47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (hepatitis) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
177 emner vises.
101
Sustained virologic response improved the long-term health-related quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a prospective national study in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.01.2024
Tilføjet 10.01.2024
Abstract Background To investigate the trends in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and to assess the longitudinal impact of antiviral therapy on their well-being. Methods In this prospective multicenter observational study in adults with HCV infection, sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and EQ-5D questionnaires were collected. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to assess the associations between these variables and changes in HRQoL over time. Results 456 patients were included, with a median age of 46.5 (36.5–57.0) years, of which 262 (57.5%) were males and 44 (9.6%) had cirrhosis. 335 patients (73.5%) receiving antiviral therapy and 61.8% achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). The baseline EQ-5D utility and EQ-VAS were 0.916 ± 0.208 and 80.6 ± 13.0. In multivariable analysis of GEE estimation, achieving SVR24 was positively associated with EQ-5D utility (p = 0.000) and EQ-VAS (p = 0.000) over time. Age and income were shown to be significant predictors of EQ-5D utility, while gender, age and genotype were associated with EQ-VAS over time. Conclusions SVR improved long-term HRQoL in HCV patients in the first few years following viral clearance. Certain sociodemographic factors, such as gender, age, income as well as genotype, significantly influenced long-term changes in patients’ quality of life. Trial registration NCT01594554. Registration date: 09/05/2012.
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102
Serum MicroRNA profiles in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients before and after combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatment
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miR) are small sequence of nucleotides that can affect multiple genes involved in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle and disease development. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA profiles in a cohort of Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection before and after combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatment, as well as to gain a better understanding of the exact interaction mechanism in HCV transcriptional activity via differentially expressed miRNAs. For 12 weeks, 50 patients were eligible for and received sofosbuvir (400 mg daily) and daclatasvir (60 mg daily) treatment. Each patient’s blood was obtained twice: once before therapy began and again three months afterwards. Results The current study found that serum levels of circulating miR-122, miR-221, miR-23a, miR-125, miR-217, miR-224, and miR-181a were high in HCV pre-treatment patients, but after 12 weeks of direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) treatment, there was a statistically significant reduction in expression levels of miR-122, miR-221, miR-23a, miR-125, miR-217, and miR-224 (p
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103
Identification of associated risk factors for serological distribution of hepatitis B virus via machine learning models
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background The provincial-level sero-survey was launched to learn the updated seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the general population aged 1–69 years in Chongqing and to assess the risk factors for HBV infection to effectively screen persons with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods A total of 1828 individuals aged 1–69 years were investigated, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (HBsAb), and antibody to B core antigen (HBcAb) were detected. Logistic regression and three machine learning (ML) algorithms, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), were developed for analysis. Results The HBsAg prevalence of the total population was 3.83%, and among persons aged 1–14 years and 15–69 years, it was 0.24% and 4.89%, respectively. A large figure of 95.18% (770/809) of adults was unaware of their occult HBV infection. Age, region, and immunization history were found to be statistically associated with HBcAb prevalence with a logistic regression model. The prediction accuracies were 0.717, 0.727, and 0.725 for the proposed RF, SVM, and SGB models, respectively. Conclusions The logistic regression integrated with ML models could helpfully screen the risk factors for HBV infection and identify high-risk populations with CHB.
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104
Characterization of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA harboring pre‐S mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with ground glass hepatocytes
Yih‐Ping Su, Selena Y. Lin, Ih‐Jen Su, Yu‐Lan Kao, Shih‐Chun Shen, Joshua P. Earl, Garth D. Ehrlich, Cheng‐Yi Chen, Wenya Huang, Ying‐Hsiu Su, Hung‐Wen Tsai
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
105
[Review] Characterising the effectiveness of social determinants of health-focused hepatitis B interventions: a systematic review
Kikanwa Anyiwe, Aysegul Erman, Marian Hassan, Jordan J Feld, Eleanor Pullenayegum, William W L Wong, Beate Sander
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Social determinants of health are important in designing effective interventions for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This systematic review characterises equity-oriented, social determinants of health-focused HBV interventions, and describes their effectiveness in terms of the prevention, care, or treatment of HBV in high-income countries. We searched electronic databases for central concepts of ‘HBV’, ‘equity’, ‘social determinants of health’, ‘intervention’, and ‘Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries’.
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106
Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Current Status and Future Prospects
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 32-35
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107
Engineered extracellular vesicles for delivering functional Cas9/gRNA to eliminate hepatitis B virus cccDNA and integration
Wanjia ZengLiwei ZhengYukun LiJing YangTianhao MaoJing ZhangYanna LiuJing NingTing ZhangHongxin HuangXiangmei ChenFengmin Lua Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 31.12.2023
Tilføjet 31.12.2023
108
Rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV
María Casares-JimenezAntonio Rivero-JuarezPedro Lopez-LopezMaría Luisa MontesRoser Navarro-SolerJoaquín PeraireNuria EspinosaMaría Remedios Alemán-VallsTránsito Garcia-GarciaJavier Caballero-GomezDiana Corona-MataIgnacio Perez-ValeroRainer G. UlrichAntonio Riveroa Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spainb CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spainc HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spaind Infectious Diseases Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spaine Infectious Diseases Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spainf Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, IbIS, University of Seville, Seville, Spaing Infectious Diseases Unit, Canarias University Hospital, La Laguna, Spainh Immunogenomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), Genetic Department, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spaini Animal Health Unit, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spainj Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germanyk German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
Emerg Microbes Infect, 31.12.2023
Tilføjet 31.12.2023
109
Trends in liver cancer mortality in China from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Chen, T., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Rao, Z., Wang, M., Shen, H., Zeng, S.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
ObjectiveWe aimed to examine trends in overall mortality rates for liver cancer and those within subgroups according to sex, age, aetiological factors and modifiable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019. DesignThe design of this study involved analysing liver cancer mortality rates in China from 1990 to 2019 using joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in mortality rates. Annual percentage changes (APCs) and 95% CIs were used to quantify the magnitude of changes in mortality rates. The study also conducted subgroup analyses based on sex, age, aetiological factors and risk factors to better understand trends in liver cancer mortality rates. ResultsThe age-standardised mortality from liver cancer in China first increased from 28.12 to 31.54 deaths per 100 000 population in 1990–1996 (APC=2.1%, 95% CI: 1.5% to 2.6%), then dropped at varying rates (1996–2000, APC=–3.7%, 95% CI: –5.2% to –2.1%; 2000–2004, APC=–17.4%, 95% CI: –18.7% to –16.1%; 2004–2007, APC=–5.4%, 95% CI: –8.3% to –2.3%; and 2007–2012, APC=–1.4%, 95% CI: –2.3% to –0.4%), and began to increase again after 2012 (APC=1.3%, 95% CI: 0.9% to 1.7%). Hepatitis B and C virus infections accounted for 63% and 18% of liver cancer-related deaths, respectively, in China from 1990 to 2019. Smoking, drug use, alcohol use and elevated body mass index were the four leading risk factors for liver cancer mortality in China during the study period. Notable variations in both liver cancer mortality rates and changes in mortality rates were observed across sexes and age groups. ConclusionsThe age-standardised liver cancer mortality rate in China significantly decreased from 1996 to 2019. The major differences in liver cancer mortality rates and inconsistent changes in mortality rates between 1990 and 2019 merit the attention of researchers and policymakers.
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110
Profile of clinical characteristics and serologic markers of sporadic hepatitis E in a community cohort study
Zi-Min TangGui-Ping WenDong YingSi-Ling WangChang LiuWei-Kun TianYing-Bin WangMu-Jin FangYu-Lin ZhouYun-Sheng GeTing WuJun ZhangShou-Jie HuangZi-Zheng ZhengNing-Shao Xiaa State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of Chinab NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of Chinac United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of Chinad School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
111
Safety of hepatitis E vaccination for pregnancy: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase 3 clinical trial
Guohua ZhongChunlan ZhuangXiaowen HuQi ChenZhaofeng BiXinhua JiaSiying PengYufei LiYue HuangQiufen ZhangYing HongYoulin QiaoYingying SuHuirong PanTing WuLihui WeiShoujie HuangJun ZhangNingshao Xiaa State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinab Xiang’an Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinac Xiamen Innovax Biotech Company, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinad The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinae National Cancer Center, National Center for Cancer Clinical Research, the Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinag The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
112
Impact of National Omicron Outbreak at the end of 2022 on the future outlook of COVID-19 in China
Liwei ZhengShuying LiuFengmin Lua Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab SL Consulting, Thousand Oaks, CA, USAc Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
113
Risk of sexually transmitted infections among U.S. military service members in the setting of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use
Jason M. Blaylock, Evan C. Ewers, Elizabeth J. Bianchi, David B. King, Rosemary O. Casimier, Hector Erazo, Stephen Grieco, Jenny Lay, Sheila A. Peel, Kayvon Modjarrad, Charmagne G. Beckett, Jason F. Okulicz, Paul T. Scott, Shilpa Hakre
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.12.2023
Tilføjet 29.12.2023
by Jason M. Blaylock, Evan C. Ewers, Elizabeth J. Bianchi, David B. King, Rosemary O. Casimier, Hector Erazo, Stephen Grieco, Jenny Lay, Sheila A. Peel, Kayvon Modjarrad, Charmagne G. Beckett, Jason F. Okulicz, Paul T. Scott, Shilpa Hakre Background The evidence for an increased incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among patients utilizing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been inconsistent. We assessed the risk of incident STI while on PrEP compared to periods off PrEP among military service members starting PrEP. Methods Incidence rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis C virus, and HIV were determined among military service members without HIV prescribed daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine for HIV PrEP from February 1, 2014 through June 10, 2016. Hazard ratios for incident STIs were calculated using an Anderson-Gill recurrent event proportional hazard regression model. Results Among 755 male service members, 477 (63%) were diagnosed with incident STIs (overall incidence 21.4 per 100 person-years). Male service members had a significantly lower risk of any STIs (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.21, 95% CI 0.11–0.40) while using PrEP compared to periods off PrEP after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for initiating PrEP, surveillance period prior to PrEP initiation, and the effect of PrEP on site and type of infection in multivariate analysis. However, when stratifying for anatomical site and type of infection, the risk of extragenital gonorrhea infection (pharyngeal NG: aHR 1.84, 95% CI 0.82–4.13, p = 0.30; rectal NG: aHR 1.23, 95% CI 0.60–2.51, p = 1.00) and extragenital CT infection (pharyngeal CT: aHR 2.30, 95% CI 0.46–11.46, p = 0.81; rectal CT: aHR 1.36, 95% CI 0.81–2.31, p = 0.66) was greater on PrEP compared to off PrEP although these values did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions The data suggest entry into PrEP care reduced the overall risk of STIs following adjustment for anatomical site of STI and treatment. Service members engaged in PrEP services also receive more STI prevention counseling, which might contribute to decreases in STI risk while on PrEP.
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114
A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies a role for Rab5A and early endosomes in hepatitis E virus replication
Noémie OechslinNathalie Da SilvaMaliki AnkavayDarius MoradpourJérôme GouttenoireaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 27.12.2023
Tilføjet 27.12.2023
115
Distribution pattern, molecular transmission networks, and phylodynamic of hepatitis C virus in China
Jingrong Ye, Yanming Sun, Jia Li, Xinli Lu, Minna Zheng, Lifeng Liu, Fengting Yu, Shufang He, Conghui Xu, Xianlong Ren, Juan Wang, Jing Chen, Yuhua Ruan, Yi Feng, Yiming Shao, Hui Xing, Hongyan Lu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.12.2023
Tilføjet 22.12.2023
by Jingrong Ye, Yanming Sun, Jia Li, Xinli Lu, Minna Zheng, Lifeng Liu, Fengting Yu, Shufang He, Conghui Xu, Xianlong Ren, Juan Wang, Jing Chen, Yuhua Ruan, Yi Feng, Yiming Shao, Hui Xing, Hongyan Lu In China, few molecular epidemiological data on hepatitis C virus (HCV) are available and all previous studies were limited by small sample sizes or specific population characteristics. Here, we report characterization of the epidemic history and transmission dynamics of HCV strains in China. We included HCV sequences of individuals belonging to three HCV surveillance programs: 1) patients diagnosed with HIV infection at the Beijing HIV laboratory network, most of whom were people who inject drugs and former paid blood donors, 2) men who have sex with men, and 3) the general population. We also used publicly available HCV sequences sampled in China in our study. In total, we obtained 1,603 Ns5b and 865 C/E2 sequences from 1,811 individuals. The most common HCV strains were subtypes 1b (29.1%), 3b (25.5%) and 3a (15.1%). In transmission network analysis, factors independently associated with clustering included the region (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19–0.71), infection subtype (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.1–0.52), and sampling period (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27–0.68). The history of the major HCV subtypes was complex, which coincided with some important sociomedical events in China. Of note, five of eight HCV subtype (1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, and 3b), which constituted 81.8% HCV strains genotyped in our study, showed a tendency towards decline in the effective population size during the past decade until present, which is a good omen for the goal of eliminating HCV by 2030 in China.
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116
Sexual health challenges in migrant, immigrant, and displaced populations 2022–2023
Panchenko, Sofya; Gabster, Amanda; Mayaud, Philippe; Erausquin, Jennifer Toller
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
Purpose of review This article reviews recently published research on sexual health challenges and HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among migrant, immigrant and displaced people (MIDP) worldwide. We aimed to identify current evidence gaps regarding HIV/STI epidemiology, sexual health needs and interventions. Recent findings Incidence and prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis were higher among MIDP compared to host populations. However, research studies are limited in geographical distribution and few routine surveillance data are collected. Barriers to sexual health services use and participation in preventive interventions include low HIV/STI symptom knowledge and risk awareness, and intersectional experiences of stigma/discrimination. Better targeted promotion messages are needed to increase utilization of preventive sexual health interventions. Summary Access to, and use of, sexual health services and interventions are evident needs among MIDP. These needs are intertwined with social determinants of health, including cultural/language barriers and stigma. Effective interventions require involvement of multiple stakeholder groups, encouraging engagement and providing social protection. Promising directions for interventions and further research include developing sexual health supportive environments through peer-strategies and provider training in trauma-informed care.
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117
A multicentric and nationwide predictive study role of T cell sub‐population in the prevalence and prognosis of cryoglobulinemia among genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C patients
Mohamed Abdel‐Samiee, Mohamed I. Youssef, Fathy Elghamry, Mahmoud Bazeed, Mohamed Al‐Shorbagy, Helmy Shalaby, Hossam Shabana, Eman Abdelsameea, Hesham El Sayed Lashin, Hossam M. Farid El Zamek, Tarek Esam, Mohammad AbdElhameed Ahmed Alwaseef, Housam Ahmed Helmy, Feras Almarshad, Fatma A. Khalaf, Badawy W. AboBakr Yossef, Arafat Kassem, Basant Mostafa Gabr, Ahmed Abdelfattah, Hind S. AboShabaan, Galal Abdelhameed Aboufarrag, Marwa M. Omar, Mohammed Saied Bakeer, Mohammed S. Imam, Essam S. Ibrahim, Shimaa Y Kamel, Talaat Allisy, Omima Sayed Mohammed, Ali Farahat, Mohsen M. El‐Khayat, Mohamed Abdelrafaa Hassan Sekeen, Eman Mohammed Zaher, Ashraf Said, Ahmed Abuamer, Essam Elmahdi
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
118
Antiviral therapy reduces hepatocellular carcinoma through suppressing hepatitis B virus replication may improve ER stress, mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions and decrease p62 in hybridized mice with single HBV transgene and miR‐122
Yuh‐Jin Liang, Yu‐Wei Chiou, Abby Pei‐Ting Chiu, Ming‐Shi Shiao, Wei Teng, Chin‐Wei Lin, Mei‐Ling Cheng, Yen‐Hua Huang, Kung‐Hao Liang, Chien‐Wei Su, Chi‐Yu Lai, Chih‐Li Chen, Jaw‐Ching Wu
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
119
Identification and characterization of Sofosbuvir‐resistant mutations of hepatitis C virus genotype 3a replicon
Jackline Wangu Ngari, Steve Leumi, Lin Han, Chaolun Liu, Yimin Tong, Jin Zhong
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.12.2023
Tilføjet 17.12.2023
120
Anti-hepatitis C antibody carriage and risk of liver impairment in rural-Cameroon: adapting the control of hepatocellular carcinoma for resource-limited settings
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
Abstract Background The Viral hepatitis elimination by 2030 is uncertain in resource-limited settings (RLS), due to high burdens and poor diagnostic coverage. This sounds more challenging for hepatitis C virus (HCV) given that antibody (HCVAb) sero-positivity still lacks wide access to HCV RNA molecular testing. This warrants context-specific strategies for appropriate management of liver impairment in RLS. We herein determine the association between anti-HCV positivity and liver impairment in an African RLS. Methods A facility-based observational study was conducted from July-August 2021 among individuals attending the “St Monique” Health Center at Ottou, a rural community of Yaounde,Cameroon. Following a consecutive sampling, consenting individuals were tested for anti-HCV antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HIV antibodies (HIVAb) as per the national guidelines. After excluding positive cases for HBsAg and/or HIVAb, liver function tests (ALT/AST) were performed on eligible participants (HBsAg and HIVAb negative) and outcomes were compared according to HCVAb status; with p 50 years compared to younger ones [38.46%(15/39) versus 12.36% (33/267) respectively, OR(95%CI) = 4.43(2.11-9.29), p 50 versus younger ones [69.23% (27/39) versus 24.72%(66/267) respectively, p
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121
Prevention, testing, and treatment interventions for hepatitis B and C in refugee populations: results of a scoping review
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
Abstract Background and aims Refugees are at higher risk for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), but often face unique healthcare barriers to vaccination, testing, and treatment. This scoping review aimed to identify and characterize HBV and HCV prevention and care services serving refugee populations globally. Methods A literature search was conducted on Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. Research studies published in English between January 2010 to July 2022 describing an HBV or HCV prevention, testing, or treatment intervention for refugees were included. Results There were a total of 69 articles reporting viral hepatitis prevalence, implementation of services, or economic modelling. Of the 38 implementation studies, 14 were stand-alone HBV and/or HCV interventions, while 24 studies included HBV and/or HCV in an intervention targeting multiple infectious diseases and/or parasitic infections. Interventions commonly included a testing (n = 30) or referral (n = 24) component. Frequently reported features to promote program accessibility included bilingual services (n = 25), community partnerships (n = 21), and multidisciplinary staff members (n = 18), such as cultural and/or linguistic mediators, community health workers, community health leaders, lay health workers, local health staff, members of the refugee community, and social workers. The most commonly reported challenge was the transience of refugees (n = 5). Twenty studies noted funding sources, of which twelve reported governmental funding (not including national health insurance) and eight reported that refugees received national health insurance. Conclusions This is the first scoping review to characterize the types of hepatitis prevention, screening, and treatment interventions serving refugee populations globally. Published experiences of HBV and HCV services for refugee populations remain limited. Additional efforts are needed to disseminate models of hepatitis interventions for refugees to ensure access to care for this key population. To achieve hepatitis elimination globally, best practices must be identified and shared to expand access to hepatitis services for refugee populations.
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122
Black Race and Hepatitis C—a New Focus for JAMA Narrative Reviews
Journal of the American Medical Association, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
Promoting the science and art of medicine for the betterment of human health is central to JAMA’s mission and is fulfilled in part by publishing articles with up-to-date evidence on common health problems that are timely and practical for clinicians. Narrative reviews, an important component of JAMA’s Clinical Review and Education section, provide evidence-based and timely summaries of topics relevant for the practicing generalist clinician. Recent JAMA narrative reviews have covered prediabetes, hyperthyroidism, and care of adults who survived childhood cancer.
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123
Hepatitis C in Black Individuals in the US
Journal of the American Medical Association, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
This review summarizes evidence regarding Black race and inequities in outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection because of the high prevalence and absolute number of annual HCV-related deaths in Black populations relative to other racial and ethnic minority groups.
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124
Anti-hepatitis C antibody carriage and risk of liver impairment in rural-Cameroon: adapting the control of hepatocellular carcinoma for resource-limited settings
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
Abstract Background The Viral hepatitis elimination by 2030 is uncertain in resource-limited settings (RLS), due to high burdens and poor diagnostic coverage. This sounds more challenging for hepatitis C virus (HCV) given that antibody (HCVAb) sero-positivity still lacks wide access to HCV RNA molecular testing. This warrants context-specific strategies for appropriate management of liver impairment in RLS. We herein determine the association between anti-HCV positivity and liver impairment in an African RLS. Methods A facility-based observational study was conducted from July-August 2021 among individuals attending the “St Monique” Health Center at Ottou, a rural community of Yaounde,Cameroon. Following a consecutive sampling, consenting individuals were tested for anti-HCV antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HIV antibodies (HIVAb) as per the national guidelines. After excluding positive cases for HBsAg and/or HIVAb, liver function tests (ALT/AST) were performed on eligible participants (HBsAg and HIVAb negative) and outcomes were compared according to HCVAb status; with p 50 years compared to younger ones [38.46%(15/39) versus 12.36% (33/267) respectively, OR(95%CI) = 4.43(2.11-9.29), p 50 versus younger ones [69.23% (27/39) versus 24.72%(66/267) respectively, p
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125
Identification of genes regulated by lipids from seaweed Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) involved in the improvement of hepatic steatosis: Insights from RNA-Seq analysis in obese db/db mice
Sayaka Iizasa, Koji Nagao, Keisuke Tsuge, Yukio Nagano, Teruyoshi Yanagita
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.12.2023
Tilføjet 12.12.2023
by Sayaka Iizasa, Koji Nagao, Keisuke Tsuge, Yukio Nagano, Teruyoshi Yanagita Hepatic steatosis is an early stage in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can lead to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Identification of dietary components that can alleviate hepatic steatosis is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. Recently, we demonstrated the impact of lipids extracted from the marine red alga Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) in a murine model of type 2-diabete (db/db). We found that Susabinori lipids (SNL), abundant in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-containing polar lipids, protected against obesity-induced hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. To understand the specific genes or biological pathways underlying the effects of SNL, we conducted RNA-Seq analysis of the hepatic transcriptome. By performing comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes between normal mice and db/db mice consuming a control diet, as well as SNL-fed db/db mice, we identified the 15 SNL-dependent up-regulated genes that were down-regulated in db/db mice but up-regulated by SNL feeding. Gene ontology and pathway analysis on these 15 genes demonstrated a significant association with the metabolisms of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA). Furthermore, we observed alterations in the expression levels of monoacylglycerol lipase (Magl) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (Fabp4) in the SNL-fed db/db mice, both of which are implicated in AA and LA metabolism. Additionally, the livers of SNL-fed db/db mice exhibited reduced levels of AA and LA, but a high accumulation of EPA. In conclusion, the SNL diet might affect the metabolisms of AA and LA, which contribute to the improvement of hepatic steatosis. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SNL.
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126
Prevention, testing, and treatment interventions for hepatitis B and C in refugee populations: results of a scoping review
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.12.2023
Tilføjet 9.12.2023
Abstract Background and aims Refugees are at higher risk for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), but often face unique healthcare barriers to vaccination, testing, and treatment. This scoping review aimed to identify and characterize HBV and HCV prevention and care services serving refugee populations globally. Methods A literature search was conducted on Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. Research studies published in English between January 2010 to July 2022 describing an HBV or HCV prevention, testing, or treatment intervention for refugees were included. Results There were a total of 69 articles reporting viral hepatitis prevalence, implementation of services, or economic modelling. Of the 38 implementation studies, 14 were stand-alone HBV and/or HCV interventions, while 24 studies included HBV and/or HCV in an intervention targeting multiple infectious diseases and/or parasitic infections. Interventions commonly included a testing (n = 30) or referral (n = 24) component. Frequently reported features to promote program accessibility included bilingual services (n = 25), community partnerships (n = 21), and multidisciplinary staff members (n = 18), such as cultural and/or linguistic mediators, community health workers, community health leaders, lay health workers, local health staff, members of the refugee community, and social workers. The most commonly reported challenge was the transience of refugees (n = 5). Twenty studies noted funding sources, of which twelve reported governmental funding (not including national health insurance) and eight reported that refugees received national health insurance. Conclusions This is the first scoping review to characterize the types of hepatitis prevention, screening, and treatment interventions serving refugee populations globally. Published experiences of HBV and HCV services for refugee populations remain limited. Additional efforts are needed to disseminate models of hepatitis interventions for refugees to ensure access to care for this key population. To achieve hepatitis elimination globally, best practices must be identified and shared to expand access to hepatitis services for refugee populations.
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127
Associations of Wnt5a expression with liver injury in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.12.2023
Tilføjet 9.12.2023
Abstract Background Aberrant Wnt5a expression contributes to immunity, inflammation and tissue damage. However, it remains unknown whether Wnt5a is associated with liver injury in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to explore the potential role of Wnt5a expression in liver injury caused by chronic HBV infection. Methods Wnt5a mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed in 31 acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) patients, 82 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and 20 healthy controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intrahepatic Wnt5a protein expression from 32 chronic HBV infection patients and 6 normal controls was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results Wnt5a mRNA expression was increased in CHB patients and ACHBLF patients compared to healthy controls and correlated positively with liver injury markers. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between Wnt5a mRNA expression and HBV DNA load in all patients and CHB patients but not in ACHBLF patients. Furthermore, intrahepatic Wnt5a protein expression was elevated in chronic HBV infection patients compared to that in normal controls. Moreover, chronic HBV infection patients with higher hepatic inflammatory grades had increased intrahepatic Wnt5a protein expression compared with lower hepatic inflammatory grades. In addition, the cut-off value of 12.59 for Wnt5a mRNA level was a strong indicator in predicting ACHBLF in CHB patients. Conclusions We found that Wnt5a expression was associated with liver injury in chronic HBV infection patients. Wnt5a might be involved in exacerbation of chronic HBV infection.
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128
Moving beyond the guidelines to improve detection of viral hepatitis and linkage to care
Filip, Iulia
AIDS, 9.12.2023
Tilføjet 9.12.2023
129
HBV prevalence in Sub-continental countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Sam Hogan, Andrew Page, Sameer Dixit, Kate A. McBride
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.12.2023
Tilføjet 9.12.2023
by Sam Hogan, Andrew Page, Sameer Dixit, Kate A. McBride Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major source of disease burden worldwide, with an estimated 296 million individuals living with infections worldwide. Although vaccine programs exist to control infections, certain sub-populations around the world continue to have very high prevalence of HBV infection. Methods A systematic search of studies of HBV published after 2010 was conducted for India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan. Each paper was independently screened for risk of bias and inclusion. Data were extracted from included studies before being analysed to estimate pooled prevalence, and to conduct sub-group analyses. Random-effects models were used for estimating summary prevalence due to a high level of heterogeneity between studies, and funnel plots were combined with Egger’s test to assess publication bias. Meta-regression was conducted to investigate sources of between-study heterogeneity. Results The pooled prevalence of HBV across all studies was 3% (95% CI 0.02, 0.05). For countries with multiple studies, the pooled prevalence in India was 3% (95% CI 0.02, 0.04), in Pakistan 6% (95% CI 0.03, 0.09), in Bangladesh 5% (95% CI of 0.02, 0.12), and in Nepal 1% (95% CI 0.00, 0.08). There was some evidence of publication bias, and a high level of heterogeneity across studies. Risk of bias analysis found most studies to be of fair or moderate quality. Conclusions The prevalence of HBV among countries in the sub-continent was higher than the global average, but was not as high as some other regions. Countries with greater numbers of displaced persons had higher prevalence of HBV, with a wide range of prevalence between subpopulations likely reflecting differential uptake, and implementation, of vaccination programs.
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130
Associations of Wnt5a expression with liver injury in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
Abstract Background Aberrant Wnt5a expression contributes to immunity, inflammation and tissue damage. However, it remains unknown whether Wnt5a is associated with liver injury in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to explore the potential role of Wnt5a expression in liver injury caused by chronic HBV infection. Methods Wnt5a mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed in 31 acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) patients, 82 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and 20 healthy controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intrahepatic Wnt5a protein expression from 32 chronic HBV infection patients and 6 normal controls was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results Wnt5a mRNA expression was increased in CHB patients and ACHBLF patients compared to healthy controls and correlated positively with liver injury markers. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between Wnt5a mRNA expression and HBV DNA load in all patients and CHB patients but not in ACHBLF patients. Furthermore, intrahepatic Wnt5a protein expression was elevated in chronic HBV infection patients compared to that in normal controls. Moreover, chronic HBV infection patients with higher hepatic inflammatory grades had increased intrahepatic Wnt5a protein expression compared with lower hepatic inflammatory grades. In addition, the cut-off value of 12.59 for Wnt5a mRNA level was a strong indicator in predicting ACHBLF in CHB patients. Conclusions We found that Wnt5a expression was associated with liver injury in chronic HBV infection patients. Wnt5a might be involved in exacerbation of chronic HBV infection.
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131
Correction: Youth and healthcare workers’ perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of self-testing for HIV, Hepatitis and Syphilis among young people: Qualitative findings from a pilot study in Gaborone, Botswana
Nambusi Kyegombe, Gbolahan Ajibola, Maureen Sakoi-Mosetlhi, Tsholofelo Rebatenne, Motswedi Anderson, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Joseph Makhema, Una Ngwenya, Sikhulile Moyo, Odile Sauzet, Lucy Mupfumi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
by Nambusi Kyegombe, Gbolahan Ajibola, Maureen Sakoi-Mosetlhi, Tsholofelo Rebatenne, Motswedi Anderson, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Joseph Makhema, Una Ngwenya, Sikhulile Moyo, Odile Sauzet, Lucy Mupfumi
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132
Community-based actions in consulates: a new paradigm for opportunities for systematic integration in Chagas disease detection
BMC Infectious Diseases, 3.12.2023
Tilføjet 3.12.2023
Abstract Research has shown that multidimensional approaches to Chagas disease (CD), integrating its biomedical and psycho-socio-cultural components, are successful in enhancing early access to diagnosis, treatment and sustainable follow-up. For the first time, a consulate was selected for a community-based CD detection campaign. Two different strategies were designed, implemented and compared between 2021 and 2022 at the Consulate General of Bolivia and a reference health facility in Barcelona open to all Bolivians in Catalonia. Strategy 1 consisted in CD awareness-raising activities before referring those interested to the reference facility for infectious disease screening. Strategy 2 offered additional in-situ serological CD screening. Most of the 307 participants were Bolivian women residents in Barcelona. In strategy 1, 73 people (35.8% of those who were offered the test) were screened and 19.2% of them were diagnosed with CD. Additionally, 53,4% completed their vaccination schedules and 28.8% were treated for other parasitic infections (strongyloidiasis, giardiasis, eosinophilia, syphilis). In strategy 2, 103 people were screened in-situ (100% of those who were offered the test) and 13.5% received a CD diagnosis. 21,4% completed their vaccination schedule at the reference health facility and 2,9% were referred for iron deficiency anemia, strongyloidiasis or chronic hepatitis C. The fact that the screening took place in an official workplace of representatives of their own country, together with the presence of community-based participants fueled trust and increased CD understanding. Each of the strategies assessed had different benefits. Opportunities for systematic integration for CD based on community action in consulates may enhance early access to diagnosis, care and disease prevention.
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133
Effects of entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with chronic hepatitis B
BMC Infectious Diseases, 3.12.2023
Tilføjet 3.12.2023
Abstract Background Whether different anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) drugs have different effects on COVID-19 is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of COVID-19 in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving anti-HBV treatment, and to compare the impact of entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on the severity of COVID-19. Methods CHB outpatients were enrolled from December 2022 to February 2023. Questionnaires were used to collect whether subjects were currently or previously had COVID-19 within the past 2 months, and the information of symptoms, duration, and severity if infected. Results Six hundred thirty CHB patients were enrolled, 64.3% (405/630) patients were currently or previously had COVID-19. No COVID-19 patient required hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, oxygen support or died. Majority of patients reported mild (32.8% [133/405]) and moderate (48.1% [195/405]) symptoms. After propensity score matching, 400 matched patients were obtained (ETV: 238; TDF: 162), among which the incidences of COVID-19 were comparable between ETV and TDF-treated patients (60.1% [143/238] vs. 64.2% [104/162], p = 0.468). The proportion of patients complicated with any symptom caused by COVID-19 were also similar (ETV vs. TDF: 90.9% [130/143] vs. 91.3% [95/104], p = 1.000). In addition, the severity of overall symptom was comparable between ETV and TDF-treated patients, in terms of proportion of patients complicated with severe symptom (9.8% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.989), symptom duration (4.3 vs. 4.3 days, p = 0.927), and symptom severity score (4.1 vs. 4.0, p = 0.758). Subgroup analysis supported these results. Conclusions During the current pandemic, the vast majority of CHB patients experienced non-severe COVID-19, and ETV and TDF did not affect COVID-19 severity differently.
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134
Community-based actions in consulates: a new paradigm for opportunities for systematic integration in Chagas disease detection
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
Abstract Research has shown that multidimensional approaches to Chagas disease (CD), integrating its biomedical and psycho-socio-cultural components, are successful in enhancing early access to diagnosis, treatment and sustainable follow-up. For the first time, a consulate was selected for a community-based CD detection campaign. Two different strategies were designed, implemented and compared between 2021 and 2022 at the Consulate General of Bolivia and a reference health facility in Barcelona open to all Bolivians in Catalonia. Strategy 1 consisted in CD awareness-raising activities before referring those interested to the reference facility for infectious disease screening. Strategy 2 offered additional in-situ serological CD screening. Most of the 307 participants were Bolivian women residents in Barcelona. In strategy 1, 73 people (35.8% of those who were offered the test) were screened and 19.2% of them were diagnosed with CD. Additionally, 53,4% completed their vaccination schedules and 28.8% were treated for other parasitic infections (strongyloidiasis, giardiasis, eosinophilia, syphilis). In strategy 2, 103 people were screened in-situ (100% of those who were offered the test) and 13.5% received a CD diagnosis. 21,4% completed their vaccination schedule at the reference health facility and 2,9% were referred for iron deficiency anemia, strongyloidiasis or chronic hepatitis C. The fact that the screening took place in an official workplace of representatives of their own country, together with the presence of community-based participants fueled trust and increased CD understanding. Each of the strategies assessed had different benefits. Opportunities for systematic integration for CD based on community action in consulates may enhance early access to diagnosis, care and disease prevention.
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135
Community-based actions in consulates: a new paradigm for opportunities for systematic integration in Chagas disease detection
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
Abstract Research has shown that multidimensional approaches to Chagas disease (CD), integrating its biomedical and psycho-socio-cultural components, are successful in enhancing early access to diagnosis, treatment and sustainable follow-up. For the first time, a consulate was selected for a community-based CD detection campaign. Two different strategies were designed, implemented and compared between 2021 and 2022 at the Consulate General of Bolivia and a reference health facility in Barcelona open to all Bolivians in Catalonia. Strategy 1 consisted in CD awareness-raising activities before referring those interested to the reference facility for infectious disease screening. Strategy 2 offered additional in-situ serological CD screening. Most of the 307 participants were Bolivian women residents in Barcelona. In strategy 1, 73 people (35.8% of those who were offered the test) were screened and 19.2% of them were diagnosed with CD. Additionally, 53,4% completed their vaccination schedules and 28.8% were treated for other parasitic infections (strongyloidiasis, giardiasis, eosinophilia, syphilis). In strategy 2, 103 people were screened in-situ (100% of those who were offered the test) and 13.5% received a CD diagnosis. 21,4% completed their vaccination schedule at the reference health facility and 2,9% were referred for iron deficiency anemia, strongyloidiasis or chronic hepatitis C. The fact that the screening took place in an official workplace of representatives of their own country, together with the presence of community-based participants fueled trust and increased CD understanding. Each of the strategies assessed had different benefits. Opportunities for systematic integration for CD based on community action in consulates may enhance early access to diagnosis, care and disease prevention.
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136
Effects of entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with chronic hepatitis B
BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.12.2023
Tilføjet 1.12.2023
Abstract Background Whether different anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) drugs have different effects on COVID-19 is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of COVID-19 in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving anti-HBV treatment, and to compare the impact of entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on the severity of COVID-19. Methods CHB outpatients were enrolled from December 2022 to February 2023. Questionnaires were used to collect whether subjects were currently or previously had COVID-19 within the past 2 months, and the information of symptoms, duration, and severity if infected. Results Six hundred thirty CHB patients were enrolled, 64.3% (405/630) patients were currently or previously had COVID-19. No COVID-19 patient required hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, oxygen support or died. Majority of patients reported mild (32.8% [133/405]) and moderate (48.1% [195/405]) symptoms. After propensity score matching, 400 matched patients were obtained (ETV: 238; TDF: 162), among which the incidences of COVID-19 were comparable between ETV and TDF-treated patients (60.1% [143/238] vs. 64.2% [104/162], p = 0.468). The proportion of patients complicated with any symptom caused by COVID-19 were also similar (ETV vs. TDF: 90.9% [130/143] vs. 91.3% [95/104], p = 1.000). In addition, the severity of overall symptom was comparable between ETV and TDF-treated patients, in terms of proportion of patients complicated with severe symptom (9.8% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.989), symptom duration (4.3 vs. 4.3 days, p = 0.927), and symptom severity score (4.1 vs. 4.0, p = 0.758). Subgroup analysis supported these results. Conclusions During the current pandemic, the vast majority of CHB patients experienced non-severe COVID-19, and ETV and TDF did not affect COVID-19 severity differently.
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137
Correction: Usability, acceptability, and self-reported impact of an innovative hepatitis C risk reduction intervention for men have sex with men: A mixed methods study
Tamara Prinsenberg, Joël Illidge, Paul Zantkuijl, Maarten Bedert, Maria Prins, Marc van de r Valk, Udi Davidovich
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
by Tamara Prinsenberg, Joël Illidge, Paul Zantkuijl, Maarten Bedert, Maria Prins, Marc van de r Valk, Udi Davidovich
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138
Nucleolin binds to and regulates transcription of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA minichromosome
Yuchen XiaXiaoming ChengTobias NilssonMin ZhangGaihong ZhaoTadashi InuzukaYan TengYao LiD. Eric AndersonMeghan HoldorfT. Jake LiangaLiver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892bState Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, ChinacDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608dAdvanced Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
139
Changes and gaps of global and regional disease burden of hepatitis B infection in children younger than 5 years old between 2015 and 2019: A real‐world data review
Chao Wang, Sihui Zhang, Jun Zhao, Mingting Wang, Qing‐Bin Lu, Bei Liu, Juan Du, Fuqiang Cui
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
140
Assessment of hepatitis B virus infection and interhost cellular responses using intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids
Chuan K. Lim, Ornella Romeo, Bang M. Tran, Dustin J. Flanagan, Emily N. Kirby, Erin M. McCartney, Edmund Tse, Elizabeth Vincan, Michael R. Beard
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
141
Long-term hepatitis B and liver outcomes among adults taking tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy for HBV/HIV coinfection in Zambia
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundLong-term outcomes of tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HBV/HIV coinfection were evaluated in Zambia.MethodsA prospective cohort of adults with HIV and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positivity was enrolled at ART (included tenofovir DF + lamivudine) initiation. On therapy, we ascertained HBV viral load (VL) non-suppression, ALT elevation, serologic end-points, progression of liver fibrosis, based on elastography, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence. We also described a subgroup (low HBV VL and no/minimal fibrosis at baseline) that, under current international guidelines, would not have been treated in the absence of their HIV infection.ResultsAmong 289 participants, at ART start, median age was 34 years, 40·1% were women, median CD4 count was 191 cells/mm3, 44·2% were hepatitis B e antigen-positive, and 28·4% had liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Over median 5.91 years of ART, 13·6% developed HBV viral non-suppression, which was associated with advanced HIV disease. ALT elevation on ART was linked with HBV VL non-suppression. Regression of fibrosis and cirrhosis were common, progression to cirrhosis was absent, and no cases of HCC were ascertained. HBsAg seroclearance was 9·4% at 2 and 15·4% at 5 years, with higher rates among patients with low baseline HBV replication markers.DiscussionReassuring long-term liver outcomes were ascertained during tenofovir-based ART for HBV/HIV coinfection in Zambia. Higher than expected HBsAg seroclearance during ART underscores the need to include people with HIV in HBV cure research.
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142
Opportunistic treatment of hepatitis C infection among hospitalized people who inject drugs (OPPORTUNI-C): A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy of opportunistic treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among hospitalized people who inject drugs (PWID).MethodsWe performed a pragmatic, stepped wedge cluster randomized trial recruiting HCV RNA positive individuals admitted for inpatient care in departments of internal medicine, addiction medicine, and psychiatry at three hospitals in Oslo, Norway. Seven departments were sequentially randomized to change from control conditions (standard of care referral to outpatient care) to intervention conditions (immediate treatment initiation). The primary outcome was treatment completion, defined as dispensing the final package of the prescribed treatment within six months after enrolment.ResultsA total of 200 HCV RNA positive individuals were enrolled between 1 October 2019 and 31 December 2021 (mean age 47.4 years, 72.5% male, 60.5% injected past 3 months, 20.4% cirrhosis). Treatment completion was accomplished by 67 of 98 (68.4% [95% CI 58.2-77.4]) during intervention conditions and by 36 of 102 (35.3% [95% CI 26.1-45.4]) during control conditions (risk difference 33.1% [95% CI 20.0-46.2]; risk ratio 1.9 [95% CI 1.4-2.6]). The intervention was superior in terms of treatment completion (aOR 4.8 [95% CI 1.8-12.8]; p = 0.002) and time to treatment initiation (aHR 4.0 [95% CI 2.5-6.3]; p
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143
Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with lower risk of hepatitis B virus infection: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study in East Asian population
Wei Li, Hua Zhang, Ao Ren, Wei Fan, Qiong Qin, Ling Zhao, Ruidong Ma, Qiufeng Peng, Shiqiao Luo
Journal of Medical Virology, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
144
[Editorial] Drug decriminalisation: grounding policy in evidence
The Lancet
Lancet, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
The Global Commission on Drug Policy\'s latest report, published ahead of World AIDS Day on Dec 1, describes decriminalisation of drug use as an essential precursor to ending HIV and viral hepatitis as public health threats. Since its formation in 2011 by political, economic, and cultural leaders, the Commission has advocated for decriminalisation as part of a rights-based approach to drug policy, rooted in scientific evidence and principles of public health, to minimise the harms arising from drug use.
