Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Ingen søgeord valgt.
31 emner vises.
Arash Alavi, Gireesh K. Bogu, Meng Wang, Ekanath Srihari Rangan, Andrew W. Brooks, Qiwen Wang, Emily Higgs, Alessandra Celli, Tejaswini Mishra, Ahmed A. Metwally, Kexin Cha, Peter Knowles, Amir A. Alavi, Rajat Bhasin, Shrinivas Panchamukhi, Diego Celis, Tagore Aditya, Alexander Honkala, Benjamin Rolnik, Erika Hunting, Orit Dagan-Rosenfeld, Arshdeep Chauhan, Jessi W. Li, Caroline Bejikian, Vandhana Krishnan, Lettie McGuire, Xiao Li, Amir Bahmani, Michael P. Snyder
Nature, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Nature Medicine, Published online: 29 November 2021; doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01593-2
In a prospective study, a smartwatch-based alerting system was able to detect pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in a high percentage of cases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDijkstra, M., Prins, H., Prins, J. M., Reiss, P., Boucher, C., Verbon, A., Rokx, C., de Bree, G.
BMJ Open, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Purpose
Initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during acute or early HIV-infection (AEHI) limits the size of the viral reservoir and preserves immune function. This renders individuals who started cART during AEHI promising participants in HIV-cure trials. Therefore, we established a multicentre prospective cohort study in the Netherlands that enrols people with AEHI. In anticipation of future cure trials, we will longitudinally investigate the properties of the viral reservoir size and HIV-specific immune responses among cohort participants.
Participants
Participants immediately initiate intensified cART: dolutegravir, emtricitabine/tenofovir and darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r). After 4 weeks, once baseline resistance data are available, DRV/r is discontinued. Three study groups are assembled based on the preparedness of individuals to participate in the extensiveness of sampling. Participants accepting immediate treatment and follow-up but declining additional sampling are included in study group 1 (‘standard’) and routine diagnostic procedures are performed. Participants willing to undergo blood, leukapheresis and semen sampling are included in study group 2 (‘less invasive’). In study group 3 (‘extended’), additional tissue (gut-associated lymphoid tissue, peripheral lymph node) and cerebrospinal fluid sampling are performed.
Findings to date
Between 2015 and 2020, 140 individuals with AEHI have been enrolled at nine study sites. At enrolment, median age was 36 (IQR 28–47) years, and 134 (95.7%) participants were men. Distribution of Fiebig stages was as follows: Fiebig I, 3 (2.1%); II, 20 (14.3%); III, 7 (5.0%); IV, 49 (35.0%); V, 39 (27.9%); VI, 22 (15.7%). Median plasma HIV RNA was 5.9 (IQR 4.7–6.7) log10 copies/mL and CD4 count 510 (IQR 370–700) cells/mm3. Median time from cART initiation to viral suppression was 8.0 (IQR 4.0–16.0) weeks.
Future plans
The Netherlands Cohort Study on Acute HIV infection remains open for participant enrolment and for additional sites to join the network. This cohort provides a unique nationwide platform for conducting future in-depth virological, immunological, host genetic and interventional studies investigating HIV-cure strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAkhtar, Z., Islam, M. A., Aleem, M. A., Mah-E-Muneer, S., Ahmmed, M. K., Ghosh, P. K., Rahman, M., Rahman, M. Z., Sumiya, M. K., Rahman, M. M., Shirin, T., Alamgir, A. S. M., Banu, S., Rahman, M., Chowdhury, F.
BMJ Open, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Objective
To estimate the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection among severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases-patients during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
Design
Descriptive study.
Setting
Nine tertiary level hospitals across Bangladesh.
Participants
Patients admitted as SARI (defined as cases with subjective or measured fever of ≥38 C° and cough with onset within the last 10 days and requiring hospital admission) case-patients.
Primary and secondary outcomes
Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection and proportion of mortality among SARI case-patients.
Results
We enrolled 1986 SARI case-patients with a median age: 28 years (IQR: 1.2–53 years), and 67.6% were male. Among them, 285 (14.3%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2; 175 (8.8%) were infected with the influenza virus, and five (0.3%) were coinfected with both viruses. There was a non-appearance of influenza during the usual peak season (May to July) in Bangladesh. SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly more associated with diabetes (14.0% vs 5.9%, p<0.001) and hypertension (26.7% vs 11.5%, p<0.001). But influenza among SARI case-patients was significantly less associated with diabetes (4.0% vs 7.4%, p=0.047) and hypertension (5.7% vs 14.4%, p=0.001). The proportion of in-hospital deaths among SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI case-patients were higher (10.9% (n=31) vs 4.4% (n=75), p<0.001) than those without SARS-CoV-2 infection; the proportion of postdischarge deaths within 30 days was also higher (9.1% (n=25) vs 4.6% (n=74), p=0.001) among SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI case-patients than those without infection. No in-hospital mortality or postdischarge mortality was registered among the five coinfected SARI case-patients.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus was not very common and had less disease severity considering mortality in Bangladesh. There was no circulating influenza virus during the influenza peak season during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Future studies are warranted for further exploration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPiromchai, P., Tanamai, N., Kiatthanabumrung, S., Kaewsiri, S., Thongyai, K., Atchariyasathian, V., Thanawirattananit, P., Wacharasindhu, C., Mukkun, T., Isipradit, P., Yimtae, K.
BMJ Open, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Objectives
To report the status and outcomes of cochlear implantation in Thailand.
Design
Cohort study.
Setting
Tertiary care and university hospitals.
Participants
Patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery in Thailand.
Interventions
This project collected data from all government and university hospitals in Thailand where cochlear implant surgery was performed between 2016 and 2020.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
Baseline characteristics, operation data, complications, audiological outcomes and quality of life were reported.
Results
This study included 458 patients, and nearly half of the patients were children and adolescents (46.94%). The mean age of the patients was 2.96±5.83 years. At 1 year postoperatively, the mean pure tone average of the hearing threshold in the implanted ear significantly improved from unaided preoperative baseline (mean difference (MD) 64.23 dB HL; 95% CI 59.81 to 68.65; p<0.001). The mean speech recognition threshold also improved (MD 55.96 dB HL; 95% CI 49.50 to 62.42, p<0.001). The quality-of-life scores of the EQ-5D-5L, PedsQL and HUI3 questionnaires at 1 year showed improved mobility (range, 0–5; MD 0.65; 95% CI 0.05 to 1.25; p=0.037), hearing (range, 0–6; MD 0.96; 95% CI 0.30 to 1.61; p=0.006) and speech (range, 0–5; MD 0.44; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.84; p=0.031). Common complications included electrode dislodgement (2.18%), vertigo (1.23%) and meningitis (1.93%).
Conclusions
Excellent audiological outcomes and improvement in the quality of life in the mobility, hearing and speech domains were observed in patients who underwent cochlear implantation in Thailand.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSanz-Barbero, B., Saurina, C., Serra, L., Renart Vicens, G., Vall-Llosera Casanovas, L., Otero-Garcia, L., Lopez, M. J., Perez, G., Vives-Cases, C.
BMJ Open, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Objectives
To analyse the prevalence of sexual violence (SV) and associated factors in Spanish young adults in the last year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown.
Design
Cross-sectional study based on the online ‘SV in Young People Survey’ (2020).
Setting
Non-institutionalised population residing in Spain.
Participants
2515 men and women aged 18–35 years old. The participants were obtained from a probability based, online closed panel of adults aged 16 or older that is representative of the non-institutionalised population. The sample designed includes quotas by sex, age, region and country of origin.
Outcomes measures and analyses
SV victimisation by sociodemographics, sexual attraction and couple-related characteristics during the past year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown (March–June 2020). Prevalence ratios were calculated using robust Poisson regression models.
Results
In Spain, 8.5% of young people experienced SV during the past year. The greatest prevalence was observed in women with bisexual attraction (17.5%) and in men with homosexual attraction (14.2%). During the COVID-19 lockdown, the prevalence of SV victimisation was lower (1.9%), but unwanted intercourses increased, affecting 64.4% of those exposed to SV during the period. People with homosexual or bisexual attraction were more likely to experience SV in all of the studied periods (PRbefore: 2.01; p<0.001; PRduring: 2.63 p=0.002; PRafter: 2.67; p<0.001). Women were more likely than men to experience SV prior to the lockdown, while no cohabitation increased the likelihood to experience SV after this period
Conclusions
SV victimisation in Spanish youth is high. During COVID-19, there were changes in the magnitude of factors associated with SV. It seems that SV events decreased in people who did not live with their partners, but unwanted intercourses increased. The development of prevention strategies to address SV in youth should take into account social inequalities by sex, sexual orientation and origin.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClark, J. A., Kean, I. R. L., Curran, M. D., Khokhar, F., White, D., Daubney, E., Conway Morris, A., Navapurkar, V., Bartholdson Scott, J., Maes, M., Bousfield, R., Gouliouris, T., Agrawal, S., Inwald, D., Zhang, Z., Török, M. E., Baker, S., Pathan, N.
