47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (pneumoni) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
310 emner vises.
101
Study protocol: infectious diseases consortium (I3D) for study on integrated and innovative approaches for management of respiratory infections: respiratory infections research and outcome study (RESPIRO)
BMC Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Abstract Background Community-acquired respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and death globally. The aetiologies of community-acquired pneumonia remain poorly defined. The RESPIRO study is an ongoing prospective observational cohort study aimed at developing pragmatic logistical and analytic platforms to accurately identify the causes of moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults and understand the factors influencing disease caused by individual pathogens. The study is currently underway in Singapore and has plans for expansion into the broader region. Methods RESPIRO is being conducted at three major tertiary hospitals in Singapore. Adults hospitalised with acute community-acquired pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infections, based on established clinical, laboratory and radiological criteria, will be recruited. Over the course of the illness, clinical data and biological samples will be collected longitudinally and stored in a biorepository for future analysis. Discussion The RESPIRO study is designed to be hypothesis generating, complementary to and easily integrated with other research projects and clinical trials. The detailed clinical database and biorepository will yield insights into the epidemiology and outcomes of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in Singapore and the surrounding region and offers the opportunity to deeply characterise the microbiology and immunopathology of community-acquired pneumonia.
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102
An analysis of differences in Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in different regions: a multicenter cross-sectional study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.01.2024
Tilføjet 22.01.2024
Abstract Objective This study aimed to explore the characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) in different regions of Henan Province to provide evidence for the targeted prevention and treatment of CRE. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. CRE screening was conducted in the ICUs of 78 hospitals in Henan Province, China, on March 10, 2021. The patients were divided into provincial capital hospitals and nonprovincial capital hospitals for comparative analysis. Results This study involved 1009 patients in total, of whom 241 were CRE-positive patients, 92 were in the provincial capital hospital and 149 were in the nonprovincial capital hospital. Provincial capital hospitals had a higher rate of CRE positivity, and there was a significant difference in the rate of CRE positivity between the two groups. The body temperature; immunosuppressed state; transfer from the ICU to other hospitals; and use of enemas, arterial catheters, carbapenems, or tigecycline at the provincial capital hospital were greater than those at the nonprovincial capital hospital (P
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103
Effect of COVID-19 on infections associated with medical devices in critical care
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.01.2024
Tilføjet 22.01.2024
Abstract Objectives This study explores the hypothesis that COVID-19 patients are at a heightened risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) associated with medical device usage compared to non-COVID-19 patients. Our primary objective was to investigate the correlation between COVID-19 infection in ICU patients and subsequent HAIs following invasive medical device insertion. Additionally, we aim to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on onset times concerning specific microorganisms and the type of medical device, providing valuable insights into this intricate relationship in intensive care settings. Methodology A retrospective cohort study was conducted using ICU patient records at our hospital from 2020 to 2022. This investigation entailed evaluating the timing of HAIs while distinguishing between patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identified and analyzed the type of isolation and infection attributed to the medical device while controlling for ICU duration and ventilator days using Cox regression. Results Our study included 127 patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection and 140 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings indicated a higher incidence of HAI caused by various microorganisms associated with any medical device in patients with SARS-CoV-2 (HR = 6.86; 95% CI-95%: 3.26–14.43; p
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104
Daptomycin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target in staphylococcal infections
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 22.01.2024
Tilføjet 22.01.2024
105
Is a high baseline inflammatory burden the major driver in causing daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia and muscular toxicity?
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 22.01.2024
Tilføjet 22.01.2024
106
Pathology and monkeypox virus localization in tissues from immunocompromised patients with severe or fatal mpox
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Abstract Background Pathology and monkeypox virus (MPXV) tissue tropism in severe and fatal human mpox is not thoroughly described but can help elucidate the disease pathogenesis and the role of coinfections in immunocompromised patients.Methods We analyzed biopsy and autopsy tissues from 22 patients with severe or fatal outcomes to characterize pathology and viral antigen and DNA distribution in tissues by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Tissue-based testing for coinfections was also performed.Results Mucocutaneous lesions showed necrotizing and proliferative epithelial changes. Deceased patients with autopsy tissues evaluated had digestive tract lesions, and half had systemic tissue necrosis with thrombotic vasculopathy in lymphoid tissues, lung, or other solid organs. Half also had bronchopneumonia, and one-third had acute lung injury. All cases had MPXV antigen and DNA detected in tissues. Coinfections were identified in 5/16 (31%) biopsy and 4/6 (67%) autopsy cases.Discussion Severe mpox in immunocompromised patients is characterized by extensive viral infection of tissues and viremic dissemination that can progress despite available therapeutics. Digestive tract and lung involvement are common and associated with prominent histopathological and clinical manifestations. Coinfections may complicate mpox diagnosis and treatment. Significant viral DNA (likely correlating to infectious virus) in tissues necessitates enhanced biosafety measures in healthcare and autopsy settings.
