Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#100631
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#99477
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#97797
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#97169
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#96586
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#96341
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#94712
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#94150
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#93747
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#93589
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#93192
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#93105
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#91021
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#90993
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#90992
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#89715
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#89462
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#87155
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#87122
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#86882
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#84827
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#84763
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#84463
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#83385
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#80011
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#78617
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#78476
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#75981
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#73994
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#73648
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#71986
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#69882
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#69373
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#66858
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#66539
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#65704
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#59013
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#57190
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#57007
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#55784
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#50305
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#50021
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=legionella&setpoint=50022#50022
Søgeord (legionella) valgt.
43 emner vises.
Minjia ChenXiuqin CaoRonghui ZhengHaixia ChenRuixia HeHao ZhouZhiwei Yanga Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Chinab Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
Virulence, 12.03.2024
Tilføjet 12.03.2024
Satoshi Kutsuna, Hiroyuki Ohbe, Hiroki Matsui, Hideo Yasunaga
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.02.2024
Tilføjet 15.02.2024
Legionnaires’ Disease is a type of pneumonia caused by Legionella spp. such as L. pneumophila, L. longbeachae and L. anisa., and accounts for 1–10% of community-acquired pneumonia cases 1. It is a severe form of pneumonia with a reported fatality rate of 6.4%4. Multiple reports have shown that a delay in the administration of appropriate antimicrobials is associated with worse prognosis in Legionnaires’ Disease 2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major global health burden due to their high morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study described the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in adults over a 5-year period at an Australian tertiary healthcare network. Methods All multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction respiratory samples taken between the 1st of November 2014 and the 31st of October 2019 were included in this study. Overall prevalence and variations according to seasons, age groups and sex were analysed, as well as factors associated with prolonged hospital and intensive care length of stay. Results There were 12,453 pathogens detected amongst the 12,185 positive samples, with coinfection rates of 3.7%. Picornavirus (Rhinovirus), Influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus were the most commonly detected pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most commonly detected atypical bacteria. Significant differences in the prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Human metapneumovirus infections were found between sexes. Longest median length of intensive care and hospital stay was for Legionella species. Seasonal variations were evident for certain pathogens. Conclusions The high rates of pathogen detection and hospitalisation in this real-world study highlights the significant burden of RTIs, and the urgent need for an improved understanding of the pathogenicity as well as preventative and treatment options of RTIs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPei-Xing XuHong-Yu RenNa ZhaoXiao-Jing JinBo-Hai WenTian Qin1National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China2Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China, Igor E. Brodsky
Infection and Immunity, 16.12.2023
Tilføjet 16.12.2023
Ritika Chatterjee, Subba Rao Gangi Setty, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Trends in Microbiology, 1.12.2023
Tilføjet 1.12.2023
In the tug-of-war between host and pathogen, both evolve to combat each other\'s defence arsenals. Intracellular phagosomal bacteria have developed strategies to modify the vacuolar niche to suit their requirements best. Conversely, the host tries to target the pathogen-containing vacuoles towards the degradative pathways. The host cells use a robust system through intracellular trafficking to maintain homeostasis inside the cellular milieu. In parallel, intracellular bacterial pathogens have coevolved with the host to harbour strategies to manipulate cellular pathways, organelles, and cargoes, facilitating the conversion of the phagosome into a modified pathogen-containing vacuole (PCV). Key molecular regulators of intracellular traffic, such as changes in the organelle (phospholipid) composition, recruitment of small GTPases and associated effectors, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-activating protein receptors (SNAREs), etc., are hijacked to evade lysosomal degradation. Legionella, Salmonella, Coxiella, Chlamydia, Mycobacterium, and Brucella are examples of pathogens which diverge from the endocytic pathway by using effector-mediated mechanisms to overcome the challenges and establish their intracellular niches. These pathogens extensively utilise and modulate the end processes of secretory pathways, particularly SNAREs, in repurposing the PCV into specialised compartments resembling the host organelles within the secretory network; at the same time, they avoid being degraded by the host\'s cellular mechanisms. Here, we discuss the recent research advances on the host–pathogen interaction/crosstalk that involves host SNAREs, conserved cellular processes, and the ongoing host–pathogen defence mechanisms in the molecular arms race against each other. The current knowledge of SNAREs, and intravacuolar bacterial pathogen interactions, enables us to understand host cellular innate immune pathways, maintenance of homeostasis, and potential therapeutic strategies to combat ever-growing antimicrobial resistance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLegionella pneumophila inhibits type I interferon signaling to avoid cell-intrinsic host cell defense
Charles N. S. AllenDallas A. BanksMichael ShusterStefanie N. VogelTamara J. O’ConnorVolker Briken 1 Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 3 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA , Andreas J. Bäumler
Infection and Immunity, 27.11.2023
Tilføjet 27.11.2023
Charles N. S. AllenDallas A. BanksMichael ShusterStefanie N. VogelTamara J. O’ConnorVolker Briken1Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA3Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Andreas J. Bäumler
Infection and Immunity, 16.10.2023
Tilføjet 16.10.2023
Infection, 3.10.2023
Tilføjet 3.10.2023
Abstract Switzerland has one of the highest annual Legionnaires’ disease (LD) notification rates in Europe (7.8 cases/100,000 population in 2021). The main sources of infection and the cause for this high rate remain largely unknown. This hampers the implementation of targeted Legionella spp. control efforts. The SwissLEGIO national case–control and molecular source attribution study investigates risk factors and infection sources for community-acquired LD in Switzerland. Over the duration of one year, the study is recruiting 205 newly diagnosed LD patients through a network of 20 university and cantonal hospitals. Healthy controls matched for age, sex, and residence at district level are recruited from the general population. Risk factors for LD are assessed in questionnaire-based interviews. Clinical and environmental Legionella spp. isolates are compared using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Direct comparison of sero- and sequence types (ST), core genome multilocus sequencing types (cgMLST), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between clinical and environmental isolates are used to investigate the infection sources and the prevalence and virulence of different Legionella spp. strains detected across Switzerland. The SwissLEGIO study innovates in combining case–control and molecular typing approaches for source attribution on a national level outside an outbreak setting. The study provides a unique platform for national Legionellosis and Legionella research and is conducted in an inter- and transdisciplinary, co-production approach involving various national governmental and national research stakeholders.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 21.09.2023
Tilføjet 21.09.2023
Abstract Background Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is commonly treated with an empiric combination therapy, including a macrolide, or a quinolone and a β-lactam. However, the risk of Legionella pneumonia may lead to a prolonged combination therapy even after negative urinary antigen tests (UAT). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a French intensive care unit (ICU) over 6 years and included all the patients admitted with documented SCAP. All patients received an empirical combination therapy with a β-lactam plus a macrolide or quinolone, and a Legionella UAT was performed. Macrolide or quinolone were discontinued when the UAT was confirmed negative. We examined the clinical and epidemiological features of SCAP and analysed the independent factors associated with ICU mortality. Results Among the 856 patients with documented SCAP, 26 patients had atypical pneumonia: 18 Legionella pneumophila (LP) serogroup 1, 3 Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP), and 5 Chlamydia psittaci (CP). UAT diagnosed 16 (89%) Legionella pneumonia and PCR confirmed the diagnosis for the other atypical pneumonia. No atypical pneumonia was found by culture only. Type of pathogen was not associated with a higher ICU mortality in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Legionella pneumophila UAT proved to be highly effective in detecting the majority of cases, with only a negligible percentage of patients being missed, but is not sufficient to diagnose atypical pneumonia, and culture did not provide any supplementary information. These results suggest that the discontinuation of macrolides or quinolones may be a safe option when Legionella UAT is negative in countries with a low incidence of Legionella pneumonia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2023
Tilføjet 18.09.2023
Abstract Background Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is commonly treated with an empiric combination therapy, including a macrolide, or a quinolone and a β-lactam. However, the risk of Legionella pneumonia may lead to a prolonged combination therapy even after negative urinary antigen tests (UAT). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a French intensive care unit (ICU) over 6 years and included all the patients admitted with documented SCAP. All patients received an empirical combination therapy with a β-lactam plus a macrolide or quinolone, and a Legionella UAT was performed. Macrolide or quinolone were discontinued when the UAT was confirmed negative. We examined the clinical and epidemiological features of SCAP and analysed the independent factors associated with ICU mortality. Results Among the 856 patients with documented SCAP, 26 patients had atypical pneumonia: 18 Legionella pneumophila (LP) serogroup 1, 3 Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP), and 5 Chlamydia psittaci (CP). UAT diagnosed 16 (89%) Legionella pneumonia and PCR confirmed the diagnosis for the other atypical pneumonia. No atypical pneumonia was found by culture only. Type of pathogen was not associated with a higher ICU mortality in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Legionella pneumophila UAT proved to be highly effective in detecting the majority of cases, with only a negligible percentage of patients being missed, but is not sufficient to diagnose atypical pneumonia, and culture did not provide any supplementary information. These results suggest that the discontinuation of macrolides or quinolones may be a safe option when Legionella UAT is negative in countries with a low incidence of Legionella pneumonia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2023
