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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid-19) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1137 emner vises.
Apirak Bumyut, Sasithorn Thanapop, Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
by Apirak Bumyut, Sasithorn Thanapop, Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti Community-based tourism (CBT) in Thailand faces challenges in adapting to COVID-19 prevention measures. The purpose of the study was to evaluate levels of knowledge, practice, and compliance regarding safety and health measures of the entrepreneur in managing CBT under the Safety and Health Administration (SHA) standard in the new normal situation. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on twenty-one entrepreneurs from three CBTs in three districts in Nakhon Si Thammarat, in the months of February—May 2021. Levels of knowledge and practice were evaluated by questionnaires and compliance level was evaluated by SHA standard checklist. The level of knowledge and practice were categorized sufficient and insufficient, while compliance level was categorized as high or low if scores met or exceeded 80%, based on Bloom’s cut-off point. Information on sociodemographic characteristics was also gathered. Fisher’s exact test with a 95% confidence level (α < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. The findings revealed that 66.7% and 38.1% of the establishments in the study had sufficient knowledge (Mean ± SD: 46.9 ± 7.2, Max: 55.0, Min: 33.0) and sufficient practice (Mean ± SD: 40.4 ± 9.2, Max: 55.0, Min: 29.0), respectively. In addition, the study found that knowledge level was significantly associated with practice level at a p-value of 0.018. However, compliance level was not related to knowledge and practice. In conclusion, the low level of compliance was due to a lack of understanding and motivation to comply with the standard, and the budget of small establishments in CBT for bringing them up to the SHA standard was quite limited. Therefore, the related organizations should use a variety of strategies to encourage entrepreneurs, such as partnership building and resource support.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMoira Cruickshank, Miriam Brazzelli, Paul Manson, Nicola Torrance, Aileen Grant
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
by Moira Cruickshank, Miriam Brazzelli, Paul Manson, Nicola Torrance, Aileen Grant Background Long COVID is a devastating, long-term, debilitating illness which disproportionately affects healthcare workers, due to the nature of their work. There is currently limited evidence specific to healthcare workers about the experience of living with Long COVID, or its prevalence, pattern of recovery or impact on healthcare. Objective Our objective was to assess the effects of Long COVID among healthcare workers and its impact on health status, working lives, personal circumstances, and use of health service resources. Methods We conducted a systematic rapid review according to current methodological standards and reported it in adherence to the PRISMA 2020 and ENTREQ statements. Results We searched relevant electronic databases and identified 3770 articles of which two studies providing qualitative evidence and 28 survey studies providing quantitative evidence were eligible. Thematic analysis of the two qualitative studies identified five themes: uncertainty about symptoms, difficulty accessing services, importance of being listened to and supported, patient versus professional identity and suggestions to improve communication and services for people with Long COVID. Common long-term symptoms in the survey studies included fatigue, headache, loss of taste and/or smell, breathlessness, dyspnoea, difficulty concentrating, depression and anxiety. Conclusion Healthcare workers struggled with their dual identity (patient/doctor) and felt dismissed or not taken seriously by their doctors. Our findings are in line with those in the literature showing that there are barriers to healthcare professionals accessing healthcare and highlighting the challenges of receiving care due to their professional role. A more representative approach in Long COVID research is needed to reflect the diverse nature of healthcare staff and their occupations. This rapid review was conducted using robust methods with the codicil that the pace of research into Long COVID may mean relevant evidence was not identified.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKonstantinos S. Kechagias, Joshua D. Laleye, Jan Drmota, Georgios Geropoulos, Georgios Kyrtsonis, Marina Zafeiri, Konstantinos Katsikas Triantafyllidis, Dimitra Stathi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
by Konstantinos S. Kechagias, Joshua D. Laleye, Jan Drmota, Georgios Geropoulos, Georgios Kyrtsonis, Marina Zafeiri, Konstantinos Katsikas Triantafyllidis, Dimitra Stathi Background The newly developed COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective and safe. However, a small portion of vaccine recipients experience a wide range of adverse events. Recently, glomerular disease, including the development of Minimal Change Disease (MCD), has been observed after administration of different COVID-19 vaccines, although causality remains a matter of debate. Aim The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively examine the available literature and provide an overview of reported cases of MCD following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Results We identified 46 eligible articles which included 94 cases with MCD following COVID-19 vaccination of which one case was reported twice due to a second relapse. Fifty-five participants were males (59.1%, 55/93) and 38 (40.9%, 38/93) were females with a mean age of 45.02 years (SD:20.95). From the included patients 50 (50/94, 53.1%) were described as new-onset and 44 (46.9%, 44/94) as relapse. On average, symptomatology developed 16.68 days (SD: 22.85) after the administration of the vaccine irrespective of the dose. Data about symptoms was reported in 68 cases with the most common being oedema (80.8%, 55/68), followed by weight gain (26.5%, 18/68) and hypertension (16.1%, 11/68). In terms of outcome, more than half of the patients went into remission (61%, 57/94), while 18 recovered or improved post treatment (19.1%, 18/94). Two people relapsed after treatment (2.1%, 2/94) and two cases (2.1%, 2/94) were reported as not recovered. Conclusion MCD is possibly a condition clinicians may see in patients receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Although this adverse event is uncommon, considering the limited published data and the absence of confirmed causality, increased clinical awareness is crucial for the early recognition and optimal management of these patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarina Charquero-Ballester, Jessica Gabriele Walter, Astrid Sletten Rybner, Ida Anthonj Nissen, Kenneth Christian Enevoldsen, Anja Bechmann
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
by Marina Charquero-Ballester, Jessica Gabriele Walter, Astrid Sletten Rybner, Ida Anthonj Nissen, Kenneth Christian Enevoldsen, Anja Bechmann During the Covid-19 crisis, citizens turned to Twitter for information seeking, emotional outlet and sense-making of the crisis, creating ad hoc social communities using crisis-specific hashtags. The theory of ambient affiliation posits that the use of hashtags upscales the call to affiliate with the values expressed in the tweet. Given the deep functional tie between values and emotions, hashtag use might further amplify certain emotions. While emotions in crises-hashtagged communities have been previously investigated, the hypothesis of amplification of emotions through hashtag use has not yet been tested. We investigate such effect during the Covid-19 crisis in a scenario of high-trust Nordic societies, focusing on non-hashtagged, crisis hashtagged (e.g., ‘#Covid-19’) and threat hashtagged (e.g., ‘#misinformation’) tweets. To do so we apply XLM-RoBERTa to estimate Anger, Fear, Sadness, Disgust, Joy and Optimism. Our results revealed that crisis-hashtagged (#Covid-19) tweets expressed more negative emotions (Anger, Fear, Disgust and Sadness) and less positive emotions (Optimism and Joy) than non-hashtagged Covid-19 tweets for all countries except Finland. Threat tweets (#misinformation) expressed even more negative emotions (Anger, Fear, Disgust) and less positive emotions (Optimism and Joy) than #Covid-19 tweets, with a particularly large effect for Anger. Our findings provide useful context for previous research on collective emotions during crises, as most Twitter content is not hashtagged, and given the faster spread of emotionally charged content, further support the special focus on specific ad hoc communities for crisis and threat management and monitoring.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMay Oo Lwin, Anita Sheldenkar, Pei Ling Tng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
by May Oo Lwin, Anita Sheldenkar, Pei Ling Tng The prevalence of health myths is increasing with the rise of Internet use. Left unaddressed, online falsehoods can lead to harmful behaviours. In times of crisis, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the circulation of many myths is exacerbated, often to varying degrees among different cultures. Singapore is a multicultural hub in Asia with Western and Asian influences. Although several studies have examined health myths from a Western or Eastern perspective, little research has investigated online health falsehoods in a population that is culturally exposed to both. Furthermore, most studies examined myths cross-sectionally instead of capturing trends in myth prevalence over time, particularly during crisis situations. Given these literature gaps, we investigated popular myths surrounding the recent COVID-19 pandemic within the multicultural setting of Singapore, by examining its general population. We further examined changes in myth beliefs over the two-year period during the pandemic, and population demographic differences in myth beliefs. Using randomised sampling, two online surveys of nationally representative samples of adults (aged 21–70 years) residing in Singapore were conducted, the first between October 2020 and February 2021 (N = 949), and the second between March and April 2022 (N = 1084). Results showed that 12.7% to 57.5% of the population were unable to identify various myths, such as COVID-19 was manmade, and that three of these myths persisted significantly over time (increases ranging from 3.9% to 9.8%). However, belief in myths varied across population demographics, with ethnic minorities (Indians and Malays), females, young adults and those with lower education levels being more susceptible to myths than their counterparts (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that current debunking efforts are insufficient to effectively counter misinformation beliefs during health crises. Instead, a post-COVID-19 landscape will require targeted approaches aimed at vulnerable population sub-groups, that also focus on the erroneous beliefs with long staying power.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMelaku, T., Mekonnen, Z., Terefe Tucho, G., Mecha, M., Ardal, C., Jahre, M.