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107
Uncovering the burden of Influenza in children in Portugal, 2008–2018
BMC Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Abstract Background Despite their higher risk of developing severe disease, little is known about the burden of influenza in Portugal in children aged
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108
Cost-effectiveness of linezolid to ventilator-associated pneumonia in Colombia
BMC Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Introduction Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Due to the increase in Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, it is important to consider other more effective and safer alternatives compared to vancomycin. This motivates evaluating whether the use of an apparently more expensive drug such as linezolid can be cost-effective in Colombia. Methods A decision tree was used to simulate the results in terms of the cost and proportion of cured patients. In the simulation, patients can receive antibiotic treatment with linezolid (LZD 600 mg IV/12 h) or vancomycin (VCM 15 mg/kg iv/12 h) for 7 days, patients they can experience events adverse (renal failure and thrombocytopenia). The model was analyzed probabilistically, and a value of information analysis was conducted to inform the value of conducting further research to reduce current uncertainties in the evidence base. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) value of US$5180. Results The mean incremental cost of LZD versus VCM is US$-517. This suggests that LZD is less costly. The proportion of patients cured when treated with LZD compared with VCM is 53 vs. 43%, respectively. The mean incremental benefit of LZD versus VCM is 10 This position of absolute dominance (LZD has lower costs and higher proportion of clinical cure than no supplementation) is unnecessary to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. There is uncertainty with a 0.999 probability that LZD is more cost-effective than VCM. Our base‐case results were robust to variations in all assumptions and parameters. Conclusion LNZ is a cost-effective strategy for patients, ≥ 18 years of age, with VAP in Colombia- Our study provides evidence that can be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines.
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109
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in people living with HIV: a review
Emily G. McDonaldAvideh AfsharBander AssiriTom BoylesJimmy M. HsuNinh KhuongConnor ProstyMiranda SoZahra N. SohaniGuillaume Butler-LaporteTodd C. Lee1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada2Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada3Canadian Medication Appropriateness and Deprescribing Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada4Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada5Right to Care, NPC, Centurion, South Africa6London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom7Sinai Health System-University Health Network Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada8Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada9Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
110
D-dimer levels to exclude pulmonary embolism and reduce the need for CT angiography in COVID-19 in an outpatient population
Anita Kovács, Dóra Hantosi, Nikoletta Szabó, Annamária Letoha, Csaba Lengyel, Imre Földesi, Katalin Burián, András Palkó, Dániel Veréb, Zsigmond Tamás Kincses
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
by Anita Kovács, Dóra Hantosi, Nikoletta Szabó, Annamária Letoha, Csaba Lengyel, Imre Földesi, Katalin Burián, András Palkó, Dániel Veréb, Zsigmond Tamás Kincses Objectives Emerging results indicate that, in COVID-19, thromboembolic complications contribute to the high mortality and morbidity. Previous research showed that the prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) is between 25–50% in COVID-19 patients, however, most of these reports are based on data from patients with severe pneumonia, treated in intensive care units. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center, observational study to estimate the prevalence of PE in COVID-19 patients who underwent CT angiography and to identify the most important predictors.Adult outpatients with COVID-19, who presented at our COVID Outpatient Clinic between 1st and 31st of March in 2021 and underwent CTA examination were included in this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of PE in COVID-19 patients. The predictors were: age, gender, disease duration, CT severity index and log-transformed quantitative D-dimer (logQDDIM) value. Results 843 COVID-19 patients were included into the study. 82.56% (693 patients) of the infected patients had a pulmonary CTA examination and D-dimer levels (mean age: 59.82 years ± 15.66). 7.61% (53 patients) of the patients had PE. 2.02% (14 patients) of the patients had main branch or lobar PE.The multiple regression analysis found that only logQDDIM was a significant predictor. A logQDDIM cut-off value of 0.0169 (1.0171 ug/ml serum D-dimer) predicted PE with 99% sensitivity (p
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111
A Phase 3 Randomized Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Japanese Infants
Yasunori Ishihara, Mitsuru Fukazawa, Shinya Enomoto, Richard de Solom, Masako Yamaji, Mary Kline, Masakazu Aizawa, Yahong Peng, Osamu Kogawara, Peter C. Giardina, Noor Tamimi, William C. Gruber, Wendy Watson
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, and acute otitis media [1–3]. Serious pneumococcal disease may occur at any age; however, children
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112
Occurrence and characteristics of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and pAmpC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from companion animals with urinary tract infections
Megan Min Yi Lee, Nan-Ling Kuan, Zhi-Yi Li, Kuang-Sheng Yeh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
by Megan Min Yi Lee, Nan-Ling Kuan, Zhi-Yi Li, Kuang-Sheng Yeh This study examined 70 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates derived from companion animals with urinary tract infections in Taiwan. Overall, 81% (57/70) of the isolates carried extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC) genes. ESBL genes were detected in 19 samples, with blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9, and blaSHV being the predominant groups. pAmpC genes were detected in 56 isolates, with blaCIT and blaDHA being the predominant groups. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that sequence types (ST)11, ST15, and ST655 were prevalent. wabG, uge, entB, mrkD, and fimH were identified as primary virulence genes. Two isolates demonstrated a hypermucoviscosity phenotype in the string test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing exhibited high resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones in ESBL-positive isolates but low resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and carbapenems. Isolates carrying pAmpC genes exhibited resistance to penicillin-class β-lactams. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of K. pneumoniae in the context of the concept of One Health.
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113
Streptococcus pneumoniae secretion chaperones PrsA, SlrA, and HtrA are required for competence, antibiotic resistance, colonization, and invasive disease
Jada L. GeorgeCharles AgbavorLeah F. CaboLaty A. Cahoon1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, Kimberly A. Kline
Infection and Immunity, 16.01.2024
Tilføjet 16.01.2024
114
Publisher Correction: Psittacosis caused severe community-acquired pneumonia accompanied by acute hypoxic respiratory failure: a multicenter retrospective cohort study from China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
115
Shorter antitubercular therapy for extrapulmonary tuberculosis - a case report
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Introduction Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) adds to India’s significant economic burden, with pericardial effusion being a potentially fatal complication. This case report highlights the need for early diagnosis and the feasibility of shorter-duration treatment for EPTB in developing countries. Presentation This case report describes a 19-year-old male from Southeast Asia who had a history of bronchiectasis involving the left lower lobe and the right middle lobe, which was cystic in nature, as well as multiple episodes of non-tuberculous pneumonia. Currently, he presented with fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and acute kidney injury. Echocardiogram showed left ventricular dysfunction with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 45% and moderate pericardial effusion. Early signs of cardiac tamponade were noted, specifically the absence of respiratory variation in the right ventricle and left ventricle collapse. Emergent pericardiocentesis was performed, and hemorrhagic pericardial fluid was aspirated. Fluid analysis revealed high levels of LDH (5000 U/L), polymorphonuclear leukocytosis, and acid-fast bacilli that were visualized on microscopy, which led to the diagnosis of pericardial tuberculosis. A CT of the abdomen showed hepatosplenomegaly and polyserositis. Empirically, antitubercular therapy consisting of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol was administered for 2 months and isoniazid along with rifampicin was given for the next 4 months. Serial echocardiograms in the following months showed an improvement in LVEF (55%) and decreased effusion. However, during this treatment period, due to frequent episodes of pneumonia, the evaluation of immunodeficiency disorders was performed and revealed low levels of IgG (4.741 g/L), IgA (0.238 g/L), and IgM (0.098 g/L). He was diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency disease and received intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Conclusion This report emphasizes the timely identification of cardiac tamponade and the effective management of EPTB through a shorter-than-recommended course of antitubercular therapy, resulting in the alleviation of symptoms and better overall health outcomes.
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116
Retrospective database analysis for clinical diagnoses commonly associated with pneumococcal diseases in the Malaysian healthcare system over a 3-year period (2013–2015)
BMC Infectious Diseases, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
Abstract Background Pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of morbidity and mortality across all ages, particularly in younger children and older adults. Here, we describe pneumococcal disease hospitalizations at Ministry of Health (MoH) facilities in Malaysia between 2013 and 2015. Methods This was a retrospective databases analysis. Tabular data from the Malaysian Health Data Warehouse (MyHDW) were used to identify microbiologically confirmed, pneumococcal disease hospitalizations and deaths during hospitalization, using hospital-assigned ICD-10 codes (i.e., classified as meningitis, pneumonia, or non-meningitis non-pneumonia). Case counts, mortality counts, and case fatality rates were reported by patient age group and by Malaysian geographic region. Results A total of 683 pneumococcal disease hospitalizations were identified from the analysis: 53 pneumococcal meningitis hospitalizations (5 deaths and 48 discharges), 413 pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations (24 deaths and 389 discharges), and 205 non-meningitis non-pneumonia pneumococcal disease hospitalizations (58 deaths and 147 discharges). Most hospitalizations occurred in children aged
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117
Pseudomonas fluorescens pneumonia
Hiroshi Ishii, Hisako Kushima, Yohei Koide, Yoshiaki Kinoshita
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) is a Gram-negative rod that is widely distributed in moist environments. P. fluorescens is less virulent than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and is thought to be non-pathogenic to healthy individuals [1]. Although P. fluorescens can be repeatedly cultured from respiratory specimens [2–5], its pathological significance is unknown. Although there have been reports of opportunistic infections caused by P. fluorescens in immunosuppressed patients, including those with advanced cancer, most of these have been bloodstream infections [1,6,7], with very few reports of pneumonia alone [8,9].
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118
Infectious complications following major heart surgery from the day of the surgery to hospital discharge
BMC Infectious Diseases, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
Abstract Background At some point in their lives, many people will require major heart surgery (MHS). Patients are generally older adults with various risk factors for infection. However, the incidence of infection after MHS is poorly known, as reported infection data are frequently biased due to different factors like the surgical procedure, postoperative timing, and infectious syndromes or etiologic agents, among others. In addition, most patient data are retrospectively obtained. Purpose and methods Data were prospectively collected regarding the incidence of all nosocomial infections produced from the time of surgery to hospital discharge in a cohort of 800 adults consecutively undergoing a MHS procedure. Results During postoperative hospitalization, 124 of the 800 participants developed one or more infections (15.5%): during their ICU stay in 68 patients (54.8%), during their stay on the general ward post ICU in 50 (40.3%), and during their stay in both wards in 6 (4.8%). The most common infections were pneumonia (related or not to mechanical ventilation), surgical site and bloodstream. As etiological agents, 193 pathogens were isolated: mostly Gram-negative bacilli (54.4%), followed by Gram-positive bacteria (30%), viruses (4.6%) and fungi (1.5%). In our cohort, all-cause mortality was recorded in 33 participants (4.1%) and 9 infection-related deaths (1.1%) were produced. Among subjects who developed infections, overall mortality was 13.7% and in those who did not, this was only 2.3%. Conclusion Infection following MHS remains frequent and severe. Our data suggest that hospital-acquired infection studies should consider episodes of infection in all populations during their entire hospital stay and not only those related to specific clinical syndromes or acquired while the patient is in intensive care.
