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BMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Abstract
Background
In 2020, a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, quickly spread worldwide within a few months. Although coronaviruses typically infect the upper or lower respiratory tract, the virus RNA can be detected in plasma. The risk of transmitting coronavirus via transfusion of blood products remains. As more asymptomatic infections are identified in COVID-19 cases, blood safety has become particularly important. Methylene blue (MB) photochemical technology has been proven to inactivate lipid-enveloped viruses with high efficiency and safety. The present study aimed to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation effects of MB in plasma.
Methods
The SARS-CoV-2 virus strain was isolated from Zhejiang University. The live virus was harvested from cultured VERO-E6 cells, and mixed with MB in plasma. The MB final concentrations were 0, 1, 2, and 4‰Î¼M. The œBX-1 AIDS treatment instrument was used at room temperature, the illumination adjusted to 55,000‰±‰0.5 million Lux, and the plasma was irradiated for 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40‰mins using light at a single wavelength of 630‰nm. Virus load changes were measured using quantitative reverse transcription- PCR.
Results
BX-1 could effectively eliminate SARS-CoV-2 within 2 mins in plasma, and the virus titer declined to 4.5 log10 TCID50 (median tissue culture infectious dose)/mL.
Conclusion
BX-1 is based on MB photochemical technology, which was designed to inactivate HIV-1 virus in plasma. It was proven to be safe and reliable in clinical trials of HIV treatment. In this study, we showed that BX-1 could also be applied to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. During the current outbreak, this technique it has great potential for ensuring the safety of blood transfusions, for plasma transfusion therapy in recovering patients, and for preparing inactivated vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGiulia Giordano, Marta Colaneri, Alessandro Di Filippo, Franco Blanchini, Paolo Bolzern, Giuseppe De Nicolao, Paolo Sacchi, Patrizio Colaneri, Raffaele Bruno
Nature, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Nature Medicine, Published online: 16 April 2021; doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01334-5
Integration of variables to account for different speeds of vaccination rollouts and transmission dynamics of new SARS-CoV-2 strains into the SIDARTHE-V model suggests that maintaining non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Italy is essential for minimizing mortality in Italy into 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAgnès Meybeck, Macha Tetart, Véronique Baclet, Isabelle Alcaraz, Nicolas Blondiaux, Gilles Peytavin, Nicolas Veyziris, Olivier Robineau, Eric Senneville
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Mycobacterium marinum is a non tuberculous mycobacterium that causes skin infections often acquired from aquarium maintenance and called « fish task granuloma » (Johnson and Stout, 2015). Disseminated infections are exceptional and concerned mainly immunocompromised patients (Parent et al, 1995; Oh et al, 2018). Their treatment requires prolonged multi-drug regimen (Griffith et al, 2007). We reported a case of Mycobacterium Marinum disseminated infection in a 54 year-old renal transplant HIV-infected woman.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTorsten Hansen, Ulf Titze, Nidhi Su Ann Kulamadayil-Heidenreich, Sabine Glombitza, Johannes Josef Tebbe, Christoph Röcken, Birte Schulz, Michael Weise, Ludwig Wilkens
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Sophie H.Y. Lai, Jaime S. Rosa Duque, Brian Hon-Yin Chung, Tom Wai-Hin Chung, Daniel Leung, Ronnie Siu-Lun Ho, Raymand Lee, Rosana W.S. Poon, Gilbert T. Chua, Kai-Ning Cheong, Martin Man Chun Chui, Mianne Lee, Sidney Tam, Andrew Ho Cheuk Him, King-Fai Cheng, Wilson Wai-Shing Ho, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Pamela Lee, Yu-Lung Lau
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Phaeohyphomycosis describes infection caused by a group of dematiaceous fungi. Invasive infection most commonly affect the respiratory tract, whilst the central nervous system (CNS) is the least common site. The pathogenesis is presumed to be hematogenous dissemination from a subclinical pulmonary focus, though most cases of cerebral infection had no evidence of previous pulmonary involvement (Arcobello and Revankar 2020). Whilst other life-threatening fungal infections occur in immunocompromised individuals, more than half of phaeohyphomycosis patients are not immunodeficient.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Abstract
Background
COVID-19 pandemic has forced physicians to quickly determine the patient™s condition and choose treatment strategies. This study aimed to build and validate a simple tool that can quickly predict the deterioration and survival of COVID-19 patients.