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145
Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today: Hospital admissions as an opportunity to treat hepatitis C
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
146
Public healthcare system utilization for chronic hepatitis C infection in Vietnam
BMC Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Abstract Background Healthcare utilization is typically adversely affected when the treatment is expensive and requires multiple visits. We examined the determinants of healthcare-seeking for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which is asymptomatic, chronic, and requires costly treatment in an urban tertiary care referral hospital in Vietnam. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of hospital data for patients attending the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between 2017 and 2020 specifically for HCV infection treatment. Poisson regression was used to determine the effect of personal factors (age, sex, comorbidities) and structural factors (health insurance, proximity to the facility, seasonality, year of visit) on the number of hospital visits. Results From 2017 to 2020 a total of 22,052 eligible patients sought treatment in the hospital. Among the patients, 50.4% were males and 58.7% were > 50 years of age. The mean number of visits per person was 2.17. In the multivariate analysis compared to 2017, the number of hospital visits increased by 4% in 2018 and then significantly decreased in 2019 and 2020. Visit numbers were significantly lower (6%) among South East region residents compared to those from Central Highlands and for those who lived further away from the hospital. The visit numbers were significantly higher among older age groups (5–11%), those with health insurance (6%), and those with comorbidities (5%) compared to others. Although the number of hospital visits by females was higher (7%) than males in 2017, it significantly decreased in subsequent years. Conclusions Our study indicated that there are both structural and individual factors affecting the number of visits for HCV treatment. To meet the global strategy for elimination of HCV, Vietnam Government needs to address the structural and personal barriers to healthcare seeking, with a special focus on women.
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147
Genetic diversity, haplotype analysis, and prevalence of Hepatitis B virus MHR mutations among isolates from Kenyan blood donors
Benard Kibet Langat, Kevin Omondi Ochwedo, Jamie Borlang, Carla Osiowy, Alex Mutai, Fredrick Okoth, Edward Muge, Anton Andonov, Elijah Songok Maritim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
by Benard Kibet Langat, Kevin Omondi Ochwedo, Jamie Borlang, Carla Osiowy, Alex Mutai, Fredrick Okoth, Edward Muge, Anton Andonov, Elijah Songok Maritim Background The rapid spread of HBV has resulted in the emergence of new variants. These viral genotypes and variants, in addition to carcinogenic risk, can be key predictors of therapy response and outcomes. As a result, a better knowledge of these emerging HBV traits will aid in the development of a treatment for HBV infection. However, many Sub-Saharan African nations, including Kenya, have insufficient molecular data on HBV strains circulating locally. This study conducted a population-genetics analysis to evaluate the genetic diversity of HBV among Kenyan blood donors. In addition, within the same cohort, the incidence and features of immune-associated escape mutations and stop-codons in Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were determined. Methods In September 2015 to October 2016, 194 serum samples were obtained from HBsAg-positive blood donors residing in eleven different Kenyan counties: Kisumu, Machakos, Uasin Gishu, Nairobi, Nakuru, Embu, Garissa, Kisii, Mombasa, Nyeri, and Turkana. For the HBV surface (S) gene, HBV DNA was isolated, amplified, and sequenced. The sequences obtained were utilized to investigate the genetic and haplotype diversity within the S genes. Results Among the blood donors, 74.74% were male, and the overall mean age was 25.36 years. HBV genotype A1 (88.14%) was the most common, followed by genotype D (10.82%), genotype C (0.52%), and HBV genotype E (0.52%). The phylogenetic analysis revealed twelve major clades, with cluster III comprising solely of 68 blood donor isolates (68/194-35.05%). A high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.94) and low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.02) were observed. Kisumu county had high number of haplotypes (22), but low haplotype (gene) diversity (Hd = 0.90). Generally, a total of 90 haplotypes with some consisting of more than one sequence were observed. The gene exhibited negative values for Tajima’s D (-2.04, p
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148
Histomolecular characterisation of hepatitis B virus induced liver cancer
Adane Adugna;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated liver cancer is the third most prevalent cancer‐related cause of death worldwide. Different studies have been done on the histomolecular analysis of HBV induced‐liver cancer including epigenetics which are dynamic molecular mechanisms to control gene expression without altering the host deoxyribonucleic acid, genomics characterise the integration of the viral genome with host genome, proteomics characterise how gene modifies and results overexpression of proteins, glycoproteomics discover different glyco‐biomarker candidates and show glycosylation in malignant hepatocytes, metabolomics characterise how HBV impairs a variety of metabolic functions during hepatocyte immortalisation, exosomes characterise immortalised liver cells in terms of their differentiation and proliferation, and autophagy plays a role in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis linked to HBV infection.
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149
A monoclonal antibody activating AdipoR for type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Naomi Asahara, Miki Okada-Iwabu, Masato Iwabu, Kouichi Wada, Kozo Oka, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Takashi Kadowaki
Science Advances, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
150
Noninvasive diagnosis of significant liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the indeterminate phase
Jie ZhanJian WangZhiyi ZhangRuifei XueSuling JiangJiacheng LiuYilin LiuLi ZhuJuan XiaXiaomin YanWeimao DingChuanwu ZhuYuanwang QiuJie LiRui HuangChao Wua Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinab Department of General Practice, Jiangpu Street Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinac Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinad Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinae Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinaf Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Chinag Department of Hepatology, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, Chinah Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
Virulence, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023