BMJ Open, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Introduction
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the most commonly treated infection in critically ill children. Pathogens are infrequently identified on routine respiratory culture, and this is a time-consuming process. A syndromic approach to rapid molecular testing that includes a wide range of bacterial and fungal targets has the potential to aid clinical decision making and reduce unnecessary broad spectrum antimicrobial prescribing. Here, we describe a single-centre prospective cohort study investigating the use of a 52-pathogen TaqMan array card (TAC) for LRTI in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Methods and analysis
Critically ill children with suspected LRTI will be enrolled to this 100 patient single-centre prospective observational study in a PICU in the East of England. Samples will be obtained via routine non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage which will be sent for standard microbiology culture in addition to TAC. A blood draw will be obtained via any existing vascular access device. The primary outcomes of the study will be (1) concordance of TAC result with routine culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and (2) time of diagnostic result from TAC versus routine culture. Secondary outcomes will include impact of the test on total antimicrobial prescriptions, a description of the inflammatory profile of the lung and blood in response to pneumonia and a description of the clinical experience of medical and nursing staff using TAC.
Ethics and dissemination
This study has been approved by the Yorkshire and the Humber-Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 20/YH/0089). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be published in peer-reviewed publications and international conferences.
Trial registration number
NCT04233268.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTemple, B., Tran, H. P., Dai, V. T. T., Bright, K., Uyen, D. Y., Balloch, A., Licciardi, P., Nguyen, C. D., Satzke, C., Smith-Vaughan, H., Nguyen, T. V., Muholland, K.
BMJ Open, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Introduction
Reduced-dose schedules offer a more efficient and affordable way to use pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Such schedules rely primarily on the maintenance of herd protection. The Vietnam Pneumococcal Trial II (VPT-II) will evaluate reduced-dose schedules of PCV10 and PCV13 utilising an unvaccinated control group. Schedules will be compared in relation to their effect on nasopharyngeal carriage and immunogenicity.
Methods and analysis
VPT-II is a single-blind open-label randomised controlled trial of 2500 infants in three districts of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Eligible infants have no clinically significant maternal or perinatal history and are born at or after 36 weeks’ gestation. Participants are recruited at 2 months of age and randomly assigned (4:4:4:4:9) using block randomisation, stratified by district, to one of five groups: four intervention groups that receive PCV10 in a 0+1 (at 12 months) or 1+1 (at 2 and 12 months) schedule or PCV13 in the same 0+1 or 1+1 schedule; and a control group (that receives a single dose of PCV10 at 24 months). Participants are followed up to 24 months of age. The primary outcome is vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage at 24 months of age. Secondary outcomes are carriage at 6, 12 and 18 months of age and the comparative immunogenicity of the different schedules in terms of antibody responses, functional antibody responses and memory B cell responses.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval has been obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne and the Vietnam Ministry of Health Ethics Committee. The results, interpretation and conclusions will be presented to parents and guardians, at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed open access journals.
Trial registration number
NCT03098628.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAleksandra J. Ozga, Melvyn T. Chow, Mateus E. Lopes, Rachel L. Servis, Mauro Di Pilato, Philippe Dehio, Jeffrey Lian, Thorsten R. Mempel, Andrew D. Luster
Immunity, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
The chemokine CXCL10 limits formation of memory CD8+ T cells during acute infection, but its role in CD8+ T cell differentiation during chronic infection is unknown. Ozga et al. reveal that CXCL10 expression in the splenic red pulp of chronically infected mice promotes exposure of virus-specific stem-like CD8+ T cells to differentiation signals and limits access to pro-survival signals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPedro Calvão-Pires, Marco Fernandes, Joana Granado, Luís Castelhano, André Caetano, Pedro Soares
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Martina Patone, Lahiru Handunnetthi, Defne Saatci, Jiafeng Pan, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Saif Razvi, David Hunt, Xue W. Mei, Sharon Dixon, Francesco Zaccardi, Kamlesh Khunti, Peter Watkinson, Carol A. C. Coupland, James Doidge, David A. Harrison, Rommel Ravanan, Aziz Sheikh, Chris Robertson, Julia Hippisley-Cox
Nature, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Nature Medicine, Published online: 29 November 2021; doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01644-8
Publisher Correction: Neurological complications after first dose of COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a simple-to-use nomogram for the prediction of syphilis infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangdong Province.
Methods
A serial cross-sectional data of 2184 MSM from 2017 to 2019 was used to develop and validate the nomogram risk assessment model. The eligible MSM were randomly assigned to the training and validation dataset. Factors included in the nomogram were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis based on the training dataset. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to assess its predictive accuracy and discriminative ability.
Results
A total of 2184 MSM were recruited in this study. The prevalence of syphilis was 18.1% (396/2184). Multivariate logistic analysis found that age, the main venue used to find sexual partners, condom use in the past 6 months, commercial sex in the past 6 months, infection with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in the past year were associated with syphilis infection using the training dataset. All these factors were included in the nomogram model that was well calibrated. The C-index was 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.84) in the training dataset, and 0.79 (95% CI 0.75–0.84) in the validation dataset.
Conclusions
A simple-to-use nomogram for predicting the risk of syphilis has been developed and validated among MSM in Guangdong Province. The proposed nomogram shows good assessment performance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.11.2021
Tilføjet 29.11.2021
Abstract
Background
Truck, bus, transit drivers, and men with mobile jobs are at high risk for HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV and risky behaviors among truck and bus drivers in Kurdistan province.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 601 bus and truck drivers in Kurdistan province during 2018–2019. Data on high-risk behaviors were collected using a standard questionnaire. ELISA test was used to detect HIV in the study participants. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U tests, and logistic regression modeling in Stata-14 software.
Results
The mean and standard deviation of the age of study participants was 44.04 ± 11.44 years. HIV rapid test was positive in two subjects; in other words, the prevalence of HIV in the study population was 0.33%. Ninety-two (15.3%) individuals reported a history of drug use, with one (1.1%) having a history of injecting drugs. One hundred and thirty-one (21.8%) of them had a history of high-risk sexual behavior outside of marriage.
Conclusion
According to the results of the present study, the prevalence of high-risk behaviors in bus and truck drivers is high. It seems necessary to direct the drivers’ attention to self-care while considering disciplinary intervention programs to prevent the use of drugs, cigarettes, alcohol along with high-risk sexual behaviors to maintain the health of drivers and passengers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMiao Yu, Deng‐Chao Wang, Sheng Li, Yue‐Hua Lei, Jian Wei, Li‐Yan Huang
Journal of Medical Virology, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
Moustafa Gibory, Tone Bruun, Elmira Flem, Jennifer Lynn Dembinski, Ildri Haltbakk, Ketil Størdal, Svein Arne Nordbø, Kirsti Jakobsen, Elisebet Haarr, Truls Michael Leegaard, Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman
Journal of Medical Virology, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
BMC Infectious Diseases, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
Abstract
Background
Extensive parasitic diseases epidemiology in Zhejiang province has not been carried out since the second national survey in 2004. Therefore, dynamics in prevalence and infection pattern of the major intestinal parasites should be explored.
Methods
The distribution of three parasites including soil-transmitted helminths (STH), intestinal protozoa and C. sinensis in Zhejiang from 2014 to 2015 were explored. Kato-Katz technique was used for STH and C. sinensis detection, whereas transparent adhesive paper anal swab was used for pinworm detection, and iodine smear was used for protozoa detection. A questionnaire survey on alimentary habits and sanitary behaviors was conducted in half of the studied counties.
Results
This study recruited 23,552 participants: 19,935 from rural and 3617 from urban area. Overall prevalence of intestinal helminth infections was 1.80%. In this study, seven helminth species were identified including A. duodenale, N. americanus, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, C. sinensis, Fasciolopsis buski and pinworm. The average prevalence of STH infection was 1.71%: 1.94% in rural and 0.44% in urban area. Hookworm was the most prevalent infection at 1.58%: 1.79% in rural and 0.44% in urban area. Prevalence varied considerably in the studied counties. Prevalence was highest in Yongkang county at 10.25%. Only 2.79% of children from rural area were infected with pinworm. A proportion of 0.40% of rural participants were infected with protozoa, whereas Endolimax nana was the most prevalent at 0.23%. C. sinensis showed infection only in one man. Awareness on C. sinensis was 24.47% in rural and 45.96% in urban area, respectively.
Conclusions
Prevalence of STH and protozoa infections declined considerably whereas C. sinensis infections remained few in Zhejiang province compared with the prevalence reported in previous large scale surveys (19.56% for national STH infection in 2004, 18.66% and 4.57% for provincial STH and protozoa infection, respectively in 1999). The findings of this study showed that hookworm, mainly N. americanus remained a parasitic threat to population health, mainly in the central and western Zhejiang. Therefore, more health education regarding fertilization and farming habits is necessary in rural areas. The awareness concerning hookworm infection should be reinforced.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
Abstract
Background
Carbapenem resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) and Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) are emerging multidrug resistant bacteria with very limited treatment options in case of infection. Both are well-known causes of nosocomial infections and outbreaks in healthcare facilities.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of inpatients with CR Kp and CR Ab in a 1500-bed German university hospital from 2015 to 2019. We present our infection control concept including a weekly microbiologic screening for patients who shared the ward with a CR Kp or CR Ab index patient.
Results
Within 5 years, 141 CR Kp and 60 CR Ab cases were hospitalized corresponding to 118 unique patients (74 patients with CR Kp, 39 patients with CR Ab and 5 patients with both CR Ab and CR Kp). The mean incidence was 0.045 (CR Kp) and 0.019 (CR Ab) per 100 inpatient cases, respectively. Nosocomial acquisition occurred in 53 cases (37.6%) of the CR Kp group and in 12 cases (20.0%) of the CR Ab group. Clinical infection occurred in 24 cases (17.0%) of the CR Kp group and in 21 cases (35.0%) of the CR Ab group. 14 cases (9.9%) of the CR Kp group and 29 cases (48.3%) of the CR Ab group had a history of a hospital stay abroad within 12 months prior to admission to our hospital. The weekly microbiologic screening revealed 4 CR Kp cases caused by nosocomial transmission that would have been missed without repetitive screening.
Conclusions
CR Kp and CR Ab cases occurred infrequently. A history of a hospital stay abroad, particularly in the CR Ab group, warrants pre-emptive infection control measures. The weekly microbiologic screening needs further evaluation in terms of its efficiency.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
Abstract
Aim
This study mainly evaluates the clinical characteristics and chest chest computed tomography (CT) findings of AFB-positive and AFB-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients to explore the relationship between AFB-positive and clinico-radiological findings.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of 224 hospitalized tuberculosis patients from 2018 to 2020 was undertaken. According to the AFB smear results, they were divided into AFB-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (positive by Ziehl–Neelsen staining) and AFB-negative pulmonary tuberculosis and patients’ CT results and laboratory test results were analyzed.
Results
A total of 224 PTB patients were enrolled. AFB-positive (n = 94, 42%) and AFB-negative (n = 130, 58%). AFB-positive patients had more consolidation (77.7% vs. 53.8%, p < 0.01), cavity (55.3% vs. 34.6%, p < 0.01), calcification (38.3% vs. 20%, p < 0.01), bronchiectasis (7.5% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.05), bronchiarctia (6.4% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.05), and right upper lobe involvement (57.5% vs. 33.1%, p < 0.01), left upper lobe involvement (46.8% vs. 33.1%, p < 0.05) and lymphadenopathy (58.5% vs. 37.7%, p < 0.01).
Conclusion
The study found that when pulmonary tuberculosis patients have consolidation, cavity, upper lobe involvement and lymphadenopathy on chest CT images, they may have a higher risk of AFB-positive tuberculosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichael A. Brockhurst, Ellie Harrison
Trends in Microbiology, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
The 'plasmid paradox' arises because, although plasmids are common features of bacterial genomes, theoretically they should not exist: rates of conjugation were believed insufficient to allow plasmids to persist by infectious transmission, whereas the costs of plasmid maintenance meant that plasmids should be purged by negative selection regardless of whether they encoded beneficial accessory traits because these traits should eventually be captured by the chromosome, enabling the loss of the redundant plasmid.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJunlong Liu, Guiquan Guan, Hong Yin
Trends in Parasitology, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
Theileria annulata is a tick-transmitted parasite that causes tropical theileriosis. It is distributed widely across southern Europe, north Africa, and Asia, where approximately 250 million cattle are at risk of T. annulata infection. The parasite's life cycle contains a sexual phase in tick vectors and asexual developmental stages in mammalian hosts. After invading host leukocytes, the parasites reprogram many host signaling pathways and induce replication via poorly understood molecular mechanisms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
Abstract
Background
Malaria is a preventable disease that causes huge morbidity and mortality in malaria-endemic areas, especially among children and pregnant women. The malaria control programme focuses on the prevention of mosquito bites using insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and mosquito aerosol sprays and coils, as well as prevention of severe disease among those infected through prompt and adequate treatment. The success of the malaria control programme in Ghana is dependent on the malaria prevention practices of people in the community. Therefore, this study evaluated the malaria prevention practices of participants in four districts of the Volta Region of Ghana.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ketu South, Nkwanta South, Hohoe Municipality and Ho West districts of the Volta Region of Ghana. Questionnaire were administered to adults who consented to each household visited. Questions were asked on the socio-demographics and malaria prevention practices of the households. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 with frequency distribution done for all the variables. Pearson chi-square was used to determine the significant association between socio-demographics and malaria prevention practices, and Multivariate nominal logistic regression analysis was used to model the relationship between dichotomous dependent variables (ITN ownership and usage) and independent variables.