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119
Moderate Exercise Modulates Inflammatory Responses and Improves Survival in a Murine Model of Acute Pneumonia
Vermeersch, Veronique; Léon, Karelle; Caillard, Anais; Szczesnowski, Amandine; Albacete, Gaëlle; Marec, Nadege; Tissier, Florine; Gilbert, Guillaume; Droguet, Mickael; Marcorelles, Pascale; Giroux-Metges, Marie-Agnes; Huet, Olivier
Critical Care Medicine, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
Objectives: An association between physical inactivity and worse outcome during infectious disease has been reported. The effect of moderate exercise preconditioning on the immune response during an acute pneumonia in a murine model was evaluated. Setting: Laboratory experiments. Subjects: C57BL6/j male mice. Interventions: Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided in two groups: an exercise group and a control group. In the exercise group, a moderate, progressive, and standardized physical exercise was applied for 8 weeks. It consisted in a daily treadmill training lasting 60 minutes and with an intensity of 65% of the maximal theoretical oxygen uptake. Usual housing recommendation were applied in the control group during the same period. After 8 weeks, pneumonia was induced in both groups by intratracheal instillation of a fixed concentration of a Klebsiella pneumoniae (5 × 103 colony-forming unit) solution. Measurements and Main Results: Mice preconditioned by physical exercise had a less sever onset of pneumonia as shown by a significant decrease of the Mouse Clinical Assessment Severity Score and had a significantly lower mortality compared with the control group (27% vs. 83%; p = 0.019). In the exercise group, we observed a significantly earlier but transient recruitment of inflammatory immune cells with a significant increase of neutrophils, CD4+ cells and interstitial macrophages counts compared with control group. Lung tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly decreased at 48 hours after pneumonia induction in the exercise group compared with the control group. Conclusions: In our model, preconditioning by moderate physical exercise improves outcome by reducing the severity of acute pneumonia with an increased but transient activation of the innate immune response.
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120
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children
Dodi Safari, Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat, Jennifer L. Milucky, Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri, Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari, Wisnu Tafroji, Korrie Salsabila, Yayah Winarti, Amin Soebandrio, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Ari Prayitno, Lana Childs, Fabiana C. Pimenta, Maria da Gloria Carvalho, Tamara Pilishvili
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Dodi Safari, Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat, Jennifer L. Milucky, Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri, Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari, Wisnu Tafroji, Korrie Salsabila, Yayah Winarti, Amin Soebandrio, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Ari Prayitno, Lana Childs, Fabiana C. Pimenta, Maria da Gloria Carvalho, Tamara Pilishvili Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent nasopharyngeal colonization with vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to reduced transmission of pneumococci and stronger population-level impact of PCVs. In 2017 we conducted a cross-sectional pneumococcal carriage study in Indonesia among children aged
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121
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children
Dodi Safari, Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat, Jennifer L. Milucky, Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri, Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari, Wisnu Tafroji, Korrie Salsabila, Yayah Winarti, Amin Soebandrio, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Ari Prayitno, Lana Childs, Fabiana C. Pimenta, Maria da Gloria Carvalho, Tamara Pilishvili
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Dodi Safari, Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat, Jennifer L. Milucky, Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri, Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari, Wisnu Tafroji, Korrie Salsabila, Yayah Winarti, Amin Soebandrio, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Ari Prayitno, Lana Childs, Fabiana C. Pimenta, Maria da Gloria Carvalho, Tamara Pilishvili Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent nasopharyngeal colonization with vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to reduced transmission of pneumococci and stronger population-level impact of PCVs. In 2017 we conducted a cross-sectional pneumococcal carriage study in Indonesia among children aged
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122
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children
Dodi Safari, Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat, Jennifer L. Milucky, Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri, Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari, Wisnu Tafroji, Korrie Salsabila, Yayah Winarti, Amin Soebandrio, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Ari Prayitno, Lana Childs, Fabiana C. Pimenta, Maria da Gloria Carvalho, Tamara Pilishvili
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Dodi Safari, Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat, Jennifer L. Milucky, Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri, Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari, Wisnu Tafroji, Korrie Salsabila, Yayah Winarti, Amin Soebandrio, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Ari Prayitno, Lana Childs, Fabiana C. Pimenta, Maria da Gloria Carvalho, Tamara Pilishvili Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent nasopharyngeal colonization with vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to reduced transmission of pneumococci and stronger population-level impact of PCVs. In 2017 we conducted a cross-sectional pneumococcal carriage study in Indonesia among children aged
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123
Aerobic glycolysis of bronchial epithelial cells rewires Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and promotes bacterial elimination
Jun HeFeichen XiuYiwen ChenYan YangHongwei LiuYixuan XiLu LiuXinru LiYueyue WuHaodang LuoLiesong ChenNan DingJun HuEn ChenXiaoxing You1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China2Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, China3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China4Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China5Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China6Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China, Kimberly A. Kline
Infection and Immunity, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
124
Correction: Nutritional analysis and characterization of carbapenemase producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant genes associated with bovine mastitis infected cow’s milk
Mr. Saddam, Muddasir Khan, Muhsin Jamal, Sadeeq Ur Rahman, Abdul Qadeer, Imad Khan, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Syed Hussain Shah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Mr. Saddam, Muddasir Khan, Muhsin Jamal, Sadeeq Ur Rahman, Abdul Qadeer, Imad Khan, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Syed Hussain Shah
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125
Factors associated with an increased risk of developing pneumonia during acute ischemic stroke hospitalization
Pornpong Jitpratoom, Adhiratha Boonyasiri
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Pornpong Jitpratoom, Adhiratha Boonyasiri Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a common complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This single-center retrospective observational study aimed to identify factors associated with SAP and predictors of poor outcomes in hospitalized patients with AIS. The study included patients admitted to Chumphon Khet Udomsakdi Hospital in Thailand within 7 days of the onset of AIS between July 2019 and July 2020. The patients were divided according to whether they were diagnosed with SAP during hospitalization into a pneumonia group and a non-pneumonia (control) group. Factors associated with SAP were identified. After 3 months, the patients with AIS were divided into those with a poor outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] score ≥4) and those with a non-poor outcome (mRS score
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126
Cytomegalovirus detection is associated with ICU admission in non-AIDS and AIDS patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Alexandre Perret, Marion Le Marechal, Raphaele Germi, Daniele Maubon, Cécile Garnaud, Johan Noble, Aude Boignard, Loïc Falque, Mathieu Meunier, Théophile Gerster, Olivier Epaulard
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Alexandre Perret, Marion Le Marechal, Raphaele Germi, Daniele Maubon, Cécile Garnaud, Johan Noble, Aude Boignard, Loïc Falque, Mathieu Meunier, Théophile Gerster, Olivier Epaulard Objectives Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is frequently detected in lung and/or blood samples of patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), although this co-detection is not precisely understood. We aimed to determine whether PJP was more severe in case of CMV detection. Methods We retrospectively included all patients with a diagnosis of PJP between 2009 and 2020 in our centre and with a measure of CMV viral load in blood and/or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). PJP severity was assessed by the requirement for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Results The median age of the 249 patients was 63 [IQR: 53–73] years. The main conditions were haematological malignancies (44.2%), solid organ transplantations (16.5%), and solid organ cancers (8.8%). Overall, 36.5% patients were admitted to ICU. CMV was detected in BAL in 57/227 patients; the 37 patients with viral load ≥3 log copies/mL were more frequently admitted to ICU (78.4% vs 28.4%, p
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127
Characterising respiratory infections among hospitalised children during the COVID-19 pandemic in southeastern China: a cross-sectional study of pathogens and clinical association
Huang, H., Wu, B., Lin, W.
BMJ Open, 10.01.2024
Tilføjet 10.01.2024
ObjectiveChildren with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) pose significantly burden on healthcare facilities due to high hospitalisation rates and mortality. However, limited epidemiological and clinical characteristics data on ARTIs in southeastern China during the COVID-19 pandemic exists. DesignCross-sectional. SettingTertiary hospital associated with the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, China. Participants1007 hospitalised children diagnosed with ARTIs, aged 30 days to 15 years, were enrolled in this study from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021. Outcome measureThe primary outcomes are the rate of pathogen infections in children with ARTIs. Secondary outcomes are the description of risk factors associated with ARTIs in children. ResultsOf the 1007 enrolled children, 28.2%, 42.2%, 21.8% and 7.7% were diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis and pneumonia, respectively. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was the most prevalent pathogen (31.9%), followed by influenza B virus (IFVB; 29.1%) and influenza A virus (IFVA; 19.1%). The study found that children under 1 year old (older than 30 days: ORIFVB=12.50; ORMP=8.53), children aged 1–3 years (ORMP=1.62), the winter season (ORIFVA=1.36), the time from symptoms onset to hospitalisation (ORMP=1.10) and increased precipitation (ORLP=1.01) were high-risk factors for ARTIs. ConclusionThis investigation offers significant insights into the prevalence and distribution of common pathogens among children experiencing ARTIs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The discernment of high-risk factors linked to these pathogens enhances our understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of ARTIs in children.
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128
Comment on Shao et al.'s “Risk factors associated with COVID‐19 pneumonia in Chinese patients with pre‐existing interstitial lung disease during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic”
Hsiu‐Ming Lee, Po‐Cheng Shih, James Cheng‐Chung Wei
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
129
Association between timed up-and-go test and subsequent pneumonia: A cohort study
Hyo Jin Lee, Sohee Oh, Hyun Woo Lee, Jung-Kyu Lee, Eun Young Heo, Deog Kyeom Kim, Tae Yun Park
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Hyo Jin Lee, Sohee Oh, Hyun Woo Lee, Jung-Kyu Lee, Eun Young Heo, Deog Kyeom Kim, Tae Yun Park Background Sarcopenia is a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly, and the timed up-and-go test (TUG) can be used as a screening tool for sarcopenia in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between TUG test results and future pneumonia or ventilator care. Materials and methods From the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort database, we identified 19,804 people without neurological diseases who underwent the TUG test in the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages at the age of 66 years during 2007–2008. Gait abnormality was defined as taking 10 s or longer to perform the TUG test. Pneumonia occurrence was defined using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) code for pneumonia (J12–J18, J69), and ventilator care was defined by procedure codes (M5830, M5850, M5867, M5858, M5860, M5859) according to the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding system codes from 2007 to 2015. Results The mean follow-up period was 7.4 years (standard error, SE 0.02). The incidence rates of pneumonia in the normal and slow TUG groups were 38 and 39.5/1000 person-years, respectively. The slow TUG group did not show a higher risk of pneumonia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.042; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.988–1.107]). Regarding ventilator care, the incidence was 4.7 and 5.2 cases per 1,000 person-years in the normal and slow TUG groups, respectively. Slow TUG groups also did not show an increased risk of ventilator occurrence (aHR, 1.136, [95% CI = 0.947–1.363]). Conclusion The TUG test result was not associated with future pneumonia or ventilator care and may not be useful for predicting pneumonia in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Further studies are needed to identify additional functional tools for sarcopenia associated with future pneumonia occurrences.