Methods
A total of 351 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Third People™s Hospital of Yichang between 9 January to 25 March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were randomly grouped into training (n‰=‰246) or a validation (n‰=‰105) dataset. Risk factors associated with deterioration were identified using univariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The factors were then incorporated into the nomogram. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the survival of patients between the low- and high-risk groups divided by the cut-off point.
Results
The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to construct the nomogram via four parameters (white blood cells, C-reactive protein, lymphocyte≥0.8‰Ã—‰109/L, and lactate dehydrogenase ≥400‰U/L). The nomogram showed good discriminative performance with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.945 (95% confidence interval: 0.91-0.98), and good calibration (P‰=‰0.539). Besides, the nomogram showed good discrimination performance and good calibration in the validation and total cohorts (AUROC‰=‰0.979 and AUROC‰=‰0.954, respectively). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model had clinical application value. Kaplan-Meier analysis illustrated that low-risk patients had a significantly higher 8-week survival rate than those in the high-risk group (100% vs 71.41% and P‰<‰0.0001).
Conclusion
A simple-to-use nomogram with excellent performance in predicting deterioration risk and survival of COVID-19 patients was developed and validated. However, it is necessary to verify this nomogram using a large-scale multicenter study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEkram W. Abd ElWahab, Mohammed Metwally, Nesma Lotfy
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Daniel GuzmánGómez, Gerardo SalasGonzález, Aracely LópezMonteon, Carlos Manuel WelshRodrÃguez, Jesús TorresMontero, Eric Dumonteil, Etienne Waleckx, Angel RamosLigonio
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Yabo Josiane Honkpéhèdji, Bayode Romeo Adegbite, Jeannot Fréjus Zinsou, Jean Claude DejonAgobé, JeanRonald Edoa, Rella Zoleko Manego, Matthew McCall, Mirabeau Mbong Ngwese, Fabrice Lotola Mougeni, Ghyslain MomboNgoma, Michael Ramharter, Peter G. Kremsner, Bertrand Lell, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Meral Esen, Ayôla Akim Adegnika
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
BMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Abstract
Background
To prevent antimicrobial resistance, both antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and antifungal stewardship (AFS) in inpatient settings are needed in small/middle-sized hospitals as well as large hospitals.
Methods
We conducted the web-based, self-administered, nationwide cross-sectional study regarding AMS and AFS in inpatient settings in Japan, targeting hospitals that participated in a hospital epidemiology workshop conducted in July 2018. The questionnaire was composed of intervention protocols for use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and antifungals within 7 or 28 d of beginning usage. These broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal protocols were compared between large (≥501beds) and small/middle-sized (≤500 beds) hospitals.
Results
Of 240 hospitals surveyed, 39 (16%; 18 large and 21 small/middle-sized) responded. The number of hospitals that intervened in the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials within 7 and 28 d were 17 (44%) and 34 (87%), respectively; those that intervened for antifungals were 3 (8%) and 10 (26%), respectively. Interventions for use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials within 7 d were significantly more frequent in small/middle-sized hospitals compared to large hospitals [13 (61. 9%) vs. 4 (22. 2%), odds ratio‰=‰5.7, 95% confidence interval‰=‰1.4-23.3, p‰=‰0.023].
Conclusions
Small/middle-sized hospitals had more frequent interventions within 7 d of broad-spectrum antimicrobial use than large hospitals. More effort to improve AFS is needed among all hospitals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Abstract
Background and purpose
COVID-19 pandemic led to wide-spread use of face-masks, respirators and other personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers. Various symptoms attributed to the use of PPE are believed to be, at least in part, due to elevated carbon-dioxide (CO2) levels. We evaluated concentrations of CO2 under various PPE.
Methods
In a prospective observational study on healthy volunteers, CO2 levels were measured during regular breathing while donning 1) no mask, 2) JustAir® powered air purifying respirator (PAPR), 3) KN95 respirator, and 4) valved-respirator. Serial CO2 measurements were taken with a nasal canula at a frequency of 1-Hz for 15-min for each PPE configuration to evaluate whether National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) limits were breached.