BMJ Open, 5.03.2024
Tilføjet 5.03.2024
ObjectivesLockdowns and border closures impacted medicine availability during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the availability of essential, generic medicines for chronic diseases at public pharmaceutical supply agencies in Ethiopia. DesignComparative cross-sectional study. SettingThe availability of essential, generic medicines for chronic diseases was assessed at two public pharmaceutical supply agency hubs. ParticipantsThe current study included public supply agency hub managers, warehouse managers and forecasting officers at the study setting. OutcomesThe assessment encompassed the availability of chronic medicines on the day of data collection, as well as records spanning 8 months before the outbreak and 1 year during the pandemic. A total of 22 medicines were selected based on their inclusion in the national essential drug list for public health facilities, including 17 medicines for cardiovascular disease and 5 for diabetes mellitus. ResultsThe results of the study indicate that the mean availability of the selected basket medicines was 43.3% (95% CI: 37.1 to 49.5) during COVID-19, which was significantly lower than the availability of 67.4% (95% CI: 62.2 to 72.6) before the outbreak (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 5.03.2024
Tilføjet 5.03.2024
Abstract Purpose To explore occupational and non-occupational risk and protective factors for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods Serum specimens and questionnaire data were obtained between October 7 and December 16, 2021 from COVID-19-vaccinated HCWs at a quaternary care hospital in Munich, Germany, and were analyzed in the RisCoin Study. Results Of 3,696 participants evaluated, 6.6% have had COVID-19 at least once. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified working in patient care occupations (7.3% had COVID-19, 95% CI 6.4–8.3, Pr = 0.0002), especially as nurses, to be a potential occupation-related COVID-19 risk factor. Non-occupational factors significantly associated with high rates of the disease were contacts to COVID-19 cases in the community (12.8% had COVID-19, 95% CI 10.3–15.8, Pr
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 5.03.2024
Tilføjet 5.03.2024
Abstract Background The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been observed from the very beginning of the fight against COVID-19, some mutations are indicators of potentially dangerous variants of the virus. However, there is no clear association between the genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19. We aimed to analyze the genetic variability of RdRp in correlation with different courses of COVID-19. Results The prospective study included 77 samples of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from outpatients (1st degree of severity) and hospitalized patients (2nd, 3rd and 4th degree of severity). The retrospective analyses included 15,898,266 cases of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences deposited in the GISAID repository. Single-nucleotide variants were identified based on the four sequenced amplified fragments of SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of the results was performed using appropriate statistical methods, with p T, 14697C > T, 15096 T > C, and 15279C > T), while the 15240C > T mutation was common among strains isolated from outpatients. The selected mutations were searched worldwide in the GISAID database, their presence was correlated with the severity of COVID-19. Conclusion Identified mutations have the potential to be used to assess the increased risk of hospitalization in COVID-19 positive patients. Experimental studies and extensive epidemiological data are needed to investigate the association between individual mutations and the severity of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 5.03.2024
Tilføjet 5.03.2024
Abstract Background The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe, and critical disease. Host genetic variants were recognized to affect the disease severity. However, the genetic landscape differs among various populations. Therefore, we explored the variants associated with COVID-19 severity in the Guangdong population. Methods A total of 314 subjects were selected, of which the severe and critical COVID-19 patients were defined as “cases”, and the mild and moderate patients were defined as “control”. Twenty-two variants in interferon-related genes and FOXP4 were genotyped using the MassARRAY technology platform. Results IFN signaling gene MX1 rs17000900 CA + AA genotype was correlated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 in males (P = 0.001, OR = 0.050, 95%CI = 0.008–0.316). The AT haplotype comprised of MX1 rs17000900 and rs2071430 was more likely to protect against COVID-19 severity (P = 6.3E-03). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 3.747, 95%CI = 1.746–8.043) and rs2894439 GA + AA genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 5.703, 95% CI = 2.045–15.903) were correlated with increased risk of severe COVID-19. Haplotype CA comprised of rs1886814 and rs2894439 was found to be correlated with adverse outcomes (P = 7.0E-04). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC (P = 0.0004) and rs2894439 GA + AA carriers had higher neutralizing antibody titers (P = 0.0018). The CA + AA genotype of MX1 rs17000900 tended to be correlated with lower neutralizing antibody titers than CC genotype (P = 0.0663), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Our study found a possible association between MX1 and FOXP4 polymorphisms and the severity of COVID-19. Distinguishing high-risk patients who develop severe COVID-19 will provide clues for early intervention and individual treatment strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 5.03.2024
Tilføjet 5.03.2024
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis To assess the efficacy of 0.23% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) nasal rinses and mouth washes on detectability of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus and cycle threshold (Ct) values in nasopharyngeal swabs. Study design This was an open-label, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting The study was conducted in King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from August 2021 to July 2022. Methods Participants diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 were randomly assigned to one of three groups, with participants receiving either 0.23% PVP-I, 0.9% normal saline (NS) nasal rinses and mouth washes, or no intervention (control group). Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken 4, 8, 12, and 18 days after the first swab to measure the detectability of the virus and the Ct. Results A total of 19 participants were involved in this study. The mean viral survival was 9.8, 12, and 12.6 days for the PVP-I, NS, and control groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.046). The Ct mean values were 23 ± 3.4, 23.5 ± 6.3, and 26.3 ± 5.9 at the time of recruitment and 25.2 ± 3.5, 15 ± 11.7, and 26.9 ± 6.4 after 4 days for the PVP-I, NS, and control groups, respectively. Conclusions When used continuously at a concentration of 0.23%, PVP-I showed promising results in terms of decreasing the pandemic burden by reducing the period of infectiousness and viral load. However, the use of PVP-I did not result in significantly different changes in the quality-of-life parameters in recently vaccinated and mild COVID-19 patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCED Rees, BMC Swift, P Haldar
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4.03.2024
Tilføjet 4.03.2024
Tuberculosis (TB), an aerosol transmitted infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the commonest cause of death globally, from an infectious bacterial disease. Nine years on from the launch of the WHO\'s END-TB strategy, disease incidence rates are stubbornly unchanged [1]. While this represents, in part, a reversal of improving trends caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it also reflects the fragility and inadequacy of healthcare systems to sustain TB control [2]. Although multifactorial, a key reason for this is the ineffectiveness of existing clinical tools to meet the two key objectives of the END-TB strategy – (i) early diagnosis and treatment of TB disease (to limit onward transmission); and (ii) disease prevention through screening for asymptomatic TB infection (TBI).