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130
ICU Utilization After Implementation of Minor Severe Pneumonia Criteria in Real-Time Electronic Clinical Decision Support
Carr, Jason R.; Knox, Daniel B.; Butler, Allison M.; Lum, Marija M.; Jacobs, Jason R.; Jephson, Al R.; Jones, Barbara E.; Brown, Samuel M.; Dean, Nathan C.
Critical Care Medicine, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Objectives: To determine if the implementation of automated clinical decision support (CDS) with embedded minor severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) criteria was associated with improved ICU utilization among emergency department (ED) patients with pneumonia who did not require vasopressors or positive pressure ventilation at admission. Design: Planned secondary analysis of a stepped-wedge, cluster-controlled CDS implementation trial. Setting: Sixteen hospitals in six geographic clusters from Intermountain Health; a large, integrated, nonprofit health system in Utah and Idaho. Patients: Adults admitted to the hospital from the ED with pneumonia identified by: 1) discharge International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes for pneumonia or sepsis/respiratory failure and 2) ED chest imaging consistent with pneumonia, who did not require vasopressors or positive pressure ventilation at admission. Interventions: After implementation, patients were exposed to automated, open-loop, comprehensive CDS that aided disposition decision (ward vs. ICU), based on objective severity scores (sCAP). Measurements and Main Results: The analysis included 2747 patients, 1814 before and 933 after implementation. The median age was 71, median Elixhauser index was 17, 48% were female, and 95% were Caucasian. A mixed-effects regression model with cluster as the random effect estimated that implementation of CDS utilizing sCAP increased 30-day ICU-free days by 1.04 days (95% CI, 0.48–1.59; p < 0.001). Among secondary outcomes, the odds of being admitted to the ward, transferring to the ICU within 72 hours, and receiving a critical therapy decreased by 57% (odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26–0.68; p < 0.001) post-implementation; mortality within 72 hours of admission was unchanged (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.56–2.01; p = 0.82) while 30-day all-cause mortality was lower post-implementation (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52–0.96; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Implementation of electronic CDS using minor sCAP criteria to guide disposition of patients with pneumonia from the ED was associated with safe reduction in ICU utilization.
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131
Corticosteroid Use Exhibit Different Benefits in Pneumonia: A Sensitivity Analysis
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
To theEditor—In a recent meta-analysis [1], Bergmann et al investigated the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid therapy in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). They found that adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in patients hospitalized with CAP was associated with a reduction in the all-cause mortality rate by day 30. In addition, the benefits were more significant in patients with severe CAP. This study is well designed. However, several points should be noted.
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132
Corticosteroids Demonstrate Efficacy Solely in Severe Cases of Community-acquired Pneumonia, With Hydrocortisone Showing Notable Effectiveness
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Project of Young and Middle Medical Distinguished Team in Chongqing, China020291Science and Technology Department of Chongqing
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133
Revisiting the Evidence: Corticosteroid Efficacy in Patients With Moderate and Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
ToTheEditor—We thank Li et al and Zhu et al for their interest in this topic and the meticulous review of our meta-analysis, which found a survival benefit of corticosteroids in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
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134
Clinical testing guidance for histoplasmosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia for primary and urgent care providers: Commentary on Enzyme Immunoassay Histoplasma Antibody Testing
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
135
Clinical testing guidance for histoplasmosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia for primary and urgent care providers: Role of enzyme immunoassay Histoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M testing
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
136
Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass Cooking and Severe Infant Pneumonia
Eric D. McCollum, John P. McCracken, Miles A. Kirby, Laura M. Grajeda, Shakir Hossen, Lawrence H. Moulton, Suzanne M. Simkovich, Dina Goodman-Palmer, Ghislaine Rosa, Alexie Mukeshimana, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Gurusamy Thangavel, Sarada S. Garg, Adly Castañaza, Lisa M. Thompson, Anaite Diaz-Artiga, Aris T. Papageorghiou, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Lindsay J. Underhill, Stella M. Hartinger, Kendra N. Williams, Laura Nicolaou, Howard H. Chang, Amy E. Lovvorn, Joshua P. Rosenthal, Ajay Pillarisetti, Wenlu Ye, Luke P. Naeher, Michael A. Johnson, Lance A. Waller, Shirin Jabbarzadeh, Jiantong Wang, Yunyun Chen, Kyle Steenland, Thomas F. Clasen, Jennifer L. Peel, William Checkley
New England Journal of Medicine, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
137
WHO: Surge in Respiratory Infections in China Not Due to New Pathogens
Journal of the American Medical Association, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Respiratory illnesses—including Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza—have been on the rise among children in China over the past several months.
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138
Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among children under 5 years in Suzhou, China: a hospital-based cohort study
Qian, C., Chen, Q., Lin, W., Li, Z., Zhu, J., Zhang, J., Luan, L., Zheng, B., Zhao, G., Tian, J., Zhang, T.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectivesTo depict the seasonality and age variations of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) incidence in the context of the COVID-19 impact. DesignRetrospective cohort study. ParticipantsThe observational cohort study was conducted at Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 and involved 132 797 children born in 2017 or 2018. They were followed and identified CAP episodes by screening on the Health Information Systems of outpatients and inpatients in the same hospital. OutcomeThe CAP episodes were defined when the diagnoses coded as J09–J18 or J20–J22. The incidence of CAP was estimated stratified by age, sex, birth year, health status group, season and month, and the rate ratio was calculated and adjusted by a quasi-Poisson regression model. Stratified analysis of incidence of CAP by birth month was conducted to understand the age and seasonal variation. ResultsThe overall incidence of CAP among children aged ≤5 years was 130.08 per 1000 person years. Children aged ≤24 months have a higher CAP incidence than those aged >24 months (176.84 vs 72.04 per 1000 person years, p
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139
Characterization of the Disinfectant Resistance Genes qacEΔ1 and cepA in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 136-141
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140
Characterization of the Disinfectant Resistance Genes qacEΔ1 and cepA in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 136-141
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141
[Editorial] Patterns of respiratory infections after COVID-19
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Changing patterns of respiratory infections have been seen again in 2024. Disease incidence shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdowns and social distancing, which slowed down pathogen circulation and the development of immunity at a population level. Influenza and RSV have settled into a more traditional pattern this year, but tuberculosis and pneumonia incidence remains unusual.
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142
Clinical evolution and mortality of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with remdesivir in an adult intensive care unit of Paraguay
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The health crisis due to Covid-19 led to the search for therapeutics that could improve the evolution of the disease. Remdesivir, an antiviral that interferes with viral replication, was one of the first to be used for the treatment of this pathology. Objective To determine clinical course and mortality of patients with severe SARS-CoV‐2 pneumonia treated with remdesivir, in comparison of those who didn’t receive the medication. Patients and methods Retrospective cohort study, with medical records review of COVID-19 patients, between August 2020 and August 2021. The subjects were divided into two groups, those who received remdesivir before or after admission to intensive care and those who didn’t. The primary outcome variable was mortality in intensive care. Results Of 214 subjects included, 109 (50,9%) received remdesivir. The median of days for the drug administration was 8 (2-20), IQR: 3. The bivariate analysis prove that the use of remdesivir was related with lower risk of develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (p = 0,019; OR: 0,521) and lower requirement of mechanical ventilation (p = 0,006; OR:0,450). Additionally, patients treated with remdesivir develop less kidney injury (p = 0,009; OR: 0,441). There was a total of 82 deaths, 29 (26,6%) in the remdesivir group and 53 (50,5%) in the control group [p
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143
First report of Acinetobacter pittii acute community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient in France following a heat wave
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background In recent years, Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) infections have attracted attention, mainly because of the impact of carbapenem-resistant isolates in hospital-acquired infections. However, acute community-acquired ABC infections are not uncommon in warm and humid countries, where they are responsible for community-acquired infections with specific clinical features. To date, such infection has not been reported in France. Case presentation We report the case of a 55-year-old non-immunocompromised patient living in France with no known risk factors for community-acquired ABC infections who presented pneumonia with bloodstream infection due to wild-type A. pittii. The outcome was favorable after 7 days of antibiotic treatment with cefepime. We confirmed bacterial identification with whole-genome sequencing, and we examined the A. pitii core-genome phylogeny for genomic clusters. Conclusions This situation is uncommon in Europe and occurred after a heat wave in France with temperatures above 38 °C. Herein, we discuss the possibility that this pneumonia may be emerging in the current context of global warming.
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144
Hospitalization, case fatality, comorbidities, and isolated pathogens of adult inpatients with pneumonia from 2013 to 2022: a real-world study in Guangzhou, China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background In the context of increasing population aging, ongoing drug-resistant pathogens and the COVID-19 epidemic, the changes in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with pneumonia remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the trends in hospitalization, case fatality, comorbidities, and isolated pathogens of pneumonia-related adult inpatients in Guangzhou during the last decade. Methods We retrospectively enrolled hospitalized adults who had doctor-diagnosed pneumonia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. A natural language processing system was applied to automatically extract the clinical data from electronic health records. We evaluated the proportion of pneumonia-related hospitalizations in total hospitalizations, pneumonia-related in-hospital case fatality, comorbidities, and species of isolated pathogens during the last decade. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess predictors for patients with prolonged length of stay (LOS). Results A total of 38,870 cases were finally included in this study, with 70% males, median age of 64 (53, 73) years and median LOS of 7.9 (5.1, 12.8) days. Although the number of pneumonia-related hospitalizations showed an upward trend, the proportion of pneumonia-related hospitalizations decreased from 199.6 per 1000 inpatients in 2013 to 123.4 per 1000 in 2021, and the case fatality decreased from 50.2 per 1000 in 2013 to 23.9 per 1000 in 2022 (all P
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145
Associations of MMP9 polymorphism with the risk of severe pneumonia in a Southern Chinese children population
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Severe pneumonia frequently causes irreversible sequelae and represents a major health burden for children under the age of 5. Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is involved in various cellular processes. The correlation between MMP9 and the risk of severe childhood pneumonia remains unclear. Methods Here we assemble a case–control cohort to study the association of genetic variants in MMP9 gene with severe childhood pneumonia susceptibility in a Southern Chinese population (1034 cases and 8426 controls). Results Our results indicate that the allele G in rs3918262 SNP was significantly associated with an increased risk of severe pneumonia. Bioinformatic analyses by expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), RegulomeDB and FORGEdb database analysis showed that rs3918262 SNP has potential regulatory effect on translational efficiency and protein level of MMP9 gene. Furthermore, MMP9 concentrations were significantly up-regulated in the bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) of children with severe pneumonia. Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that MMP9 is a novel predisposing gene for childhood pneumonia.