Results
The study included 11 healthy volunteers, median age 32‰years (range 16-54) and 6 (55%) men. Percent mean (SD) changes in CO2 values for no mask, JustAir® PAPR, KN95 respirator and valve respirator were 0.26 (0.12), 0.59 (0.097), 2.6 (0.14) and 2.4 (0.59), respectively. Use of face masks (KN95 and valved-respirator) resulted in significant increases in CO2 concentrations, which exceeded the 8-h NIOSH exposure threshold limit value-weighted average (TLV-TWA). However, the increases in CO2 concentrations did not breach short-term (15-min) limits. Importantly, these levels were considerably lower than the long-term (8-h) NIOSH limits during donning JustAir® PAPR. There was a statistically significant difference between all pairs (p‰<‰0.0001, except KN95 and valved-respirator (p‰=‰0.25). However, whether increase in CO2 levels are clinically significant remains debatable.
Conclusion
Although, significant increase in CO2 concentrations are noted with routinely used face-masks, the levels still remain within the NIOSH limits for short-term use. Therefore, there should not be a concern in their regular day-to-day use for healthcare providers. The clinical implications of elevated CO2 levels with long-term use of face masks needs further studies. Use of PAPR prevents relative hypercapnoea. However, whether PAPR should be advocated for healthcare workers requiring PPE for extended hours needs to evaluated in further studies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet
Lancet, 17.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
April 24, 2021, marks 1 year since the formation of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) partnership. Its mission is to accelerate the development, production, and equitable access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines, which is central to ending the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the pandemic still raging, has ACT-A been successful so far? And what does the future hold?
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMattias Soop
Lancet, 17.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
In an audit in 2015 of European intensive care units, central venous access was used in 70·7 per 100 patient days,1 and is also widely used in other clinical settings. It remains associated with considerable risks, in particular systemic infection, which can be severe and even lethal. In clinical studies, the most widely reported metric of this complication among patients is the number of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) per 1000 catheter days. In prospective studies across a range of clinical settings, reported rates are typically in the range of 1·0-2·7 CRBSI per 1000 central venous catheter days.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFlorian Krammer
Lancet, 10.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many scientists and public health officials assumed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 would protect from reinfection and that neutralising antibodies would correlate with protection or would be at least one of the protective immune mechanisms.1 Early on, these assumptions were supported by non-human primate data showing protection from reinfection, a correlation between neutralising antibodies protection, and protection afforded by passive transfer of neutralising antibodies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichael J Mina, Tim E Peto, Marta GarcÃa-Fiñana, Malcolm G Semple, Iain E Buchan
Lancet, 18.02.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
The use of rapid lateral flow antigen testing (LFT) for SARS-CoV-2 has been questioned1-3 with uncorroborated4 reports of poor LFT sensitivity. The debate surrounding the use of the Innova Lateral Flow SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test in the UK risks confusing policy makers internationally and potentially stalling deployment of LFTs in other countries.5 As scientists and health professionals evaluating some of the world's largest pilots of LFT, we wish to challenge those interpretations and clarify the evidence on how such testing might be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in minutes and improve COVID-19 control measures.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVikram Patel, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Gagandeep Kang, Pamela Das, Tarun Khanna
Lancet, 11.12.2020
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
The COVID-19 pandemic and response are having profound impacts on India's people, leading to myriad health-care challenges, a looming economic recession, and humanitarian crises.1 The long-standing need for universal health coverage (UHC) in India has been brought into sharp focus by the pandemic. The mission of the Lancet Citizens™ Commission on reimagining India's health system is to lay out the path to achieving UHC in India in the coming decade.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLise Alves
Lancet, 17.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Doctors are reporting shortages of critical drugs and the need to ration care, pointing to public health failures. Lise Alves reports from São Paulo.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSøren Dinesen Østergaard, Morten Schmidt, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó, Reimar Wernich Thomsen, Henrik Toft Sørensen
Lancet, 31.03.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
By mid March, 2021, vaccination against COVID-19 using the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine from Oxford-AstraZeneca1,2 was paused in a number of European countries due to reports of thromboembolic events in vaccinated individuals.3 According to the European Medicines Agency (EMA), 30 cases of thromboembolic events (predominantly venous) had been reported by March 10, 2021, among the approximately 5 million recipients of the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in the European Economic Area.3 The EMA subsequently stated that œThe number of thromboembolic events in vaccinated people is no higher than the number seen in the general population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah N Ali, Wasim Hanif, Kiran Patel, Kamlesh Khunti, South Asian Health Foundation, UK
Lancet, 8.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
The Islamic month of fasting, Ramadan, begins around April 12, 2021. In 2020, Ramadan coincided with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, moving what is a month of communal prayers and social gatherings into the era of virtual prayers. 2021 brings further challenges with ongoing virtual prayers and a global vaccination programme. For 1·9 billion Muslims worldwide, Ramadan coinciding with the vaccination programmes crucially means that their vaccinations might be offered during this time. With ongoing concerns of vaccine hesitancy among minority ethnic populations,1 could Ramadan impede successful vaccination roll-out?
