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28 emner vises.
Barbara Mühlemann, Charlotte Thibeault, David Hillus, Elisa T. Helbig, Lena J. Lippert, Pinkus Tober-Lau, Tatjana Schwarz, Marcel A. Müller, Martin Witzenrath, Norbert Suttorp, Leif E. Sander, Christian Drosten, Terry C. Jones, Victor M. Corman, Florian Kurth, Pa-COVID-19 collaborative study group, Christof von Kalle for set up and realization of the study platform, Philipp Enghard for obtaining informed consent and biosamples, Isabelle Wirsching for data collection, Patricia Tscheak for contributing to testing and biobanking of samples
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 15.06.2021
Dexamethasone has become standard of care for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its virological impact is poorly understood. The objectives of this work were to characterise the kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) concentration in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and the antibody response in patients with (D+) and without (D-) dexamethasone treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Abstract
Background
The recent increase in cases of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAf) infections is a major clinical concern owing to its treatment limitations. Patient-derived ARAf occurs after prolonged azole treatment in patients with aspergillosis and involves various cyp51A point mutations or non-cyp51A mutations. The prognosis of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) with patient-derived ARAf infection remains unclear. In this study, we reported the case of a patient with ARAf due to HapE mutation, as well as the virulence of the isolate.
Case presentation
A 37-year-old male was presented with productive cough and low-grade fever. The patient was diagnosed with CPA based on the chronic course, presence of a fungus ball in the upper left lobe on chest computed tomography (CT), positivity for Aspergillus-precipitating antibody and denial of other diseases. The patient underwent left upper lobe and left S6 segment resection surgery because of repeated haemoptysis during voriconazole (VRC) treatment. The patient was postoperatively treated with VRC for 6 months. Since then, the patient was followed up without antifungal treatment but relapsed 4 years later, and VRC treatment was reinitiated. Although an azole-resistant isolate was isolated after VRC treatment, the patient did not show any disease progression in either respiratory symptoms or radiological findings. The ARAf isolated from this patient showed slow growth, decreased biomass and biofilm formation in vitro, and decreased virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model compared with its parental strain. These phenotypes could be caused by the HapE splice site mutation.
Conclusions
This is the first to report a case demonstrating the clinical manifestation of a CPA patient infected with ARAf with a HapE splice site mutation, which was consistent with the in vitro and in vivo attenuated virulence of the ARAf isolate. These results imply that not all the ARAf infections in immunocompetent patients require antifungal treatment. Further studies on the virulence of non-cyp51A mutations in ARAf are warranted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a world health threaten. Its risk factors with death were still not known. White blood cells (WBC) count as a reflection of inflammation has played a vital role in COVID-19, however its level with death is not yet investigated.
Methods
In this retrospective, single-center study, all confirmed patients with COVID-19 at West Branch of Union Hospital from Jan 29 to Feb 28, 2020 were collected and analyzed. Demographic and clinical data including laboratory examinations were analyzed and compared between recovery and death patients.
Results
A total of 163 patients including 33 death cases were included in this study. Significant association was found between WBC count and death (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.09–1.20, p < 0.001). The regression analysis results showed there was a significant association between WBC count and death (HR = 5.72, 95%CI: 2.21–14.82, p < 0.001) when use the second quartile as a cutoff value (> 6.16 × 10^9/L). The difference was still exist after adjusting for confounding factors (HR = 6.26, 95%CI: 1.72–22.77, p = 0.005). In addition, Kaplan-meier survival analysis showed that there was a significant decline of the cumulative survival rate (p < 0.001) in those with WBC count ≥6.16 × 10^9/L.
Conclusion
WBC count at admission is significantly corelated with death in COVID-19 patients. Higher level of WBC count should be given more attention in the treatment of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatteo Augello, Francesca Bai, Andrea Galassi, Valeria Bono, Alessia Moro, Luca Carsana, Cristina Tonello, Antonella Tosoni, Manuela Nebuloni, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte, Giulia Marchetti
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
A 44-years-old Filipino man recently diagnosed with HIV infection presented to our clinic complaining of fever and asthenia for a few days. Viro-immunological parameters displayed a severe immunodepression (CD4+ T lymphocytes: 2/μL, 0%) with an HIV viremia of 80141 copies/mL.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMax Carlos Ramírez-Soto, Hugo Arroyo-Hernández, Gutia Ortega-Cáceres
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
by Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto, Hugo Arroyo-Hernández, Gutia Ortega-Cáceres
Background There is a worrying lack of epidemiological data on the sex differential in COVID-19 infection and death rates between the regions of Peru.