Tilføjet 7.09.2023
Abstract Background Many factors determine empirical antibiotic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to describe the empirical antibiotic treatment CAP patients with an acute hospital visit and to determine if the current treatment algorithm provided specific and sufficient coverage against Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Clamydophila pneumoniae (LMC). Methods A descriptive cross-sectional, multicenter study of all adults with an acute hospital visit in the Region of Southern Denmark between January 2016 and March 2018 was performed. Using medical records, we retrospectively identified the empirical antibiotic treatment and the microbiological etiology for CAP patients. CAP patients who were prescribed antibiotics within 24 h of admission and with an identified bacterial pathogen were included. The prescribed empirical antibiotic treatment and its ability to provide specific and sufficient coverage against LMC pneumonia were determined. Results Of the 19,133 patients diagnosed with CAP, 1590 (8.3%) patients were included in this study. Piperacillin-tazobactam and Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins were the most commonly prescribed empirical treatments, 515 (32%) and 388 (24%), respectively. Our analysis showed that 42 (37%, 95% CI: 28–47%) of 113 patients with LMC pneumonia were prescribed antibiotics with LMC coverage, and 42 (12%, 95% CI: 8–15%) of 364 patients prescribed antibiotics with LMC coverage had LMC pneumonia. Conclusion Piperacillin-tazobactam, a broad-spectrum antibiotic recommended for uncertain infectious focus, was the most frequent CAP treatment and prescribed to every third patient. In addition, the current empirical antibiotic treatment accuracy was low for LMC pneumonia. Therefore, future research should focus on faster diagnostic tools for identifying the infection focus and precise microbiological testing.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2023
Tilføjet 6.09.2023
Abstract Background Many factors determine empirical antibiotic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to describe the empirical antibiotic treatment CAP patients with an acute hospital visit and to determine if the current treatment algorithm provided specific and sufficient coverage against Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Clamydophila pneumoniae (LMC). Methods A descriptive cross-sectional, multicenter study of all adults with an acute hospital visit in the Region of Southern Denmark between January 2016 and March 2018 was performed. Using medical records, we retrospectively identified the empirical antibiotic treatment and the microbiological etiology for CAP patients. CAP patients who were prescribed antibiotics within 24 h of admission and with an identified bacterial pathogen were included. The prescribed empirical antibiotic treatment and its ability to provide specific and sufficient coverage against LMC pneumonia were determined. Results Of the 19,133 patients diagnosed with CAP, 1590 (8.3%) patients were included in this study. Piperacillin-tazobactam and Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins were the most commonly prescribed empirical treatments, 515 (32%) and 388 (24%), respectively. Our analysis showed that 42 (37%, 95% CI: 28–47%) of 113 patients with LMC pneumonia were prescribed antibiotics with LMC coverage, and 42 (12%, 95% CI: 8–15%) of 364 patients prescribed antibiotics with LMC coverage had LMC pneumonia. Conclusion Piperacillin-tazobactam, a broad-spectrum antibiotic recommended for uncertain infectious focus, was the most frequent CAP treatment and prescribed to every third patient. In addition, the current empirical antibiotic treatment accuracy was low for LMC pneumonia. Therefore, future research should focus on faster diagnostic tools for identifying the infection focus and precise microbiological testing.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 11.07.2023
Tilføjet 11.07.2023
Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to identify the pathogen spectrum of community acquired pneumonia in people living with HIV (PLWH), and to compare it with a matched HIV negative group in order to reassess therapeutic strategies for PLWH. Methods Seventy-three (n = 73) PLWH (median CD4 3–6 months before CAP: 515/µl; SD 309) with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) were matched with 218 HIV-negative CAP controls in a prospective study design. Pathogen identifications used blood culture, samples from the upper and lower respiratory tract (culture and multiplex PCR) and urinary pneumococcal and legionella antigen test. Results Although the vaccination rate among PLWH with CAP was significantly higher (pneumococcal vaccination: 27.4 vs. 8.3%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to identify the pathogen spectrum of community acquired pneumonia in people living with HIV (PLWH), and to compare it with a matched HIV negative group in order to reassess therapeutic strategies for PLWH. Methods Seventy-three (n = 73) PLWH (median CD4 3–6 months before CAP: 515/µl; SD 309) with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) were matched with 218 HIV-negative CAP controls in a prospective study design. Pathogen identifications used blood culture, samples from the upper and lower respiratory tract (culture and multiplex PCR) and urinary pneumococcal and legionella antigen test. Results Although the vaccination rate among PLWH with CAP was significantly higher (pneumococcal vaccination: 27.4 vs. 8.3%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlberto E. Lopez, Lubov S. Grigoryeva, Armando Barajas, Nicholas P. CianciottoaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Craig R. Roy
Infection and Immunity, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
David BoamahMichael C. GilmoreSarah BourgetAnushka GhoshMohammad J. HossainJoseph P. VogelFelipe CavaTamara J. O’ConnoraDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205bDepartment of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, SwedencDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.06.2023
