47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (hepatitis) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
179 emner vises.
51
Breakthrough infection by hepatitis B virus in a vaccinated blood donor: An emerging threat for transfusion safety in low‐endemic countries?
Sebastián Blanco, Gonzalo M. Castro, Paola E. Sicilia, Luis H. Carrizo, Sandra V. Gallego
Journal of Medical Virology, 13.02.2024
Tilføjet 13.02.2024
52
Hepatitis E virus infections among patients with acute febrile jaundice in two regions of Cameroon: First molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 4
Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji, Lange Tchamba Amorgathe Tankeu, Chavely Gwladys Monamele, Moise Henri Yifomnjou Moumbeket, Paul Alain Tagnouokam Ngoupo, Huguette Tchetgna Simo, Abanda Njei Ngu, Kazanji Mirdad, Richard Njouom
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.02.2024
Tilføjet 12.02.2024
by Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji, Lange Tchamba Amorgathe Tankeu, Chavely Gwladys Monamele, Moise Henri Yifomnjou Moumbeket, Paul Alain Tagnouokam Ngoupo, Huguette Tchetgna Simo, Abanda Njei Ngu, Kazanji Mirdad, Richard Njouom Background Febrile jaundice is a common indicator of certain infectious diseases, including hepatitis E. In Cameroon, the yellow fever virus is the only pathogen that is monitored in patients who present with this symptom. However, more than 90% of the samples received as part of this surveillance are negative for yellow fever. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype among yellow fever-negative patients in the Far North and West regions of Cameroon. Methods In a cross-sectional study, yellow fever surveillance-negative samples collected between January 2021 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies were tested using commercially available ELISA kits. Anti-HEV IgM and/or IgG positive samples were tested for HEV RNA by real-time RT-PCR, followed by nested RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results Overall, 121 of the 543 samples (22.3%, 95% CI: 19.0% - 26.0%) were positive for at least one anti-HEV marker. Amongst these, 8.1% (44/543) were positive for anti-HEV IgM, 5.9% (32/543) for anti-HEV IgG, and 8.3% (45/544) for both markers. A total of 15.2% (12/79) samples were positive for HEV RNA real-time RT-PCR and 8 samples were positive for HEV RNA by nested RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the retrieved sequences clustered within HEV genotypes/subtypes 1/1e, 3/3f and 4/4b. Conclusion Our results showed that HEV is one of the causes of acute febrile jaundice in patients enrolled in the yellow fever surveillance program in two regions of Cameroon. We described the circulation of three HEV genotypes, including two zoonotic genotypes. Further studies will be important to elucidate the transmission routes of these zoonotic HEV genotypes to humans in Cameroon.
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53
New window into hepatitis B in Africa: Liver sampling combined with single cell omics enables deep and longitudinal assessment of intrahepatic immunity in Zambia
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Abstract In Lusaka, Zambia, we introduced liver fine needle aspiration (FNA) into a research cohort of adults with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with and without HIV coinfection, as well as with acute HBV infection. Over 117 enrollment and 47 longitudinal FNAs (at 1 year follow-up), we established participant acceptability and safety. We also demonstrated the quality of the material through single cell RNA sequencing of selected enrollment FNAs, which revealed a range of immune cells. This approach can drive new insights into HBV immunology, informing cure strategies, and can improve our understanding of HBV natural history in Africa.
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54
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among general population of Armenia in 2021 and factors associated with it: a cross-sectional study
Demirchyan, A., Dudareva, S., Sahakyan, S., Aslanyan, L., Muradyan, D., Musheghyan, L., Mozalevskis, A., Sargsyants, N., Ghukasyan, G., Petrosyan, V.
BMJ Open, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection ever in life and chronic HBV infection in Armenia. DesignA population-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study combined with a phone survey of tested individuals. SettingAll administrative units of Armenia including 10 provinces and capital city Yerevan. ParticipantsThe study frame was the general adult population of Armenia aged ≥18 years. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe participants were tested for anti-HBV core antibodies (anti-HBc) and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) using third-generation enzyme immunoassays. In case of HBsAg positivity, HBV DNA and hepatitis D virus (HDV) RNA PCR tests were performed. Risk factors of HBV infection ever in life (anti-HBc positivity) and chronic HBV infection (HBsAg positivity) were identified through fitting logistic regression models. ResultsThe seroprevalence study included 3838 individuals 18 years and older. Of them, 90.7% (3476 individuals) responded to the phone survey. The prevalence of anti-HBc positivity was 14.1% (95% CI 13.1% to 15.2%) and HBsAg positivity 0.8% (95% CI 0.5% to 1.1%). The viral load was over 10 000 IU/mL for 7.9% of HBsAg-positive individuals. None of the participants was positive for HDV. Risk factors for HBsAg positivity included less than secondary education (aOR=6.44; 95% CI 2.2 to 19.1), current smoking (aOR=2.56; 95% CI 1.2 to 5.6), and chronic liver disease (aOR=8.44; 95% CI 3.0 to 23.7). In addition to these, risk factors for anti-HBc positivity included age (aOR=1.04; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.05), imprisonment ever in life (aOR=2.53; 95% CI 1.41 to 4.56), and poor knowledge on infectious diseases (aOR=1.32; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.67), while living in Yerevan (vs provinces) was protective (aOR=0.74; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93). ConclusionThis study provided robust estimates of HBV markers among general population of Armenia. Its findings delineated the need to revise HBV testing and treatment strategies considering higher risk population groups, and improve population knowledge on HBV prevention.
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55
CHARACTERIZATION AND DETERMINANTS OF LONG-TERM IMMUNE RECOVERY UNDER SUPPRESSIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Turk, Teja; Labarile, Marco; Braun, Dominique L.; Rauch, Andri; Stöckle, Marcel; Cavassini, Matthias; Hoffmann, Matthias; Calmy, Alexandra; Bernasconi, Enos; Notter, Julia; Pasin, Chloé; Günthard, Huldrych F.; Kouyos, Roger D.; the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Objective. We developed a robust characterization of immune recovery trajectories in people living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and relate our findings to epidemiological risk factors and bacterial pneumonia. Methods. Using data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and the Zurich Primary HIV Infection Cohort Study (n = 5907), we analyzed the long-term trajectories of CD4 cell and CD8 cell counts and their ratio in PWH on ART for at least eight years by fitting nonlinear mixed effects models. The determinants of long-term immune recovery were investigated using generalized additive models. In addition, prediction accuracy of the modeled trajectories and their impact on the fit of a model for bacterial pneumonia was assessed. Results. Overall, our population showed good immune recovery (median plateau [IQR]-CD4: 718 [555, 900] cells/µl, CD8: 709 [547, 893] cells/µl, CD4/CD8: 1.01 [0.76, 1.37]). The following factors were predictive of recovery: Age, sex, nadir/zenith value, pre-ART HIV-1 viral load, Hepatitis C, ethnicity, acquisition risk and timing of ART-initiation. The fitted models proved to be an accurate and efficient way of predicting future CD4+ and CD8+ cell recovery dynamics: Compared to carrying forward the last observation, mean squared errors of the fitted values were lower by 1.3% to 18.3% across outcomes. When modeling future episodes of bacterial pneumonia, using model-derived predictors improved most model fits. Conclusion. We described and validated a method to characterize individual immune recovery trajectories of PWH on suppressive ART. These trajectories accurately predict long-term immune recovery and the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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56
Pregnancy as an Opportunity for Hepatitis C Virus Elimination and Eradication
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 199-201
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57
Combined Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening Using Point-of-Care Testing and Ultrasound in a Tanzanian Emergency Department
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 399-403
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58
Application of an ARFIMA Model to Estimate Hepatitis C Epidemics in Henan, China
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 404-411
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59
High‐speed centrifugation rather than Lipoclear reagent can be used for removing the interference of lipemia on serological tests of infectious diseases: AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay
Weiping Liu, Lin Li, Minggang Yin, Chengjian Cao, Yaohui Song, Xia Long
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
60
Amphiregulin from regulatory T cells promotes liver fibrosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Immunity, 4.02.2024
Tilføjet 4.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 2 February 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Thomas M. Savage, Katherine T. Fortson, Kenia de los Santos-Alexis, Angelica Oliveras-Alsina, Mathieu Rouanne, Sarah S. Rae, Jennifer R. Gamarra, Hani Shayya, Adam Kornberg, Renzo Cavero, Fangda Li, Arnold Han, Rebecca A. Haeusler, Julien Adam, Robert F. Schwabe, Nicholas Arpaia
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61
Serum hepatitis B virus spliced RNA proportion increases with liver disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Xingyu Lu, Wanying Li, Rui Deng, Bin Zhou, Rui Yu, Jinlin Hou, Sheng Shen, Jian Sun, Shi Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 1.02.2024
Tilføjet 1.02.2024
62
Testing, diagnosis, and treatment following the implementation of a program to provide dried blood spot testing for HIV and hepatitis C infections: the NSW DBS Pilot
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
Abstract Background Dried blood spot (DBS) testing provides an alternative to phlebotomy and addresses barriers to accessing healthcare experienced by some key populations. Large-scale evaluations of DBS testing programs are needed to understand their feasibility. This study evaluated the implementation of a state-wide DBS HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing pilot. Methods The New South Wales (NSW) DBS Pilot is an interventional cohort study of people testing for HIV antibody and/or HCV RNA from DBS samples in NSW, Australia. Participants at risk of HIV/HCV participated in testing via: 1) self-registration online with a DBS collection kit delivered and returned by conventional postal service; or 2) assisted DBS sample collection at 36 community health sites (including drug treatment and harm-minimisation services) and prisons. Participants received results by text (HIV antibody/ HCV RNA not detected) or a healthcare provider (HIV antibody/ HCV RNA detected). The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation. Results Reach: Between November 2016 and December 2020, 7,392 individuals were tested for HIV and/or HCV (21% self-registration, 34% assisted in community, and 45% assisted in prison). Effectiveness: Of 6,922 people tested for HIV (19% men who have sex with men, 13% living outside major cities, 21% born outside Australia), 51% (3,521/6,922) had no HIV test in the past two years, 0.1% (10/6,922) were newly diagnosed with HIV, and 80% (8/10) initiated HIV treatment within six months. Of 5,960 people tested for HCV (24% women, 35% Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, 55% recently injected drugs), 15% had detectable HCV RNA (878/5,960), and 45% (393/878) initiated treatment within six months. Adoption: By the end of 2020, DBS via assisted registration was available at 36 community sites and 21 prisons. Implementation: 90% of DBS cards arriving at the laboratory had the three full spots required for testing; the proportion was higher in assisted (94%) compared to online (76%) registration. Conclusions This study demonstrated the feasibility of DBS testing for HIV and HCV in key populations including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and demonstrated the utility of DBS in the prison setting.
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63
Time-restricted feeding has a limited effect on hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis in a choline-deficient high-fat diet-induced murine NASH model
Tomoyuki Sato, Katsutaka Oishi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
by Tomoyuki Sato, Katsutaka Oishi Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) occurs worldwide and is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and an increased risk of cirrhosis. Although a major proportion of NASH patients exhibit obesity and insulin resistance, 20% lack a high body mass and are categorized as “non-obese NASH”. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), limiting daily food intake within certain hours, improves obesity, lipid metabolism, and liver inflammation. Here, we determined whether TRF affects NASH pathology induced by a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CDAHFD), which does not involve obesity. TRF ameliorated the increase in epididymal white adipose tissue and plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels after 8 weeks of a CDAHFD. Although gene expression of TNF alpha in the liver was suppressed by TRF, it did not exhibit a suppressive effect on hepatic lipid accumulation, gene expression of cytokines and macrophage markers (Mcp1, IL1b, F4/80), or fibrosis, as evaluated by Sirius red staining and western blot analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin. A CDAHFD-induced increase in gene expression related to fibrogenesis (Collagen 1a1 and TGFβ) was neither suppressed by TRF nor that of alpha-smooth muscle actin but was increased by TRF. Our results indicated that TRF has a limited suppressive effect on CDAHFD-induced NASH pathology.
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64
Enrichment reveals extensive integration of hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatitis delta-infected patients
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.01.2024
Tilføjet 29.01.2024
Abstract Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA may become integrated into the human genome of infected human hepatocytes. Expression of integrations can produce the surface antigen (HBsAg) that is required for synthesis of hepatitis D virus (HDV) particles and the abundant subviral particles in the blood of HBV- and HDV-infected subjects. Knowledge about the extent and variation of HBV integrations and impact on chronic HDV is still limited.Methods We investigated 50 pieces of liver explant tissue from five patients with hepatitis D-induced cirrhosis, using a deep sequencing strategy targeting HBV RNA.Results We found that integrations were abundant and highly expressed, however with large variation in number of integration derived (HBV/human chimeric) reads, both between and within patients. The median number of unique integrations for each patient correlated with serum levels of both HBsAg. Still, most of the HBV reads represented a few predominant integrations.Conclusions The results suggest that HBV DNA integrates in a large proportion of hepatocytes, and that the HBsAg output from these integrations vary >100-fold depending on clone size and expression rate. A small part of the integrations seems to determine the serum levels of HBsAg and HDV RNA in HBV/HDV co-infected patients with liver cirrhosis.
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65
Success of the US Veterans Health Administration's Hepatitis C Virus Care Continuum in the Direct-acting Antiviral Era
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
Abstract Background Estimated hepatitis C prevalence within the Veterans Health Administration is higher than the general population and is a risk factor for advanced liver disease and subsequent complications. We describe the hepatitis C care continuum within the Veterans Health Administration January 1, 2014-December 31, 2022.Methods We included individuals in Veterans Health Administration care 2021-2022 who were eligible for direct-acting antiviral treatment January 1, 2014-December 31, 2022. We evaluated the proportion of Veterans who progressed through each step of the hepatitis C care continuum, and identified factors associated with initiating direct-acting antivirals, achieving sustained virologic response, and repeat hepatitis C viremia.Results We identified 133,732 Veterans with hepatitis C viremia. Hepatitis C treatment was initiated in 107,134 (80.1%), with sustained virologic response achieved in 98,136 (91.6%). In those who achieved sustained virologic response, 1,097 (1.1%) had repeat viremia and 579 (52.8%) were retreated for hepatitis C. Veterans of younger ages were less likely to initiate treatment and achieve sustained virologic response, and more likely to have repeat viremia. Stimulant use and unstable housing were negatively associated with each step of the hepatitis C care continuum.Conclusions The Veterans Health Administration has treated 80% of Veterans with hepatitis C in care 2021-2022 and achieved sustained virologic response in more than 90% of those treated. Repeat viremia is rare and is associated with younger age, unstable housing, opioid use, and stimulant use. Ongoing efforts are needed to reach younger Veterans, and Veterans with unstable housing or substance use disorders.
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66
US Veterans Health Administration Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Program - A Model for National HCV Elimination though Patient-Centered Medical Homes
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
67
Unraveling IL-17 and IL-22 role in occult hepatitis C versus chronic hepatitis C virus infection
BMC Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
Abstract Background Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the function of the immune system by controlling the production, differentiation, and activity of immune cells. Occult hepatitis C virus (OHCV) infection can lead to liver damage, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study investigates the immunopathogenic impact of the cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 in OHCV infection compared to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. Methods We studied three groups of patients: 35 with OHCV, 100 untreated patients with CHC, and 30 healthy control subjects. All subjects underwent physical examination and biochemical testing. We used the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to measure serum IL-17 and IL-22 levels in all groups. Results Compared to the occult and control groups, the CHC group had significantly higher serum IL-17 levels (p
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68
Blood donations and donors’ profile in Lithuania: Trends for coming back after the COVID-19 outbreak
Vytenis Kalibatas, Lina Kalibatienė, Dulat Imashpayev
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
by Vytenis Kalibatas, Lina Kalibatienė, Dulat Imashpayev The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected blood donors worldwide. It is important for the blood service to return to its pre-pandemic level as soon as possible and to perform its functions fully. This study compared the donation and demographic profiles of blood and its component donors one year before and during three pandemic years in Lithuania. All blood and blood component donations (n = 413,358) and demographic characteristics of all donors from April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2023, were analyzed. All data were obtained from annual publications, and statistics were obtained from the Blood Donor Register. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Following a 9.41 percent decrease in the first year of the pandemic, the quantity of blood and blood component donations increased by 3.49 percent in the third year compared to the pre-pandemic year. Throughout the three years of the pandemic, a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of first-time blood and blood component donations was observed. Both the number and proportion of donations by donors under 25 years old decreased during the pandemic. The proportion of pre-donation deferrals for all attempts to donate significantly decreased during the pandemic. There was a statistically significant lower prevalence of all positive transfusion-transmitted infectious (TTI) markers among all donations compared to the pre-pandemic year for all three pandemic years. The odds for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and all TTI markers during the second and third pandemic years were significantly lower than those in the pre-pandemic year. In conclusion, most dimensions of blood and its component donations and donor characteristics have returned to pre-pandemic levels or show positive trends. However, the major concern is the remaining decrease in donations from first-time and donors under 25 years old.
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69
Cytokine storm and severe hepatitis in pregnancy due to herpes simplex virus 2
Infection, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
Abstract Case presentation A pregnant woman developed hepatitis due to a herpes simplex virus 2 primary infection with a severe systemic inflammatory response. Treatment with acyclovir and human immunoglobulin was given and both mother and baby survived. Purpose We provide the first description of the inflammatory response associated with herpetic hepatitis in pregnancy.
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70
Information seeking behavior on hepatitis B virus, and its associated factors among pregnant women at teaching and specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Adamu Ambachew Shibabaw, Masresha Derese Tegegne, Agmasie Damtew Walle, Sisay Maru Wubante, Nebebe Demis Baykemagn, Melaku Molla Sisay, Adane Nigusie Weldeab
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
by Adamu Ambachew Shibabaw, Masresha Derese Tegegne, Agmasie Damtew Walle, Sisay Maru Wubante, Nebebe Demis Baykemagn, Melaku Molla Sisay, Adane Nigusie Weldeab Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a major public health issue worldwide. Health information-seeking behavior is critical to obtain information about health, diseases such as the Hepatitis B virus, health risks, and health promotion and it has become a major concern of health policymakers. However, there is little evidence of information-seeking behavior on the Hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia. So, this study aimed to assess Hepatitis B virus information-seeking behavior and its associated factors among pregnant women at teaching and Specialized Hospitals, in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women at teaching and specialized hospitals, in Northwest Ethiopia from May 01 to June 01, 2022. A total of 423 participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. The data was collected through an interview-administered questionnaire by kobo-collect software. Then export into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bi-variable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with Hepatitis B virus information-seeking behavior. Results The proportion of information-seeking behavior on the Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women was 40.5% (CI = 35.7, 45.6). Education(diploma and above) [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI (1.31, 8.16)], more than one ANC visit [AOR = 5.99, 95% CI (3.20, 12.31)], smart-phone ownership [AOR = 4.1, 95%CI (1.35, 12.31)], internet access [AOR = 5.1, 95%CI (1.35, 15.60)], perceived susceptibility [AOR = 2.7, 95%CI (1.38, 5.31)], perceived severity [AOR = 3.7, 95%CI (2.06, 6.55)], and self-efficacy [AOR = 1.9, 95%CI (1.03, 3.73)] were factors influencing information seeking on Hepatitis B virus. Conclusion The overall proportion of information-seeking behavior on HBV among pregnant women was low. To improve information-seeking behavior on HBV among pregnant women we should connect the women to the internet and technology. Creating women’s awareness about the Hepatitis B virus severity and their venerability and increasing their antenatal care (ANC) visits, self-efficacy, internet access, and women’s education can improve information seeking about the Hepatitis B virus.
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71
Does a simplified algorithm and integrated HCV care model improve linkage to care, retention, and cure among people who inject drugs? A pragmatic quality improvement randomized controlled trial protocol
BMC Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2024
Tilføjet 20.01.2024
Abstract Background As many as 2.4 million Americans are affected by chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in the United States.In 2018, the estimated number of adults with a history of HCV infection in San Diego County was 55,354 (95% CI: 25,411–93,329). This corresponded to a seroprevalence of 2.1% (95% CI: 2.1–3.4%). One-third of infections were among PWID. Published research has demonstrated that direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have high efficacy and can now be used by primary care providers to treat HCV. In addition, limited evidence exists to support the effectiveness of simplified algorithms in clinical trial and real-world settings. Even with expanded access to HCV treatment in primary care settings, there are still groups, especially people who inject drugs (PWID) and people experiencing homelessness, who experience treatment disparities due to access and treatment barriers. The current study extends the simplified algorithm with a streetside ‘one-stop-shop’ approach with integrated care (including the offer of buprenorphine prescriptions and abscess care) using a mobile clinic situated adjacent to a syringe service program serving many homeless populations. Rates of HCV treatment initiation and retention will be compared between patients offered HCV care in a mobile clinic adjacent to a syringe services program (SSP) and homeless encampment versus those who are linked to a community clinic’s current practice of usual care, which includes comprehensive patient navigation. Methods A quasi-experimental, prospective, interventional, comparative effectiveness trial with allocation of approximately 200 patients who inject drugs and have chronic HCV to the "simplified care" pathway (intervention group) or the "usual care" pathway (control group). Block randomization will be performed with a 1:1 randomization. Discussion Previous research has demonstrated acceptable outcomes for patients treated using simplified algorithms for DAAs and point-of-care testing in mobile medical clinics; however, there are opportunities to explore how these new, innovative systems of care impact treatment initiation rates or other HCV care cascade outcomes among PWID. Trial registration We have registered our study with ClinicalTrials.gov, a resource of the United States National Library of Medicine. This database contains research studies from United States and other countries around the world. Our study has not been previously published. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration identifier is NCT04741750.
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72
First detection and characterization of hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) from urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Republic of Korea
Kyungmin Park, Jongwoo Kim, Juyoung Noh, Kijin Kim, Eunyoung Yang, Seong‐Gyu Kim, Hee‐Kyung Cho, Kwan Soo Byun, Ji Hoon Kim, Young‐Sun Lee, Jung Ok Shim, Minsoo Shin, Won‐Keun Kim, Jin‐Won Song
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
73
Characterization of antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis in patients infected with hepatitis C virus with different clinical outcomes
Anurag Adhikari, Arunasingam Abayasingam, Nicholas A. Brasher, Ha Na Kim, Megan Lord, David Agapiou, Lisa Maher, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Andrew R. Lloyd, Rowena A. Bull, Nicodemus Tedla
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
74
JAK Inhibition in STAT1 Gain-of-Function–Mediated Treatment-Resistant Autoimmune Hepatitis
Nedim Hadžić, Maesha Deheragoda, Austen Worth, Sanjay Bansal, Marianne Samyn, Maaike Kusters
New England Journal of Medicine, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
75
Time Trends in Causes of Death in People with HIV: Insights from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
Abstract Background Advancements in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care have led to a decline in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths among people with HIV (PWH) in Switzerland. However, data on the ongoing changes in causes of death among PWH over the past 15 years is scarce.Methods We investigated all reported deaths in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study between 2005-2022. Causes of death were categorized using the Coding Causes of Death in HIV protocol. The statistical analysis included demographic stratification to identify time trends and logistic regression models to determine associated factors for the underlying cause of death.Results In total, 1630 deaths were reported, with 23.7% of individuals assigned female at birth. Out of these deaths, 147 (9.0%) were HIV/AIDS-related, 373 (22.9%) due to non-AIDS, non-hepatic (NANH) cancers, 166 (10.2%) liver-related, and 158 (9.7%) cardiovascular-related. The median age at death increased from 45.0 [40.0,53.0] years in 2005-2007 to 61.0 [56.0,69.5] years in 2020-2022. HIV/AIDS and liver-related causes of death decreased, whereas deaths from NANH cancers increased, and cardiovascular-related deaths remained relatively stable.Conclusion The proportionally decreasing HIV/AIDS and liver-related deaths showcase the effectiveness of ART, comprehensive HIV patient care, and interventions targeting hepatitis C virus co-infection. Future research should focus on managing cancer and cardiovascular-related conditions as the new leading causes of death among PWH. Comprehensive healthcare strategies focusing on non-AIDS-related comorbidities, cancer management, and sustaining liver and cardiovascular health are needed to bridge the ongoing health disparities between PWH and the general population.
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76
Virological, serological and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: development and validation of the HEPA-B simulation model
Mohareb, A. M., Kim, A. Y., Boyd, A., Noubary, F., Kouame, M. G., Anglaret, X., Coffie, P. A., Eholie, S. P., Freedberg, K. A., Hyle, E. P.
BMJ Open, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
ObjectivesDetailed simulation models are needed to assess strategies for prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the world’s leading cause of liver disease. We sought to develop and validate a simulation model of chronic HBV that incorporates virological, serological and clinical outcomes. MethodsWe developed a novel Monte Carlo simulation model (the HEPA-B Model) detailing the natural history of chronic HBV. We parameterised the model with epidemiological data from the Western Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa. We simulated the evolution of HBV DNA, ‘e’ antigen (HBeAg) and surface antigen (HBsAg). We projected incidence of HBeAg loss, HBsAg loss, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and death over 10-year and lifetime horizons. We stratified outcomes by five HBV DNA categories at the time of HBeAg loss, ranging from HBV DNA106 copies/mL. We tested goodness of fit using intraclass coefficients (ICC). ResultsModel-projected incidence of HBeAg loss was 5.18% per year over lifetime (ICC, 0.969 (95% CI: 0.728 to 0.990)). For people in HBeAg-negative phases of infection, model-projected HBsAg loss ranged from 0.78% to 3.34% per year depending on HBV DNA level (ICC, 0.889 (95% CI: 0.542 to 0.959)). Model-projected incidence of cirrhosis was 0.29–2.09% per year (ICC, 0.965 (95% CI: 0.942 to 0.979)) and HCC incidence was 0.06–1.65% per year (ICC, 0.977 (95% CI: 0.962 to 0.986)). Over a lifetime simulation of HBV disease, mortality rates were higher for people with older age, higher HBV DNA level and liver-related complications, consistent with observational studies. ConclusionsWe simulated HBV DNA-stratified clinical outcomes with the novel HEPA-B Model and validated them to observational data. This model can be used to examine strategies of HBV prevention and management.
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77
Two risk factors for hypozincemia in diabetic β-thalassemia patients: Hepatitis C and deferasirox
Hadi Darvishi-Khezri, Hossein Karami, Mohammad Naderisorki, Mobin Ghazaiean, Mehrnoush Kosaryan, Amir Mosanejad-Galchali, Aily Aliasgharian, Hasan Karami
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
by Hadi Darvishi-Khezri, Hossein Karami, Mohammad Naderisorki, Mobin Ghazaiean, Mehrnoush Kosaryan, Amir Mosanejad-Galchali, Aily Aliasgharian, Hasan Karami Background and aim Hypozincemia is a prevalent adverse consequence in diabetes mellitus (DM) and β-Thalassemia patients. We aimed to evaluate the level of serum zinc in β-thalassemia patients with DM and a risk assessment for hypozincemia. Methods The study population included transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) with overt DM (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL, and/or 2-h plasma glucose≥200 mg/dL). Serum zinc concentration was measured by the colorimetric method, and the values below 70 μg/dL were defined as hypozincemia. Myocardial and liver T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI T2*, millisecond [ms]) were valued by a free contrast MRI. The demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and laboratory data were also recorded. The data belonged to the period from December 2018 until December 2020. Results Of 64 diabetic β-thalassemia patients, 41 cases had zinc data in their medical files (aged 38 ± 9 years, 48.8% female). 78.05% of patients (n = 32) were TDT, and 21.95% were NTDT (n = 9). The mean ± standard deviation of zinc level was 110.2 ± 127.6 μg/dL. The prevalence of hypozincemia was 9.76%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27 to 19.24 (four cases). After controlling age, the odds of hypozincemia for using deferasirox (DFX) was 8.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 127.1. In β-thalassemia patients, the age-adjusted risk of hypozincemia was calculated at 15.85, 95% CI 0.47 to 529.3 for hepatitis C. The adjusted risk of hypozincemia based on age for antacid use was 6.34, 95% CI 0.39 to 102.7. Conclusion In light of this study, as well as hepatitis C, using DFX and antacids is associated with a high risk of hypozincemia amid diabetic β-thalassemia cases. However, upward bias should be taken into consideration.
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78
Latent tuberculosis infection testing practices in a large U.S. integrated healthcare system
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
Abstract Purpose Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health threat with >80% of active TB in the U.S. occurring due to reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We may be under-screening those with high risk for LTBI and over-testing those at lower risk. A better understanding of gaps in current LTBI testing practices in relation to LTBI test positivity is needed.Methods This study, conducted between 01/01/2008 and 12/31/2019 at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, included individuals ≥18 years of age without a history of active TB. We examined factors associated with LTBI testing and LTBI positivity.Results Among 3,816,884 adults (52% female, 37% White, 37% Hispanic, mean age 43.5 years [S.D. 16.1]), 706,367 (19%) were tested for LTBI, among whom 60,393 (9%) had ≥1 positive result. Among 1,211,971 individuals meeting ≥1 screening criteria for LTBI, 210,025 (17%) were tested for LTBI. Factors associated with higher adjusted odds (aOR) of testing positive included male sex [aOR: 1.32, 95% CI:1.30-1.35], Asian/Pacific Islander [2.78, 2.68-2.88], current smoking [1.24, 1.20-1.28], diabetes [1.13, 1.09-1.16], hepatitis B [1.45, 1.34-1.57], hepatitis C [1.54, 1.44-1.66], and birth in a country with an elevated TB rate [3.40, 3.31-3.49]). Despite being risk factors for testing positive for LTBI, none of these factors were associated with higher odds of LTBI testing.Conclusions Current LTBI testing practices may be missing individuals at high risk of LTBI. Additional work is needed to refine and implement screening guidelines that appropriately target testing for those at highest risk for LTBI.
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79
The prevalence of HDV among HBsAg-positive populations with and without HIV-1 in China
Yan Wang, Guizhou Shen, Ruichao Lu, Jun Liu, Feng Zhang, Hui Wang, Weiping Cai, Fujie Zhang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) exacerbates the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) [1]. HDV/HBV co-infection correlates with severe liver disease, rapid progression to cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and higher mortality than individuals infected with HBV alone [1]. There is no therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [2]; however, there is conditional approval for bulevirtide by the European Medicines Agency [3]. The recommended therapy, PEG-IFN-alpha, does not produce satisfactory results [2].
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80
Myeloid cell MHC I expression drives CD8+ T cell activation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Victoria R. Adams, Leonard B. Collins, Taufika Islam Williams, Jennifer Holmes, Paul Hess, Hannah M. Atkins, Grace Scheidemantle, Xiaojing Liu, Mareca Lodge, Aaron J. Johnson, Arion Kennedy
Frontiers in Immunology, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
Background & aimsActivated CD8+ T cells are elevated in Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and are important for driving fibrosis and inflammation. Despite this, mechanisms of CD8+ T cell activation in NASH are largely limited. Specific CD8+ T cell subsets may become activated through metabolic signals or cytokines. However, studies in NASH have not evaluated the impact of antigen presentation or the involvement of specific antigens. Therefore, we determined if activated CD8+ T cells are dependent on MHC class I expression in NASH to regulate fibrosis and inflammation. MethodsWe used H2Kb and H2Db deficient (MHC I KO), Kb transgenic mice, and myeloid cell Kb deficient mice (LysM Kb KO) to investigate how MHC class I impacts CD8+ T cell function and NASH. Flow cytometry, gene expression, and histology were used to examine hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The hepatic class I immunopeptidome was evaluated by mass spectrometry. ResultsIn NASH, MHC class I isoform H2Kb was upregulated in myeloid cells. MHC I KO demonstrated protective effects against NASH-induced inflammation and fibrosis. Kb mice exhibited increased fibrosis in the absence of H2Db while LysM Kb KO mice showed protection against fibrosis but not inflammation. H2Kb restricted peptides identified a unique NASH peptide Ncf2 capable of CD8+ T cell activation in vitro. The Ncf2 peptide was not detected during fibrosis resolution. ConclusionThese results suggest that activated hepatic CD8+ T cells are dependent on myeloid cell MHC class I expression in diet induced NASH to promote inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, our studies suggest a role of NADPH oxidase in the production of Ncf2 peptide generation.
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81
Structural basis for nuclear import of hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleocapsid core
Ruoyu Yang, Ying-Hui Ko, Fenglin Li, Ravi K. Lokareddy, Chun-Feng David Hou, Christine Kim, Shelby Klein, Santiago Antolínez, Juan F. Marín, Carolina Pérez-Segura, Martin F. Jarrold, Adam Zlotnick, Jodi A. Hadden-Perilla, Gino Cingolani
Science Advances, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
82
Sustained virologic response improved the long-term health-related quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a prospective national study in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.01.2024
Tilføjet 10.01.2024
Abstract Background To investigate the trends in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and to assess the longitudinal impact of antiviral therapy on their well-being. Methods In this prospective multicenter observational study in adults with HCV infection, sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and EQ-5D questionnaires were collected. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to assess the associations between these variables and changes in HRQoL over time. Results 456 patients were included, with a median age of 46.5 (36.5–57.0) years, of which 262 (57.5%) were males and 44 (9.6%) had cirrhosis. 335 patients (73.5%) receiving antiviral therapy and 61.8% achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). The baseline EQ-5D utility and EQ-VAS were 0.916 ± 0.208 and 80.6 ± 13.0. In multivariable analysis of GEE estimation, achieving SVR24 was positively associated with EQ-5D utility (p = 0.000) and EQ-VAS (p = 0.000) over time. Age and income were shown to be significant predictors of EQ-5D utility, while gender, age and genotype were associated with EQ-VAS over time. Conclusions SVR improved long-term HRQoL in HCV patients in the first few years following viral clearance. Certain sociodemographic factors, such as gender, age, income as well as genotype, significantly influenced long-term changes in patients’ quality of life. Trial registration NCT01594554. Registration date: 09/05/2012.
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83
Serum MicroRNA profiles in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients before and after combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatment
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miR) are small sequence of nucleotides that can affect multiple genes involved in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle and disease development. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA profiles in a cohort of Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection before and after combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatment, as well as to gain a better understanding of the exact interaction mechanism in HCV transcriptional activity via differentially expressed miRNAs. For 12 weeks, 50 patients were eligible for and received sofosbuvir (400 mg daily) and daclatasvir (60 mg daily) treatment. Each patient’s blood was obtained twice: once before therapy began and again three months afterwards. Results The current study found that serum levels of circulating miR-122, miR-221, miR-23a, miR-125, miR-217, miR-224, and miR-181a were high in HCV pre-treatment patients, but after 12 weeks of direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) treatment, there was a statistically significant reduction in expression levels of miR-122, miR-221, miR-23a, miR-125, miR-217, and miR-224 (p
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84
Identification of associated risk factors for serological distribution of hepatitis B virus via machine learning models
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background The provincial-level sero-survey was launched to learn the updated seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the general population aged 1–69 years in Chongqing and to assess the risk factors for HBV infection to effectively screen persons with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods A total of 1828 individuals aged 1–69 years were investigated, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (HBsAb), and antibody to B core antigen (HBcAb) were detected. Logistic regression and three machine learning (ML) algorithms, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), were developed for analysis. Results The HBsAg prevalence of the total population was 3.83%, and among persons aged 1–14 years and 15–69 years, it was 0.24% and 4.89%, respectively. A large figure of 95.18% (770/809) of adults was unaware of their occult HBV infection. Age, region, and immunization history were found to be statistically associated with HBcAb prevalence with a logistic regression model. The prediction accuracies were 0.717, 0.727, and 0.725 for the proposed RF, SVM, and SGB models, respectively. Conclusions The logistic regression integrated with ML models could helpfully screen the risk factors for HBV infection and identify high-risk populations with CHB.
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85
Characterization of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA harboring pre‐S mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with ground glass hepatocytes
Yih‐Ping Su, Selena Y. Lin, Ih‐Jen Su, Yu‐Lan Kao, Shih‐Chun Shen, Joshua P. Earl, Garth D. Ehrlich, Cheng‐Yi Chen, Wenya Huang, Ying‐Hsiu Su, Hung‐Wen Tsai
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
86
[Review] Characterising the effectiveness of social determinants of health-focused hepatitis B interventions: a systematic review
Kikanwa Anyiwe, Aysegul Erman, Marian Hassan, Jordan J Feld, Eleanor Pullenayegum, William W L Wong, Beate Sander
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Social determinants of health are important in designing effective interventions for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This systematic review characterises equity-oriented, social determinants of health-focused HBV interventions, and describes their effectiveness in terms of the prevention, care, or treatment of HBV in high-income countries. We searched electronic databases for central concepts of ‘HBV’, ‘equity’, ‘social determinants of health’, ‘intervention’, and ‘Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries’.
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87
Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Current Status and Future Prospects
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 32-35
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88
Engineered extracellular vesicles for delivering functional Cas9/gRNA to eliminate hepatitis B virus cccDNA and integration
Wanjia ZengLiwei ZhengYukun LiJing YangTianhao MaoJing ZhangYanna LiuJing NingTing ZhangHongxin HuangXiangmei ChenFengmin Lua Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 31.12.2023
Tilføjet 31.12.2023
89
Rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV
María Casares-JimenezAntonio Rivero-JuarezPedro Lopez-LopezMaría Luisa MontesRoser Navarro-SolerJoaquín PeraireNuria EspinosaMaría Remedios Alemán-VallsTránsito Garcia-GarciaJavier Caballero-GomezDiana Corona-MataIgnacio Perez-ValeroRainer G. UlrichAntonio Riveroa Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spainb CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spainc HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spaind Infectious Diseases Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spaine Infectious Diseases Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spainf Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, IbIS, University of Seville, Seville, Spaing Infectious Diseases Unit, Canarias University Hospital, La Laguna, Spainh Immunogenomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), Genetic Department, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spaini Animal Health Unit, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spainj Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germanyk German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
Emerg Microbes Infect, 31.12.2023
Tilføjet 31.12.2023
90
Trends in liver cancer mortality in China from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Chen, T., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Rao, Z., Wang, M., Shen, H., Zeng, S.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
ObjectiveWe aimed to examine trends in overall mortality rates for liver cancer and those within subgroups according to sex, age, aetiological factors and modifiable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019. DesignThe design of this study involved analysing liver cancer mortality rates in China from 1990 to 2019 using joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in mortality rates. Annual percentage changes (APCs) and 95% CIs were used to quantify the magnitude of changes in mortality rates. The study also conducted subgroup analyses based on sex, age, aetiological factors and risk factors to better understand trends in liver cancer mortality rates. ResultsThe age-standardised mortality from liver cancer in China first increased from 28.12 to 31.54 deaths per 100 000 population in 1990–1996 (APC=2.1%, 95% CI: 1.5% to 2.6%), then dropped at varying rates (1996–2000, APC=–3.7%, 95% CI: –5.2% to –2.1%; 2000–2004, APC=–17.4%, 95% CI: –18.7% to –16.1%; 2004–2007, APC=–5.4%, 95% CI: –8.3% to –2.3%; and 2007–2012, APC=–1.4%, 95% CI: –2.3% to –0.4%), and began to increase again after 2012 (APC=1.3%, 95% CI: 0.9% to 1.7%). Hepatitis B and C virus infections accounted for 63% and 18% of liver cancer-related deaths, respectively, in China from 1990 to 2019. Smoking, drug use, alcohol use and elevated body mass index were the four leading risk factors for liver cancer mortality in China during the study period. Notable variations in both liver cancer mortality rates and changes in mortality rates were observed across sexes and age groups. ConclusionsThe age-standardised liver cancer mortality rate in China significantly decreased from 1996 to 2019. The major differences in liver cancer mortality rates and inconsistent changes in mortality rates between 1990 and 2019 merit the attention of researchers and policymakers.
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91
Profile of clinical characteristics and serologic markers of sporadic hepatitis E in a community cohort study
Zi-Min TangGui-Ping WenDong YingSi-Ling WangChang LiuWei-Kun TianYing-Bin WangMu-Jin FangYu-Lin ZhouYun-Sheng GeTing WuJun ZhangShou-Jie HuangZi-Zheng ZhengNing-Shao Xiaa State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of Chinab NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of Chinac United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of Chinad School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
92
Safety of hepatitis E vaccination for pregnancy: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase 3 clinical trial
Guohua ZhongChunlan ZhuangXiaowen HuQi ChenZhaofeng BiXinhua JiaSiying PengYufei LiYue HuangQiufen ZhangYing HongYoulin QiaoYingying SuHuirong PanTing WuLihui WeiShoujie HuangJun ZhangNingshao Xiaa State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinab Xiang’an Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinac Xiamen Innovax Biotech Company, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinad The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinae National Cancer Center, National Center for Cancer Clinical Research, the Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinag The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
93
Impact of National Omicron Outbreak at the end of 2022 on the future outlook of COVID-19 in China
Liwei ZhengShuying LiuFengmin Lua Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab SL Consulting, Thousand Oaks, CA, USAc Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
94
Risk of sexually transmitted infections among U.S. military service members in the setting of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use
Jason M. Blaylock, Evan C. Ewers, Elizabeth J. Bianchi, David B. King, Rosemary O. Casimier, Hector Erazo, Stephen Grieco, Jenny Lay, Sheila A. Peel, Kayvon Modjarrad, Charmagne G. Beckett, Jason F. Okulicz, Paul T. Scott, Shilpa Hakre
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.12.2023
Tilføjet 29.12.2023
by Jason M. Blaylock, Evan C. Ewers, Elizabeth J. Bianchi, David B. King, Rosemary O. Casimier, Hector Erazo, Stephen Grieco, Jenny Lay, Sheila A. Peel, Kayvon Modjarrad, Charmagne G. Beckett, Jason F. Okulicz, Paul T. Scott, Shilpa Hakre Background The evidence for an increased incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among patients utilizing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been inconsistent. We assessed the risk of incident STI while on PrEP compared to periods off PrEP among military service members starting PrEP. Methods Incidence rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis C virus, and HIV were determined among military service members without HIV prescribed daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine for HIV PrEP from February 1, 2014 through June 10, 2016. Hazard ratios for incident STIs were calculated using an Anderson-Gill recurrent event proportional hazard regression model. Results Among 755 male service members, 477 (63%) were diagnosed with incident STIs (overall incidence 21.4 per 100 person-years). Male service members had a significantly lower risk of any STIs (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.21, 95% CI 0.11–0.40) while using PrEP compared to periods off PrEP after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for initiating PrEP, surveillance period prior to PrEP initiation, and the effect of PrEP on site and type of infection in multivariate analysis. However, when stratifying for anatomical site and type of infection, the risk of extragenital gonorrhea infection (pharyngeal NG: aHR 1.84, 95% CI 0.82–4.13, p = 0.30; rectal NG: aHR 1.23, 95% CI 0.60–2.51, p = 1.00) and extragenital CT infection (pharyngeal CT: aHR 2.30, 95% CI 0.46–11.46, p = 0.81; rectal CT: aHR 1.36, 95% CI 0.81–2.31, p = 0.66) was greater on PrEP compared to off PrEP although these values did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions The data suggest entry into PrEP care reduced the overall risk of STIs following adjustment for anatomical site of STI and treatment. Service members engaged in PrEP services also receive more STI prevention counseling, which might contribute to decreases in STI risk while on PrEP.
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95
A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies a role for Rab5A and early endosomes in hepatitis E virus replication
Noémie OechslinNathalie Da SilvaMaliki AnkavayDarius MoradpourJérôme GouttenoireaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 27.12.2023
Tilføjet 27.12.2023
96
Distribution pattern, molecular transmission networks, and phylodynamic of hepatitis C virus in China
Jingrong Ye, Yanming Sun, Jia Li, Xinli Lu, Minna Zheng, Lifeng Liu, Fengting Yu, Shufang He, Conghui Xu, Xianlong Ren, Juan Wang, Jing Chen, Yuhua Ruan, Yi Feng, Yiming Shao, Hui Xing, Hongyan Lu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.12.2023
Tilføjet 22.12.2023
by Jingrong Ye, Yanming Sun, Jia Li, Xinli Lu, Minna Zheng, Lifeng Liu, Fengting Yu, Shufang He, Conghui Xu, Xianlong Ren, Juan Wang, Jing Chen, Yuhua Ruan, Yi Feng, Yiming Shao, Hui Xing, Hongyan Lu In China, few molecular epidemiological data on hepatitis C virus (HCV) are available and all previous studies were limited by small sample sizes or specific population characteristics. Here, we report characterization of the epidemic history and transmission dynamics of HCV strains in China. We included HCV sequences of individuals belonging to three HCV surveillance programs: 1) patients diagnosed with HIV infection at the Beijing HIV laboratory network, most of whom were people who inject drugs and former paid blood donors, 2) men who have sex with men, and 3) the general population. We also used publicly available HCV sequences sampled in China in our study. In total, we obtained 1,603 Ns5b and 865 C/E2 sequences from 1,811 individuals. The most common HCV strains were subtypes 1b (29.1%), 3b (25.5%) and 3a (15.1%). In transmission network analysis, factors independently associated with clustering included the region (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19–0.71), infection subtype (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.1–0.52), and sampling period (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27–0.68). The history of the major HCV subtypes was complex, which coincided with some important sociomedical events in China. Of note, five of eight HCV subtype (1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, and 3b), which constituted 81.8% HCV strains genotyped in our study, showed a tendency towards decline in the effective population size during the past decade until present, which is a good omen for the goal of eliminating HCV by 2030 in China.
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97
Sexual health challenges in migrant, immigrant, and displaced populations 2022–2023
Panchenko, Sofya; Gabster, Amanda; Mayaud, Philippe; Erausquin, Jennifer Toller
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
Purpose of review This article reviews recently published research on sexual health challenges and HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among migrant, immigrant and displaced people (MIDP) worldwide. We aimed to identify current evidence gaps regarding HIV/STI epidemiology, sexual health needs and interventions. Recent findings Incidence and prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis were higher among MIDP compared to host populations. However, research studies are limited in geographical distribution and few routine surveillance data are collected. Barriers to sexual health services use and participation in preventive interventions include low HIV/STI symptom knowledge and risk awareness, and intersectional experiences of stigma/discrimination. Better targeted promotion messages are needed to increase utilization of preventive sexual health interventions. Summary Access to, and use of, sexual health services and interventions are evident needs among MIDP. These needs are intertwined with social determinants of health, including cultural/language barriers and stigma. Effective interventions require involvement of multiple stakeholder groups, encouraging engagement and providing social protection. Promising directions for interventions and further research include developing sexual health supportive environments through peer-strategies and provider training in trauma-informed care.
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98
A multicentric and nationwide predictive study role of T cell sub‐population in the prevalence and prognosis of cryoglobulinemia among genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C patients
Mohamed Abdel‐Samiee, Mohamed I. Youssef, Fathy Elghamry, Mahmoud Bazeed, Mohamed Al‐Shorbagy, Helmy Shalaby, Hossam Shabana, Eman Abdelsameea, Hesham El Sayed Lashin, Hossam M. Farid El Zamek, Tarek Esam, Mohammad AbdElhameed Ahmed Alwaseef, Housam Ahmed Helmy, Feras Almarshad, Fatma A. Khalaf, Badawy W. AboBakr Yossef, Arafat Kassem, Basant Mostafa Gabr, Ahmed Abdelfattah, Hind S. AboShabaan, Galal Abdelhameed Aboufarrag, Marwa M. Omar, Mohammed Saied Bakeer, Mohammed S. Imam, Essam S. Ibrahim, Shimaa Y Kamel, Talaat Allisy, Omima Sayed Mohammed, Ali Farahat, Mohsen M. El‐Khayat, Mohamed Abdelrafaa Hassan Sekeen, Eman Mohammed Zaher, Ashraf Said, Ahmed Abuamer, Essam Elmahdi
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
99
Antiviral therapy reduces hepatocellular carcinoma through suppressing hepatitis B virus replication may improve ER stress, mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions and decrease p62 in hybridized mice with single HBV transgene and miR‐122
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