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146
Ventilator-associated pneumonia by Weeksella virosa: case report
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Weeksella virosa pneumonia is an infection that has been described as a healthcare-associated infection. This is a rare gram-negative anaerobic bacterium associated with the use of mechanical ventilation for a long period of time and is more frequent in immunosuppressed patients. This is the first case reported in the state of Veracruz and the second in Mexico. Case presentation We present the case of a 64-year-old female from Veracruz, Mexico who developed an infectious process in the right pelvic limb after a transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure and subsequently developed sudden cardiorespiratory arrest requiring mechanical ventilation, with subsequent imaging studies demonstrating a pneumonic process associated with a nosocomial infection. Discussion and Conclusions We should take into consideration that this pathogen affects not only adults with multiple comorbidities but also children with renal, hepatic, or oncological pathologies, as well as immunocompromised patients, who should be considered high-risk populations for W. virosa infection.
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147
Bacterial contamination on clinical surfaces and oxygen device accessories in the emergency unit of a tertiary health facility in Ghana
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Nosocomial infections have gradually become an emerging threat to the healthcare system over the past decades and have been attributed to poor decontamination of hospital articles and weak antibacterial stewardship policies. This study sought to investigate the effect of disinfection on the prevalence and resistance profile of bacterial contaminants on oxygen device accessories, and clinical surfaces at the emergency unit of a tertiary health facility in Ghana. Methods The study employed a cross-sectional study design to evaluate the occurrence of bacteria on surfaces in a tertiary hospital. Luminal swabs of the oxygen device accessories and swabs from clinical surfaces used by healthcare providers were collected for isolation and identification of bacteria. The identified bacteria isolates were then tested for their susceptibility to antibacterial agents. Data from this study were analyzed using Excel (Microsoft Office Suite), and GraphPad Prism 8 software programs. Results A quarter of the total 44 bacterial isolates obtained from both post-disinfected and pre-disinfected surfaces were Gram-positive, with the remaining isolates being Gram-negative. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent bacteria species isolated (41%) followed by Citrobacter sp. (21%). P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. pneumoniae were found to be highly resistant to Chloramphenicol (36%), and Sulfamethoxazole (100%); whereas Ciprofloxacin (91%) was the most effective antibacterial drug used. Conclusion The almost equal prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria from both post-disinfected and pre-disinfected surfaces of inanimate objects, and oxygen device accessories connote an ineffective disinfection process which may influence resistance in bacterial contaminants. This requires the overhaul of disinfection protocol and training of hospital staff, and rational use of antibacterial agents at the hospital to mitigating the burden of nosocomial infections.
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148
Epidemiological trends of respiratory tract pathogens detected via mPCR in Australian adult patients before COVID-19
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major global health burden due to their high morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study described the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in adults over a 5-year period at an Australian tertiary healthcare network. Methods All multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction respiratory samples taken between the 1st of November 2014 and the 31st of October 2019 were included in this study. Overall prevalence and variations according to seasons, age groups and sex were analysed, as well as factors associated with prolonged hospital and intensive care length of stay. Results There were 12,453 pathogens detected amongst the 12,185 positive samples, with coinfection rates of 3.7%. Picornavirus (Rhinovirus), Influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus were the most commonly detected pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most commonly detected atypical bacteria. Significant differences in the prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Human metapneumovirus infections were found between sexes. Longest median length of intensive care and hospital stay was for Legionella species. Seasonal variations were evident for certain pathogens. Conclusions The high rates of pathogen detection and hospitalisation in this real-world study highlights the significant burden of RTIs, and the urgent need for an improved understanding of the pathogenicity as well as preventative and treatment options of RTIs.
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149
Severe pneumonia with co-infection of H5N1 and SARS-CoV-2: a case report
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. Co-infection of influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to poor prognosis of patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, reports on patients co-infected with avian influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. Case presentation A 52-year-old woman presented with a fever, which has persisted for the past eight days, along with worsening shortness of breath and decreased blood pressure. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an air bronchogram, lung consolidation, and bilateral pleural effusion. The subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed positivity for H5N1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Conclusion The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. The clinical presentation of the patient had a predomination of H5N1 influenza rather than COVID-19. A PCR analysis for the identification of the virus is necessary to reveal the pathogen causing the severe pneumonia. The patient exhibited an excellent prognosis upon the use of the appropriate antiviral medicine.
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150
Ectopic expression of C-type lectin Mincle renders mice susceptible to staphylococcal pneumonia
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent pathogen in pneumonia and harbors glycolipids which may serve as molecular patterns in Mincle (Macrophage inducible C-type lectin) dependent pathogen recognition. We examined the role of Mincle in lung defense against S. aureus in WT, Mincle KO and Mincle transgenic (tg) mice. Two glycolipids, glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc-DAG) and diglucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc2-DAG) were purified, of which only Glc-DAG triggered Mincle reporter cell activation and professional phagocyte responses. Proteomic profiling revealed that Glc2-DAG blocked Glc-DAG-induced cytokine responses, thereby acting as inhibitor of Glc-DAG/Mincle-signaling. WT mice responded to S. aureus with a similar lung pathology as Mincle KO mice, most likely due to Glc2-DAG-dependent inhibition of Glc-DAG/Mincle-signaling. In contrast, ectopic Mincle expression caused severe lung pathology in S. aureus-infected mice characterized by bacterial outgrowth and fatal pneumonia. Collectively, Glc2-DAG inhibits Glc-DAG/Mincle-dependent responses in WT mice, whereas sustained Mincle expression overrides Glc2-DAG-mediated inhibitory effects, conferring increased host susceptibility to S. aureus.
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