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRichard Armitage
Lancet, 17.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Soham Bandyopadhyay1 claimed that the UK Government's national lockdown, announced in November, 2020, to control COVID-19, was an institutionally racist policy. Claims of institutional racism are serious allegations and thus warrant critical appraisal. I therefore raise three points.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClaire M Rickard, Nicole M Marsh, Emily N Larsen, Matthew R McGrail, Nicholas Graves, Naomi Runnegar, Joan Webster, Amanda Corley, David McMillan, John R Gowardman, Debbie A Long, John F Fraser, Fenella J Gill, Jeanine Young, Marghie Murgo, Evan Alexandrou, Md Abu Choudhury, Raymond J Chan, Nicole C Gavin, Azlina Daud, Annamaria Palermo, Adrian Regli, E Geoffrey Playford
Lancet, 17.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Infusion set use can be safely extended to 7 days with resultant cost and workload reductions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVictoria Jane Hall, Sarah Foulkes, Andre Charlett, Ana Atti, Edward J M Monk, Ruth Simmons, Edgar Wellington, Michelle J Cole, Ayoub Saei, Blanche Oguti, Katie Munro, Sarah Wallace, Peter D Kirwan, Madhumita Shrotri, Amoolya Vusirikala, Sakib Rokadiya, Meaghan Kall, Maria Zambon, Mary Ramsay, Tim Brooks, Colin S Brown, Meera A Chand, Susan Hopkins, SIREN Study Group
Lancet, 10.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
A previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an 84% lower risk of infection, with median protective effect observed 7 months following primary infection. This time period is the minimum probable effect because seroconversions were not included. This study shows that previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces effective immunity to future infections in most individuals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPierre Cuchet, Xavier Valette
Lancet, 17.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
A 66-year-old man attended our hospital with increasing shortness of breath, asthenia, and fever.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaul Turner, Priscilla Rupali, Japheth A Opintan, Walter Jaoko, Nicholas A Feasey, Sharon J Peacock, Elizabeth A Ashley
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2021
Tilføjet 16.04.2021
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to human health globally. Surveillance is a key activity to determine AMR burden, impacts, and trends and to monitor effects of interventions. Surveillance systems require efficient capture and onward sharing of high-quality laboratory data. Substantial investment is being made to improve laboratory capacity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with high disease burdens. However, building capacity for effective laboratory data management remains an under-resourced area, which, unless addressed, will limit progress towards comprehensive AMR surveillance in LMICs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2021
Tilføjet 15.04.2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2021
Tilføjet 15.04.2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2021
Tilføjet 15.04.2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2021
Tilføjet 15.04.2021
Lauren E. Parmley, Kieran Hartsough, Oliver Eleeza, Akopon Bertin, Bockarie Sesay, Amon Njenga, Mame Toure, Ginika Egesimba, Haja Bah, Alex Bayoh, Abdulraheem Yakubu, Ellen A. B. Morrison, Susan Michaels-Strasser
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2021
Tilføjet 15.04.2021
by Lauren E. Parmley, Kieran Hartsough, Oliver Eleeza, Akopon Bertin, Bockarie Sesay, Amon Njenga, Mame Toure, Ginika Egesimba, Haja Bah, Alex Bayoh, Abdulraheem Yakubu, Ellen A. B. Morrison, Susan Michaels-Strasser
After a decade of civil war and the 2014-2016 West African Ebola outbreak, Sierra Leone now faces the COVID-19 pandemic with a fragile health system. As was demonstrated during Ebola, preparedness is key to limiting a health crisis™ spread and impact on health systems and ensuring continued care for vulnerable populations including people living with HIV (PLHIV). To assess COVID-19 preparedness and inform interventions to ensure continuity of HIV services at health facilities (HFs) and community service points (CSPs), we conducted site readiness assessments in Freetown, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone. Data were collected at nine high-volume HIV HFs and seven CSPs in April 2020, a month after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. CSPs comprised three community drop-in centers providing HIV counseling and testing services as well as HIV prevention services (e.g., condoms and lubricants) for key and priority populations and four community-based support groups serving PLHIV. At the time of assessment, CSPs did not provide antiretroviral therapy (ART) but were considered potential sites for expansion of differentiated service delivery (DSD)”a client-centered approach to HIV care”in the context of COVID-19. Overall, 5/9 HFs had trained staff on use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and prevention of COVID-19 transmission. Most had access to masks (5/9) and gloves (7/9) for management of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases, and 4/9 HFs had triage procedures for isolation of suspected cases. Conversely, few CSPs had access to masks (2/7) or gloves (2/7) and no staff were trained on PPE use or COVID-19 transmission. 7/9 HFs had adequate ART stock for multi-month dispensing though few had procedures for (3/9) or had trained staff in providing DSD (2/9). Among CSPs where measures were applicable, 2/4 had procedures for DSD, 1/3 had staff trained on DSD and none had adequate ART stock. Identification of gaps in COVID-19 preparedness is a critical step in providing support for infection control and modified service delivery. Findings from this assessment highlight gaps in COVID-19 preparedness measures at sites supporting PLHIV in Sierra Leone and indicate CSPs may require intensive supervision and training to ensure HIV services are uninterrupted while minimizing COVID-19 risk, especially if used as sites to scale up DSD.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRachael Phadnis, Champika Wickramasinghe, Juan Carlos Zevallos, Stacy Davlin, Vindya Kumarapeli, Veronica Lea, Juliette Lee, Udara Perera, Francisco Xavier Solórzano, Juan Francisco Vásconez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2021
Tilføjet 15.04.2021
by Rachael Phadnis, Champika Wickramasinghe, Juan Carlos Zevallos, Stacy Davlin, Vindya Kumarapeli, Veronica Lea, Juliette Lee, Udara Perera, Francisco Xavier Solórzano, Juan Francisco Vásconez
Effective and rapid decision making during a pandemic requires data not only about infections, but also about human behavior. Mobile phone surveys (MPS) offer the opportunity to collect real-time data on behavior, exposure, knowledge, and perception, as well as care and treatment to inform decision making. The surveys aimed to collect coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related information in Ecuador and Sri Lanka using mobile phones. In Ecuador, a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) survey was conducted. In Sri Lanka, an evaluation of a novel medicine delivery system was conducted. Using the established mobile network operator channels and technical assistance provided through The Bloomberg Philanthropies Data for Health Initiative (D4H), Ministries of Health fielded a population-based COVID-19-specific MPS using Surveda, the open source data collection tool developed as part of the initiative. A total of 1,185 adults in Ecuador completed the MPS in 14 days. A total of 5,001 adults over the age of 35 in Sri Lanka completed the MPS in 44 days. Both samples were adjusted to the 2019 United Nations Population Estimates to produce population-based estimates by age and sex. The Ecuador COVID-19 MPS found that there was compliance with the mitigation strategies implemented in that country. Overall, 96.5% of Ecuadorians reported wearing a face mask or face covering when leaving home. Overall, 3.8% of Sri Lankans used the service to receive medicines from a government clinic. Among those who used the medicine delivery service in Sri Lanka, 95.8% of those who used a private pharmacy received their medications within one week, and 69.9% of those using a government clinic reported the same. These studies demonstrate that MPS can be conducted quickly and gather essential data. MPS can help monitor the impact of interventions and programs, and rapidly identify what works in mitigating the impact of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDani Zoorob, Shivam Shah, Danielle La Saevig, Courtney Murphy, Shaza Aouthmany, Kris Brickman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2021
Tilføjet 15.04.2021
by Dani Zoorob, Shivam Shah, Danielle La Saevig, Courtney Murphy, Shaza Aouthmany, Kris Brickman
Background Acute augmentation of stress and disruption of training, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, may impact resident wellbeing.
Objectives We investigated how residents in various specialties in the United States were impacted by COVID-19 on mental wellbeing and resilience levels, and the methodology for coping with the stress incurred.
Methods In April 2020, the authors electronically surveyed 200 residency programs of all specialties nationally. The survey utilized two validated questionnaires to assess wellbeing and resilience, while investigating demographics and coping mechanisms. The authors used student t-test and ANOVA to quantitatively analyze the data.
Results The sample consisted of 1115 respondents (with an 18% response rate). Male gender & Age >39 years were associated with more favorable average well-being indices (both p<0.01). Regarding resources, institutional support (IS) appeared favorable for resident well-being (IS 2.74, SD1.96 vs NoIS 3.71, SD2.29, p<0.01) & resilience (IS 3.72, SD0.70 vs NoIS 3.53, SD0.73, p = 0.05). The effects of mindfulness practices (MP) were not statistically significant for improvement of wellness (MP 2.87, SD 1.99 vs No MP 2.76, SD 2.15, p = 0.85) or resilience (MP 3.71, SD 0.70 vs No MP 3.72, SD 0.68, p = 0.87).
Conclusions Findings highlight the critical importance of resident mental status in cases of augmented stress situations. Institutional support may contribute to promotion of resident wellbeing.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaulo Gonçalves, Emma Sáez-López, Sofia Carneiro, Maria João Simões
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2021
Tilføjet 15.04.2021
by Paulo Gonçalves, Emma Sáez-López, Sofia Carneiro, Maria João Simões
Background The incidence of invasive meningococcal disease due to serogroup C (MenC) decreased in Portugal since the introduction of the conjugate vaccine (MCC) in the free market in 2001 and in the National Immunisation Plan in 2006. Considering the potential waning of the antibody response reported in the literature, the different vaccination schemes that were used in our country over the past decade, and that Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C continues to circulate, the Portuguese population may currently be at increased risk of infection. In the absence of national data, we evaluated the seroprotection level of the Portuguese population against MenC, in order to identify the protected fraction of the population and ponder on the necessity of a booster dose of the MCC vaccine.
Methods We measured serum bactericidal antibody levels against MenC in a representative sample of the population (n = 1500) aged 2-64 years who participated in the 2015/2016 National Serological Survey.
Results A total of 31.1% (466/1500, 95%CI: 29-33%) of the individuals studied were protected against MenC. The geometric mean titre was 6.5. The proportion of seroprotected was particularly low in children aged 2-4 years (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiu-Fen Yang, Meng-qi Li, Lu-lu Liao, Hui Feng, Si Zhao, Shuang Wu, Ping Yin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.04.2021
Tilføjet 15.04.2021
by Xiu-Fen Yang, Meng-qi Li, Lu-lu Liao, Hui Feng, Si Zhao, Shuang Wu, Ping Yin
Background The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has global impact, Wuhan in Hubei province is a high-risk area. And the older people in nursing homes are the most susceptible group to COVID-19. The aim of this study was to describe the practice and experience of the first-line medical team, to provide insights of coping with COVID-19 in China.
Method This qualitative study used a descriptive phenomenological design to describe the experience of medical staff supported the nursing homes in Wuhan fighting against COVID-19. Unstructured interviews via online video were conducted with seven medical staffs who supported the nursing homes in Wuhan. Data were analyzed using content analysis in five main themes: for nursing homes, we interviewed the difficulties faced at the most difficult time, services for the older people, and prevention and management strategies, for the medical staff, the psychological experience were interviewed, and the implications for public health emergencies were also reported.
Conclusions It is imperative that effective preventive and response measures be implemented to face the outbreak of COVID-19 and meet the care needs of older people in the context of COVID-19.
Implications Findings will inform managers of some reasonable instructional strategies for implementing effective infection management. Nursing homes need to provide targeted services to help alleviating their bad psychology for residents.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed