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1
Health Workers Fear Profits May Trump Safety in New CDC Recs
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
As the agency develops key guidelines on infection control for hospitals, nursing homes, and other healthcare facilities, some workers feared the advice will put money above safety. KFF Health News
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2
Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions, World Health Organization European Region, 1949 to 2021
Omar Chidiac, Sawsan AlMukdad, Manale Harfouche, Emma Harding-Esch and Laith J Abu-Raddad
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
BackgroundEpidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection remains inadequately understood. AimWe aimed to characterise NG epidemiology in Europe. MethodsWe used Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines to systematically review, report, synthesise and analyse NG prevalence data from 1949 to 30 September 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled prevalence. Meta-regression analyses investigated associations and sources of heterogeneity. ResultsThe 844 included publications yielded 1,573 prevalence measures. Pooled prevalence of current urogenital infection was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.7–1.2%) among general populations, 3.2% (95% CI: 1.8–4.8%) among female sex workers, 4.9% (95% CI: 4.2–5.6%) among sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees and 12.1% (95% CI: 8.8–15.8%) among symptomatic men. Among men who have sex with men, pooled prevalence was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5–1.4%), 5.6% (95% CI: 3.6–8.1%), and 3.8% (95% CI: 2.5–5.4%), respectively, for current urogenital, anorectal or oropharyngeal infection. Current urogenital, anorectal or oropharyngeal infection was 1.45-fold (95% CI: 1.19–1.77%), 2.75-fold (95% CI: 1.89–4.02%) and 2.64-fold (95% CI: 1.77–3.93%) higher among men than women. Current urogenital infection declined 0.97-fold (95% CI: 0.96–0.98%) yearly, but anorectal and oropharyngeal infection increased (1.02-fold; 95% CI: 1.01–1.04% and 1.02-fold; 95% CI: 1.00–1.04%), respectively. ConclusionsNeisseria gonorrhoeae epidemiology in Europe has distinct and contrasting epidemiologies for vaginal sex transmission in heterosexual sex networks vs anal and oral sex transmission in MSM sexual networks. Increased transmission may facilitate drug-resistant strain emergence. Europe is far from achieving the World Health Organization target of 90% incidence reduction by 2030.
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3
Longer IV Ertapenem Course Beneficial for Recalcitrant HS
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
2019 treatment guidelines published recommended ertapenem as a highly effective third-line therapy limited to a shorter course, as rescue therapy or during surgical planning. MDedge News
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4
Postinfectious Cough: Are Treatments Ever Warranted?
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 15.02.2024
Tilføjet 15.02.2024
Facing limited data and an absence of guidelines, clinicians debate what to do. Medscape Medical News
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5
Rubella Screening in Pregnancy No Longer Recommended in Italy
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
The elimination of the endemic transmission of rubella in Italy prompted a reconsideration of the country’s pregnancy guidelines. Medscape Medical News
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6
Mask Rift Puts Health Workers in Jeopardy Again
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
\'Guidelines that are incomplete, weak, and without scientific basis will greatly undermine CDC’s credibility,\' said a former OSHA director. KFF Health News
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7
RECOMMENDATIONS AND REPORTS: CDC Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax, 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
This report describes updated guidelines and recommendations for prevention and treatment of anthrax.
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8
Increasing proportions of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates among Escherichia coli from urine and bloodstream infections: results from a nationwide surveillance network, Finland, 2008 to 2019
Heikki Ilmavirta, Jukka Ollgren, Kati Räisänen, Tuure Kinnunen, Antti J Hakanen, Jari Jalava and Outi Lyytikäinen
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 27.10.2023
Tilføjet 27.10.2023
BackgroundEscherichia coli is the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) and bloodstream infections (BSI), and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in E. coli causes concern. AimTo investigate changes in the proportion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates among E. coli isolated from urine and blood in Finland during 2008–2019. MethodsSusceptibility testing of 1,568,488 urine (90% female, 10% male) and 47,927 blood E. coli isolates (61% female, 39% male) from all Finnish clinical microbiology laboratories during 2008–2019 was performed according to guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute during 2008–2010 and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing during 2011–2019. A binomial regression model with log link compared observed trends over time and by age group and sex. ResultsThe annual proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates among E. coli from blood cultures increased from 2.4% (23/966) to 8.6% (190/2,197) among males (average annual increase 7.7%; 95% CI: 4.4–11.0%, p
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9
AHA Updates CPR Guidelines on Cardiac Arrest After Poisoning
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 3.10.2023
Tilføjet 3.10.2023
The AHA update now includes the use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for patients whose condition is refractory to other treatments. Medscape Medical News
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10
New ESC Guidelines for Infective Endocarditis
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 27.08.2023
Tilføjet 27.08.2023
Endocarditis can present with many different clinical scenarios, so making the diagnosis can be challenging, says a co-chair of newly issued European guidelines for managing this disease. Medscape Medical News
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11
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and reporting practices of public hospital microbiology laboratories in Greece, 2022: A national observational survey and call for action
Sofia Karagiannidou, Ioannis Kopsidas, Michalis Polemis, Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou and Theoklis Zaoutis
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 25.08.2023
Tilføjet 25.08.2023
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Greece is among the highest across the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), with high AMR rates even to last-line antibiotics. To better understand the clinical microbiology laboratory practices and capacities in species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) across public healthcare establishments in Greece, we sent a questionnaire to 98 of 128 public hospital microbiology laboratories between 1 February and 1 April 2022. Of the 73.5% (72/98) that responded, 51.4% (37/72) reported using EUCAST guidelines. Two of three laboratories used an automated instrument for species identification and AST for all laboratory samples. Broth microdilution for colistin susceptibility testing was used by 46 of the laboratories, more frequently in larger (> 400 beds) versus smaller (
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12
Impact of intensified prevention measures on rates of hospital-acquired bloodstream infection in medical-surgical intensive care units, Israel, 2011 to 2019
Debby Ben-David, Azza Vaturi, Liat Wulffhart, Elizabeth Temkin, Ester Solter, Yehuda Carmeli, Mitchell J Schwaber and the National HA-BSI Prevention Working Group
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 23.06.2023
Tilføjet 23.06.2023
BackgroundCentral line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is among the most common preventable infectious complications in patients in intensive care units (ICU). In 2011, the Israel National Center for Infection Control initiated a nationwide CLABSI prevention programme. AimTo evaluate the impact of different components of the programme on CLABSI and non-CLABSI rates in medical-surgical ICUs. MethodsWe included data collected from all 29 medical-surgical ICUs in Israel from November 2011 to December 2019. The study period was divided into three phases: I (baseline, initial CLABSI prevention guidelines introduced, initial feedback on rates provided), II (initial guidelines widely implemented, surveillance undertaken, feedback continued) and III (after implementation of additional prevention measures). Interrupted time series analysis was used to compare CLABSI and non-CLABSI rates during the three phases. ResultsThe pooled mean (SD) incidence of CLABSI per 1,000 central line-days dropped from 7.4 (0.38) in phase I to 2.1 (0.13) in phase III (p
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13
Questions and answers on COVID-19
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 13.06.2023
Tilføjet 13.06.2023
Find more information on questions related to COVID-19 on infection, symptoms, guidelines, the situation, in the EU, vaccines, travel, and children.
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14
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroassay sensitivity: a systematic review and modelling study
Nana Owusu-Boaitey, Timothy W Russell, Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz, Andrew T Levin and Daniel Herrera-Esposito
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
BackgroundSerological surveys have been the gold standard to estimate numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections, the dynamics of the epidemic, and disease severity. Serological assays have decaying sensitivity with time that can bias their results, but there is a lack of guidelines to account for this phenomenon for SARS-CoV-2. AimOur goal was to assess the sensitivity decay of seroassays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections, the dependence of this decay on assay characteristics, and to provide a simple method to correct for this phenomenon. MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 serology studies. We included studies testing previously diagnosed, unvaccinated individuals, and excluded studies of cohorts highly unrepresentative of the general population (e.g. hospitalised patients). ResultsOf the 488 screened studies, 76 studies reporting on 50 different seroassays were included in the analysis. Sensitivity decay depended strongly on the antigen and the analytic technique used by the assay, with average sensitivities ranging between 26% and 98% at 6 months after infection, depending on assay characteristics. We found that a third of the included assays departed considerably from manufacturer specifications after 6 months. ConclusionsSeroassay sensitivity decay depends on assay characteristics, and for some types of assays, it can make manufacturer specifications highly unreliable. We provide a tool to correct for this phenomenon and to assess the risk of decay for a given assay. Our analysis can guide the design and interpretation of serosurveys for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens and quantify systematic biases in the existing serology literature.
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15
Evaluating the effect of targeted strategies as control tools for hypervirulent meningococcal C outbreaks: a case study from Tuscany, Italy, 2015 to 2016
Giorgio Guzzetta, Marco Ajelli, Alessandro Miglietta, Cecilia Fazio, Arianna Neri, Stefano Merler, Giovanni Rezza and Paola Stefanelli
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
BackgroundMeningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis) is the causative bacteria of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), a major cause of meningitis and sepsis. In 2015–16, an outbreak caused by serogroup C meningococci (MenC), belonging to the hyperinvasive strain ST-11(cc-11), resulted in 62 IMD cases in the region of Tuscany, Italy. AimWe aimed to estimate the key outbreak parameters and assess the impact of interventions used in the outbreak response. MethodsWe developed a susceptible-carrier-susceptible individual-based model of MenC transmission, accounting for transmission in households, schools, discos/clubs and the general community, which was informed by detailed data on the 2015–16 outbreak (derived from epidemiological investigations) and on the implemented control measures. ResultsThe outbreak reproduction number (Re) was 1.35 (95% prediction interval: 1.13–1.47) and the IMD probability was 4.6 for every 1,000 new MenC carriage episodes (95% confidence interval: 1.8–12.2). The interventions, i.e. chemoprophylaxis and vaccination of close contacts of IMD cases as well as age-targeted vaccination, were effective in reducing Re and ending the outbreak. Case-based interventions (including ring vaccination) alone would have been insufficient to achieve outbreak control. The definition of age groups to prioritise vaccination had a critical impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of control measures. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there are no effective alternatives to widespread reactive vaccination during outbreaks of highly transmissible MenC strains. Age-targeted campaigns can increase the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. These results can be instrumental to define effective guidelines for the control of future meningococcal outbreaks caused by hypervirulent strains.
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16
Canada Invests in Long COVID Research, Clinical Guidelines
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 17.03.2023
The funding will help develop diagnostics, treatments, and rehabilitation strategies. Medscape Medical News
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17
Epidemiology of Herpes Zoster in the pre-vaccination era: establishing the baseline for vaccination programme’s impact in Spain
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 23.02.2023
Tilføjet 24.02.2023
BackgroundHerpes zoster (HZ) affects 1 in 3 persons in their lifetime, and the risk of HZ increases with increasing age and the presence of immunocompromising conditions. In Spain, vaccination guidelines were recently updated to include the recommendation of the new recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) for certain risk groups.AimTo describe the epidemiology of HZ-related hospitalisations in Spain in order to prioritise vaccination recommendations and define a baseline to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination policies.MethodsRetrospective study using the National Health System’s Hospital Discharge Records Database, including all HZ-related hospitalisations from 1998 to 2018.ResultsThe 65,401 HZ-related hospitalisations, corresponded to an annual mean hospitalisation rate of 6.75 per 100,000 population. There was an increasing trend of HZ hospitalisations over the study period. This rate was higher in males and older age groups, particularly over 65 years. Comorbidities with higher risk of readmission were leukaemia/lymphoma (RR 2.4; 95% CI: 2.3–2.6) and solid malignant neoplasm (RR 2.2; 95% CI: 2.1–2.4). Comorbidities associated with higher risk of mortality were leukaemia/lymphoma (RR 2.9; 95% CI: 2.7–3.2), solid malignant neoplasm (RR 2.9; 95% CI: 2.7–3.1) and HIV infection (RR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.8–2.7).ConclusionOf all patients hospitalised with HZ, those with greater risk of mortality or readmission belonged to the groups prioritised by the current vaccination recommendations of the Spanish Ministry of Health. Our study provided relevant information on clinical aspects of HZ and established the base for future assessments of vaccination policies.
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18
PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax: efficacy of delafloxacin treatment
ProMED, 11.02.2023
Tilføjet 11.02.2023
Anthrax -- Abstract--------Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of delafloxacin against _Bacillus anthracis_, the causative agent of anthrax.Methods: MICs were obtained according to CLSI guidelines for 30 virulent isolates and 14 attenuated antibiotic-resistant strains. For the in vivo efficacy study, mice were administered delafloxacin (30-62.5 mg/kg) subcutaneously, or ciprofloxacin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally beginning at either 24 or 48+-h post-challenge
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19
Prevalence of Meeting Aerobic, Muscle-Strengthening, and Combined Physical Activity Guidelines During Leisure Time Among Adults, by Rural-Urban Classification and Region - United States, 2020
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 27.01.2023
Tilføjet 27.01.2023
This report describes survey data showing a low proportion of U.S. adults met leisure-time physical activity guidelines.
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20
PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (03): China, guidelines, vacc, immunity, sequelae, WHO
ProMED, 22.01.2023
Tilføjet 22.01.2023
COVID-19 -- ChinaOn 19 Jan 2023, there were 471 739 hospitalized cases of COVID-19 infection in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with 51 683 severe cases, including 3874 severe cases of COVID-19 infection[s] and 47 809 cases of COVID-19 infections with severe underlying medical conditions. From 13 to 19 Jan 2023, there were a total of 12 658 COVID-19-related deaths in 31 provinces and medical institutions
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21
EASA/ECDC provide guidelines for aviation as part of European response to COVID-19 developments in China
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 12.01.2023
Tilføjet 12.01.2023
Europe has agreed on measures to be applied in aviation in response to the specific localised worsening of the COVID-19 epidemiological situation in China, making recommendations which could potentially also be applied in other geographical regions in similar situations.
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22
Guidelines in response to the worsening of the epidemiological situation - Addendum to the Aviation Health Safety Protocol
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 12.01.2023
Tilføjet 12.01.2023
This document provides operational recommendations regarding the implementation of a set of measures that has been agreed by the Member States in the context of a precautionary approach to potential severe worsening of the COVID-19 epidemiological situation.
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23
PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st. Typhimurium - USA (02): (NE) alfalfa sprouts susp
ProMED, 27.12.2022
Tilføjet 27.12.2022
Salmonella -- United StatesAbstract--------'After a series of outbreaks associated with sprouts in the mid-1990s, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published guidelines in 1999 for sprouts producers to reduce the risk of contamination. The recommendations included treating seeds with an antimicrobial agent such as calcium hypochlorite solution and testing spent irrigation water for pathogens. From 1998 through 2010, 33 outbreaks from seed and bean sprouts were documented in the USA, affecting 1330 reported
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24
What Length Antibiotic Course for Prostatitis?
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 17.12.2022
Tilføjet 17.12.2022
With recent randomized trials, guidelines for treating urinary tract infections in men can now be based on solid data. Medscape Medical News
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25
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) data Reporting Protocol Version 6.2
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 15.12.2022
Tilføjet 15.12.2022
This Reporting Protocol provides guidelines for data managers in reporting countries on how to prepare data for submission to TESSy, deadlines for reporting, subject-specific information (e.g. new changes to metadata), and links to further information.
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26
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) Reporting Protocol Version 3.6
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 15.12.2022
Tilføjet 15.12.2022
This Reporting Protocol provides guidelines for data managers in reporting countries on how to prepare data for submission to TESSy, deadlines for reporting, subject-specific information (e.g. new changes to metadata), and links to further information.
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27
National medical specialty guidelines of HIV indicator conditions in Europe lack adequate HIV testing recommendations: a systematic guideline review
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 1.12.2022
Tilføjet 2.12.2022
BackgroundAdequate identification and testing of people at risk for HIV is fundamental for the HIV care continuum. A key strategy to improve timely testing is HIV indicator condition (IC) guided testing.AimTo evaluate the uptake of HIV testing recommendations in HIV IC-specific guidelines in European countries.MethodsBetween 2019 and 2021, European HIV experts reviewed guideline databases to identify all national guidelines of 62 HIV ICs. The proportion of HIV IC guidelines recommending HIV testing was reported, stratified by subgroup (HIV IC, country, eastern/western Europe, achievement of 90–90–90 goals and medical specialty).ResultsOf 30 invited European countries, 15 participated. A total of 791 HIV IC guidelines were identified: median 47 (IQR: 38–68) per country. Association with HIV was reported in 69% (545/791) of the guidelines, and 46% (366/791) recommended HIV testing, while 42% (101/242) of the AIDS-defining conditions recommended HIV testing. HIV testing recommendations were observed more frequently in guidelines in eastern (53%) than western (42%) European countries and in countries yet to achieve the 90–90–90 goals (52%) compared to those that had (38%). The medical specialties internal medicine, neurology/neurosurgery, ophthalmology, pulmonology and gynaecology/obstetrics had an HIV testing recommendation uptake below the 46% average. None of the 62 HIV ICs, countries or medical specialties had 100% accurate testing recommendation coverage in all their available HIV IC guidelines.ConclusionFewer than half the HIV IC guidelines recommended HIV testing. This signals an insufficient adoption of this recommendation in non-HIV specialty guidelines across Europe.
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28
PRO/AH/EDR> Monkeypox update (111): USA, alcohol rub, Netherlands, women/non-binary
ProMED, 25.11.2022
Tilføjet 25.11.2022
Monkeypox -- NetherlandsAbstract--------In 2009, the WHO proposed Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care, a document to implement use of 2 alcohol-based hand rubs (formulation I and II) for surgical and hygiene hand disinfection in healthcare settings and to reduce transmission of pathogens. However, inactivation efficacies of these products against MPVX [monkeypox virus] have not been determined. We evaluated the WHO-recommended alcohol-based formulations against MPXV and performed a comparative inactivation
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29
Without Guidelines, Docs Make Their Own Long COVID Protocols
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 23.11.2022
Tilføjet 23.11.2022
Diagnosing long COVID is something of an art for doctors who, without any formal criteria, say they know it when they see it. WebMD Health News
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30
AAP Issues Guidelines to Combat Rise in Respiratory Illness
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 22.11.2022
Tilføjet 22.11.2022
Recommendations to manage an unprecedented wave of infections include extra doses of antiviral therapy for children at high risk. Medscape Medical News
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31
As STDs Proliferate, Companies Rush to Market At-Home Test Kits
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 19.11.2022
Tilføjet 19.11.2022
The fame of at-home COVID tests has amplified calls from the public health sector and diagnostic companies to make home testing routine for sexually transmitted diseases. But FDA guidelines are lagging. Kaiser Health News
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32
Side Effects From COVID Vaccine Show Its Effectiveness
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 25.10.2022
Tilføjet 26.10.2022
"These findings support reframing postvaccination symptoms as signals of vaccine effectiveness and reinforce guidelines for vaccine boosters in older adults."
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33
CDC Updates STI Treatment Guidelines
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 12.10.2022
Tilføjet 12.10.2022
Newly updated sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines provide evidence-based diagnostic, management, and treatment recommendations.
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34
Sore Throat Becoming Dominant COVID Symptom: Reports
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 4.10.2022
Tilføjet 4.10.2022
"Many people are still using the government guidelines about symptoms, which are wrong."
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35
Physiatrist Group Issues First Guidelines for Long COVID in Kids
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 29.09.2022
Tilføjet 29.09.2022
The American Academy of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation issued two statements on how to assess and treat long COVID in kids, and to do the same for long COVID-related autonomic nervous system problems.
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36
Have Long COVID? Here's Where to Go for Care
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 20.09.2022
Tilføjet 20.09.2022
There aren't yet clear evidence-based clinical guidelines or best practices to point patients -- or their doctors -- in the right direction.
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37
Pediatricians Urge Flu Vaccine for Kids
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2022
Tilføjet 6.09.2022
Guidelines recommend that children 6 months and older be vaccinated annually.
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38
Monkeypox DNA levels correlate with virus infectivity in clinical samples, Israel, 2022
Nir Paran, Yfat Yahalom-Ronen, Ohad Shifman, Shirley Lazar, Ronen Ben-Ami, Michal Yakubovsky, Itzchak Levy, Anat Wieder-Feinsod, Sharon Amit, Michal Katzir, Noga Carmi-Oren, Ariela Levcovich, Mirit Hershman-Sarafov, Alona Paz, Rebecca Thomas, Hadas Tamir, Lilach Cherry-Mimran, Noam Erez, Sharon Melamed, Moria Barlev-Gross, Shay Karmi, Boaz Politi, Hagit Achdout, Shay Weiss, Haim Levy, Ofir Schuster, Adi Beth-Din and Tomer Israely
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 1.09.2022
Tilføjet 2.09.2022
The current monkeypox virus global spread and lack of data regarding clinical specimens’ infectivity call for examining virus infectivity, and whether this correlates with results from PCR, the available diagnostic tool. We show strong correlation between viral DNA amount in clinical specimens and virus infectivity toward BSC-1 cell line. Moreover, we define a PCR threshold value (Cq ≥ 35, ≤ 4,300 DNA copies/mL), corresponding to negative viral cultures, which may assist risk-assessment and decision-making regarding protective-measures and guidelines for patients with monkeypox.
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39
CDC Abdicates Responsibility
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2022
Tilføjet 18.08.2022
With its new COVID guidelines the CDC has forgotten about the "prevention" in both its name and its mission.
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40
FDA Expands Home Testing Guidelines for COVID Exposures
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 11.08.2022
Tilføjet 12.08.2022
The new guidance from the FDA is based on findings from a new study by University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School researchers showed the new timelines are more likely to detect an infection.
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41
QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Met the 2018 Federal Physical Activity Guidelines for Both Muscle-Strengthening and Aerobic Physical Activity, by Urbanization Level - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2020
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 7.07.2022
Tilføjet 7.07.2022
This report describes the percentage of adults who met physical activity guidelines for muscle-strengthening and aerobic physical activity.
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42
Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guideline for Testing of Transplant Candidates Aged
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 30.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
This report describes updated public health service guidelines for testing transplant candidates under 12 years of age for HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C.
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43
Environmental surveillance of Legionella in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain, 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2018
Antonio Doménech-Sánchez, Elena Laso, Clara I Berrocal and Sebastián Albertí
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 26.05.2022
Tilføjet 27.05.2022
Background
Legionnaires’ disease is a respiratory illness often associated with hotels and travel. Spain is a major tourist destination and one of the European countries with most cases of Legionnaires’ disease , both community- and travel-associated. However, the prevalence of Legionella in tourist facilities is unknown.
Aim
The present investigation aimed to survey the tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands, Spain, for Legionella prevalence.
Methods
We visited tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands in two different periods (2006–2010 and 2015–2018) and took water samples following national and international guidelines. Legionella was investigated by culture methods following international standards (ISO 11731:1998).
Results
We evaluated 13,472 samples from 465 facilities. Bacteria of the Legionella genus were detected in 65.4% of the surveyed facilities. Contamination of the facilities was significantly higher during the second decade (54.5 vs 78.6%). The most frequent colonisers were L. pneumophila serogroup 2–14. We detected the pathogen in 15.9% and 6.9% of hot and cold water distribution systems samples, respectively. The Legionella contamination rate in cold water systems samples was higher when free chlorine levels were < 0.2 mg/L and at > 25 °C temperatures, while in the hot water systems samples, the contamination rate was higher at < 50 °C. Of the samples from hot tubs, 10.9% were contaminated.
Conclusion
Legionella prevalence in hotels in the Balearic Islands was high but the contamination rates depended on the installations. Corrective measures are still needed to improve Legionella control.
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44
Should You Get a Second COVID-19 Vaccine Booster?
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2022
Tilføjet 16.05.2022
WebMD's Chief Medical Officer, John Whyte, MD, discusses the latest guidelines and recommendations on getting your second COVID-19 vaccine booster.
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45
CDC Updates Guidelines for Hepatitis Outbreak Among Children
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 12.05.2022
Tilføjet 13.05.2022
Unexplained hepatitis cases have been reported in children worldwide, reaching 450 cases and 11 deaths, according to the latest update from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
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46
COVID-19 Aviation Health Safety Protocol: Operational guidelines for the management of air passengers and aviation personnel in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 11.05.2022
Tilføjet 11.05.2022
The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) have updated their joint Aviation Health Safety Protocol providing clear operational guidance and risk-based recommendations for health-safe air travel to complement the European Union’s initiatives, such as the EU Digital COVID Certificates.
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47
Surveillance systems to monitor antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a global, systematic review, 1 January 2012 to 27 September 2020
Nicholas A Medland, Ye Zhang, Praveena Gunaratnam, David A Lewis, Basil Donovan, David M Whiley, Rebecca J Guy and John M Kaldor
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 5.05.2022
Tilføjet 6.05.2022
Background
Effective surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is required for the early detection of resistant strains and to ensure that treatment guidelines are appropriate for the setting in which they are implemented. AMR in N. gonorrhoeae has been identified as a global health threat.
Aim
We performed a systematic review to identify and describe surveillance systems targeting AMR in N. gonorrhoeae.
Methods
We searched Medline, PubMed, Global Health, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and ProQuest databases and grey literature between 1 January 2012 and 27 September 2020. Surveillance systems were defined as the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of N. gonorrhoeae resistance data. The key components of surveillance systems were extracted, categorised, described and summarised.
Results
We found 40 publications reporting on N. gonorrhoeae AMR surveillance systems in 27 countries and 10 multi-country or global surveillance reports. The proportion of countries with surveillance systems in each of the WHO's six regions ranged from one of 22 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean and five of 54 in Africa, to three of 11 countries in South East Asia. Only four countries report systems which are both comprehensive and national. We found no evidence of a current surveillance system in at least 148 countries. Coverage, representativeness, volume, clinical specimen source, type and epidemiological information vary substantially and limit interpretability and comparability of surveillance data for public health action.
Conclusion
Globally, surveillance for N. gonorrhoeae AMR is inadequate and leaves large populations vulnerable to a major public health threat.
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48
QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Met the Federal Guidelines for Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity,† by Age Group and Sex - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2020§
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 5.05.2022
Tilføjet 5.05.2022
This report describes the percentage of adults who met the federal guidelines for muscle-strengthening physical activity.
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HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis was associated with no impact on sexually transmitted infection prevalence in a high-prevalence population of predominantly men who have sex with men, Germany, 2018 to 2019
Hendrik Streeck, Klaus Jansen, Trevor A Crowell, Allahna Esber, Heiko K Jessen, Christiane Cordes, Stefan Scholten, Stephan Schneeweiss, Norbert Brockmeyer, Christoph D Spinner, Markus Bickel, Stefan Esser, Jukka Hartikainen, Albrecht Stoehr, Clara Lehmann, Ulrich Marcus, Jörg Janne Vehreschild, Alexandra Knorr, Anna-Lena Brillen, Carsten Tiemann, Merlin L Robb and Nelson L Michael
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 7.04.2022
Tilføjet 8.04.2022
Introduction
Despite increased use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Germany, HIV infection rates are not declining and little is known about how this prevention method affects the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM).
Aim
We studied, in a large multicentre cohort, STI point prevalence, co-infection rates, anatomical location and influence of PrEP.
Methods
The BRAHMS study was a prospective cohort study conducted at 10 sites in seven major German cities that enrolled MSM reporting increased sexual risk behaviour. At screening visits, MSM were tested for Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Treponema pallidum (TP), and given a behavioural questionnaire. With binomial regression, we estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of PrEP and STI.
Results
We screened 1,043 MSM in 2018 and 2019, with 53.0% currently using PrEP. At screening, 370 participants (35.5%) had an STI. The most common pathogen was MG in 198 (19.0%) participants, followed by CT (n = 133; 12.8%), NG (n = 105; 10.1%) and TP (n = 37; 3.5%). Among the 370 participants with at least one STI, 14.6% (n = 54) reported STI-related symptoms. Infection prevalence was highest at anorectal site (13.4% MG, 6.5% NG, 10.2% CT). PrEP use was not statistically significant in adjusted models for STI (PR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.91–1.32), NG/CT, only NG or only CT.
Conclusions
Prevalence of asymptomatic STI was high, and PrEP use did not influence STI prevalence in MSM eligible for PrEP according to national guidelines.
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50
Recurrent tuberculosis in the Netherlands – a 24-year follow-up study, 1993 to 2016
Connie Erkens, Betül Tekeli, Dick van Soolingen, Henrieke Schimmel and Suzanne Verver
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 24.03.2022
Tilføjet 25.03.2022
Background
Not all treated tuberculosis (TB) patients achieve long-term recovery and reactivation rates reflect effectiveness of TB treatment.
Aim
We aimed to estimate rates and risk factors of TB reactivation and reinfection in patients treated in the Netherlands, after completed or interrupted treatment.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study of TB patients with available DNA fingerprint data, registered in the Netherlands Tuberculosis register (NTR) between 1993 and 2016. Reactivation was defined as an identical, and reinfection as a non-identical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain in sequential episodes.
Results
Reactivation rate was 55/100,000 person-years (py) for patients who completed, and 318/100,000 py for patients who interrupted treatment. The risk of reactivation was highest in the first 5 years after treatment in both groups. The incidence rate of reactivation was 228/100,000 py in the first 2 years and 57/100,000 py 2–5 years after completed treatment. The overall rate of reinfection was 16/100,000 py. Among those who completed treatment, patients with male sex, mono or poly rifampicin-resistant TB and a previous TB episode had significantly higher risk of reactivation. Extrapulmonary TB was associated with a lower risk. Among patients who interrupted treatment, directly observed treatment (DOT) and being an undocumented migrant or people experiencing homelessness were associated with a higher risk of reactivation.
Conclusions
Both patients who completed or interrupted TB treatment should be considered as risk groups for reactivation for at least 2–5 years after treatment. They patients should be monitored and guidelines should be in place to enhance early detection of recurrent TB.
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