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and treatment status on COVID-19-related hospitalizations in Georgia.Methods We analyzed 2020-2021 Georgian health-registry data for COVID-19-positive individuals and categorized by HCV infection and treatment status. Logistic regression was used to assess the strengths of the associations.Results Treated HCV individuals had lower odds of COVID-19-related hospitalization compared to anti-HCV-negatives, while untreated HCV-viremic and anti-HCV-positive non-viremic individuals had higher odds.Conclusions HCV treatment prior to COVID-19 infection was associated with lower odds of COVID-19-related hospitalization, highlighting the benefits of HCV management in the context of the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Abstract Background Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to severe disease with increased morbidity and mortality among certain risk groups. The presence of autoantibodies against type I interferons (aIFN-Abs) is one mechanism that contributes to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods This study aimed to investigate the presence of aIFN-Abs in relation to the soluble proteome, circulating immune cell numbers, and cellular phenotypes, as well as development of adaptive immunity.Results aIFN-Abs were more prevalent in critical compared to severe COVID-19 but largely absent in the other viral and bacterial infections studied here. The antibody and T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 remained largely unaffected by the presence aIFN-Abs. Similarly, the inflammatory response in COVID-19 was comparable in individuals with and without aIFN-Abs. Instead, presence of aIFN-Abs had an impact on cellular immune system composition and skewing of cellular immune pathways.Conclusions Our data suggest that aIFN-Abs do not significantly influence development of adaptive immunity but covary with alterations in immune cell numbers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Abstract Background Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) or chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy recipients have high morbidity from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There are limited data on outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly before cellular therapy and uncertainty whether to delay therapy.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection within 90 days prior to HCT or CAR-T therapy between January 2020 and November 2022. We characterized the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 detection, clinical outcomes following cellular therapy, and impact on delays in cellular therapy.Results We identified 37 patients (n=15 allogeneic HCT, n=11 autologous HCT, n=11 CAR-T therapy) with SARS-CoV-2 infections within 90 days of cellular therapy. Most infections (73%) occurred between March and November 2022, when Omicron strains were prevalent. Most patients had asymptomatic (27%) or mild (68%) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 positivity lasted a median of 20.0 days [IQR, 12.5-26.25]. The median time from first positive SARS-CoV-2 test to cellular therapy was 45 days [IQR, 37.75-70]; one patient tested positive on the day of infusion. After cellular therapy, no patients had recrudescent SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19-related complications. Cellular therapy delays related to SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in 70% of patients for a median of 37 days. Delays were more common after allogeneic (73%) and autologous (91%) HCT compared to CAR-T cell therapy (45%).Conclusions Patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 may not require prolonged delays in cellular therapy in the context of contemporary circulating variants and availability of antiviral therapies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Abstract Background The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe, and critical disease. Host genetic variants were recognized to affect the disease severity. However, the genetic landscape differs among various populations. Therefore, we explored the variants associated with COVID-19 severity in the Guangdong population. Methods A total of 314 subjects were selected, of which the severe and critical COVID-19 patients were defined as “cases”, and the mild and moderate patients were defined as “control”. Twenty-two variants in interferon-related genes and FOXP4 were genotyped using the MassARRAY technology platform. Results IFN signaling gene MX1 rs17000900 CA + AA genotype was correlated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 in males (P = 0.001, OR = 0.050, 95%CI = 0.008–0.316). The AT haplotype comprised of MX1 rs17000900 and rs2071430 was more likely to protect against COVID-19 severity (P = 6.3E-03). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 3.747, 95%CI = 1.746–8.043) and rs2894439 GA + AA genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 5.703, 95% CI = 2.045–15.903) were correlated with increased risk of severe COVID-19. Haplotype CA comprised of rs1886814 and rs2894439 was found to be correlated with adverse outcomes (P = 7.0E-04). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC (P = 0.0004) and rs2894439 GA + AA carriers had higher neutralizing antibody titers (P = 0.0018). The CA + AA genotype of MX1 rs17000900 tended to be correlated with lower neutralizing antibody titers than CC genotype (P = 0.0663), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Our study found a possible association between MX1 and FOXP4 polymorphisms and the severity of COVID-19. Distinguishing high-risk patients who develop severe COVID-19 will provide clues for early intervention and individual treatment strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis To assess the efficacy of 0.23% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) nasal rinses and mouth washes on detectability of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus and cycle threshold (Ct) values in nasopharyngeal swabs. Study design This was an open-label, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting The study was conducted in King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from August 2021 to July 2022. Methods Participants diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 were randomly assigned to one of three groups, with participants receiving either 0.23% PVP-I, 0.9% normal saline (NS) nasal rinses and mouth washes, or no intervention (control group). Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken 4, 8, 12, and 18 days after the first swab to measure the detectability of the virus and the Ct. Results A total of 19 participants were involved in this study. The mean viral survival was 9.8, 12, and 12.6 days for the PVP-I, NS, and control groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.046). The Ct mean values were 23 ± 3.4, 23.5 ± 6.3, and 26.3 ± 5.9 at the time of recruitment and 25.2 ± 3.5, 15 ± 11.7, and 26.9 ± 6.4 after 4 days for the PVP-I, NS, and control groups, respectively. Conclusions When used continuously at a concentration of 0.23%, PVP-I showed promising results in terms of decreasing the pandemic burden by reducing the period of infectiousness and viral load. However, the use of PVP-I did not result in significantly different changes in the quality-of-life parameters in recently vaccinated and mild COVID-19 patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLing, Ryan Ruiyang; Bonavia, William; Ponnapa Reddy, Mallikarjuna; Pilcher, David; Subramaniam, Ashwin
Critical Care Explorations, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
OBJECTIVES: A nontrivial number of patients in ICUs experience persistent critical illness (PerCI), a phenomenon in which features of the ICU course more consistently predict mortality than the initial indication for admission. We aimed to describe PerCI among patients with critical illness caused by COVID-19, and these patients’ short- and long-term outcomes. DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database of 114 Australian ICUs between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2022. PATIENTS: Patients 16 years old or older with COVID-19, and a documented ICU length of stay. EXPOSURE: The presence of PerCI, defined as an ICU length of stay greater than or equal to 10 days. MEASUREMENTS: We compared the survival time up to 2 years from ICU admission using time-varying robust-variance estimated Cox proportional hazards models. We further investigated the impact of PerCI in subgroups of patients, stratifying based on whether they survived their initial hospitalization. MAIN RESULTS: We included 4961 patients in the final analysis, and 882 patients (17.8%) had PerCI. ICU mortality was 23.4% in patients with PerCI and 6.5% in those without PerCI. Patients with PerCI had lower 2-year (70.9% [95% CI, 67.9–73.9%] vs. 86.1% [95% CI, 85.0–87.1%]; p < 0.001) survival rates compared with patients without PerCI. Patients with PerCI had higher mortality (adjusted hazards ratio: 1.734; 95% CI, 1.388–2.168); this was consistent across several sensitivity analyses. When analyzed as a nonlinear predictor, the hazards of mortality were inconsistent up until 10 days, before plateauing. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter retrospective observational study patients with PerCI tended to have poorer short-term and long-term outcomes. However, the hazards of mortality plateaued beyond the first 10 days of ICU stay. Further studies should investigate predictors of developing PerCI, to better prognosticate long-term outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBughrara, Nibras F.; Neilson, Maegan R.; Jones, Stephanie; Workman, Lorna; Chopra, Amit; Pustavoitau, Aliaksei
Critical Care Explorations, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
OBJECTIVES: We assessed the efficacy of 1-day training in echocardiography assessment using subxiphoid-only (EASy) followed by supervised image interpretation and decision-making during patient rounds as a novel approach to scaling up the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in critically ill patients. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of medical records and EASy examination images. SETTING: Tertiary care academic hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 14 adults (> 18 yr old) with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure under the care of Albany Medical Center’s surge response team from April 6–17, 2020 who received at least one EASy examination. INTERVENTIONS: Residents (previously novice sonographers) were trained in EASy examination using 1 day of didactic and hands-on training, followed by independent image acquisition and supervised image interpretation, identification of hemodynamic patterns, and clinical decision-making facilitated by an echocardiography-certified physician during daily rounds. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We recorded the quality of resident-obtained EASy images, scanning time, and frequency with which the supervising physician had to repeat the examination or obtain additional images. A total of 63 EASy examinations were performed; average scanning time was 4.3 minutes. Resident-obtained images were sufficient for clinical decision-making on 55 occasions (87%), in the remaining 8 (13%) the supervising physician obtained further images. CONCLUSIONS: EASy examination is an efficient, valuable tool under conditions of scarce resources. The educational model of 1-day training followed by supervised image interpretation and decision-making allows rapid expansion of the pool of sonographers and implementation of bedside echocardiography into routine ICU patient management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniela Liggett, Bob Frame, Peter Convey, Kevin A. Hughes
Science Advances, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Heesuk Kang, Kyu-Min Lee, Jae-Suk Yang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
by Heesuk Kang, Kyu-Min Lee, Jae-Suk Yang In our study, we introduce indicators that quantify the influence of each country in complex trade scenarios involving the exchange of raw materials, intermediate goods, and final products across multiple countries. We systematically employ an agent-based model to simulate the propagation of failures from one node to the entire network. This approach allows for the assessment of the impact of each country and the identification of patterns of interaction in the multi-step trade network. Unlike conventional analyses of trade networks, which depict straightforward single-step import/export transactions, our approach captures the intricate realities of processes like raw material procurement, production, and sales in numerous countries from a macroscopic perspective. The findings of our analysis of trade data spanning from 1990 to 2022 reveal several key insights. Firstly, sensitivity to changes in trade volume leading to global failures within interconnected networks has intensified over time. The potential of failure propagation across countries has increased over time, as has the interconnectedness of countries in the global trade landscape. Secondly, despite the increased sensitivity to changes in global trade volume, many countries have become less vulnerable to the influence of others within their multi-step trade networks. This trend aligns with deglobalization, which is evidenced by events such as Brexit and the surge in protectionist measures; these changes indicate a shift in the balance of influence within global trade networks. Thirdly, the results of our analysis of the relationship between load changes and global failures from a regional perspective reveal an intriguing phenomenon: despite limited direct trade connectivity, the interaction between the Latin American and Sub-Saharan African regions is considerable. This suggests the existence of hidden connections between intermediary countries, such that one region’s actions can alter the load sensitivity of another, impacting them in unforeseen ways. Furthermore, intra-regional interactions are diminishing in East Asia, while Europe is experiencing a gradual increase in interactions. These trends reflect evolving regional influence, the dynamics of geographic proximity, and the results of economic integration efforts. Additionally, even though the observed period was not long enough to confirm a long-term trend, the previous trend direction was affirmed to persist despite a temporary decrease in trading and reduced sensitivity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study highlights the complexity of global trade dynamics and the need to consider multi-step trade networks and their potential cascading effects when analyzing trade patterns and vulnerabilities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElie Azoulay, Frédéric Pochard, Laurent Argaud, Alain Cariou, Raphael Clere-Jehl, Olivier Guisset, Vincent Labbé, Fabienne Tamion, Fabrice Bruneel, Mercé Jourdain, Danielle Reuter, Kada Klouche, Achille Kouatchet, Virginie Souppart, Alexandre Lautrette, Julien Bohé, Antoine Vieillard Baron, Jean Dellamonica, Laurent Papazian, Jean Reignier, Francois Barbier, Guillaume Dumas, Nancy Kentish-Barnes
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 5, Page 573-583, March 1, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSoojeong ChangKwang-Soo ShinBongju ParkSeowoo ParkJieun ShinHyemin ParkIn Kyung JungJong Heon KimSeong Eun BaeJae-Ouk KimSeung Ho BaekGreen KimJung Joo HongHyungseok SeoErik VolzChang-Yuil KangaResearch & Development Center, Cellid Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreabScience Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreacNational Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk 28116, Republic of KoreadKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreaeLaboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreafDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 10, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAneliana da Silva Prado, Sabrina Baldofski, Elisabeth Kohls, Christine Rummel-Kluge
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
by Aneliana da Silva Prado, Sabrina Baldofski, Elisabeth Kohls, Christine Rummel-Kluge Background The COVID-19 pandemic affected university students’ mental health worldwide. International students were presenting high levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms before the pandemic. This study aimed to investigate (i) differences between various timepoints of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021, and 2022) in mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects in domestic and international students, separately, (ii) differences between international and domestic students between the three timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects, and (iii) possible moderation effects of timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects of domestic and international students. Material and methods Data from three cross-sectional anonymous online surveys conducted in German universities were analyzed and compared. Data were collected in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively, with a total N = 14,498. Depressive symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, social support, self-efficacy, resilience, perceived stress, and loneliness were assessed through standardized self-report instruments. Differences between domestic and international students in mental health outcomes, and social and emotional aspects across three timepoints were assessed with one-way and two-way ANCOVAs. Results Regardless of the timepoint, international students presented more depressive symptoms and perceived stress, lower perceived social support and resilience, but higher levels of self-efficacy and less alcohol consumption compared to domestic students. A significant interaction effect between timepoint and student status emerged only for loneliness. Conclusions International students generally presented poorer mental health outcomes than domestic students. Mental health care and prevention such as low-threshold, online counseling should address university students, especially international students.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarius Ahm Stauning, Dogukan Jesper Gür, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Jens Tingleff
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
We have read the letter by Rus and Kooij regarding our study of COVID-19 related mortality among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) -users with great interest and we thank Rus and Kooij for the interest in our study.1,2 The main claim by Rus and Kooij is that psychiatric comorbidity and lifestyle factor could contribute to residual confounding in our study.2 These limitations are already acknowledged and discussed in our article, but we appreciate the opportunity to explain our considerations in further details.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAdam Hampshire, Adriana Azor, Christina Atchison, William Trender, Peter J. Hellyer, Valentina Giunchiglia, Masud Husain, Graham S. Cooke, Emily Cooper, Adam Lound, Christl A. Donnelly, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Helen Ward, Paul Elliott
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 9, Page 806-818, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMerete Ellingjord-Dale, Sonja H. Brunvoll, Arne Søraas
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 9, Page 863-865, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLangat, E. C., Mazoya, B. Y., Oginga, P., Okwaro, F., Matheka, N., Kibara, I., Otieno, R., Mantel, M., Lorway, R., du Plessis, E., Temmerman, M., Avery, L.
BMJ Open, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
IntroductionKenya reported its first COVID-19 case on 13 March 2020. Pandemic-driven health system changes followed and unforeseen societal, economic and health effects reported. This protocol aims to describe the methods used to identify the gender equality and health equity gaps and possible disproportional health and socioeconomic impacts experienced by paid and unpaid (community health volunteer) female healthcare providers in Kilifi and Mombasa Counties, Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and analysisParticipatory mixed methods framed by gender analysis and human-centred design will be used. Research implementation will follow four of the five phases of the human-centred design approach. Community research advisory groups and local advisory boards will be established to ensure integration and the sustainability of participatory research design. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Institutional Scientific and Ethics Review Committee at the Aga Khan University and the University of Manitoba. This study will generate evidence on root cultural, structural, socioeconomic and political factors that perpetuate gender inequities and female disadvantage in the paid and unpaid health sectors. It will also identify evidence-based policy options for future safeguarding of the unpaid and paid female health workforce during emergency preparedness, response and recovery periods.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMasashi Shibata, Yuki Otsuka, Hideharu Hagiya, Toshihiro Koyama, Hideyuki Kashiwagi, Fumio Otsuka
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Masashi Shibata, Yuki Otsuka, Hideharu Hagiya, Toshihiro Koyama, Hideyuki Kashiwagi, Fumio Otsuka Background In the global aging, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have affected the place of death (PoD) in Japan, where hospital deaths have dominated for decades. We analyzed the PoD trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Methods This nationwide observational study used vital statistics based on death certificates from Japan between 1951 and 2021. The proportion of PoD; deaths at home, hospitals, and nursing homes; and annual percentage change (APC) were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Analyses were stratified by age groups and causes of death. Results After 2019, home deaths exhibited upward trends, while hospital death turned into downward trends. By age, no significant trend change was seen in the 0–19 age group, while hospital deaths decreased in the 20–64 age group in 2019. The trend change in home death in the ≥65 age group significantly increased since 2019 with an APC of 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.0 to 15.7), while their hospital death trends decreased by −4.0% (95% CI: −4.9 to −3.1) in 2019−2021. By cause of death, home death due to cancer and the old age increased since 2019 with an APC of 29.3% (95% CI: 25.4 to 33.2) and 8.8% (95% CI: 5.5 to 12.2), respectively. Conclusion PoD has shifted from hospital to home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The majority of whom were older population with cancer or old age.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuda Wang, Yan Liu, Guangtao Liu, Xiuxiu Sun, Zizhe Zhang, Jianyong Shen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Yuda Wang, Yan Liu, Guangtao Liu, Xiuxiu Sun, Zizhe Zhang, Jianyong Shen Purpose To assess the epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, during 2018–2022 and provide insights for influenza prevention. Methods Following the National Influenza Surveillance Program, we conducted pathogen surveillance by randomly sampling throat swabs from cases with influenza-like illness (ILI) at two sentinel hospitals. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 3,813,471 cases were treated at two hospitals in Huzhou, China. Among them, there were 112,385 cases of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI), accounting for 2.95% of the total number of cases. A total of 11,686 ILI throat swab samples were tested for influenza viruses, with 1,602 cases testing positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, resulting in a positivity rate of 13.71%. Among the positive strains, there were 677 strains of A(H3N2) virus, 301 strains of A(H1N1) virus, 570 strains of B/Victoria virus, and 54 strains of B/Yamagata virus. The ILI percentage (ILI%) and influenza nucleic acid positivity rate showed winter-spring peaks in the years 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022, with the peaks concentrated in January and February. Additionally, a small peak was observed in August 2022 during the summer season. No peak was observed during the winter-spring season of 2020. The highest proportion of ILI cases was observed in children aged 0–4 years, followed by school-age children aged 5–14 years. There was a positive correlation between ILI% and influenza virus nucleic acid positivity rate (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusions The influenza outbreak in Huzhou from 2020 to 2022 was to some extent influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures. After the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the influenza outbreak in Huzhou may become more severe. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly assess the influenza outbreak trends based on the ILI% and the positivity rate of influenza virus nucleic acid tests.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbigail Kusi Amponsah, Edward Appiah Boateng, Jerry Armah, Joana Kyei Dompim, Douglas Gyamfi, Alberta Lomotey, Faithful Adwoa Annobil, Amena Ekua Amankrah, Rifka Abdallah Youshah, Elizabeth Uzoka Beauty, Francis Diji, Victoria Bam
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Abigail Kusi Amponsah, Edward Appiah Boateng, Jerry Armah, Joana Kyei Dompim, Douglas Gyamfi, Alberta Lomotey, Faithful Adwoa Annobil, Amena Ekua Amankrah, Rifka Abdallah Youshah, Elizabeth Uzoka Beauty, Francis Diji, Victoria Bam Background Pregnant women are among the most vulnerable and suffer the most during pandemics, according to earlier studies. Pregnant women had to seek healthcare for both themselves and their unborn child(ren) in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was unprecedented. Pregnant women’s psychosocial experiences during pandemics are crucial since they both directly and indirectly affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The study therefore sought to explore the psychosocial experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this retrospective qualitative study, 15 nursing mothers who were attending a postnatal clinic at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) hospital in Ghana were recruited. Individual interviews were conducted with mothers who were pregnant between March and December 2020. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed into themes. Results Nursing mothers were aged 25–30 years and had infants ranging from 5 months to 15 months. Thirteen (13) were married and two were single. Two (2) major themes and five (5) subthemes emerged from the study. The unpleasant feelings connected to the potential for contracting COVID-19 and experiencing stress were described by the theme, “Fear and Stress”. Participants’ social experiences (support from significant others), alterations in daily routine and the economic impact because of the pandemic were presented as the “Socioeconomic impact”. Conclusion Pregnant women go through several challenges during pregnancy such as perceived stress and anxiety. These are likely to heighten during a pandemic, as presented in the study. They therefore need emotional and psychosocial support in such uncertain times to improve outcomes of pregnancy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOctavio A. Lecona, América G. Arroyo-Valerio, Nallely Bueno-Hernández, José Damian Carrillo-Ruíz, Luis Ruelas, René Márquez-Franco, Alejandro Aguado-García, Eira Valeria Barrón, Galileo Escobedo, Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado, Paola V. Olguín-Rodríguez, Antonio Barajas-Martínez, Ana Leonor Rivera, Ruben Fossion
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Octavio A. Lecona, América G. Arroyo-Valerio, Nallely Bueno-Hernández, José Damian Carrillo-Ruíz, Luis Ruelas, René Márquez-Franco, Alejandro Aguado-García, Eira Valeria Barrón, Galileo Escobedo, Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado, Paola V. Olguín-Rodríguez, Antonio Barajas-Martínez, Ana Leonor Rivera, Ruben Fossion Throughout the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico (August—December 2020), we closely followed a cohort of n = 100 healthcare workers. These workers were initially seronegative for Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and maintained close contact with patients afflicted by the disease. We explored the database of demographic, physiological and laboratory parameters of the cohort recorded at baseline to identify potential risk factors for infection with SARS-CoV-2 at a follow-up evaluation six months later. Given that susceptibility to infection may be a systemic rather than a local property, we hypothesized that a multivariate statistical analysis, such as MANOVA, may be an appropriate statistical approach. Our results indicate that susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 is modulated by sex. For men, different physiological states appear to exist that predispose to or protect against infection, whereas for women, we did not find evidence for divergent physiological states. Intriguingly, male participants who remained uninfected throughout the six-month observation period, had values for mean arterial pressure and waist-to-hip ratio that exceeded the normative reference range. We hypothesize that certain risk factors that worsen the outcome of COVID-19 disease, such as being overweight or having high blood pressure, may instead offer some protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChalkias, Athanasios; Huang, Yiyuan; Ismail, Anis; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Papagiannakis, Nikolaos; Bitterman, Brayden; Anderson, Elizabeth; Catalan, Tonimarie; Erne, Grace K.; Tilley, Caroline R.; Alaka, Abiola; Amadi, Kingsley M.; Presswalla, Feriel; Blakely, Pennelope; Bernal-Morell, Enrique; Cebreiros López, Iria; Eugen-Olsen, Jesper; García de Guadiana Romualdo, Luis; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J.; Loosen, Sven H.; Reiser, Jochen; Tacke, Frank; Skoulakis, Anargyros; Laou, Eleni; Banerjee, Mousumi; Pop-Busui, Rodica; Hayek, Salim S.; on behalf of the International Study of Inflammation in COVID-19 (ISIC) Investigator Group
Critical Care Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of intubation timing, guided by severity criteria, on mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients, amidst existing uncertainties regarding optimal intubation practices. Design: Prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted from February 1, 2020, to November 1, 2022. Setting: Ten academic institutions in the United States and Europe. Patients: Adults (≥ 18 yr old) confirmed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hospitalized specifically for COVID-19, requiring intubation postadmission. Exclusion criteria included patients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 reasons despite a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Interventions: Early invasive mechanical ventilation (EIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with less severe organ dysfunction (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] < 7 or Pao2/Fio2 ratio > 250), whereas late invasive mechanical ventilation (LIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with SOFA greater than or equal to 7 and Pao2/Fio2 ratio less than or equal to 250. Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was mortality within 30 days of hospital admission. Among 4464 patients, 854 (19.1%) required mechanical ventilation (mean age 60 yr, 61.7% male, 19.3% Black). Of those, 621 (72.7%) were categorized in the EIMV group and 233 (27.3%) in the LIMV group. Death within 30 days after admission occurred in 278 patients (42.2%) in the EIMV and 88 patients (46.6%) in the LIMV group (p = 0.28). An inverse probability-of-treatment weighting analysis revealed a statistically significant association with mortality, with patients in the EIMV group being 32% less likely to die either within 30 days of admission (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52–0.90; p = 0.008) or within 30 days after intubation irrespective of its timing from admission (adjusted HR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90; p = 0.006). Conclusions: In severe COVID-19 cases, an early intubation strategy, guided by specific severity criteria, is associated with a reduced risk of death. These findings underscore the importance of timely intervention based on objective severity assessments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSo-Hee Kim, Yuri Kim, Sangeun Jeon, Uni Park, Ju-Il Kang, Kyeongseok Jeon, Hye-Ran Kim, Songhyeok Oh, Ji-Young Rhee, Jae-Phil Choi, Wan Beom Park, Sang Won Park, Jeong-Sun Yang, Joo-Yeon Lee, Jihye Kang, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Yeonjae Kim, Seungtaek Kim, Yeon-Sook Kim, Dong-Gyun Lim, Nam-Hyuk Cho
Science Advances, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Pim Bouwmans, S. Reshwan K. Malahe, A. Lianne Messchendorp, Priya Vart, Céline Imhof, Jan-Stephan Sanders, Ron T. Gansevoort, Aiko P.J. de Vries, Alferso C. Abrahams, Frederike J. Bemelman, Johanna P.M. Vervoort, Luuk Hilbrands, Marc A.G.J. ten Dam, René M.A. van den Dorpel, Theo Rispens, Maurice Steenhuis, Marlies E.J. Reinders, Marc H. Hemmelder, RECOVAC Consortium
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Although the World Health Organization (WHO) ended the global emergency status for COVID-19 on May 5th 2023, reports on long-lasting symptoms after COVID-19 have been emerging. Over 200 long-lasting symptoms affecting various organ systems have been documented in more than 65 million individuals worldwide [1]. These symptoms are referred to as ‘’long-COVID’’, ‘’post COVID-19 condition’’ (PCC) and ‘’post-acute sequalae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)’’. In a recent observational matched cohort study conducted on the general population, the prevalence of PCC was estimated to be 21% among individuals with prior COVID-19 [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGhaith, A. K., El-Hajj, V. G., Atallah, E., Rios Zermeno, J., Ravindran, K., Gharios, M., Hoang, H., Bydon, M., Ohlsson, M., Elmi-Terander, A., Tawk, R. G., Jabbour, P.
BMJ Open, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as concomitant COVID-19 itself on stroke care, focusing on middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarctions. DesignRegistry-based study. SettingWe used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, which covers a wide range of hospitals within the USA. ParticipantsThe NIS was queried for patients with MCA strokes between 2016 and 2020. In total, 35 231 patients were included. Outcome measuresOutcome measures were postprocedural complications, length of stays (LOSs), in-hospital mortality and non-routine discharge. Propensity score matching using all available baseline variables was performed to reduce confounders when comparing patients with and without concomitant COVID-19. ResultsMechanical thrombectomy (MT) was performed in 48.4%, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in 38.2%, and both MT and IVT (MT+IVT) in 13.4% of patients. A gradual increase in the use of MT and an opposite decrease in the use of IVT (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrancesca Gioia, Laura N Walti, Ani Orchanian-Cheff, Shahid Husain
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
The identified risk factors for CAPA could eventually be addressed with targeted antifungal prophylaxis in patients with severe COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMartí Català, Núria Mercadé-Besora, Raivo Kolde, Nhung T H Trinh, Elena Roel, Edward Burn, Trishna Rathod-Mistry, Kristin Kostka, Wai Yi Man, Antonella Delmestri, Hedvig M E Nordeng, Anneli Uusküla, Talita Duarte-Salles, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Annika M Jödicke
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Vaccination against COVID-19 consistently reduced the risk of long COVID symptoms, which highlights the importance of vaccination to prevent persistent COVID-19 symptoms, particularly in adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAriadna Capasso, Mercedes Colomar, Dora Ramírez, Suzanne Serruya, Bremen de Mucio
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Ariadna Capasso, Mercedes Colomar, Dora Ramírez, Suzanne Serruya, Bremen de Mucio Introduction Timely access to maternity care is critical to saving lives. Digital health may serve to bridge the care chasm and advance health equity. Conducted in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, this cross-sectional mixed-methods study assessed the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in healthcare facilities in nine Latin American and Caribbean countries to understand the landscape of ICT use in maternity care and the barriers and facilitators to its adoption. Materials and methods Between April 2021 and September 2022, we disseminated an online survey in English and Spanish among, mainly public, healthcare institutions that provided maternity care in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Paraguay and Peru. We also interviewed 27 administrators and providers in ministries of health and healthcare institutions. Results Most of the 1877 institutions that answered the survey reported using ICTs in maternity care (N = 1536, 82%), ranging from 96% in Peru to 64% in the Dominican Republic. Of institutions that used ICTs, 59% reported using them more than before or for the first time since the pandemic began. ICTs were most commonly used to provide family planning (64%) and breastfeeding (58%) counseling, mainly by phone (82%). At the facility level, availability of equipment and internet coverage, coupled with skilled human resources, were the main factors associated with ICT use. At country level, government-led initiatives to develop digital health platforms, alongside national investments in the digital infrastructure, were the determining factors in the adoption of ICTs in healthcare provision. Conclusion Digital health for maternity care provision relied on commonly available technology and did not necessitate highly sophisticated systems, making it a sustainable and replicable strategy. However, disparities in access to digital health remain and many facilities in rural and remote areas lacked connectivity. Use of ICTs in maternity care depended on countries’ long-term commitments to achieving universal health and digital coverage.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNtho, T. A., Themane, M. J., Sepadi, M. D., Phochana, T. S., Sodi, T., Quarshie, E. N.-B.
BMJ Open, 27.02.2024
Tilføjet 27.02.2024
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly shaped the global landscape and impacted various aspects of individuals’ lives, especially the behaviour of school-going adolescents regarding substance use. Among these substances, alcohol is the most predominant substance, particularly among school-going adolescents, who also are highly susceptible to harmful alcohol use, such as poor academic performance, psychiatric disorders and disrupted social lives. This review will synthesise the known prevalence estimates and associated factors of alcohol use among school-going adolescents in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) since the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review in line with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. We will systematically search for selected global databases (ScienceDirect, EbscoHost, PsycINFO and PubMed) and regional electronic databases (African Index Medicus, Sabinet and African Journals OnLine). Peer-reviewed literature published between 11 March 2020 and 10 March 2024 will be considered for eligibility without language restriction. All 16 countries of the SADC region will be included in the review. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool checklist for quality appraisal will be used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. Depending on the level of heterogeneity, prevalence estimates will be pooled in a meta-analysis; narrative synthesis will be applied to describe the reported associated factors of alcohol use. Ethics and disseminationWe will not seek ethical approval from an institutional review board since the study will not involve gathering data directly from individual school-going adolescents, nor will it violate their privacy. When completed, the full report of this review will be submitted to a journal for peer-reviewed publication; the key findings will be presented at local and international conferences with a partial or full focus on (adolescent) alcohol (mis)use. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023452765.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 27.02.2024
Tilføjet 27.02.2024
Abstract Among U.S. adults at risk for severe COVID-19 in Epic Cosmos, the lowest rate of hospitalization was among those receiving three or more mRNA vaccine doses and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (aHR 0.22, 95%CI: 0.19–0.24). Adults who are at high-risk of severe COVID-19 disease, including vaccinated persons, should be considered for antiviral treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexandra D. Peterson, Mindy M. Kibbey, Samantha G. Farris
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
by Alexandra D. Peterson, Mindy M. Kibbey, Samantha G. Farris Health anxiety, which is defined as fear of having or contracting serious physical illness, is particularly salient in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a mixed methods study in which 578 narrative samples were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to determine linguistic markers from six LIWC categories relevant to cognitive-behavioral features of health anxiety. Broad linguistic predictors were analyzed through three backward elimination regression models in order to inform subcategory predictors of each area of health anxiety. Thus, both broad and specific linguistic predictors of general health anxiety, virus-relevant body vigilance, and fears of viral contamination were examined. Greater use of affective category words in written narratives predicted general health anxiety, as well as body vigilance and viral contamination fears. These findings represent the first direct demonstration of linguistic analysis of health anxiety and provide nuanced information about the nature and etiology of health anxiety.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBethlehem Abera Tekleyohannes, Yared Mamushet Yifru, Beshir Bedru Nasir
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
by Bethlehem Abera Tekleyohannes, Yared Mamushet Yifru, Beshir Bedru Nasir Background The world continues to be challenged by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and preventive measures like maintaining social distancing and lockdowns challenge patients to attend regular follow-ups and get a refill for medication that causes adherence problems. Hence, this study attempts to assess the impact of COVID-19 on treatment follow-up and medication adherence among patients with epilepsy. Method A total of 276 patients with epilepsy were enrolled in the study. Data collection was carried out through medical record reviews and patient interviews. Patients who visited Zewditu Memorial Hospital from August to September 2021 and those who had follow-up at least for two years before the outbreak of the pandemic were included. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.24. Result About 69.6% of patients were adherent to their treatment and 83.3% of the patients had a seizure-free period of less than 1 year. Ninety (32.6%) of the participants missed their treatment follow-up during the pandemic, mainly due to fear of being infected with COVID-19. Sixty-eight (24.6%) patients have experienced increased seizure episodes during the pandemic as compared to the previous times. Moreover, 56 (20.3%) participants were not taking their antiseizure medications (ASMs) during the pandemic because of the unavailability of medications and they discontinued hospital visits for their medication refills. Among those who missed their treatment follow-up, 20% had seizure-related physical injuries. Only educational level has a significant association with visiting health facilities during the pandemic. Thus, participants who completed college and above (OR = 2.58, 95% CI (1.32–6.38)) were more likely to attend their follow-up during the pandemics as compared to participants who can’t read and write. Conclusion The present study revealed that COVID-19 might have impacts on treatment follow-up and medication adherence due to fear of infection, travel restrictions and the indirect impact on the availability and affordability of medications. These might lead to poor treatment outcomes like increased seizure frequency and seizure-related physical injuries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJerin Lee, Jenna Wilson, Benjamin Oosterhoff, Natalie J. Shook
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
by Jerin Lee, Jenna Wilson, Benjamin Oosterhoff, Natalie J. Shook Social isolation and disconnectedness increase the risk of worse mental health, which might suggest that preventive health measures (i.e., self-quarantining, social distancing) negatively affect mental health. This longitudinal study examined relations of self-quarantining and social distancing with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A U.S. national sample (N = 1,011) completed eight weekly online surveys from March 20, 2020 to May 17, 2020. Surveys assessed self-quarantining, social distancing, anxiety, and depression. Fixed-effect autoregressive cross-lagged models provided a good fit to the data, allowing for disaggregation of between-person and within-person effects. Significant between-person effects suggested those who engaged in more self-quarantining and social distancing had higher anxiety and depression compared to those who engaged in less social distancing and quarantining. Significant within-person effects indicated those who engaged in greater social distancing for a given week experienced higher anxiety and depression that week. However, there was no support for self-quarantining or social distancing as prospective predictors of mental health, or vice versa. Findings suggest a relationship between mental health and both self-quarantining and social distancing, but further longitudinal research is required to understand the prospective nature of this relationship and identify third variables that may explain these associations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarek Petráš, Daniela Janovská, Danuše Lomozová, Martina Franklová, Pavel Dlouhý, Jozef Rosina, Ivana Králová Lesná
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitated the implementation of specific measures to minimize its impact on global public health. Non-pharmaceutical precautions played a crucial role in preventing the massive spread of SARS-CoV-2.[1] However, it was widely recognized that only widespread and global vaccination could effectively bring the virus under control.[2] The rapid development of various types of vaccines, supported by numerous countries and international organizations, was successfully completed within less than a year, enabling the commencement of widespread vaccination of the world\'s population in December 2020.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaverdure Sylvain, Kazadi Donatien, Kone Kadidia, Callier Viviane, Dabitao Djeneba, Dennis Dehkontee, Haidara Mory Cherif, Hunsberger Sally, Mbaya Olivier Tshiani, Ridzon Renee, Sereti Irini, Shaw-Saliba Katy, the InVITE Study Team
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
In the four years since COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, more than 760 million cases have been reported worldwide leading to a death toll of almost 7 million people [1]. During the first year of the pandemic, while high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported globally, initial reports suggested that infection rates were significantly lower in sub-Saharan Africa than in other parts of the world [2,3]. Subsequent studies revealed that although seroprevalence was rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan African countries during the start of the pandemic, it was estimated that less than 1% of infections were detected [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
Infection, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
Abstract Purpose This aimed to identify the factors associated with severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods Two-hundred RA patients diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria with proven COVID-19 infection were recruited and categorized according to the world health organization (WHO) COVID-19 severity grading into 2 groups: patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 (n = 164) and patients with severe/critical COVID-19 (n = 36). Comparison between both groups was done to identify the risk factors associated with severe/critical infection. Incidence of RA disease activity flare defined as increase in clinical disease activity index (CDAI) more than 10 points following infection was calculated. Results Multivariate analysis identified history of previous serious infection, age > 60 years, and diabetes as factors positively associated, whereas COVID-19 vaccination was negatively associated with severe/critical infection. Following COVID-19 infection, the number of patients with severe/critical COVID-19 who had high RA disease activity and the incidence of flares was significantly higher in comparison to patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 (P 60 years, diabetes, and history of previous serious infections are risk factors for severe/critical COVID-19, while vaccination has a protective role in RA patients. Infection particularly when severe is associated with risk of disease flare.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCheng, L., Kong, J., Xie, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, F.
BMJ Open, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
ObjectivesEnsuring that children receive timely vaccinations is paramount for preventing infectious diseases, and parental attitude plays a pivotal role in this process. This study addresses this gap in the existing literature by examining parental attitudes towards vaccinating their children. DesignA cross-sectional study. MethodsAn online survey including parents’ sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception and attitudes towards child vaccination towards COVID-19 was conducted. The modified large-scale group decision-making approach for practicality and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors influencing parents’ decision-making. ResultsOf the 1292 parents participated, 957 (74.1%) were willing to vaccinate their children, while 335 (25.9%) refused the vaccination. The study indicated that age, parental anxiety regarding child vaccination, concerns about the child’s susceptibility to the disease, opinions towards vaccination benefits versus disadvantages, place of residence, average family income and children’s health were significant predictors (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMorin, K. A., Tatangelo, M., Marsh, D.
BMJ Open, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
PurposeThe Canadian Addiction Treatment Centre (CATC) cohort was established during a period of increased provision of opioid agonist treatment (OAT), to study patient outcomes and trends related to the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in Canada. The CATC cohort’s strengths lie in its unique physician network, shared care model and event-level data, making it valuable for validation and integration studies. The CATC cohort is a valuable resource for examining OAT outcomes, providing insights into substance use trends and the impact of service-level factors. ParticipantsThe CATC cohort comprises 32 246 people who received OAT prescriptions between April 2014 and February 2021, with ongoing tri-annual updates planned until 2027. The cohort includes data from all CATC clinics’ electronic medical records and includes demographic information and OAT clinical indicators. Findings to dateThis cohort profile describes the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients being treated in a large OAT physician network. As well, we report the longitudinal OAT retention by treatment type during a time of increasing exposure to a contaminated dangerous drug supply. Notable findings also include retention differences between methadone (32% of patients at 1 year) and buprenorphine (20% at 1 year). Previously published research from this cohort indicated that patient-level factors associated with retention include geographic location, concurrent substance use and prior treatment attempts. Service-level factors such as telemedicine delivery and frequency of urine drug screenings also influence retention. Additionally, the cohort identified rising OAT participation and a substantial increase in fentanyl use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future plansFuture research objectives are the longitudinal evaluation of retention and flexible modelling techniques that account for the changes as patients are treated with OAT. Furthermore, future research aims are the use of conditional models, and linkage with provincial-level administrative datasets.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to the general population due to their frontline role and direct contact with the infected patients. Accordingly, they were among the first groups to receive vaccination against COVID-19. A higher risk of COVID-19 infection may also exist among hospital staff members other than HCWs. In this study, we assessed the seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination in hospital staff members. Methods This cross-sectional study included 228 staff members of Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, who were recruited from 2020 to 2021. Staff members were vaccinated with vector and inactivated vaccines. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG was measured in their blood samples pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination. Results Of the 228 hospital staff members evaluated in this study (mean age: 37.59 ± 8.70 years), 204 (89.5%) were female and 210 (92.1%) were HCWs. Only one staff member was not vaccinated, the rest received one dose (99.6%), and 224 (98.7%) two doses. Vector vaccines were administered to 71.4% of staff members and 72.9% of HCWs. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was positive in 8.8% of staff members before vaccination, 9.3% after the first dose, and 50% after the second dose. The corresponding percentages were 9.5%, 9.5%, and 48.8% in HCWs. Being a HCW was not associated with the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after the second dose; however, multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the interval between two vaccine doses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.434; 0.816, P = 0.001) and age (aOR = 1.062, 95% CI 1.021; 1.105, P = 0.003) were associated with seroprevalence. Conclusions After receiving a second dose of vector or inactive virus vaccines, our hospital’s staff members and HCWs had a seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of around 50%. Seroprevalence increased with increasing age and shorter intervals between doses.
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