Methods Using cases and death data from the national population-based surveillance system of Peru, we estimated incidence, mortality and fatality, stratified by sex, age and geographic distribution (per 100,000 habitants) from March 16 to November 27, 2020. At the same time, we calculated the risk of COVID-19 death.
Results During the study period, 961894 cases and 35913 deaths were reported in Peru. Men had a twofold higher risk of COVID-19 death within the overall population of Peru (odds ratio (OR), 2.11; confidence interval (CI) 95%; 2.06–2.16; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShobhna Mishra, Gunjan Sharma, Manoj K. Das, Veena Pande, Om P. Singh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
by Shobhna Mishra, Gunjan Sharma, Manoj K. Das, Veena Pande, Om P. Singh
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence is a widely used molecular marker for species-identification or -delimitation due to observed concerted evolution which is believed to homogenize rDNA copies in an interbreeding population. However, intra-specific differences in ITS2 of Anopheles stephensi have been reported. This study reports the presence of intragenomic sequence variation in the ITS2-rDNA of An. stephensi and hypothesizes that observed intra-specific differences in this species may have resulted due to ambiguous DNA sequence-chromatogram resulting from intragenomic heterogeneity. Anopheles stephensi collected from different parts of India were sequenced for complete ITS2 and the variable region of 28S-rDNA (d1-d3 domains). Intragenomic variations were found in ITS2 region of all An. stephensi sequenced, but no such variation was observed in d1 to d3 domains of 28S-rDNA. Cloning and sequencing of ITS2 through the d3 domain of the 28S region of rDNA from representative samples from northern, central, and southern India confirmed the presence of intragenomic variation in ITS2 due to transitions at three loci and two bp indel in a di-nucleotide microsatellite locus. Multiple haplotypes were observed in ITS2 raised from such variations. Due to the absence of detectable intragenomic sequence variation in the d1 to d3 domain of 28S rDNA of An. stephensi, this region can serve as an ideal reference sequence for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. The presence of intragenomic variation in rDNA should be carefully examined before using this as a molecular marker for species delimitation or phylogenetic analyses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMin-Chul Kim, Oh Joo Kweon, Yong Kwan Lim, Seong-Ho Choi, Jin-Won Chung, Mi-Kyung Lee
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
by Min-Chul Kim, Oh Joo Kweon, Yong Kwan Lim, Seong-Ho Choi, Jin-Won Chung, Mi-Kyung Lee
During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing was effective in controlling disease spread across South Korea. The impact of national social distancing on the spread of common respiratory virus infections has rarely been investigated. We evaluated the weekly proportion of negative respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results and weekly positive rates of each respiratory virus during the social distancing period (10th–41st weeks of 2020) and the corresponding period in different years, utilizing the national respiratory virus surveillance dataset reported by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The proportions of negative respiratory virus PCR test results increased up to 87.8% and 86.1% during level 3 and level 2 of the social distancing period, respectively. The higher the level of social distancing, the higher the proportion of negative respiratory virus PCR test results. During the social distancing period, the mean weekly positive rates for parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, human coronavirus, and human metapneumovirus were significantly lower than those during the same period in 2015–2019 (0.1% vs. 9.3%, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKrueakaew Tiaprapong, Achiraporn Sirikul, Chamawee Krajangmek, Namfon Duangthongkul, Nichaya Pandam, Nitita Piya-amornphan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
by Krueakaew Tiaprapong, Achiraporn Sirikul, Chamawee Krajangmek, Namfon Duangthongkul, Nichaya Pandam, Nitita Piya-amornphan
The COVID-19 global pandemic has had a socioeconomic effect, including many people suffering from stress and mental disorders. Health professional students are at risk of health issues as well when compared to their age-matched counterpart in the population. The present study aimed to find out the impact of COVID-19 awareness on the wellness of Thai health professional students. The awareness of COVID-19 and wellness among Thai health professional students, such as medical, physical therapy, nursing, pharmacy, and medical technology students were surveyed during the early “new normal” informing policy. The participants included 1,001 students, aged 17 to 25 years old, who responded to a Google form questionnaire set by request. The results showed that the prominent health risks among the Thai health professional students included sedentary behavior, obesity, and mental symptoms. A positive rating in attitude towards the COVID-19 epidemic was mostly observed. There was a negative influence on anxiety symptoms (standardized coefficient beta = -0.079, p-value = 0.012), but a positive impact on social well-being (standardized coefficient beta = 0.158, p-value < 0.001) and quality of life (standardized coefficient beta = 0.136, p-value < 0.001) among the students even when the situation was improving. To relieve the domino effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ wellness, an updated policy for enhancing awareness and providing updated information is continuously required. Improvements on self and situational awareness may help prevent health risk behaviors and promote health among Thai health professional students.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMuhammad Osman, Sue-Ann Meehan, Arne von Delft, Karen Du Preez, Rory Dunbar, Florian M. Marx, Andrew Boulle, Alex Welte, Pren Naidoo, Anneke C. Hesseling