Tilføjet 7.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 23, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLeyre Serrano, Luis Alberto Ruiz, Silvia Perez-Fernandez, Pedro Pablo España, Ainhoa Gomez, Beatriz Gonzalez, Ane Uranga, Sonia Castro, Milagros Iriberri, Rafael Zalacain
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Traditionally, CAP has been considered an acute illness in which once the initial process has been passed, the patient fully recovers with no implications for long-term survival. In contrast, some recent studies have observed a higher risk of death after recovery from the acute episode than that in the general population [2,3,4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2023
Tilføjet 16.04.2023
Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major public health challenge worldwide. However, the aetiological and disease severity-related pathogens associated with CAP in adults in China are not well established based on the detection of both viral and bacterial agents. Methods A multicentre, prospective study was conducted involving 10 hospitals located in nine geographical regions in China from 2014 to 2019. Sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from each recruited CAP patient. Multiplex real-time PCR and bacteria culture methods were used to detect respiratory pathogens. The association between detected pathogens and CAP severity was evaluated. Results Among the 3,403 recruited eligible patients, 462 (13.58%) had severe CAP, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 1.94% (66/3,403). At least one pathogen was detected in 2,054 (60.36%) patients, with two or more pathogens were co-detected in 725 patients. The ten major pathogens detected were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (11.05%), Haemophilus influenzae (10.67%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.43%), influenza A virus (9.49%), human rhinovirus (9.02%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.43%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.50%), adenovirus (2.94%), respiratory syncytial viruses (2.35%), and Legionella pneumophila (1.03%), which accounted for 76.06–92.52% of all positive detection results across sampling sites. Klebsiella pneumoniae (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2023
Tilføjet 15.04.2023
Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major public health challenge worldwide. However, the aetiological and disease severity-related pathogens associated with CAP in adults in China are not well established based on the detection of both viral and bacterial agents. Methods A multicentre, prospective study was conducted involving 10 hospitals located in nine geographical regions in China from 2014 to 2019. Sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from each recruited CAP patient. Multiplex real-time PCR and bacteria culture methods were used to detect respiratory pathogens. The association between detected pathogens and CAP severity was evaluated. Results Among the 3,403 recruited eligible patients, 462 (13.58%) had severe CAP, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 1.94% (66/3,403). At least one pathogen was detected in 2,054 (60.36%) patients, with two or more pathogens were co-detected in 725 patients. The ten major pathogens detected were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (11.05%), Haemophilus influenzae (10.67%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.43%), influenza A virus (9.49%), human rhinovirus (9.02%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.43%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.50%), adenovirus (2.94%), respiratory syncytial viruses (2.35%), and Legionella pneumophila (1.03%), which accounted for 76.06–92.52% of all positive detection results across sampling sites. Klebsiella pneumoniae (p < 0.001) and influenza viruses (p = 0.005) were more frequently detected in older patients, whereas Mycoplasma pneumoniae was more frequently detected in younger patients (p < 0.001). Infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses were risk factors for severe CAP. Conclusions The major respiratory pathogens causing CAP in adults in China were different from those in USA and European countries, which were consistent across different geographical regions over study years. Given the detection rate of pathogens and their association with severe CAP, we propose to include the ten major pathogens as priorities for clinical pathogen screening in China.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMJ Open, 11.04.2023
Tilføjet 11.04.2023
ObjectivesWe aimed to summarise the prevalence of atypical pathogens in patients with severe pneumonia to understand the prevalence of severe pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens, improve clinical decision-making and guide antibiotic use. DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis. Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched through November 2022. Eligibility criteriaEnglish language studies enrolled consecutive cases of patients diagnosed with severe pneumonia, with complete aetiological analysis. Data extraction and synthesisWe conducted literature retrieval on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library to estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Legionella in patients with severe pneumonia. After double arcsine transformation of the data, a random-effects model was used for meta-analyses to calculate the pooled prevalence of each pathogen. Meta-regression analysis was also used to explore whether the region, different diagnostic method, study population, pneumonia categories or sample size were potential sources of heterogeneity. ResultsWe included 75 eligible studies with 18 379 cases of severe pneumonia. The overall prevalence of atypical pneumonia is 8.1% (95% CI 6.3% to 10.1%) In patients with severe pneumonia, the pooled estimated prevalence of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Legionella was 1.8% (95% CI 1.0% to 2.9%), 2.8% (95% CI 1.7% to 4.3%) and 4.0% (95% CI 2.8% to 5.3%), respectively. We noted significant heterogeneity in all pooled assessments. Meta-regression showed that the pneumonia category potentially influenced the prevalence rate of Chlamydia. The mean age and the diagnostic method of pathogens were likely moderators for the prevalence of Mycoplasma and Legionella, and contribute to the heterogeneity of their prevalence. ConclusionsIn severe pneumonia, atypical pathogens are notable causes, especially Legionella. The diagnostic method, regional difference, sample size and other factors contribute to the heterogeneity of prevalence. The estimated prevalence and relative heterogeneity factors can help with microbiological screening, clinical treatment and future research planning. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022373950.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection and Immunity, 13.03.2023
Tilføjet 14.03.2023
Infection, 11.03.2023
Tilføjet 11.03.2023
Abstract Switzerland has one of the highest annual Legionnaires’ disease (LD) notification rates in Europe (7.8 cases/100,000 population in 2021). The main sources of infection and the cause for this high rate remain largely unknown. This hampers the implementation of targeted Legionella spp. control efforts. The SwissLEGIO national case–control and molecular source attribution study investigates risk factors and infection sources for community-acquired LD in Switzerland. Over the duration of one year, the study is recruiting 205 newly diagnosed LD patients through a network of 20 university and cantonal hospitals. Healthy controls matched for age, sex, and residence at district level are recruited from the general population. Risk factors for LD are assessed in questionnaire-based interviews. Clinical and environmental Legionella spp. isolates are compared using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Direct comparison of sero- and sequence types (ST), core genome multilocus sequencing types (cgMLST), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between clinical and environmental isolates are used to investigate the infection sources and the prevalence and virulence of different Legionella spp. strains detected across Switzerland. The SwissLEGIO study innovates in combining case–control and molecular typing approaches for source attribution on a national level outside an outbreak setting. The study provides a unique platform for national Legionellosis and Legionella research and is conducted in an inter- and transdisciplinary, co-production approach involving various national governmental and national research stakeholders.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTrends in Microbiology, 6.03.2023
Tilføjet 7.03.2023
The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila encodes numerous effectors to manipulate host ubiquitin signaling. Recently, Warren et al. revealed the structural basis of K6-polyubiquitination recognition by Legionella deubiquitinase LotA, while validating its potential as an enzymatic tool to study linkage-specific ubiquitination. During Legionella infection, LotA counteracts valosin-containing protein (VCP) recruitment to the Legionella-containing vacuole.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYunjia Shi, Hongtao Liu, Kelong Ma, Zhao-Qing Luo, Jiazhang Qiu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.02.2023
Tilføjet 10.02.2023
by Yunjia Shi, Hongtao Liu, Kelong Ma, Zhao-Qing Luo, Jiazhang QiuLegionella organisms are ubiquitous environmental bacteria that are responsible for human Legionnaires’ disease, a fatal form of severe pneumonia. These bacteria replicate intracellularly in a wide spectrum of host cells within a distinct compartment termed the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Effector proteins translocated by the Dot/Icm apparatus extensively modulate host cellular functions to aid in the biogenesis of the LCV and intracellular proliferation. RavZ is an L. pneumophila effector that functions as a cysteine protease to hydrolyze lipidated LC3, thereby compromising the host autophagic response to bacterial infection. In this study, we characterized the RavZ (RavZLP) ortholog in L. longbeachae (RavZLLO), the second leading cause of Legionella infections in the world. RavZLLO and RavZLP share approximately 60% sequence identity and a conserved His-Asp-Cys catalytic triad. RavZLLO is recognized by the Dot/Icm systems of both L. pneumophila and L. longbeachae. Upon translocation into the host, it suppresses autophagy signaling in cells challenged with both species, indicating the functional redundancy of RavZLLO and RavZLP. Additionally, ectopic expression of RavZLLO but not RavZLP in mammalian cells reduces the levels of cellular polyubiquitinated and polyneddylated proteins. Consistent with this process, RavZLLO regulates the accumulation of polyubiquitinated species on the LCV during L. longbeachae infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.11.2022
Tilføjet 24.11.2022
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 48, November 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedErion Lipo, Seblewongel Asrat, Wenwen Huo, Asaf Sol, Christopher S. Fraser, Ralph R. Isberg aProgram in Genetics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA bProgram in Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA cDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA dDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Craig R. Roy
Infection and Immunity, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Mustafa Safa Karagöz, Can Murat Ünal, Benjamin E. Mayer, Mathias Müsken, José Manuel Borrero-de Acuña, Michael Steinert aInstitut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweiggrid.6738.a, Braunschweig, Germany bComputational Biology and Simulation, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany cHelmholtz Centre for Infection Researchgrid.7490.a, Braunschweig, Germany dDepartamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Seville, Seville, Spain, Craig R. Roy
Infection and Immunity, 31.10.2022
Tilføjet 31.10.2022
Jackson A. Campbell, Nicholas P. Cianciotto aDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Andreas J. Bäumler
Infection and Immunity, 8.09.2022
Tilføjet 8.09.2022
Hayward, Claire; Brown, Melissa H.; Whiley, Harriet
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 1.08.2022
Tilføjet 27.07.2022
Purpose of review
Drinking water is considered one of the most overlooked and underestimated sources of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Recently, the prevention and control of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) in healthcare water systems has been receiving increasing attention in infection control guidelines. However, these fail to address colonization of pathogens that do not originate from source water. Subsequently, this review explores the role of water and premise plumbing biofilm in HAIs. The potential mechanisms of contamination and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens originating both from supply water and human microbiota are discussed.
Recent findings
OPPPs, such as Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium avium have been described as native to the plumbing environment. However, other pathogens, not found in the source water, have been found to proliferate in biofilms formed on outlets devices and cause HAI outbreaks.
Summary
Biofilms formed on outlet devices, such as tap faucets, showers and drains provide an ideal niche for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, comprehensive surveillance guidelines are required to understand the role that drinking water and water-related devices play in the transmission of AMR HAIs and to improve infection control guidelines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 20.07.2022
Tilføjet 20.07.2022
Abstract
Background
Legionella spp. is recognized as a common cause of community acquired pneumonia, with Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 being the most prevalent. At least 70 species are described so far but few are identified in pathogenic conditions. Data on extrapulmonary infections are scarce.
Case presentation
A 73-yar-old male with chronic lymphoid leukemia was hospitalized for an insidious wrist arthritis. Ultrasound of the wrist showed a carpal and radiocarpal fluid effusion with positive Doppler signal. While routine bacterial cultures remained sterile, 16S rRNA PCR identified Legionella anisa. Ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice a day for a period of six weeks improved arthritis with full recovery at the end of the treatment.
Conclusion
Legionella non pneumophila are a rare cause of septic arthritis especially found in immunosuppressed patients and identification of species could help clinician to adapt antibiotherapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2022
Tilføjet 15.06.2022
Abstract
Background
An increasing severity of extreme storms and more intense seasonal flooding are projected consequences of climate change in the United States. In addition to the immediate destruction caused by storm surges and catastrophic flooding, these events may also increase the risk of infectious disease transmission. We aimed to determine the association between extreme and seasonal floods and hospitalizations for Legionnaires’ disease in 25 US states during 2000–2011.
Methods
We used a nonparametric bootstrap approach to examine the association between Legionnaires’ disease hospitalizations and extreme floods, defined by multiple hydrometeorological variables. We also assessed the effect of extreme flooding associated with named cyclonic storms on hospitalizations in a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) framework. To quantify the effect of seasonal floods, we used multi-model inference to identify the most highly weighted flood-indicator variables and evaluated their effects on hospitalizations in a GLMM.
Results
We found a 32% increase in monthly hospitalizations at sites that experienced cyclonic storms, compared to sites in months without storms. Hospitalizations in months with extreme precipitation were in the 89th percentile of the bootstrapped distribution of monthly hospitalizations. Soil moisture and precipitation were the most highly weighted variables identified by multi-model inference and were included in the final model. A 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in average monthly soil moisture was associated with a 49% increase in hospitalizations; in the same model, a 1-SD increase in precipitation was associated with a 26% increase in hospitalizations.
Conclusions
This analysis is the first to examine the effects of flooding on hospitalizations for Legionnaires’ disease in the United States using a range of flood-indicator variables and flood definitions. We found evidence that extreme and seasonal flooding is associated with increased hospitalizations; further research is required to mechanistically establish whether floodwaters contaminated with Legionella bacteria drive transmission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.05.2022
Tilføjet 9.05.2022
Abstract
Background
Legionella-related community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, especially if empirical antibiotic therapy is inadequate. Antibiotic treatment highly relies on clinical symptoms, although proven non-specific, because currently available diagnostic techniques provide insufficient accuracy for detecting Legionella CAP on admission. This study validates a diagnostic scoring system for detection of Legionella-related CAP, based on six items on admission (Legionella prediction score).
Methods
We included patients with Legionella-related CAP admitted to five large Dutch hospitals between 2006 and 2016. Controls were non-Legionella-related CAP patients. The following six conditions were rewarded one point if present: fever > 39.4 °C; dry cough; hyponatremia (sodium) < 133 mmol/L; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 225 mmol/L; C-reactive protein (CRP) > 187 mg/L and platelet count < 171 × 109/L. The accuracy of the prediction score was assessed by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) through logistic regression analysis.
Results
We included 131 cases and 160 controls. A score of 0 occurred in non-Legionella-related CAP patients only, a score of 5 and 6 in Legionella-related CAP patients only. A cut-off ≥ 4 resulted in a sensitivity of 58.8% and a specificity of 93.1%. The AUC was 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.93). The strongest predictors were elevated LDH, elevated CRP and hyponatremia.
Conclusions
This multi-centre study validates the Legionella prediction score, an easily applicable diagnostic scoring system, in a large group of patients and finds high diagnostic accuracy. The score shows promise for future prospective validation and could contribute to targeted antibiotic treatment of suspected Legionella CAP.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 29.04.2022
Tilføjet 29.04.2022
Abstract
Background
To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in immunocompromised patients for the diagnosis of suspected pneumonia in comparison with that of conventional microbiological tests (CMTs).
Methods
Sixty-nine immunocompromised patients with suspected pneumonia received both CMTs and mNGS of BALF were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnostic value was compared between CMTs and mNGS, using the clinical composite diagnosis as the reference standard.
Results
Sixty patients were diagnosed of pneumonia including fifty-two patients with identified pathogens and eight patients with probable pathogens. Taking the composite reference standard as a gold standard, 42 pathogens were identified by CMTs including nine bacteria, 17 fungi, 8 virus, 6 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, and two Legionella and 19(45%) of which were detected by BALF culture. As for mNGS, it identified 76 pathogens including 20 bacteria, 31 fungi, 14 virus, 5 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, four Legionella and two Chlamydia psittaci. The overall detection rate of mNGS for pathogens were higher than that of CMTs. However, a comparable diagnostic accuracy of mNGS and CMTs were found for bacterial and viral infections. mNGS exhibited a higher diagnostic accuracy for fungal detection than CMTs (78% vs. 57%, P < 0.05), which mainly because of the high sensitivity of mNGS in patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) (100% vs. 28%, P < 0.05). Nineteen patients were identified as pulmonary co-infection, mNGS test showed a higher detection rate and broader spectrum for pathogen detection than that of CMTs in co-infection. Moreover, Pneumocystis jirovecii was the most common pathogen in co-infection and mNGS have identified much more co-pathogens of PJP than CMTs.
Conclusions
mNGS of BALF improved the microbial detection rate of pathogens and exhibited remarkable advantages in detecting PJP and identifying co-infection in immunocompromised patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11.03.2022
Tilføjet 12.03.2022
Losier, Ashley; Dela Cruz, Charles S.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 1.04.2022
Tilføjet 8.03.2022
Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to review diagnostic testing recommendations outlined in the current American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guideline and the 2021 ATS guideline for noninfluenza respiratory viruses.
Recent findings
Diagnostic testing in CAP with gram stain, lower respiratory and blood cultures, Streptococcal and Legionella urinary antigens are not routinely recommended unless identified as severe CAP or with risk factors for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Influenza virus testing remains a strong recommendation during periods of community viral spread.
An additional 2021 ATS clinical practice guideline reviewed the use of molecular testing for noninfluenza viral pathogens in adults with suspected CAP and recommended testing in those hospitalized with severe CAP and/or various immunocompromising conditions.
Summary
Diagnostic testing remains an important component of confirming and treating CAP. The CAP guideline includes recommendations surrounding diagnostic testing with lower respiratory gram stain and culture, blood cultures, Legionella and Pneumococcal urinary antigen, influenza viral testing and serum procalcitonin.
There is a strong recommendation to obtain influenza virus testing during periods of community spread. However, the use of other diagnostics such as gram stain, lower respiratory and blood culture, and urinary antigen testing are dependent on severity of illness and whether a patient has been identified as having strong risk factors for MRSA or P. aeruginosa infection. The 2021 ATS clinical practice document did not routinely recommend testing noninfluenza respiratory viruses unless identified as having severe CAP and/or various immunocompromising conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMartyn J, Gomez-Valero L, Buchrieser C.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 16.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
AbstractIntracellular pathogens that are able to thrive in different environments, such as Legionella spp. which preferentially live in protozoa in aquatic environments or environmental Chlamydiae which replicate either within protozoa or a range of animals, possess a plethora of cellular biology tools to influence their eukaryotic host. The host manipulation tools that evolved in the interaction with protozoa, confer these bacteria the capacity to also infect phylogenetically distinct eukaryotic cells, such as macrophages and thus they can also be human pathogens. To manipulate the host cell, bacteria use protein secretion systems and molecular effectors. Although these molecular effectors are encoded in bacteria, they are expressed and function in a eukaryotic context often mimicking or inhibiting eukaryotic proteins. Indeed, many of these effectors have eukaryotic-like domains. In this review we propose that the main pathways environmental intracellular bacteria need to subvert in order to establish the host eukaryotic cell as a replication niche are chromatin remodelling, ubiquitination signalling, and modulation of protein-protein interactions via tandem repeat domains. We then provide mechanistic insight into how these proteins might have evolved as molecular weapons. Finally, we highlight that in environmental intracellular bacteria the number of eukaryotic-like domains and proteins is considerably higher than in intracellular bacteria specialised to an isolated niche, such as obligate intracellular human pathogens. As mimics of eukaryotic proteins are critical components of host pathogen interactions, this distribution of eukaryotic-like domains suggests that the environment has selected them.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.10.2021
Tilføjet 23.10.2021
Abstract
Purpose
Thorough knowledge of the nature and frequency of co-infections is essential to optimize treatment strategies and risk assessment in cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening approach for community-acquired bacterial pathogens (CABPs) at hospital admission, which could facilitate identification of bacterial co-infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Methods
Clinical data and biomaterials from 200 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from the observational cohort of the Competence Network for community-acquired pneumonia (CAPNETZ) prospectively recruited between March 17, 2020, and March 12, 2021 in 12 centers in Germany and Switzerland, were included in this study. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were analyzed on hospital admission using multiplex real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for a broad range of CABPs.
Results
In total of 200 patients Staphylococcus aureus (27.0%), Haemophilus influenzae (13.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5.5%), Moraxella catarrhalis (2.5%), and Legionella pneumophila (1.5%) were the most frequently detected bacterial pathogens. PCR detection of bacterial pathogens correlated with purulent sputum, and showed no correlation with ICU admission, mortality, and inflammation markers. Although patients who received antimicrobial treatment were more often admitted to the ICU and had a higher mortality rate, PCR pathogen detection was not significantly related to antimicrobial treatment.
Conclusion
General CABP screening using multiplex PCR with nasopharyngeal swabs may not facilitate prediction or identification of bacterial co-infections in the early phase of COVID-19-related hospitalization. Most patients with positive PCR results appear to be colonized rather than infected at that time, questioning the value of routine antibiotic treatment on admission in COVID-19 patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLuying Liu Craig R. Roy 1Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
Infection and Immunity, 20.09.2021
Tilføjet 21.09.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.09.2021
Tilføjet 18.09.2021
Abstract
Background
Legionella spp. are ubiquitous freshwater bacteria responsible for rare but potentially severe cases of Legionnaires’ disease (LD). Legionella sainthelensi is a non-pneumophila Legionella species that was first isolated in 1980 from water near Mt. St-Helens (USA). Although rare cases of LD caused by L. sainthelensi have been reported, very little data is available on this pathogen.
Case presentation
We describe the first documented case of severe bilateral pleuropneumonia caused by L. sainthelensi. The patient was a 35-year-old woman with Sharp’s syndrome treated with long-term hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids who was hospitalized for an infectious illness in a university hospital in Reunion Island (France). The patient’s clinical presentation was complicated at first (bilateral pneumonia, multiloculated pleural effusion, then bronchopleural fistula) but her clinical condition eventually improved with the reintroduction of macrolides (spiramycin) in intensive care unit. Etiological diagnosis was confirmed by PCR syndromic assay and culture on bronchoalveolar lavage.
Conclusions
To date, only 14 documented cases of L. sainthelensi infection have been described worldwide. This pathogen is difficult to identify because it is not or poorly detected by urinary antigen and molecular methods (like PCR syndromic assays that primarily target L. pneumophila and that have only recently been deployed in microbiology laboratories). Pneumonia caused by L. sainthelensi is likely underdiagnosed as a result. Clinicians should consider the possibility of non-pneumophila Legionella infection in patients with a compatible clinical presentation when microbiological diagnostic tools targeted L. pneumophila tested negative.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 1.09.2021
Tilføjet 2.09.2021
Inês G. Gonçalves, Lúcia C. Simões, Manuel Simões
Trends in Microbiology, 13.05.2021
Tilføjet 12.06.2021
Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen, ubiquitous in the environment and considered opportunistic. It is the leading cause of legionellosis, which can be present in its nonpneumonic form (Pontiac fever) and acute pneumonic form (Legionnaires` disease – LD). In the soil and aquatic systems, L. pneumophila can invade and survive intracellularly in various protozoans. The ability to proliferate within biofilms provides additional protection from environmental stresses, such as disinfection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJasper A, Musuuza J, Tischendorf J, et al.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2020
Tilføjet 12.06.2021
AbstractBackgroundThe Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends either a fluoroquinolone or a macrolide as a first-line antibiotic treatment for Legionella pneumonia, but it is unclear which antibiotic leads to optimal clinical outcomes. We compared the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone versus macrolide monotherapy in Legionella pneumonia using a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of literature in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 1 June 2019. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing macrolide with fluoroquinolone monotherapy using clinical outcomes in patients with Legionella pneumonia were included. Twenty-one publications out of an initial 2073 unique records met the selection criteria. Following PRISMA guidelines, 2 reviewers participated in data extraction. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included clinical cure, time to apyrexia, length of hospital stay (LOS), and the occurrence of complications. The review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019132901).ResultsTwenty-one publications with 3525 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age of the population was 60.9 years and 67.2% were men. The mortality rate for patients treated with fluoroquinolones was 6.9% (104/1512) compared with 7.4% (133/1790) among those treated with macrolides. The pooled odds ratio assessing risk of mortality for patients treated with fluoroquinolones versus macrolides was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, .71–1.25, I2 = 0%, P = .661). Clinical cure, time to apyrexia, LOS, and the occurrence of complications did not differ for patients treated with fluoroquinolones versus macrolides.ConclusionsWe found no difference in the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones versus macrolides in reducing mortality among patients with Legionella pneumonia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTorres A, Cillóniz C.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2020
Tilføjet 12.06.2021