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The PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Min Young Kim, Jae Woo Han, Quang Le Dang, Jin-Cheol Kim, Hun Kim, Gyung Ja Choi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
by Min Young Kim, Jae Woo Han, Quang Le Dang, Jin-Cheol Kim, Hun Kim, Gyung Ja Choi
Alternaria porri (Ellis) Clf. causes purple blotch disease on Allium plants which results in the reduction of crop yields and quality. In this study, to efficiently find natural antifungal compounds against A. porri, we optimized the culture condition for the spore production of A. porri and the disease development condition for an in vivo antifungal assay. From tested plant materials, the methanol extracts derived from ten plant species belonging to the families Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apocynaceae, Lauraceae, and Melastomataceae were selected as potent antifungal agents against A. porri. In particular, the methanol extract of Caryodaphnopsis baviensis (Lec.) A.-Shaw completely inhibited the growth of A. porri at a concentration of 111 μg/ml. Based on chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses, a neolignan compound magnolol was identified as the antifungal compound of the C. baviensis methanol extract. Magnolol showed a significant inhibitory activity against the spore germination and mycelial growth of A. porri with IC50 values of 4.5 and 5.4 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, when magnolol was sprayed onto onion plants at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, it showed more than an 80% disease control efficacy for the purple blotch diseases. In terms of the antifungal mechanism of magnolol, we explored the in vitro inhibitory activity on individual oxidative phosphorylation complexes I–V, and the results showed that magnolol acts as multiple inhibitors of complexes I–V. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the potential of magnolol as an active ingredient with antifungal inhibitory action to control purple blotch on onions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKara D. Wyatt, Demba Sarr, Kaori Sakamoto, Wendy T. Watford
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
by Kara D. Wyatt, Demba Sarr, Kaori Sakamoto, Wendy T. Watford
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to Toll-like receptors (TLR) and cytokine receptors. Global ablation of Tpl2 leads to severe disease in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, characterized by respiratory distress, and studies in bone marrow chimeric mice implicated Tpl2 in non-hematopoietic cells. Lung epithelial cells are primary targets and replicative niches of influenza viruses; however, the specific regulation of antiviral responses by Tpl2 within lung epithelial cells has not been investigated. Herein, we show that Tpl2 is basally expressed in primary airway epithelial cells and that its expression increases in both type I and type II airway epithelial cells (AECI and AECII) in response to influenza infection. We used Nkx2.1-cre to drive Tpl2 deletion within pulmonary epithelial cells to delineate epithelial cell-specific functions of Tpl2 during influenza infection in mice. Although modest increases in morbidity and mortality were attributed to cre-dependent deletion in lung epithelial cells, no alterations in host cytokine production or lung pathology were observed. In vitro, Tpl2 inhibition within the type I airway epithelial cell line, LET1, as well as genetic ablation in primary airway epithelial cells did not alter cytokine production. Overall, these findings establish that Tpl2-dependent defects in cells other than AECs are primarily responsible for the morbidity and mortality seen in influenza-infected mice with global Tpl2 ablation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSunggyun Park, Soon Hee Chang, Jae Hee Lee, Jong Ho Lee, Ji Yeon Ham, Yu Kyung Kim, Sang-Gyung Kim, Nam Hee Ryoo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
by Sunggyun Park, Soon Hee Chang, Jae Hee Lee, Jong Ho Lee, Ji Yeon Ham, Yu Kyung Kim, Sang-Gyung Kim, Nam Hee Ryoo
Background Early and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to prevent spread of the infection. Understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is insufficient, particularly in relation to those whose responses persist for more than 1 month after the onset of symptoms. We conducted a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test to identify factors affecting the serological response and to evaluate its diagnostic utility in patients with COVID-19. Methods and finding We collected 1,048 residual serum samples from 396 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. The samples had been used for routine admission tests in six healthcare institutions in Daegu. Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed and the cutoff index (COI) was calculated for quantitative analysis. The patients’ information was reviewed to evaluate the relationship between antibody positivity and clinical characteristics. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rate was 85% and the average COI was 24·3. The positivity rate and COI increased with time elapsed since symptom onset. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody persisted for at least 13 weeks after symptom onset at a high COI. There was a significant difference in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rate between patients with and without symptoms, but not according to sex or disease course. The descending COI pattern at weeks 1 to 5 after symptom onset was significantly more frequent in patients who died than in those who recovered. Conclusions Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody persisted for at least 13 weeks at a high COI in patients with COVID-19. A decreasing COI pattern up to fifth week may be associated with a poor prognosis of COVID-19. As new treatments and vaccines are introduced, it is important to monitor continuously the usefulness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNoori Akhtar-Danesh, Andrea Baumann, Mary Crea-Arsenio, Valentina Antonipillai
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
by Noori Akhtar-Danesh, Andrea Baumann, Mary Crea-Arsenio, Valentina Antonipillai
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating consequences worldwide, including a spike in global mortality. Residents of long-term care homes have been disproportionately affected. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the scale of pandemic-related deaths of long-term care residents in the province of Ontario, Canada, and to estimate excess mortality due to a positive COVID-19 test adjusted for demographics and regional variations. Crude mortality rates for 2019 and 2020 were compared, as were predictors of mortality among residents with positive and negative tests from March 2020 to December 2020. We found the crude mortality rates were higher from April 2020 to June 2020 and from November 2020 to December 2020, corresponding to Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the pandemic in Ontario. There were also substantial increases in mortality among residents with a positive COVID-19 test. The significant differences in excess mortality observed in relation to long-term care home ownership category and geographic region may indicate gaps in the healthcare system that warrant attention from policymakers. Further investigation is needed to identify the most relevant factors in explaining these differences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaulraj Kanmani, Hojun Kim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
by Paulraj Kanmani, Hojun Kim
Hepatic fibrosis is caused by the increased accumulation and improper degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the liver. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is a key process in initiating hepatic fibrosis and can be ameliorated by the administration of probiotic strains. This study hypothesized that LAB strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, and Weissella cibaria) might attenuate pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β mediated HSCs activation and induce collagen deposition, expression of other fibrogenic/inflammatory markers, autophagy, and apoptotic processes in vitro. Few studies have evaluated the probiotic effects against fibrogenesis in vitro. In this study, TGF-β exposure increased collagen deposition in LX-2 cells, but this increase was diminished when the cells were pretreated with LAB strains before TGF-β stimulation. TGF-β not only increased collagen deposition, but it also significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of Col1A1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), IL-6, CXCL-8, CCL2, and IL-1β in LX-2 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with LAB strains counteracted the TGF-β-induced pro-fibrogenic and inflammatory markers by modulating SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent TGF-β signaling. In addition, LX-2 cells exposed to TGF-β induced the autophagic and apoptotic associated proteins that were also positively regulated by the LAB strains. These findings suggest that LAB can attenuate TGF-β signaling that is associated with liver fibrogenesis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDilaram Acharya, Antoine Lewin, Amaury Gaussen, Gilles Lambert, Christian Renaud, Karlitaj Nawej, Thomas G. Poder
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
by Dilaram Acharya, Antoine Lewin, Amaury Gaussen, Gilles Lambert, Christian Renaud, Karlitaj Nawej, Thomas G. Poder
Background and objective Assessment criteria for septic transfusion reactions (STRs) are variable around the world. A scoping review will be carried out to find out, explore and map existing literature on STRs associated criteria. Methods This scoping review will include indexed and grey literatures available in English or French language from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2021. Literature search will be conducted using four electronic databases (i.e., MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Embase via Ovid), and grey literatures accompanying the research questions and objectives. Based on the inclusion criteria, studies will be independently screened by two reviewers for title, abstract, and full text. Extracted data will be presented in tabular form followed by a narrative description of inputs corresponding to research objectives and questions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Abstract
Purpose
Childhood bone and joint infection (BJI) is a potentially severe disease that may have permanent sequelae, including growth impairment and limb deformity. It has been characterised in the literature with a focus on Western epidemiology; there are currently no reports detailing global epidemiology and bacteriology. This omits key data from determining temporal trends, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and resource allocation. This review aims to identify studies that characterise the incidence of childhood bone and joint infection or provide detailed bacteriology within their region.
Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed from 01/01/1980 to 31/12/2020. Data has been analysed to give incidence of disease per 100,000 children, primary pathogen by country where available, and risk ratio (RR) for disease by ethnicity. This is applicable for areas that experience race-related inequitable burden of disease.
Results
Forty-four articles met the inclusion area; of these, seven were population-wide studies, primarily from Europe or the United States, and the remainder were cohort studies. Incidence could be derived from 26 studies compromising over 34, 000 children. Information on bacteriology was available from 39 publications (10, 957 cases). Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in the West. Recently, disease secondary to Kingella kingae and methicillin-resistant S. aureus has increased. Salmonella remains a dominant pathogen in African regions. Increased risk of disease is observed in Aboriginal, New Zealand Māori, Pacific, Indigenous Fijian, and Bedouin children.
Conclusion
The current state of the literature detailing incidence of childhood BJI focuses on disease patterns from the West. There is a paucity of high-quality publications in the developing world. Despite these limitations, global trends in burden of disease show race-related inequitable risk of BJI. Temporal and regional variation in bacteriology can be demonstrated.
Level of evidence: III.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Bettinger, J. A., Sadarangani, M., De Serres, G., Valiquette, L., Vanderkooi, O. G., Kellner, J. D., Muller, M. P., Top, K. A., Isenor, J. E., McGeer, A., Marty, K., Canadian Immunization Research Network
BMJ Open, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Introduction
COVID-19 vaccines require enhanced safety monitoring after emergency approval. The Canadian National Vaccine Safety Network monitors the safety of COVID-19 vaccines and provides enhanced monitoring for healthy, auto-immune, immunocompromised, pregnant and breastfeeding populations and allows for the detection of safety signals.
Methods and analysis
Online participant reporting of health events in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals 12 years of age and older is captured in three surveys: 1 week after dose 1, 1 week after dose 2 and 7 months after dose 1. Medically attended events are followed up by telephone. The number, percentage, rate per 10 000 and incident rate ratios with 95% CIs are calculated by health event, vaccine type, sex and in 10-year age groups.
Ethics and dissemination
Each study site has Research Ethics Board approvals for the project (UBC Children’s & Women’s, CIUSSS de l'Estrie—CHUS, Health PEI, Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, IWK Health, Unity Health Toronto and CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Ethics Boards). Individuals are invited to participate in this active surveillance and electronic consent is given before proceeding to each survey. Weekly reports are shared with public health and posted on the study website. At least one peer-reviewed manuscript is produced.
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Yang, M., Liu, X., Hu, Q., Li, J., Fu, S., Chen, D., Wu, Y., Luo, A., Zhang, X., Feng, R., Xu, G., Liu, C., Jiang, H., Liu, W.
BMJ Open, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Introduction
The acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has a seriously negative impact on patients’ healths condition and disease progression. Bacterial infection is closely related to AECOPD, and antibiotics are frequently used in clinical practice. The lack of specific biomarkers for rational antibiotics use always leads to antibiotics abuse in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) flare-ups. Eosinopenia has been considered to be related to increased bacterial load of potentially pathogenic organisms at the onset of COPD exacerbations. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether eosinopenia could be used as a reference for the use of antibiotics in AECOPD.
Methods and analysis
In this study, a hospital-based retrospective cohort design will be adopted to analyse the clinical data of inpatients who are primarily diagnosed with AECOPD in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Relevant data will be extracted from the Clinical Big Data Platform for Scientific Research in West China Hospital, including demographic characteristics, blood eosinophil count, procalcitonin, C reactive protein, microbial cultivation, antibiotics use, length of hospital stay, non-invasive ventilation use, intensive care unit transfer and mortality, etc. The collected data will be described and inferred by corresponding statistical methods according to the data type and their distributions. Multiple binary logistic regression models will be used to analyse the relationship between blood eosinophil count and bacterial infection. The antibiotics use, and patient morbidity and mortality will be compared between patients with or without eosinopenia.
Ethics and dissemination
This study has been approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Board of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (Approval No. 2020-1056). And the research results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Trial registration number
ChiCTR2000039379.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Bertuzzi, L., El Aarbaoui, T., Heron, M., Gosselin, A., Roy-de-Lachaise, L., Fossi, L., Della Corte, F., Vignier, N., Melchior, M., Schreiber, M., Vandentorren, S., Vuillermoz, C.
BMJ Open, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Introduction
In the pandemic, healthcare professionals face even higher levels of stress. It is therefore a priority to estimate the impact of the pandemic on mental health and to propose targeted strategies to improve resilience. The aims of the study were to (1) assess the mental health of healthcare professionals working with patients with COVID-19 and identify social determinants that may increase the risk of negative outcomes; and (2) test the effectiveness of an intervention to improve the resilience of healthcare professionals in France.
Methods and analysis
To evaluate the first objective, a national longitudinal study will be carried out among healthcare professionals working with patients with COVID-19. Participants will be recruited via an internet link that will be widely disseminated on social media, mailing lists, medical boards and French medical journals. Primary outcomes are mental health distress/symptoms and resilience. Secondary outcomes are burnout, social and occupational supports and substance use. To meet the second objective, an interventional study will be conducted. The main outcome is the effectiveness of the PsySTART-Responder and the Anticipate.Plan.Deter program. Qualitative analyses will be conducted to understand the strategies used to cope with the pandemic.
Ethics and dissemination
The study protocol was approved by the Sorbonne Université Ethical Committee (No 2020-CER-2020-27) and was declared to French Commission on Information Technology and Liberties, CNIL (N°2222413, 20-05-2021). The results of this study will provide a better understanding of mental health and social inequalities in mental health among healthcare professionals working in the pandemic; data about the effectiveness of the PsySTART-Responder and the Anticipate.Plan.Deter interventional program in France.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Cheema, S., Joy, C., Pople, J., Snape-Burns, J., Trevarthen, T., Matharu, M.
BMJ Open, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Objectives
To present the results of a survey of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) secondary to spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, documenting the patient experience of its diagnosis and management as well as quantifying its impact on quality of life.
Design
A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was designed in conjunction with the CSF Leak Association patient charity. The survey included questions on diagnosis, investigations and treatments received, as well as validated disability and quality of life questionnaires.
Participants
Sixty-four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SIH who were receiving treatment within the UK were included in the analysis. The mean age was 42.8 years, 94% were female and 43 had ongoing symptoms of SIH.
Results
Patients who presented to their general practitioner with symptoms of SIH were seen an average three times before being referred to a specialist, and in just under half of patients, the diagnosis was not made by the first specialist they saw. There was variability in which investigations were performed and how urgently they were organised. The mean EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) Visual Analogue Scale score was 36.4/100 and median Headache Impact Test-6 score was 68/78 (very severe impact). More than half of the respondents reported that they had to amend work duties due to SIH, more than a quarter reported that they had lost their job and two-thirds reported that their condition had affected their financial health. Only 23.4% of patients felt that they had received enough help and advice to manage their pain due to SIH.
Conclusions
SIH is a highly disabling disorder, affecting multiple domains, including pain, mobility, activities of daily living, financial circumstances and employment. Diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis are common, and currently there is a lack of consistency in the investigation and management of SIH in the UK.
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Paul Feuerstadt, Thomas J. Louie, Bret Lashner, Elaine E.L. Wang, Liyang Diao, Jessica A. Bryant, Matthew Sims, Colleen S. Kraft, Stuart H. Cohen, Charles S. Berenson, Louis Y. Korman, Christopher B. Ford, Kevin D. Litcofsky, Mary-Jane Lombardo, Jennifer R. Wortman, Henry Wu, John G. Auniņš, Christopher W.J. McChalicher, Jonathan A. Winkler, Barbara H. McGovern, Michele Trucksis, Matthew R. Henn, Lisa von Moltke
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 386, Issue 3, Page 220-229, January 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Harvey V. Fineberg, Stephen Morrissey
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Hiam Chemaitelly, Roberto Bertollini
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Roos S.G. Sablerolles, Wim J.R. Rietdijk, Abraham Goorhuis, Douwe F. Postma, Leo G. Visser, Daryl Geers, Katharina S. Schmitz, Hannah M. Garcia Garrido, Marion P.G. Koopmans, Virgil A.S.H. Dalm, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Anke L.W. Huckriede, Melvin Lafeber, Debbie van Baarle, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Rory D. de Vries, P. Hugo M. van der Kuy
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Yura K. Ko, Yuki Furuse, Kota Ninomiya, Kanako Otani, Hiroki Akaba, Reiko Miyahara, Tadatsugu Imamura, Takeaki Imamura, Alex R. Cook, Mayuko Saito, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Epidemiological findings on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have accumulated at an unprecedented rate. A key finding is the heterogeneity in the number of secondary transmissions, which is often characterized as overdispersion. Super-spreading events are essential factors contributing to the sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Endo et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020) similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (Leo et al., 2003) and other infectious diseases (Kucharski and Althaus, 2015; Lau et al., 2017; Wong et al., 2015).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedS. Nsanzimana, G. Rwibasira, S.S. Malamba, G. Musengimana, E. Kayirangwa, S. Jonnalagadda, E. Fazito, J. Eaton, V. Mugisha, E. Remera, M. Semakula, A. Mulindabigwi, FJ. Omolo, L. Wiesner, C. Moore, H. Patel, J. Justman
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Ibrahim Khairul‐Anwar, Shahidan Wan‐Nazatul‐Shima, Zainuddin Siti‐Lailatul‐Akmar, Ab Hamid Siti‐Azrin, Embong Zunaina
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Joara Raiza Fontes Barros Bomfim, Carolina Orge Anunciação Bacelar, Marinho Marques da Silva Neto, Cristina Salles, Ana Marice Teixeira Ladeia, Mara Renata Rissatto‐Lago
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Mengxia Ye, Shuo Li, Ping Luo, Xuan Tang, Quan Gong, Bing Mei
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Zhong‐hua Wang, Bing‐qi Fu, Ying‐wen Lin, Xue‐biao Wei, Heng Geng, Wei‐xin Guo, Hui‐qing Yuan, You‐wan Liao, Tie‐he Qin, Fei Li, Shou‐hong Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Elisa Rubio, Andrea Vergara, Fátima Aziz, Sofía Narváez, Genoveva Cuesta, María Hernández, David Toapanta, Francesc Marco, Javier Fernández, Alex Soriano, Jordi Vila, Climent Casals-Pascual
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
To investigate if the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota determines the risk of multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) acquisition, infection and mortality in patients admitted to a liver intensive care unit (ICU).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOllier Quentin, Pillet Sylvie, Mory Olivier, Gagnaire Julie, Thuiller Charlotte, Annino Nadine, Gagneux-Brunon Amandine, Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth, Bourlet Thomas, Pozzetto Bruno, Cantais Aymeric
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
This study aimed at evaluating the immunochromatographic COVID19Speed-Antigen Test (BioSpeedia, France) as antigen point-of-care test (AgPOCT) to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in the paediatric emergency department of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.
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