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
by Muhammad Osman, Sue-Ann Meehan, Arne von Delft, Karen Du Preez, Rory Dunbar, Florian M. Marx, Andrew Boulle, Alex Welte, Pren Naidoo, Anneke C. Hesseling
In South Africa, low tuberculosis (TB) treatment coverage and high TB case fatality remain important challenges. Following TB diagnosis, patients must link with a primary health care (PHC) facility for initiation or continuation of antituberculosis treatment and TB registration. We aimed to evaluate mortality among TB patients who did not link to a TB treatment facility for TB treatment within 30 days of their TB diagnosis, i.e. who were “initial loss to follow-up (ILTFU)” in Cape Town, South Africa. We prospectively included all patients with a routine laboratory or clinical diagnosis of TB made at PHC or hospital level in Khayelitsha and Tygerberg sub-districts in Cape Town, using routine TB data from an integrated provincial health data centre between October 2018 and March 2020. Overall, 74% (10,208/13,736) of TB patients were diagnosed at PHC facilities and ILTFU was 20.0% (2,742/13,736). Of ILTFU patients, 17.1% (468/2,742) died, with 69.7% (326/468) of deaths occurring within 30 days of diagnosis. Most ILTFU deaths (85.5%; 400/468) occurred in patients diagnosed in hospital. Multivariable logistic regression identified increasing age, HIV positive status, and hospital-based TB diagnosis (higher in the absence of TB treatment initiation and being ILTFU) as predictors of mortality. Although hospitals account for a modest proportion of diagnosed TB patients they have high TB-associated mortality. A hospital-based TB diagnosis is a critical opportunity to identify those at high risk of early and overall mortality. Interventions to diagnose TB before hospital admission, improve linkage to TB treatment following diagnosis, and reduce mortality in hospital-diagnosed TB patients should be prioritised.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJyoti Jain, Pooja Jadhao, Shashank Banait, Preetam Salunkhe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
by Jyoti Jain, Pooja Jadhao, Shashank Banait, Preetam Salunkhe
India has been engaged in tuberculosis (TB) control activities for over 50 years and yet TB continues to remain India’s important public health problem. The present study was conducted to compare the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF (GXpert) assay with composite reference standard in diagnosing cases of tubercular pleural effusion (TPE) and to evaluate the reliability of rifampicin resistance. A cross-sectional study was performed in a Department of Medicine of a rural teaching tertiary care hospital in central India. In all consecutive patients with pleural effusion on chest radiograph presenting to Department of Medicine, GXpert assay and composite reference standard was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of GXpert assay for detecting TPE in comparison to composite reference standard. Standard formulae were used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), positive likelihood ratios (LR+) and negative likelihood ratios (LR-). Mc-Nemar’s test was applied to compare variables. All comparisons were two-tailed. We considered the difference to be statistically significant if the P value was less than 0.05. The sensitivity of the GXpert assay in diagnosing TPE was 16.6% among 158 study participants, the specificity was 100% and diagnostic accuracy was 52.5% which was statistically significant (p value < 0.05). It had a PPV of 100% (95%CI: 88.3% - 100%) and a NPV of 47.5% (95%CI: 39.3% - 55.7%). The LR+ and LR-were 23.5 (95%CI: 1.43–38.6) and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.76–0.91) respectively. GXpert assay has a very high specificity in diagnosing TPE but has a low sensitivity. In comparison to composite reference standard Thus its clinical utility is limited when used as a standalone test. A physician’s clinical acumen in combination with routine pleural fluid analysis should be the key factor in the diagnosis of TPE in clinically and radiologically suspected patients, especially in high TB burden countries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIan J. Links, Laurence J. Denholm, Marilyn Evers, Lloyd J. Kingham, Robert J. Greenstein
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
by Ian J. Links, Laurence J. Denholm, Marilyn Evers, Lloyd J. Kingham, Robert J. Greenstein
Background Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (or paratuberculosis), a chronic wasting disease of ruminants and other animals resulting from granulomatous enteritis. There are increasing concerns that MAP is zoonotic. The prevalence of Johne’s disease is increasing worldwide. In an attempt to control an epidemic of ovine Johne’s disease (OJD) in New South Wales (NSW), a government/industry sponsored voluntary vaccination/on-farm management program commenced in 2000. We report herein an observational study of changes in disease prevalence as vaccination progressed, based on abattoir surveillance data for OJD from 1999 to 2009. We also discuss the epidemiological, policy, regulatory, research, economic and sociological elements that contributed to the development of a mature control program, whose aim was to halt the epidemic spread of OJD in a naïve sheep population.