Results
Out of the 2493 participants; 2234 (89.6%) owned ITN and 1528 (68.4%) used ITN a night before this study, 768 (30.8%) used mosquito aerosol spray and 368 (15%) used mosquito coil. More females significantly owned ITN than males (1293, 92.4%, p ≤ 0.001). Participants from Ketu South had 1.5 times higher odds of owning an ITN compared to Ho West whose odds are not different from Nkwanta South or Hohoe (AOR, 1.56 [95% 1.09–2.22]; p = 0.01). In terms of ITN usage, participants in Nkwanta South were less likely to use ITN compared to the other districts; AOR, 0.434 [95% CI 0.31–0.62, p < 0.001]. Also, of the 668 participants that had a fever within the past 3 days, 268 (40.1%) visited a patent medicine store and 156 (23.4%) visited health facilities.
Conclusion
There is high ownership of ITNs, but relatively low utilization among the community members. Education on malaria prevention practices should be intensified and continuous among the population of the Volta Region to ensure the success of malaria control in the region.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
Abstract
Background
The study aimed to analyse the likelihood of imported malaria in people with a suggestive clinical picture and its distinctive characteristics in a hospital in the south of Madrid, Spain.
Methods
Observational retrospective study that consisted of a review of all medical files of patients with any malaria test registered at Móstoles University Hospital between April 2013 and April 2018. All suspected malaria cases were confirmed by Plasmodium spp. polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
Of the 328 patients with suspected malaria (53.7% migrant-travellers; 38.7% visitors; 7.6% travellers), 108 cases were confirmed (101 by Plasmodium falciparum), accounting for a 33% positive sample rate. Sixteen cases were diagnosed only by PCR. Patients with malaria, compared to those without, presented predominantly with fever (84% vs. 65%), were older (34 vs. 24 years), sought medical attention earlier (17d vs. 32d), had a greater number of previous malaria episodes (74% vs. 60%), lower levels of platelets (110,500µL vs. 250,000µL), and higher of bilirubin (0.6 mg/dL vs. 0.5 mg/dL). Severe malaria was present in 13 cases; no deaths were recorded. Malaria diagnosis showed a bimodal distribution with two peaks: June to September and November to January.
Conclusions
Malaria is still a common diagnosis among febrile patients coming from the tropics specially among migrant travellers. Fever, thrombocytopenia, and/or high bilirubin levels should raise suspicion for this parasitic infection. Prompt diagnosis is crucial to avoid severe cases and deaths.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLorenzo Vittorio Rindi, Samir Al Moghazi, Davide Roberto Donno, Maria Adriana Cataldo, Nicola Petrosillo
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 28.11.2021
One and a half years after the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the high morbidity and mortality across the world is still a concern. To date, more than 255 million confirmed cases have been reported, including more than 5.1 million deaths (WHO, 2021). An extenuating effort in research and clinical efforts led to improvements in diagnostic strategies and therapeutics, however data gathered by the World Health Organization (WHO) about the case fatality rate across the countries are threatening (Ioannidis, 2021).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.11.2021
Tilføjet 27.11.2021
Abstract
Background
To examine whether outdoor transmission may contribute to the COVID-19 epidemic, we hypothesized that slower outdoor wind speed is associated with increased risk of transmission when individuals socialize outside.
Methods
Daily COVID-19 incidence reported in Suffolk County, NY, between March 16th and December 31st, 2020, was the outcome. Average wind speed and maximal daily temperature were collated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Negative binomial regression was used to model incidence rates while adjusting for susceptible population size.
Results
Cases were very high in the initial wave but diminished once lockdown procedures were enacted. Most days between May 1st, 2020, and October 24th, 2020, had temperatures 16–28 °C and wind speed diminished slowly over the year and began to increase again in December 2020. Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted analyses revealed that days with temperatures ranging between 16 and 28 °C where wind speed was < 8.85 km per hour (KPH) had increased COVID-19 incidence (aIRR = 1.45, 95% C.I. = [1.28–1.64], P < 0.001) as compared to days with average wind speed ≥ 8.85 KPH.
Conclusion
Throughout the U.S. epidemic, the role of outdoor shared spaces such as parks and beaches has been a topic of considerable interest. This study suggests that outdoor transmission of COVID-19 may occur by noting that the risk of transmission of COVID-19 in the summer was higher on days with low wind speed. Outdoor use of increased physical distance between individuals, improved air circulation, and use of masks may be helpful in some outdoor environments where airflow is limited.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2021
Tilføjet 27.11.2021
Abstract
Background
The high misdiagnosis rate of asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS) has long challenged infectious disease clinicians. We aim to develop a model for diagnosing ANS in asymptomatic syphilis (AS) patients without CSF indicators.
Results
277 AS patients with HIV-negative and underwent lumbar puncture were enrolled in this horizontal study.The area under the curve for predicting ANS by CSF leukocytes and protein was 0.643 and 0.675 [95% CI, 0.583–0.699VS.0.616–0.729]. Through LRM, the AUC increased to 0.806 [95% CI, 0.732–0.832], and the Youden's index was 0.430. If the score is ≤ 0.159, ANS can be excluded with a predictive value of 92.9%; we can identify ANS while the score is over 0.819, with a predictive value of 91.7% and a specificity of 99.25%. This study showed that the LRM can diagnose ANS in AS patients effectively.
Conclusion
Given a large number of misdiagnosis ANS patients and CSF results' insufficiency, the model is more practical. Our research will help clinicians track suspected syphilis, especially those who cannot accept the CSF test.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2021
Tilføjet 27.11.2021
Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the seasonality of confirmed malaria cases in Togo and to provide new indicators of malaria seasonality to the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP).
Methods
Aggregated data of confirmed malaria cases were collected monthly from 2008 to 2017 by the Togo’s NMCP and stratified by health district and according to three target groups: children < 5 years old, children ≥ 5 years old and adults, and pregnant women. Time series analysis was carried out for each target group and health district. Seasonal decomposition was used to assess the seasonality of confirmed malaria cases. Maximum and minimum seasonal indices, their corresponding months, and the ratio of maximum/minimum seasonal indices reflecting the importance of malaria transmission, were provided by health district and target group.
Results
From 2008 to 2017, 7,951,757 malaria cases were reported in Togo. Children < 5 years old, children ≥ 5 years old and adults, and pregnant women represented 37.1%, 57.7% and 5.2% of the confirmed malaria cases, respectively. The maximum seasonal indices were observed during or shortly after a rainy season and the minimum seasonal indices during the dry season between January and April in particular. In children < 5 years old, the ratio of maximum/minimum seasonal indices was higher in the north, suggesting a higher seasonal malaria transmission, than in the south of Togo. This is also observed in the other two groups but to a lesser extent.
Conclusions
This study contributes to a better understanding of malaria seasonality in Togo. The indicators of malaria seasonality could allow for more accurate forecasting in malaria interventions and supply planning throughout the year.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2021
Tilføjet 27.11.2021
Abstract
Background
Effective vaccines are now available for SARS-CoV-2 in the 2nd year of the COVID-19 pandemic, but there remains significant uncertainty surrounding the necessary vaccination rate to safely lift occupancy controls in public buildings and return to pre-pandemic norms. The aim of this paper is to estimate setting-specific vaccination thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 to prevent sustained community transmission using classical principles of airborne contagion modeling. We calculated the airborne infection risk in three settings, a classroom, prison cell block, and restaurant, at typical ventilation rates, and then the expected number of infections resulting from this risk at varying percentages of occupant immunity.
Results
We estimate the setting-specific immunity threshold for control of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 to range from a low of 40% for a mechanically ventilation classroom to a high of 85% for a naturally ventilated restaurant.
Conclusions
If vaccination rates are limited to a theoretical minimum of approximately two-thirds of the population, enhanced ventilation above minimum standards for acceptable air quality is needed to reduce the frequency and severity of SARS-CoV-2 superspreading events in high-risk indoor environments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2021
Tilføjet 27.11.2021
Abstract
Background
The long-term outcome is currently a crucial issue in critical care, and we aim to address the association between culture positivity and long-term mortality in critically ill patients.
Methods
We used the 2015–2019 critical care database at Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Taiwanese nationwide death registration files. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was conducted to determine hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
We enrolled 4488 critically ill patients, and the overall mortality was 55.2%. The follow-up duration among survivors was 2.2 ± 1.3 years. We found that 52.6% (2362/4488) of critically ill patients had at least one positive culture during the admission, and the number of patients with positive culture in the blood, respiratory tract and urinary tract were 593, 1831 and 831, respectively. We identified that a positive culture from blood (aHR 1.233; 95% CI 1.104–1.378), respiratory tract (aHR 1.217; 95% CI 1.109–1.364) and urinary tract (aHR 1.230; 95% CI 1.109–1.364) correlated with an increased risk of long-term mortality after adjusting relevant covariates.
Conclusions
Through linking two databases, we found that positive culture in the blood, respiratory tract and urinary tract during admission correlated with increased long-term overall mortality in critically ill patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2021
Tilføjet 27.11.2021
Abstract
Background
Bacteremia due to the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) is associated with specific diseases, such as colorectal cancer and infective endocarditis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of SBSEC bacteremia and the accuracy of identification of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and phenotypic identification systems for SBSEC isolates.
Methods
We analyzed patients with SBSEC bacteremia retrospectively between 2012 and 2019 at three hospitals in Japan. We re-identified each SBSEC isolate using sequencing superoxide dismutase (sodA) analysis, MALDI-TOF MS using the MALDI Biotyper, and phenotypic identification using the VITEK2.
Results
During the study period, 39 patients with SBSEC bacteremia were identified. S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (SGSP, n = 29), S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGSG, n = 5), S. lutetiensis (SL, n = 4), and S. infantarius subsp. infantarius (n = 1) were identified using sodA sequencing analysis. Primary bacteremia (36%) was the most common cause of bacteremia, followed by infective endocarditis (26%) and biliary tract infections (23%). Colorectal cancer was associated significantly with SGSG bacteremia, while the sources of bacteremia were similar in each SBSEC subspecies. The MALDI Biotyper was significantly more accurate in identifying the SBSEC isolates at the subspecies level compared to the VITEK2 (92% vs. 67%, P = 0.010). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the rates of correct identification of the SBSEC isolates at the species level between the MALDI Biotyper and the VITEK2 (100% vs. 87%, P = 0.055).
Conclusions
Bacteremia with SGSG was associated with colorectal cancer, and the sources of bacteremia were similar in each SBSEC subspecies. The MALDI-TOF MS was significantly more accurate in identifying SBSEC isolates at the subspecies level than the phenotypic identification systems. The accurate identification of SBSEC isolates using the MALDI-TOF MS and phenotypic identification systems was sufficient at the species level, but it was insufficient at the subspecies level. Therefore, it may be reasonable for clinicians to perform echocardiographies and colonoscopies in all patients with SBSEC bacteremia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2021
Tilføjet 27.11.2021
Abstract
Background
Identifying the biological subclasses of septic shock might provide specific targeted therapies for the treatment and prognosis of septic shock. It might be possible to find biological markers for the early prediction of septic shock prognosis.
Methods
The data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus databases (GEO) in NCBI. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to investigate the functional annotation of up- and downregulated DEGs. ROC curves were drawn, and their areas under the curves (AUCs) were determined to evaluate the predictive value of the key genes.
Results
117 DEGs were obtained, including 36 up- and 81 downregulated DEGs. The AUC for the MME gene was 0.879, as a key gene with the most obvious upregulation in septic shock. The AUC for the THBS1 gene was 0.889, as a key downregulated gene with the most obvious downregulation in septic shock.
Conclusions
The upregulation of MME via the renin-angiotensin system pathway and the downregulation of THBS1 through the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway might have implications for the early prediction of prognosis of septic shock in patients with pneumopathies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZheng Hao, Liang Ze-Ying, Li Wen-Ge, Chen Xiao-Ping, Yu-Jun Dong
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26.11.2021
Tilføjet 27.11.2021
Here we reported two strains of Saccharothrix spp. which were detected by direct culture with M1 beads enrichment of two febrile neutropenia patients’ blood samples.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEsther R. Angert
Trends in Microbiology, 26.11.2021
Tilføjet 27.11.2021
When these large, motile microbes were first discovered their unusual cell morphology and reproductive biology led to the proposal that Epulopiscium spp. were a new kind of microbial eukaryote. Later, molecular phylogeny revealed that Epulopiscium spp. are bacteria. Additional 16S rRNA gene surveys have demonstrated that epulos comprise a diverse group of closely related bacteria living inside surgeonfish from tropical reef systems around the globe, including the Great Barrier Reef, Hawaii, Guam, and other Indo-Pacific Islands, as well as surgeonfish in the Atlantic Ocean.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed