment remain lacking. Information on imported COVID-19 cases reported from March 2020 to June 2022 was collected from the National Health Commission of China, and COVID-19 epidemic data of the countries of origin of the imported cases were collected on data websites such as WHO and Our World in Data. It is proposed to establish a prediction model suitable for the prevention and control of overseas importation of COVID-19. Firstly, the SIR model was used to fit the epidemic infection status of the countries where the cases were exported, and most of the r2 values of the fitted curves obtained were above 0.75, which indicated that the SIR model could well fit different countries and the infection status of the region. After fitting the epidemic infection status data of overseas exporting countries, on this basis, a SIR-multiple linear regression overseas import risk prediction combination model was established, which can predict the risk of overseas case importation, and the established overseas import risk model overall P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Abstract In the context of the evolving global health landscape shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, tuberculosis (TB) is gaining renewed attention as a reemerging threat even in low-endemic countries. Immunological tests such as the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) are pivotal in identifying tuberculosis infection (TBI). However, their inability to distinguish between past and ongoing infection poses a diagnostic challenge, possibly leading to the unnecessary treatment of a significant portion of the population with potential side effects. This review delves into the concept of incipient tuberculosis (ITB), a dynamic, presymptomatic stage characterized by heightened Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) metabolic activity and replication that result in minimal radiological changes, signifying a transitional state between TBI and TB. Key focus areas include epidemiological factors, underlying pathogenesis, imaging findings, and the ongoing challenges in the identification of individuals with ITB through the development of new biomarkers and the use of whole-genome sequencing-based analyses to implement early treatment strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOmatsu, K., Yamashita, A., Inaba, H.
BMJ Open, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
ObjectivesTo analyse monthly changes in public access defibrillation (PAD) incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) during the 2020–2021 COVID-19 pandemic compared with those during the 2016–2019 prepandemic period with consideration of pandemic-related movement restriction. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingAn extended database was created by combining and reconciling the nationwide Utstein-style OHCA and the emergency medical service (EMS) transportation databases in Japan. ParticipantsWe analysed 226 182 EMS-witnessed, non-newborn and out-of-home OHCA cases in Japan. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the PAD incidence and neurologically favourable 1-month survival rate. The secondary outcomes were bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provision and dispatcher-assisted CPR attempts. ResultsThe proportion of out-of-home OHCA cases slightly decreased during the pandemic (from 33.7% to 31.9%). Although the pandemic was associated with a decreased PAD incidence, 2-year trend analyses by an interaction test showed that the PAD incidence was lower during the first nationwide declaration of a state of emergency (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedErly, Steven; Menza, Tim W.; Granillo, Lauren; Navejas, Michael; Udeagu, Chi-Chi N.; MD, Kathleen Brady A.; Hixson, Lindsay K.; Raj-Sing, Shavvy; Nassau, Tanner; Kaasa, Chelsey; Buskin, Susan
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7.04.2024
Tilføjet 7.04.2024
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global economic and healthcare systems. People living with HIV (PLWH) represent a marginalized and stigmatized population who may have been particularly impacted. The purpose of this analysis was to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PLWH in the United States. Setting: United States. Methods: We analyzed surveys of behavioral and clinical characteristics of PLWH residing in five states that participated in the Medical Monitoring Project between 2020 and 2022. We described the impact of COVID-19 illness, testing and diagnoses, receipt of medical care, social service access, employment, and preventive measures by project site and demographic characteristics. Results: Unweighted data from 1715 PLWH were analyzed. A high proportion of PLWH had medical care disrupted by the pandemic; 31% of PLWH missed medical appointments, 26% missed routine labs, and 7% missed antiretroviral therapy doses. 30% of PLWH reported losing wages and 19% reported difficulty in accessing social services. Overall, 88% reported receiving at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, but vaccine uptake was low among younger, Black and Hispanic or Latina/o/x PLWH. Conclusion: This descriptive analysis reinforces previous findings that show that COVID-19 negatively impacted PLWH and their ability to obtain medical care. Additional efforts will be critical to ameliorating the longer-term impacts of COVID-19 on the health of PLWH and supporting PLWH through future pandemics and healthcare system disruptions. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLinnemayr, Sebastian; Wagner, Zachary; Saya, Uzaib Y.; Stecher, Chad; Lunkuse, Lillian; Wabukala, Peter; Odiit, Mary; Mukasa, Barbara
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7.04.2024
Tilføjet 7.04.2024
Background: This study tests behavioral economics incentives to improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), with one approach being low-cost. Setting: 329 adults at Mildmay Hospital in Kampala, Uganda on ART for at least two years and showing adherence problems received the intervention for about 15 months until the study was interrupted by a nation-wide COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: We randomized participants into one of three (1:1:1) groups: usual care (‘control’ group; n=109) or one of two intervention groups where eligibility for non-monetary prizes was based on: showing at least 90% electronically measured ART adherence (‘adherence-linked’ group, n=111); or keeping clinic appointments as scheduled (‘clinic-linked’; n=109). After 12 months, participants could win a larger prize for consistently high adherence or viral suppression. Primary outcomes were mean adherence and viral suppression. Analysis was by intention-to-treat using linear regression. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03494777. Results: Neither incentive arm increased adherence compared to the control; we estimate a 3.9 percentage point increase in ‘adherence-linked’ arm [95% CI -0.70 to 8.60 (p=0.10)], and 0.024 in the ‘clinic-linked’ arm [95% CI -0.02 to 0.07 (p=0.28)]. For the prespecified subgroup of those with initial low adherence, incentives increased adherence by 7.60 percentage points (95% CI 0.01, 0.15; p=0.04, ‘adherence-linked’) and 5.60 percentage points (95% CI -0.01, 0.12; p=0.10, ‘clinic-linked’). We find no effects on clinic attendance or viral suppression. Conclusions: Incentives did not improve viral suppression or ART adherence overall but worked for the pre-specified subgroup of those with initial low adherence. More effectively identifying those in need of adherence support will allow better targeting of this and other incentive interventions. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 7.04.2024
Tilføjet 7.04.2024
Abstract Background With COVID-19 vaccination no longer mandated by many businesses/organizations, it is now up to individuals to decide whether to get any new boosters/updated vaccines going forward.Methods We developed a Markov model representing the potential clinical/economic outcomes from an individual perspective in the United States of getting versus not getting an annual COVID-19 vaccine.Results For an 18-49-year-old, getting vaccinated at its current price ($60) can save the individual on average $30-$603 if the individual is uninsured and $4-$437 if the individual has private insurance, as long as the starting vaccine efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is ≥50% and the weekly risk of getting infected is ≥0.2%, corresponding to an individual interacting with 9 other people in a day under Winter 2023-2024 Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant conditions with an average infection prevalence of 10%. For a 50-64-year-old, these cost-savings increase to $111-$1,278 and $119-$1,706, for someone without and with insurance, respectively. The risk threshold increases to ≥0.4% (interacting with 19 people/day), when the individual has 13.4% pre-existing protection against infection (e.g., vaccinated 9 months earlier).Conclusion There is both clinical and economic incentive for the individual to continue to get vaccinated against COVID-19 each year.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWilliams, D. B., Spinks, B., Williams, D., Lewis, R., Bull, F., Edwards, A.
BMJ Open, 6.04.2024
Tilføjet 6.04.2024
ObjectiveTo assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on people experiencing incarceration (PEI), focusing particularly on clinical outcomes compared with the general population. DesignSystematic review with narrative synthesis in accordance with the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination’s good practice guidelines. Data sourcesMedline, Social Policy and Practice, Criminology Connection, ASSIA, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Cochrane COVID-19 reviews, COVID-19 Evidence Reviews and L*OVE COVID-19 Evidence databases were searched up to 21 October 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included studies presenting data specific to adults ≥18 years experiencing incarceration, with exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. All studies with a comparison group, regardless of study design and country were included. Studies with no comparison group data or not measuring clinical outcomes/health inequalities were excluded. Studies focussing on detained migrants, forensic hospitals, prison staff and those not in English were also excluded. Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Data underwent narrative synthesis using a framework analysis based on the objectives, for infection rates, testing, hospitalisation, mortality, vaccine uptake rates and mental health outcomes. There was no scope for meta-analysis, due to the heterogeneity of evidence available. Results4516 references were exported from the databases and grey literature searched, of which 55 met the inclusion criteria. Most were from the USA and were retrospective analyses. Compared with the general population, PEI were usually found to have higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and poorer clinical outcomes. Conflicting data were found regarding vaccine uptake and testing rates compared with the general population. The mental health of PEI declined during the pandemic. Certain subgroups were more adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as ethnic minorities and older PEI. ConclusionPEI have poorer COVID-19 clinical outcomes than the general public, as shown by largely low-quality heterogenous evidence. Further high-quality research of continuing clinical outcomes and appropriate mitigating interventions is required to assess downstream effects of the pandemic on PEI. However, performing such research in the context of incarceration facilities is highly complex and potentially challenging. Prioritisation of resources for this vulnerable group should be a focus of national policy in the event of future pandemics. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022296968.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlhassan, J. A. K., Wills, O.
BMJ Open, 6.04.2024
Tilføjet 6.04.2024
BackgroundThe last 3 years have witnessed global health challenges, ranging from the pandemics of COVID-19 and mpox (monkeypox) to the Ebola epidemic in Uganda. Public health surveillance is critical for preventing these outbreaks, yet surveillance systems in resource-constrained contexts struggle to provide timely disease reporting. Although community health workers (CHWs) support health systems in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), very little has been written about their role in supporting public health surveillance. This review identified the roles, impacts and challenges CHWs face in public health surveillance in 25 LMICs. MethodsWe conducted a scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. We exported 1,156 peer-reviewed records from Embase, Global Health and PubMed databases. After multiple screenings, 29 articles were included in the final review. ResultsCHWs significantly contribute to public health surveillance in LMICs including through contact tracing and patient visitation to control major infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, Ebola, neglected tropical diseases and COVID-19. Their public health surveillance roles typically fall into four main categories including community engagement; data gathering; screening, testing and treating; and health education and promotion. The use of CHWs in public health surveillance in LMICs has been impactful and often involves incorporation of various technologies leading to improved epidemic control and disease reporting. Nonetheless, use of CHWs can come with four main challenges including lack of education and training, lack of financial and other resources, logistical and infrastructural challenges as well as community engagement challenges. ConclusionCHWs are important stakeholders in surveillance because they are closer to communities than other healthcare workers. Further integration and training of CHWs in public health surveillance would improve public health surveillance because CHWs can provide health data on ‘hard-to-reach’ populations. CHWs’ work in public health surveillance would also be greatly enhanced by infrastructural investments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.04.2024
Tilføjet 6.04.2024
Abstract Background Pain is one of the prevalent Long COVID Symptoms (LCS). Pain interferes with the quality of life (QoL) and induces disease burden. Purpose The study aimed to elicit the clinical presentation of pain and determine the relationships between QoL and pain in LCS. Methods This household cross-sectional study of 12,925 SARS-CoV-2 cases between July and December 2021 was carried out in eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Stratified random sampling from the cases retrieved from the Ministry of Health was employed. Symptom screening was performed through COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale, and long COVID was diagnosed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS (Version 20.00). Results The prevalence of pain in long COVID was between 01 and 3.1% in the studied population. The study also found five categories of pain symptoms as LCS in Bangladesh: muscle pain 3.1% (95% CI; 2.4–3.8), chest pain 2.4% (95% CI; 1.8–3.1), joint pain 2.8% (95% CI; 2.2–2.3), headache 3.1% (95% CI; 2.4–3.8), and abdominal pain 0.3% (95% CI; 0.01–0.5). People with LCS as pain, multiple LCS, and longer duration of LCS had significantly lower quality of life across all domains of the WHOQOL-BREF (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRasyid, A., Harris, S., Kurniawan, M., Mesiano, T., Hidayat, R., Wiyarta, E.
BMJ Open, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of admission D-dimer levels for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 and acute ischaemic stroke. DesignCohort (prospective). SettingTertiary referral hospital in the capital city of Indonesia conducted from June to December 2021. Participants60 patients with acute ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 were included. Patients were classified into D-dimer groups (low and high) according to a 2 110 ng/mL cut-off value, determined via receiver operating characteristic analysis. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, with admission D-dimer levels as the major predictor. Secondary outcomes included associations between other demographic and clinical variables and the admission D-dimer value. Kaplan-Meier method was used to carry out survival analysis, with univariable and multivariable Cox regression performed to assess the association of D-dimer levels and other confounding variables (including demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters) with in-hospital mortality. ResultsThe findings demonstrated an association between elevated admission D-dimer levels (≥2 110 ng/mL) and an increased likelihood of death during hospitalisation. The adjusted HR was 14.054 (95% CI 1.710 to 115.519; p=0.014), demonstrating an increase in mortality risk after accounting for confounders such as age and diabetes history. Other significant predictors of mortality included a history of diabetes and increased white blood cell count. ConclusionsAdmission D-dimer levels may be a useful predictive indicator for the likelihood of death during hospitalisation in individuals with COVID-19 and acute ischaemic stroke.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKosuke Tamura, Reiko Shimbashi, Ayu Kasamatsu, Bin Chang, Kenji Gotoh, Yoshinari Tanabe, Koji Kuronuma, Kengo Oshima, Takaya Maruyama, Masashi Nakamatsu, Shuichi Abe, Kei Kasahara, Junichiro Nishi, Yu Arakawa, Yuki Kinjo, Motoi Suzuki, Yukihiro Akeda, Kazunori Oishi, Adult IPD Study Group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Streptococcus pneumoniae asymptomatically colonizes the nasopharynx, often causes pneumococcal disease in children and adults, and can enter the bloodstream to cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The most common presentation is bacteremic pneumonia, which accounts for approximately 60% of all adult IPD cases [1]. Adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia have a higher in-hospital mortality rate than those without bacteremia [2]. Therefore, understanding the diverse clinical aspects of pneumococcal infection is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies especially in adult population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Abstract Background Pain is one of the prevalent Long COVID Symptoms (LCS). Pain interferes with the quality of life (QoL) and induces disease burden. Purpose The study aimed to elicit the clinical presentation of pain and determine the relationships between QoL and pain in LCS. Methods This household cross-sectional study of 12,925 SARS-CoV-2 cases between July and December 2021 was carried out in eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Stratified random sampling from the cases retrieved from the Ministry of Health was employed. Symptom screening was performed through COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale, and long COVID was diagnosed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS (Version 20.00). Results The prevalence of pain in long COVID was between 01 and 3.1% in the studied population. The study also found five categories of pain symptoms as LCS in Bangladesh: muscle pain 3.1% (95% CI; 2.4–3.8), chest pain 2.4% (95% CI; 1.8–3.1), joint pain 2.8% (95% CI; 2.2–2.3), headache 3.1% (95% CI; 2.4–3.8), and abdominal pain 0.3% (95% CI; 0.01–0.5). People with LCS as pain, multiple LCS, and longer duration of LCS had significantly lower quality of life across all domains of the WHOQOL-BREF (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSantosa, Ailiana; Oras, Jonatan; Li, Huiqi; Nwaru, Chioma; Kirui, Brian; Nyberg, Fredrik
Critical Care Medicine, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Objectives: Some studies have examined survival trends among critically ill COVID-19 patients, but most were case reports, small cohorts, and had relatively short follow-up periods. We aimed to examine the survival trend among critically ill COVID-19 patients during the first two and a half years of the pandemic and investigate potential predictors across different variants of concern periods. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Swedish ICUs, between March 6, 2020, and December 31, 2022. Patients: Adult COVID-19 ICU patients of 18 years old or older from the Swedish Intensive Care Register (SIR) that were linked to multiple other national registers. Measurement and Main Results: Survival probability and predictors of COVID-19 death were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Of 8975 patients, 2927 (32.6%) died. The survival rate among COVID-19 critically ill patients appears to have changed over time, with a worse survival in the Omicron period overall. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) comparing older and younger ages were consistently strong but slightly attenuated in the Omicron period. After adjustment, the aHR of death was significantly higher for men, older age (40+ yr), low income, and with comorbid chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, impaired immune disease, chronic renal disease, stroke, and cancer, and for those requiring invasive or noninvasive respiratory supports, who developed septic shock or had organ failures (p < 0.05). In contrast, foreign-born patients, those with booster vaccine, and those who had taken steroids had better survival (aHR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80–0.95; 0.74, 0.65–0.84, and 0.91, 0.84–0.98, respectively). Observed associations were similar across different variant periods. Conclusions: In this nationwide Swedish cohort covering over two and a half years of the pandemic, ICU survival rates changed over time. Older age was a strong predictor across all periods. Furthermore, most other mortality predictors remained consistent across different variant periods.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMiriam Lewis Sabin
Lancet, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
In 2020, the US city of New York echoed with sirens from ambulances that were transporting patients with COVID-19 to the city\'s hospitals. Each evening, the nightly ritual of applause and pot-banging was a daily thank you and a reminder of the crucial contributions of all the health-care workers who were caring for the sick.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndrew Brinkley, Gavin Sandercock, Ruth Lowry, Paul Freeman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
by Andrew Brinkley, Gavin Sandercock, Ruth Lowry, Paul Freeman Physical inactivity within an ageing population is an ongoing public health concern for policymakers. Engagement in sport forms a foundation of policy designed to encourage physical activity participation and improve health and wellbeing. This study aimed to (i) understand the extent to which older adults participate in sport and the (ii) correlates that predict this involvement within an English population sample of older adults. A further aim was (iii) to examine the extent in which sports participation may vary due to the opportunity provided across Active Partnerships in England. To address this, a multi-level analysis framed through COM-B was conducted of the 2021 English Active Lives dataset (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic). The Active Lives survey provides population-level insight into sport, exercise, and physical activity participation across England. It samples upwards of n = 180,000 participants beyond the age of 16 years and asks questions on factors that influence participation. Our findings drawn from a sample of n = 68,808 older adults (i.e., >60-years of age) indicate that when accounting for variation across regions sports participation was significantly predicted by age (β = -.246, p = .040) and multiple deprivation (β = .706, p = .030). Further, our analysis suggests sports participation across regions is associated with changes in the perceptions of opportunity to participate (β = -28.70, p = .001). As the UK transitions from the COVID-19 pandemic, findings have implications for the promotion of sports participation for older adults, in that local, regional, and national stakeholders must do more to change perceptions of social and physical opportunity within an ageing population. This may be achieved through adaptations to the recreational sporting landscape, raising awareness, and supportive policy changes on a national level.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPablo Blas Tupac Silva Barbosa, Andrés Peña-Galindo, Andrés Miguel Sampayo, Sebastian Londoño-Méndez, Ivan Enrique Contreras Cala, David Granada Donato, Jenny Rocío Beltrán Pérez, Alejandro Feged-Rivadeneira
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
by Pablo Blas Tupac Silva Barbosa, Andrés Peña-Galindo, Andrés Miguel Sampayo, Sebastian Londoño-Méndez, Ivan Enrique Contreras Cala, David Granada Donato, Jenny Rocío Beltrán Pérez, Alejandro Feged-Rivadeneira This study investigates the intricate relationship between Venezuelan migration and urban growth in Colombia from 2018 to 2021. The study employs remote sensing data and social network metrics to uncover migration patterns and their impact on urban expansion. The methodology consists of three stages. Firstly, nighttime satellite imagery is used to analyze year-over-year urban growth in Colombia. Secondly, social network data estimates Venezuelan migration, overcoming challenges of underreporting and informal border crossings. Lastly, an econometric analysis explores the quantitative link between Venezuelan migration and urban growth, integrating socioeconomic variables to address endogeneity. The findings reveal the complex interplay of Venezuelan migration, socioeconomic factors, and urban growth. The study outlines remote sensing analysis, introducing the Anthropogenic Footprint Expansion Index (AFEI) to quantify urban growth. Facebook API data estimates migration trends and explores socioeconomic impacts on urban expansion. The analysis uncovers migration, poverty, aging, and urban population proportion as key factors affecting Colombia’s urban landscape. Furthermore, the research underscores how Venezuelan migration affected short-term urban expansion pre- and post-COVID-19. Migration had a notable effect before the pandemic, but this influence waned afterward. The study highlights migration’s short-term nature and emphasizes age demographics’ role in medium-term dynamics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 3 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Yuta Okada, Hiroshi Nishiura
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJennifer Hammond, Robert J. Fountaine, Carla Yunis, Dona Fleishaker, Mary Almas, Weihang Bao, Wayne Wisemandle, Mary Lynn Baniecki, Victoria M. Hendrick, Veselin Kalfov, J. Abraham Simón-Campos, Rienk Pypstra, and James M. Rusnak*From Global Product Development, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (J.H.); Global Product Development, Pfizer, Groton, CT (R.J.F.); Global Product Development, Pfizer, Lake Mary (C.Y.), and Global Product Development, Pfizer, Tampa (J.M.R.) — both in Florida; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Lexington, KY (D.F.); Global Product Development, Pfizer, New York (M.A., W.B., R.P.); Global Product Development, Pfizer, Lake Forest, IL (W.W.); Early Clinical Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (M.L.B.); Pfizer, Sandwich, United Kingdom (V.M.H.); the Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Pneumo-Phthisiatric Diseases, Haskovo, Bulgaria (V.K.); and Méchnikov Project, Köhler and Milstein Research, Anahuac-Mayab University, Mérida, Mexico (J.A.S.-C.).
New England Journal of Medicine, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 13, Page 1186-1195, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRajesh T. Gandhi, and Martin HirschFrom Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School — both in Boston.
New England Journal of Medicine, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 13, Page 1234-1236, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichael A Moso, George Taiaroa, Eike Steinig, Madiyar Zhanduisenov, Grace Butel-Simoes, Ivana Savic, Mona L Taouk, Socheata Chea, Jean Moselen, Jacinta O’Keefe, Jacqueline Prestedge, Georgina L Pollock, Mohammad Khan, Katherine Soloczynskyj, Janath Fernando, Genevieve E Martin, Leon Caly, Ian G Barr, Thomas Tran, Julian Druce, Chuan K Lim, Deborah A Williamson
The Lancet Microbe, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses can be detected and sequenced from COVID-19 rapid antigen devices. Recovery of near full-length viral sequences from these devices provides a valuable opportunity to expand genomic surveillance programmes for public health monitoring of circulating respiratory viruses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPriyo Budi Purwono, Vimvara Vacharathit, Suwimon Manopwisedjaroen, Natali Ludowyke, Ampa Suksatu, Arunee Thitithanyanont
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
by Priyo Budi Purwono, Vimvara Vacharathit, Suwimon Manopwisedjaroen, Natali Ludowyke, Ampa Suksatu, Arunee Thitithanyanont The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants as a result of continued host-virus interaction and viral genome mutations. These variants have been associated with varying levels of transmissibility and disease severity. We investigated the phenotypic profiles of six SARS-CoV-2 variants (WT, D614G, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron) in Calu-3 cells, a human lung epithelial cell line. In our model demonstrated that all variants, except for Omicron, had higher efficiency in virus entry compared to the wild-type. The Delta variant had the greatest phenotypic advantage in terms of early infection kinetics and marked syncytia formation, which could facilitate cell-to-cell spreading, while the Omicron variant displayed slower replication and fewer syncytia formation. We also identified the Delta variant as the strongest inducer of inflammatory biomarkers, including pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IP-10/CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1RA), and growth factors (FGF-2 and VEGF-A), while these inflammatory mediators were not significantly elevated with Omicron infection. These findings are consistent with the observations that there was a generally more pronounced inflammatory response and angiogenesis activity within the lungs of COVID-19 patients as well as more severe symptoms and higher mortality rate during the Delta wave, as compared to less severe symptoms and lower mortality observed during the current Omicron wave in Thailand. Our findings suggest that early infectivity kinetics, enhanced syncytia formation, and specific inflammatory mediator production may serve as predictive indicators for the virulence potential of future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLujing Liu, Xiaoning Zhou, Jian Xu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
by Lujing Liu, Xiaoning Zhou, Jian Xu The objective of this study is to explore the impact of working capital management on firms’ financial performance in China’s agri-food sector from 2006 to 2021. In addition, we analyze whether this impact is the same during the 2008 financial crisis and the 2020 COVID-19 crisis. Working capital management is measured by working capital investment policy (measured by current assets to total assets ratio), working capital financing policy (measured by current liabilities to total assets ratio), cash conversion cycle, and net working capital ratio. The results reveal that current assets to total assets ratio and net working capital ratio positively influence financial performance measured through return on assets (ROA), while current liabilities to total assets ratio and cash conversion cycle negatively influence ROA. We also find that the relationship between working capital management and financial performance is more affected during COVID-19 than in the 2008 financial crisis. The findings might provide important implications for company managers to make optimal working capital management practices, depending on the economic environment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGiorgia Minello, Carlo Romano Marcello Alessandro Santagiustina, Massimo Warglien
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
by Giorgia Minello, Carlo Romano Marcello Alessandro Santagiustina, Massimo Warglien During the COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific literature related to SARS-COV-2 has been growing dramatically. These literary items encompass a varied set of topics, ranging from vaccination to protective equipment efficacy as well as lockdown policy evaluations. As a result, the development of automatic methods that allow an in-depth exploration of this growing literature has become a relevant issue, both to identify the topical trends of COVID-related research and to zoom-in on its sub-themes. This work proposes a novel methodology, called LDA2Net, which combines topic modelling and network analysis, to investigate topics under their surface. More specifically, LDA2Net exploits the frequencies of consecutive words pairs (i.e. bigram) to build those network structures underlying the hidden topics extracted from large volumes of text by Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Results are promising and suggest that the topic model efficacy is magnified by the network-based representation. In particular, such enrichment is noticeable when it comes to displaying and exploring the topics at different levels of granularity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaduro, G., Li, W., Huynh, M., Bernard-Davila, B., Gould, L. H., Van Wye, G.
BMJ Open, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
ObjectiveAssessing excess deaths from benchmarks across causes of death during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and identifying morbidities most frequently mentioned alongside COVID-19 deaths in the death record. MethodsDescriptive study of death records between 11 March 2020 and 27 July 2020, from the New York City Bureau of Vital Statistics. Mortality counts and percentages were compared with the average for the same calendar period of the previous 2 years. Distributions of morbidities from among forty categories of conditions were generated citywide and by sex, race/ethnicity and four age groups. Causes of death were assumed to follow Poisson processes for Z-score construction. ResultsWithin the study period, 46 563 all-cause deaths were reported; 132.9% higher than the average for the same period of the previous 2 years (19 989). Of those 46 563 records, 19 789 (42.5%) report COVID-19 as underlying cause of death. COVID-19 was the most prevalent cause across all demographics, with respiratory conditions (prominently pneumonia), hypertension and diabetes frequently mentioned morbidities. Black non-Hispanics had greater proportions of mentions of pneumonia, hypertension, and diabetes. Hispanics had the largest proportion of COVID-19 deaths (52.9%). Non-COVID-19 excess deaths relative to the previous 2-year averages were widely reported. ConclusionMortality directly due to COVID-19 was accompanied by significant increases across most other causes from their reference averages, potentially suggesting a sizable COVID-19 death undercount. Indirect effects due to COVID-19 may partially account for some increases, but findings are hardly dispositive. Unavailability of vaccines for the time period precludes any impact over excess deaths. Respiratory and cardiometabolic-related conditions were most frequently reported among COVID-19 deaths across demographic characteristics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClohessy, S., Arvanitis, T. N., Rashid, U., Craddock, C., Evans, M., Toro, C. T., Elliott, M. T.
BMJ Open, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic accelerated changes to clinical research methodology, with clinical studies being carried out via online/remote means. This mixed-methods study aimed to identify which digital tools are currently used across all stages of clinical research by stakeholders in clinical, health and social care research and investigate their experience using digital tools. DesignTwo online surveys followed by semistructured interviews were conducted. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Setting, participantsTo explore the digital tools used since the pandemic, survey participants (researchers and related staff (n=41), research and development staff (n=25)), needed to have worked on clinical, health or social care research studies over the past 2 years (2020–2022) in an employing organisation based in the West Midlands region of England (due to funding from a regional clinical research network (CRN)). Survey participants had the opportunity to participate in an online qualitative interview to explore their experiences of digital tools in greater depth (n=8). ResultsSix themes were identified in the qualitative interviews: ‘definition of a digital tool in clinical research’; ‘impact of the COVID-19 pandemic’; ‘perceived benefits/drawbacks of digital tools’; ‘selection of a digital tool’; ‘barriers and overcoming barriers’ and ‘future digital tool use’. The context of each theme is discussed, based on the interview results. ConclusionsFindings demonstrate how digital tools are becoming embedded in clinical research, as well as the breadth of tools used across different research stages. The majority of participants viewed the tools positively, noting their ability to enhance research efficiency. Several considerations were highlighted; concerns about digital exclusion; need for collaboration with digital expertise/clinical staff, research on tool effectiveness and recommendations to aid future tool selection. There is a need for the development of resources to help optimise the selection and use of appropriate digital tools for clinical research staff and participants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTungsanga, S., Ghimire, A., Hariramani, V. K., Abdulrahman, A., Khan, A. S., Ye, F., Kung, J. Y., Klarenbach, S., Thompson, S., Collister, D., Srisawat, N., Okpechi, I. G., Bello, A. K.
BMJ Open, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
IntroductionIn recent decades, all-cause mortality has increased among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), influenced by factors such as aetiology, standards of care and access to kidney replacement therapies (dialysis and transplantation). The recent COVID-19 pandemic also affected mortality over the past few years. Here, we outline the protocol for a systematic review to investigate global temporal trends in all-cause mortality among patients with CKD at any stage from 1990 to current. We also aim to assess temporal trends in the mortality rate associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of studies reporting mortality for patients with CKD following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We will search electronic databases, national and multiregional kidney registries and grey literature to identify observational studies that reported on mortality associated with any cause for patients with CKD of all ages with any stage of the disease. We will collect data between April and August 2023 to include all studies published from 1990 to August 2023. There will be no language restriction, and clinical trials will be excluded. Primary outcome will be temporal trends in CKD-related mortality. Secondary outcomes include assessing mortality differences before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, exploring causes of death and examining trends across CKD stages, country classifications, income levels and demographics. Ethics and disseminationA systematic review will analyse existing data from previously published studies and have no direct involvement with patient data. Thus, ethical approval is not required. Our findings will be published in an open-access peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023416084.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4 Pages: 741-748
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPetrie, S., Laur, C., Rios, P., Suarez, A., Makanjuola, O., Burke, E., Bhattacharyya, O., Mukerji, G.
BMJ Open, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
ObjectivesDelivery of virtual care increased throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and persisted after physical distancing measures ended. However, little is known about how to measure the quality of virtual care, as current measures focus on in-person care and may not apply to a virtual context. This scoping review aims to understand the connections between virtual care modalities used with ambulatory patient populations and quality measures across the Quintuple Aim (provider experience, patient experience, per capita cost, population health and health equity). DesignVirtual care was considered any interaction between patients and/or their circle of care occurring remotely using any form of information technology. Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, JBI) and grey literature sources (11 websites, 3 search engines) were searched from 2015 to June 2021 and again in August 2022 for publications that analysed virtual care in ambulatory settings. Indicators were extracted, double-coded into the Quintuple Aim framework; patient and provider experience indicators were further categorised based on the National Academy of Medicine quality framework (safety, effectiveness, patient-centredness, timeliness, efficiency and equity). Sustainability was added to capture the potential for continued use of virtual care. Results13 504 citations were double-screened resulting in 631 full-text articles, 66 of which were included. Common modalities included video or audio visits (n=43), remote monitoring (n=11) and mobile applications (n=11). The most common quality indicators were related to patient experience (n=58 articles), followed by provider experience (n=25 articles), population health outcomes (n=23 articles) and health system costs (n=19 articles). ConclusionsThe connections between virtual care modalities and quality domains identified here can inform clinicians, administrators and other decision-makers how to monitor the quality of virtual care and provide insights into gaps in current quality measures. The next steps include the development of a balanced scorecard of virtual care quality indicators for ambulatory settings to inform quality improvement.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLee, J., Wong, K. K.-Y.
BMJ Open, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
ObjectivesThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent’s mental health and relationships has received growing attention, yet the challenges and support needs of adolescents living in existing deprivation are not well understood. The current qualitative study, part of a broader project cocreating mental health and life-skill workshops with young people, documents adolescents’ lived experience and support needs 4 years on from the COVID-19 pandemic. Design20 semi-structured interviews and 6 focus groups were transcribed and thematically analysed in NVivo V.12 to inform codesigned workshops to support adolescents’ needs. SettingIslington borough in North London, United Kingdom. Participants20 adolescents aged 14–25 years (mean=18.3; 60% female, 60% white) from Islington with a history of difficulties (eg, mental health, deprivation, court order) were referred by Islington local authority teams to our study. ResultsThematic analyses revealed eight themes on adolescents’ COVID-19 experiences and five associated suggestions on ‘support needs’: health challenges and support; relationships and support; routines and support; educational challenges and learning support; inequality and support; distrust; loss of opportunities and grief. ConclusionsIn our qualitative study, adolescents spoke of positive reflections, challenges, and need for support 4 years on from the COVID-19 pandemic. Many adolescents shared their lived experiences for the first time with someone else and wished they would have the space and time to acknowledge this period of loss. Adolescents living with existing inequality and deprivation before the pandemic have reported sustained and exacerbated impacts during the pandemic, hence coproduced support for adolescents should be a priority.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCélia Regina Malveste ItoMônica Oliveira SantosMarcos de Oliveira CunhaKelliane Martins de AraújoGuilherme Rocha Lino de SouzaGeovana Sôffa RézioPollyanna Neta de BritoAlana Parreira Costa RezendeJakeline Godinho FonsecaIsabela Jubé WastowskiJosé Daniel Gonçalves VieiraMelissa Ameloti Gomes AvelinoLilian Carla Carneiroa Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás– 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazilb Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biologic Science Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Camp, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazilc State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazild Molecular Immunology Laboratory of Goiás State University, Laranjeiras Unity Prof. Alfredo de Castro neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazile Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Goiás, Universitaria Avenue, Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Natalie M. KirkYuying LiangHinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Karina Leksy, Grzegorz Gawron, Rafaela Rosário
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Karina Leksy, Grzegorz Gawron, Rafaela Rosário The coronavirus pandemic has contributed to increasing the responsibility of school principals for the health of all school community members. Moreover, evidence confirms the significant role of school principals’ health literacy (HL) for health promotion in schools. Therefore, the presented study aims to evaluate the associations between Polish school principals HL and the implementation of the Health Promoting School (HPS) approach in Polish schools. The present study was conducted as part of an international survey on the global COVID-HL network (www.covid-hl.eu) between June 2021 and December 2021. Three subscales of the HPS were considered and an exploratory analysis were used in this study. Associations between the median split of each subscale of HPS (outcome) and health literacy (predictor) were performed using logistic regression. Research results showed that the highest level of HPS implementation was directed at pupils. Principals perceived themselves as having the highest HL on the ‘accessibility’ subscale and these respondents had significantly higher odds of implementing learning opportunities for students. The study suggests that principals with adequate HL may be more likely to effectively implement HPS strategies in schools. This research could provide insights into the complex interplay between HL and the HPS approach and inform the development of more effective strategies for promoting health and HL in schools.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYacheng Zhou, Feiyu Liu, Weidong Huo, Changjiang Peng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Yacheng Zhou, Feiyu Liu, Weidong Huo, Changjiang Peng The expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has raised a wide range of concerns about its environmental impact. Therefore, from the perspective of environmental impacts, this study used the two-way fixed effect staggered differences in differences (TWFE Staggered DID) method to examine the impact of the BRI on the Environment Goods (EGs) intra-industry trade (IIT) between China and other Belt and Road (B&R) countries, including a sample of 191 countries, covering the period from 2010 to 2019 for eliminating the impact of COVID-19 and the financial crisis in 2008 and 2009. Because only 135 countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding between 2010 and 2019, this study treated these B&R countries as the study group, and the other 73 countries (non-B&R countries) as the control group. This study described EGs using the 54 6-digit code Environment Goods in Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System listed in the “APEC LIST OF ENVIRONMENT GOODS” published by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation in 2012, and used the intra-industry trade index proposed by Grubel and Lloyd in 1971 to measuring dependent variable. The research results indicated that the BRI has significantly promoted bilateral EGs IIT. The mechanism test implied that, in addition to direct impacts, the BRI also has indirect impacts by boosting the energy restructuring of B&R countries. These results prove that the BRI has positive impacts on the environment. The heterogeneity test showed that there is a heterogeneous impact depending on the type of IIT, product categorization, B&R countries’ income levels, and geographic environment. This study not only gives theoretical and empirical evidence of the positive environmental impacts of the BRI, but also provides practical guidance for the development of EGS IIT between China and B&R countries, thereby contributing to global carbon emissions reduction and environmental governance to some degree.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElisa Correcher-Martínez, Mónica López-Lacort, Cintia Muñoz-Quiles, Javier Díez-Domingo, Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with very wide-ranging symptoms. Although the most common symptoms derive from infection of the respiratory tract, several cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 exist [1,2]. Among these, cases of vesicular lesions and herpes zoster (HZ)-compatible cutaneous manifestations were reported in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic [3–5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
New guidance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides updated measures to combat respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. The recommendations come at a time when deaths and hospitalizations from COVID-19 have decreased from the peak of the pandemic and the availability of tools to fight respiratory viruses is greater than ever, the agency noted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
From October 2023 to December 2023, older adults made up more than half of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the US. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now recommends an additional updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine dose for adults aged 65 years or older.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
New data support the idea that care for patients with COVID-19 early in the pandemic may have come at the cost of other services. A population-based study recently published in JAMA Oncology found an overall 13% reduction in all cancer diagnoses in the US from March through December 2020, amounting to approximately 134 000 missed cases, or 1 of every 9 diagnosed cancer cases, the researchers estimated.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the cardiac adverse events (AEs) in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving remdesivir plus standard of care (SoC) compared to SoC alone (control), as an association was noted in some cohort studies and disproportionality analyses of safety databases.Methods This post-hoc safety analysis is based on data from the multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled DisCoVeRy trial in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (NCT04315948). Any first AE occurring between randomization and day 29 in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population randomized to either remdesivir or control group was considered. Analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for event rates.Results Cardiac AEs were reported in 46 (11.2%) of 410 and 48 (11.3%) of 423 patients in the mITT population (n = 833) enrolled in the remdesivir and control groups, respectively. The difference between both groups was not significant (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7-1.5, p = 0.98), even when evaluating serious and non-serious cardiac AEs separately. The majority of reports in both groups were of arrhythmic nature (remdesivir, 84.8%; control, 83.3%) and were associated with a favorable outcome. There was no significant difference between remdesivir and control groups in the occurrence of different cardiac AE subclasses, including arrhythmic events (HR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7, p = 0.68).Conclusions Remdesivir treatment was not associated with an increased risk of cardiac AEs, whether serious or not, and regardless of AE severity, compared to control, in patients hospitalized with moderate or severe COVID-19. This is consistent with the results of other randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAstrid Juhl Andersen, Solène Wallez, Maria Melchior, Murielle Mary-Krause
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
by Astrid Juhl Andersen, Solène Wallez, Maria Melchior, Murielle Mary-Krause Introduction Results of the impact of lockdowns and stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in cigarette smoking are mixed. Previous studies examining smoking changes during the early stages of the pandemic in 2020 have mainly focused on smoker’s perception of changes in cigarette consumption. Such measure has not been widely used in other contexts, and therefore we aim to compare the discrepancy between smokers’ perceived changes in cigarette smoking and the actual change in the number of cigarettes smoked, using repeated measurements. Methods We included 134 smokers from the French TEMPO cohort with repeated measurements of their perceived changes in smoking habits during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and the number of cigarettes smoked repeatedly from March to May 2020. We used generalized estimation equations (GEE) to examine the association between changes in the number of cigarettes smoked and the odds of mismatched answers. Results The results suggest that at each study wave, 27–45% of participants provided mismatching answers between their perceived change in smoking habits and the actual change in the number of cigarettes smoked daily, measured repeatedly. Results from GEE analysis demonstrated that a mismatching assessment of smoking behavior was elevated among those who had an increase (OR = 2.52 [1.37;4.65]) or a decrease (OR = 5.73 [3.27;10.03]) in number of cigarettes smoked. Discussion Our findings highlight the possibility of obtaining different results depending on how changes in tobacco smoking are measured. This highlights the risk of underestimating the actual changes in cigarette smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also more generally when validating public health interventions or smoking cessation programs. Therefore, objective measures such as the actual consumption of psychoactive substances should be utilized, preferably on a longitudinal basis, to mitigate recall bias.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPedro David Wendel-Garcia, Benjamin Seeliger, Daniel Hofmaenner, Christian Bode, Klaus Stahl, Sascha David
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.04.2024
Tilføjet 1.04.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 7, Page 894-895, April 1, 2024.
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