Methods NSW was divided into areas of “High” (HPA), “Medium” (MPA) and “Low” (LPA) OJD prevalence. A killed whole cell vaccine (Gudair®) was administered to sheep from 2000 to 2009. Trained examiners evaluated the viscera of adult sheep carcasses at slaughter for gross evidence of OJD. MAP infection was confirmed by histopathology.
Principal findings From 2000–2009, 12 million vaccine doses were administered in NSW (91%; 10.9 million in the HPA). Many of the vaccinated flocks were suffering > 5% annual mortality in adult sheep, with some individual flocks with 10–15% losses attributable to OJD. A total of 7.6 million carcasses were examined (38%; 2.9 million from the HPA). Overall, 16% of slaughter consignments (sheep consigned to the abattoir from a single vendor) were positive for OJD, of which 94% were from the HPA. In the HPA, the percentage of animals with lesions attributable to OJD at slaughter fell progressively from 2.4% (10,406/432,860) at commencement of vaccination in 2000 to 0.8% (1,573/189,564) by 2009. Herd immunity from vaccination in the HPA was estimated at 70% by 2009, the target commonly espoused for an effective control program based on vaccination. This coincided with a progressive decrease in reports of clinical disease and mortalities in vaccinated flocks.
Significance We show a decrease in the prevalence of lesions attributable to OJD in NSW concomitant with initiation of voluntary vaccination, on-farm management plans, abattoir monitoring and feedback of animal prevalence data to sheep producers. We conclude that a target of ≤ 1% regional prevalence of OJD affected sheep at slaughter is achievable using these interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSara Sigurlásdóttir Kenny Lidberg Fanglei Zuo J. Newcombe J.J. McFadden Ann-Beth Jonsson Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
Infection and Immunity, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStafford, I. A., Hummel, K., Dunn, J. J., Muldrew, K., Berra, A., Kravitz, E. S., Gogia, S., Martin, I., Munson, E.
BMJ Open, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Background
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogen. There have been no published studies concerning symptomatology, prevalence data, antibiotic resistance profiling or reports of co-infection with other STI in pregnant women.
Objective
To describe these characteristics among pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in a large tertiary care centre.
Design
Remnant genital samples collected from pregnant women between August 2018 and November 2019 were tested for M. genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis by the transcription-mediated amplification technique. Specimens with detectable M. genitalium RNA were sequenced for 23S rRNA mutations associated with azithromycin resistance and parC and gyrA mutations associated with resistance to moxifloxacin. Demographic, obstetric and STI co-infection data were recorded.
Results
Of the 719 samples, 41 (5.7 %) were positive for M. genitalium. M. genitalium infection was associated with black race, Hispanic ethnicity and young age (p=0.003, p=0.008 and p=0.004, respectively). M. genitalium infection was also associated with T. vaginalis co-infection and Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) colonisation (p≤0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Of the 41 positive samples, 26 (63.4%) underwent successful sequencing. Eight (30.8%) had 23S rRNA mutations related to azithromycin resistance. One of 26 (3.8%) positive samples with sequencing results had the gyrA gene mutation and 1 of 18 sequenced samples (5.6%) had the parC gene mutation associated with moxifloxacin resistance.
Conclusions
Prevalence rates of M. genitalium in pregnant women was 5.7%. M. genitalium infection disproportionately affects young black women co-infected with T. vaginalis. Pregnant women remain at risk for persistent infection with M. genitalium due to decreased azithromycin susceptibility.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWeiming Tang, Dan Wu, Fan Yang, Cheng Wang, Wenfeng Gong, Kurt Gray, Joseph D. Tucker
Nature, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Nature Medicine, Published online: 14 June 2021; doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01401-x
Pay-it-forward programs, whereby someone receives a gift or free service and then gives a gift to another person in return, have expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide an opportunity for healthcare providers to reduce costs, increase uptake of interventions such as testing and vaccines, and promote sustainability.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrancesco Cilenti, Giulia Barbiera, Nicoletta Caronni, Dario Iodice, Elisa Montaldo, Simona Barresi, Eleonora Lusito, Vincenzo Cuzzola, Francesco Maria Vittoria, Luca Mezzanzanica, Paolo Miotto, Pietro Di Lucia, Dejan Lazarevic, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Matteo Iannacone, Marco Genua, Renato Ostuni
Immunity, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) modulates macrophage activation during homeostasis and disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Cilenti, Barbiera, et al. reveal that PGE2 suppresses inflammatory gene expression by targeting a set of inflammatory gene enhancers marked by MEF2A, a critical regulator of type I interferon induction.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIsabel Guthridge Simon Smith Matthew Law Enzo Binotto Josh Hanson a Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia b Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDenny Chin Mariya I. Goncheva Ronald S. Flannagan David E. Heinrichs aDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKavindra V. Singh Cesar A. Arias Barbara E. Murray Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USAa Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USAb Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombiac UTHealth Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics (CARMiG)d Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USAe
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPablo A. Fraile-Ribot Javier Fernández María A. Gomis-Font Lorena Forcelledo Xavier Mulet Carla López-Causapé Antonio Oliver aServicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain bServicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain cServicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJacinda C. Abdul-Mutakabbir Logan Nguyen Philip T. Maassen Kyle C. Stamper Razieh Kebriaei Keith S. Kaye Mariana Castanheira Michael J. Rybak aAnti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA bDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA cJMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA, USA dWayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKaichao Chen Chen Yang Edward Waichi Chan Sheng Chen 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 2State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIgnacio Monedero-Recuero, Medea Gegia, Douglas Fraser Wares, Sarabjit S Chadha, Fuad Mirzayev
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Laura H. Boogaard, Reina S. Sikkema, Janko van Beek, Henricus J. Brockhoff, Eva Dalebout, Barry de Heus, Sophie L. Niemansburg, David Nieuwenhuijse, Danny Stougje, Ellen Verspui, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Marion Koopmans, Ewout Fanoy
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Lucia Hans, Kim Steegen, Irene Ketseoglou, Zukiswa Mahlumba, Naseem Cassim, Tracey Wiggill, WD Francois Venter, Wendy Stevens
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Abstract
Purpose
Increasing incidences of syphilis highlight the preoccupation with the occurrence of neurosyphilis. This study aimed to understand the current diagnostic tools and their performance to detect neurosyphilis, including new technologies and the variety of existing methods.
Methods
We searched databases to select articles that reported neurosyphilis diagnostic methods and assessed their accuracy, presenting sensitivity and specificity values. Information was synthesized in tables. The risk of bias was examined using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy recommendations.
Results
Fourteen studies were included. The main finding was a remarkable diversity of tests, which had varied purposes, techniques, and evaluation methodologies. There was no uniform criterion or gold standard to define neurosyphilis. The current basis for its diagnosis is clinical suspicion and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. There are new promising tests such as PCR tests and chemokine measurement assays.
Conclusions
The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is still a challenge, despite the variety of existing and developing tests. We believe that the multiplicity of reference standards adopted as criteria for diagnosis reveals the imprecision of the current definitions of neurosyphilis. An important next step for the scientific community is to create a universally accepted diagnostic definition for this disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Abstract
Background & Aims
There is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of nucleos(t) ide analogues (NAs) in the treatment of HBV-ACLF. Our objective was to evaluate the outcomes among TAF, TDF and ETV, three first-line antivirals against chronic hepatitis B, in patients with HBV-ACLF.
Methods
Patients with HBV-related ACLF were recruited and received daily TAF (25 mg/d), TDF (300 mg/d) and ETV (0.5 mg/d). They were prospectively followed-up. The primary endpoint was overall survival at week 12 and week 48, the secondary endpoints were virological response and biochemical response.
Results
Forty gender and age matched eligible subjects were recruited and divided into three groups: TAF group, TDF group and ETV group. By week 48, 8 (80%) patients in TAF group, 6 (60%) patients in TDF group and 17 (85%) patients in ETV group survived without liver transplantation (P = 0.251). After 4 weeks of NAs treatment, all three groups showed paralleling reduction of HBV DNA levels. All three groups presented similar biochemical responses at week 4, patients treated with TAF showed a priority in total bilirubin reduction, albumin and cholesterol maintenance. Additionally, although there was no significant difference in changes of serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cystatin C and estimated GFR among the three groups by treatment week 4, TDF showed unfavorable renal safety even in short -term treatment. The treatment using NAs was well-tolerated and there was no serious drug-related adverse event reported.
Conclusions
TAF, TDF and ETV are of similar efficacy and safety in short-term and long-term treatment of HBV-ACLF.
Trial registration
This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03640728 (05/02/2019).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Abstract
Background
NEW LAV BLOT I and II (LAV I and LAV II), they were only option for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) confirmatory test, following HIV screening test using HIV Ag/Ab combination test in Japan. We evaluated the performance of Geenius HIV-1/2 Confirmatory Assay (Geenius), both as a confirmatory test and for differentiation between HIV-1 and HIV-2, in comparison with LAV I and LAV II.
Methods
Eighty-nine HIV-1-positive plasma specimens, one anti-HIV-1 low-titer performance panel, 10 seroconversion panels, and two anti-HIV-1/2 combo performance panels were tested. The results were read with the Geenius Reader and by visual reading.
Results
All 89 HIV-1-positive plasma specimens were identified as HIV-1-positive using Geenius; this 100% success rate was superior to that with LAV I (95.5% using WHO criteria, 98.9% using CDC criteria). The HIV-1-positive specimens showed low cross-reactivity with HIV-2 lines in Geenius. The sensitivity of Geenius for HIV-1 detection was the same as or greater than that of LAV I, but less than that of Genscreen HIV Ag-Ab ULT, in our analysis of the commercial performance and seroconversion panels. In contrast, five of the 13 HIV-2-positive specimens that had been identified as HIV-positive untypable by visual reading because of their cross-reactivity to HIV-1 lines were successfully identified by the Geenius Reader as HIV-2-positive with cross-reactivity.
Conclusions
Geenius provides strong performance for HIV confirmatory tests and HIV-1 differentiation tests. However, when visual reading is used, its performance in HIV-2 differentiation is less reliable. Because HIV-2 infection has been sporadically reported in Japan, the use of the Geenius Reader is preferable to ensure more reliable HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2021
Tilføjet 14.06.2021
Abstract
Background
Antibiotic resistance is increasing among urinary pathogens, resulting in worse clinical and economic outcomes. We analysed factors associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in patients hospitalized for urinary tract infection, using the comprehensive French national claims database.
Methods
Hospitalized urinary tract infections were identified from 2015 to 2017. Cases (due to ARB) were matched to controls (without ARB) according to year, age, sex, infection, and bacterium. Healthcare-associated (HCAI) and community-acquired (CAI) infections were analysed separately; logistic regressions were stratified by sex.
Results
From 9460 cases identified, 6468 CAIs and 2855 HCAIs were matched with controls. Over a 12-months window, the risk increased when exposure occurred within the last 3 months. The following risk factors were identified: antibiotic exposure, with an OR reaching 3.6 [2.8–4.5] for men with CAI, mostly associated with broad-spectrum antibiotics; surgical procedure on urinary tract (OR 2.0 [1.5–2.6] for women with HCAI and 1.3 [1.1–1.6] for men with CAI); stay in intensive care unit > 7 days (OR 1.7 [1.2–2.6] for men with HCAI). Studied co-morbidities had no impact on ARB.
Conclusions
This study points out the critical window of 3 months for antibiotic exposure, confirms the impact of broad-spectrum antibiotic consumption on ARB, and supports the importance of prevention during urological procedures, and long intensive care unit stays.
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