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1
No Increased Stroke Risk After COVID-19 Bivalent Vaccine
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
There is no increased risk for stroke during the 6 weeks following receipt of either brand of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine, new research shows. Medscape Medical News
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2
How COVID-19 Treatments Affect Patients With IBD
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 26.03.2024
Tilføjet 26.03.2024
Inflammatory bowel disease therapies for patients may need to be briefly halted during treatment for COVID-19, but it does not increase flares. Medscape Medical News
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3
Surveillance for Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Blastomycosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, 2019-2021
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
This report describes trends in coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis cases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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4
'Critical' to Catch Up on Measles Vaccinations to Stem Outbreaks, Says WHO
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
Vaccinating children who missed their measles shots during the COVID-19 pandemic is critical, a senior World Health Organization official said on Tuesday, as outbreaks of... Reuters Health Information
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5
Regional dissemination of NDM-1 producing Enterobacter hormaechei ST1740, with a subset of strains co-producing VIM-4 or IMP-13, France, 2019 to 2022
Inès Rezzoug, Cécile Emeraud, Christophe Rodriguez, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Rémy A. Bonnin and Laurent Dortet
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 15.03.2024
Tilføjet 15.03.2024
BackgroundFrom 2019 to 2022, the French National Reference Centre for Antibiotic Resistance (NRC) received a total of 25 isolates of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii sequence type (ST)1740. All produced metallo-β-lactamase(s) and were from the Lyon area. AimTo understand these strains’ spread and evolution, more extended microbiological and molecular analyses were conducted. MethodsPatients’ demographics and specimen type related to isolates were retrieved. All strains underwent short-read whole genome sequencing, and for 15, long-read sequencing to understand carbapenemase-gene acquisition. Clonal relationships were inferred from core-genome single nt polymorphisms (SNPs). Plasmids and the close genetic environment of each carbapenemase-encoding gene were analysed. ResultsPatients (10 female/15 male) were on average 56.6 years old. Seven isolates were recovered from infections and 18 through screening. With ≤ 27 SNPs difference between each other’s genome sequences, the 25 strains represented a clone dissemination. All possessed a chromosome-encoded blaNDM-1 gene inside a composite transposon flanked by two IS3000. While spreading, the clone independently acquired a blaVIM-4-carrying plasmid of IncHI2 type (n = 12 isolates), or a blaIMP-13-carrying plasmid of IncP-1 type (n = 1 isolate). Of the 12 isolates co-producing NDM-1 and VIM-4, seven harboured the colistin resistance gene mcr9.2; the remaining five likely lost this gene through excision. ConclusionThis long-term outbreak was caused by a chromosome-encoded NDM-1-producing ST1740 E. hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii clone, which, during its dissemination, acquired plasmids encoding VIM-4 or IMP-13 metallo-β-lactamases. To our knowledge, IMP-13 has not prior been reported in Enterobacterales in France. Epidemiological and environmental investigations should be considered alongside microbiological and molecular ones.
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6
SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES: Surveillance of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water - United States, 2015-2020
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 12.03.2024
Tilføjet 12.03.2024
This report describes CDC surveillance of waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water during 2015-2020.
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7
During Pregnancy, Many Drugs Safe for Skin Infections
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 11.03.2024
Tilføjet 11.03.2024
Several drugs should be avoided or used with caution because of potential risks during pregnancy, a dermatologist told colleagues. Medscape Medical News
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8
Intrapartum Antibiotics Tied to Childhood Autoimmune Disease
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
Children exposed to antibiotics during birth may be at increased risk for autoimmune disease in childhood, researchers in Finland have found. Medscape Medical News
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9
Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to Swedish pre-washed rocket salad, Sweden, September to November 2022
Karolina Fischerström, Rikard Dryselius, Mats Lindblad, Sharon Kühlmann-Berenzon, Nadja Karamehmedovic, Stefan Börjesson, Nasanin Hashemi, Ingrid Gunn, Ann-Mari Gustavsson, Nilla Lindroos, Joanna Nederby-Öhd, Micael Widerström, Ruska Rimhanen-Finne, Anni Vainio and Moa Rehn
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
In September 2022, the Public Health Agency of Sweden observed an increase in domestic Salmonella Typhimurium cases through the Swedish electronic notification system, and an outbreak strain was identified with whole genome sequencing. Overall, 109 cases with symptom onset between 17 September and 24 November 2022 were reported from 20 of 21 Swedish regions. The median age of cases was 52 years (range 4–87 years) and 62% were female. A case–control study found cases to be associated with consumption of rocket salad (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4–10, p value
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10
Projecting COVID-19 intensive care admissions for policy advice, the Netherlands, February 2020 to January 2021
Don Klinkenberg, Jantien Backer, Nicolette de Keizer and Jacco Wallinga
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
BackgroundModel projections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence help policymakers about decisions to implement or lift control measures. During the pandemic, policymakers in the Netherlands were informed on a weekly basis with short-term projections of COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. AimWe aimed at developing a model on ICU admissions and updating a procedure for informing policymakers. MethodThe projections were produced using an age-structured transmission model. A consistent, incremental update procedure integrating all new surveillance and hospital data was conducted weekly. First, up-to-date estimates for most parameter values were obtained through re-analysis of all data sources. Then, estimates were made for changes in the age-specific contact rates in response to policy changes. Finally, a piecewise constant transmission rate was estimated by fitting the model to reported daily ICU admissions, with a changepoint analysis guided by Akaike\'s Information Criterion. ResultsThe model and update procedure allowed us to make weekly projections. Most 3-week prediction intervals were accurate in covering the later observed numbers of ICU admissions. When projections were too high in March and August 2020 or too low in November 2020, the estimated effectiveness of the policy changes was adequately adapted in the changepoint analysis based on the natural accumulation of incoming data. ConclusionThe model incorporates basic epidemiological principles and most model parameters were estimated per data source. Therefore, it had potential to be adapted to a more complex epidemiological situation with the rise of new variants and the start of vaccination.
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11
AstraZeneca to Invest 650 Million Pounds in UK to Boost Pandemic Preparedness
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 7.03.2024
Tilføjet 7.03.2024
AstraZeneca plans to invest 650 million pounds ($826.80 million) in Britain to boost research, development and manufacturing of vaccines, the government announced on... Reuters Health Information
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12
WHO Warns Of Growing Resistance to GSK's HIV Drug
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
The World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday resistance to GSK\'s HIV drug dolutegravir has exceeded levels observed during its trials, citing observational and survey... Reuters Health Information
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13
Ongoing measles outbreak, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, December 2023 to February 2024
Sanjin Musa, Irma Salimović-Bešić, Jasmina Brkić Džambić, Nijaz Tihić, Anisa Bajramović, Suzana Arapčić, Amela Dedeić-Ljubović and Siniša Skočibušić
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
We report on an ongoing measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with 141 cases notified between week 52 2023 and week 6 2024. Among those with known vaccination status, 97% were unvaccinated and the most affected group is children under the age of 5 years (n = 87) who were not vaccinated during the pandemic years. Sixty-eight cases were hospitalised, the most common complications were measles-related pneumonia and diarrhoea. The sequenced measles viruses from four cases belonged to genotype D8.
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14
QuickStats: Percentage of Children and Adolescents Aged 5-17 Years Who Had Chronic School Absenteeism Due to Illness, Injury, or Disability During the Past 12 Months, by Age Group and Year - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019 and 2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
This report describes the percentage of children and adolescents who had chronic school absences due to illness, injury, or disability.
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15
Longer IV Ertapenem Course Beneficial for Recalcitrant HS
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
2019 treatment guidelines published recommended ertapenem as a highly effective third-line therapy limited to a shorter course, as rescue therapy or during surgical planning. MDedge News
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16
Application of the screening method for estimating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness using routine surveillance data: Germany’s experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, July 2021 to March 2023
Nita Perumal, Viktoria Schönfeld and Ole Wichmann
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
The screening method represents a simple, quick, and practical tool for estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE) using routine disease surveillance and vaccine coverage data, even if these data cannot be linked. In Germany, where notification data, laboratory testing data, and vaccine coverage data cannot be linked due to strict data protection requirements, the screening method was used to assess COVID-19 VE continuously between July 2021 and March 2023. During this period, when Delta and Omicron variants circulated, VE estimates were produced in real-time for different age groups and clinical outcomes. Here we describe the country’s overall positive experience using the screening method, including its strengths and limitations, and provide practical guidance regarding a few issues, such as case definition stringency, testing behaviour, and data stratification, that require careful consideration during data analysis and the interpretation of the results.
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17
Measuring waning protection from seasonal influenza vaccination during nine influenza seasons, Ontario, Canada, 2010/11 to 2018/19
Hannah Chung, Michael A Campitelli, Sarah A Buchan, Aaron Campigotto, Natasha S Crowcroft, Jonathan B Gubbay, James KH Jung, Timothy Karnauchow, Kevin Katz, Allison J McGeer, J Dayre McNally, David C Richardson, Susan E Richardson, Laura C Rosella, Margaret L Russell, Kevin L Schwartz, Andrew Simor, Marek Smieja, Maria E Sundaram, Bryna F Warshawsky, George Zahariadis, Jeffrey C Kwong and on behalf of the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Provincial Collaborative Network (PCN) Investigators
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
BackgroundWaning immunity from seasonal influenza vaccination can cause suboptimal protection during peak influenza activity. However, vaccine effectiveness studies assessing waning immunity using vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals are subject to biases. AimWe examined the association between time since vaccination and laboratory-confirmed influenza to assess the change in influenza vaccine protection over time. MethodsUsing linked laboratory and health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, we identified community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 6 months who received an influenza vaccine before being tested for influenza by RT-PCR during the 2010/11 to 2018/19 influenza seasons. We estimated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for laboratory-confirmed influenza by time since vaccination (categorised into intervals) and for every 28 days. ResultsThere were 53,065 individuals who were vaccinated before testing for influenza, with 10,264 (19%) influenza-positive cases. The odds of influenza increased from 1.05 (95% CI: 0.91–1.22) at 42–69 days after vaccination and peaked at 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04–1.55) at 126–153 days when compared with the reference interval (14–41 days). This corresponded to 1.09-times increased odds of influenza every 28 days (aOR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.15). Individuals aged 18–64 years showed the greatest decline in protection against influenza A(H1N1) (aORper 28 days = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.97–1.64), whereas for individuals aged ≥ 65 years, it was against influenza A(H3N2) (aORper 28 days = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08–1.33). We did not observe evidence of waning vaccine protection for individuals aged
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18
Wastewater-based reproduction numbers and projections of COVID-19 cases in three areas in Japan, November 2021 to December 2022
Shogo Miyazawa, Ting Sam Wong, Genta Ito, Ryo Iwamoto, Kozo Watanabe, Michiel van Boven, Jacco Wallinga and Fuminari Miura
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
BackgroundWastewater surveillance has expanded globally as a means to monitor spread of infectious diseases. An inherent challenge is substantial noise and bias in wastewater data because of the sampling and quantification process, limiting the applicability of wastewater surveillance as a monitoring tool. AimTo present an analytical framework for capturing the growth trend of circulating infections from wastewater data and conducting scenario analyses to guide policy decisions. MethodsWe developed a mathematical model for translating the observed SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater into effective reproduction numbers. We used an extended Kalman filter to infer underlying transmissions by smoothing out observational noise. We also illustrated the impact of different countermeasures such as expanded vaccinations and non-pharmaceutical interventions on the projected number of cases using three study areas in Japan during 2021–22 as an example. ResultsObserved notified cases were matched with the range of cases estimated by our approach with wastewater data only, across different study areas and virus quantification methods, especially when the disease prevalence was high. Estimated reproduction numbers derived from wastewater data were consistent with notification-based reproduction numbers. Our projections showed that a 10–20% increase in vaccination coverage or a 10% reduction in contact rate may suffice to initiate a declining trend in study areas. ConclusionOur study demonstrates how wastewater data can be used to track reproduction numbers and perform scenario modelling to inform policy decisions. The proposed framework complements conventional clinical surveillance, especially when reliable and timely epidemiological data are not available.
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19
Epidemiological update: West Nile virus transmission season in Europe, 2023
ECDC
ECDC Epidemiological Update, 20.02.2024
Tilføjet 20.02.2024
During the 2023 West Nile virus transmission season, and as of 4 January 2024, 709 locally acquired human cases of West Nile virus infection, including 67 deaths, were reported by nine European Union countries.
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20
Epidemiology of reported cases of leptospirosis in the EU/EEA, 2010 to 2021
Julien Beauté, Francesco Innocenti, Aristos Aristodimou, Michaela Špačková, Caroline Eves, Natalia Kerbo, Ruska Rimhanen-Finne, Mathieu Picardeau, Mirko Faber, Georgios Dougas, Anna Margrét Halldórsdóttir, Sarah Jackson, Viktorija Leitēna, Anne Vergison, Maria Louise Borg, Roan Pijnacker, Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys, João Vieira Martins, Lavinia Cipriana Rusu, Eva Grilc, Rosa M Estévez-Reboredo, Taina Niskanen and Therese Westrell
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
BackgroundLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Humans are infected by exposure to animal urine or urine-contaminated environments. Although disease incidence is lower in Europe compared with tropical regions, there have been reports of an increase in leptospirosis cases since the 2000s in some European countries. AimWe aimed to describe the epidemiology of reported cases of leptospirosis in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) during 2010−2021 and to identify potential changes in epidemiological patterns. MethodsWe ran a descriptive analysis of leptospirosis cases reported by EU/EEA countries to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control with disease during 2010−2021. We also analysed trends at EU/EEA and national level. ResultsDuring 2010–2021, 23 countries reported 12,180 confirmed leptospirosis cases corresponding to a mean annual notification rate of 0.24 cases per 100,000 population. Five countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal and Romania) accounted for 79% of all reported cases. The highest notification rate was observed in Slovenia with 0.82 cases per 100,000 population. Overall, the notification rate increased by 5.0% per year from 2010 to 2021 (95% CI: 1.2–8.8%), although trends differed across countries. ConclusionThe notification rate of leptospirosis at EU/EEA level increased during 2010−2021 despite including the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated changes in population behaviours. Studies at (sub)national level would help broaden the understanding of differences at country-level and specificities in terms of exposure to Leptospira, as well as biases in diagnosis and reporting.
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21
QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Were Advised During the Past 12 Months by a Doctor or Other Health Professional to Increase Their Amount of Physical Activity or Exercise, by Age Group and Sex - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
This report describes the percentage of adults who were advised by a health professional to increase their physical activity.
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22
Surveillance for Lyme Disease After Implementation of a Revised Case Definition - United States, 2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
This report describes the first year of Lyme disease surveillance data collected using the 2022 case definition compared to cases reported during 2017-2019.
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23
Laboratory Support for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 for Europe: AURORAE
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 15.02.2024
Tilføjet 15.02.2024
AURORAE provides laboratory support for surveillance, preparedness and response to COVID-19 and influenza and strengthens the capacity for genomic epidemiology and public health bioinformatics through interdisciplinary training, which is crucial for response during a pandemic or unexpected major public health events.
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24
Comparison of Administration of 8-Milligram and 4-Milligram Intranasal Naloxone by Law Enforcement During Response to Suspected Opioid Overdose - New York, March 2022-August 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
This report describes real-world comparisons of survival, the average number of doses administered, the presence of postnaloxone signs and symptoms, and hospital transport refusal among people receiving 8-mg and 4-mg intranasal naloxone.
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25
Europe Needs to Get on Top of Its Measles Outbreak
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
An alarming rise in measles cases across Europe is blamed on low vaccine uptake during the pandemic and vaccine mistrust. Medscape Medical News
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26
Notes from the Field: Dengue Outbreak - Peru, 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2.02.2024
Tilføjet 2.02.2024
This report describes an increase in dengue cases in Peru during 2023.
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27
Notes from the Field: Severe Vibrio vulnificus Infections During Heat Waves - Three Eastern U.S. States, July-August 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2.02.2024
Tilføjet 2.02.2024
This report describes cases of Vibrio vulnificus infections after a period of heat waves in three eastern U.S. states.
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28
Surveillance for Acute Flaccid Myelitis - United States, 2018-2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2.02.2024
Tilføjet 2.02.2024
This report describes acute flaccid myelitis cases in the U.S. during 2018-2022.
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29
Healthcare Workers Face Increased Risks During the Pandemic
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 1.02.2024
Tilføjet 1.02.2024
Healthcare workers have higher risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and mental distress during the pandemic than the general population, data suggested. Medscape Medical News
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30
Europe Approves Exblifep for UTIs and Pneumonia
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
Exblifep is as effective as piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, the European Medicines Agency said. Medscape Medical News
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31
Vaccination coverage in the EU/EEA during Autumn 2023 campaigns
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
Nearly 20 million people aged 60 years and above received COVID-19 vaccines during the autumn / winter campaign in the EU/EEA
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32
Interim COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the EU/EEA during the 2023–24 season campaigns
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
This report presents an interim description of COVID-19 vaccine coverage in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) between 1 September 2023 and January 2024.
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33
Impact of nirsevimab prophylaxis on paediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospitalisations during the initial 2023/24 season in Luxembourg
Corinna Ernst, Dritan Bejko, Leo Gaasch, Emilie Hannelas, Isaline Kahn, Charlotte Pierron, Nesrine Del Lero, Claude Schalbar, Elsa Do Carmo, Michel Kohnen, Emmanuelle Andlauer, Pauline Hublart, Silvana Masi, Isabel de la Fuente Garcia, Anne Vergison and Joël Mossong
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
After Luxembourg introduced nirsevimab immunisation against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), estimated neonatal coverage was 84% (1,277 doses/1,524 births) in 2023. That year, paediatric RSV-related hospitalisations, especially concerning infants
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34
South America Dengue Spike Prompts Vaccination Drive as Bug Spray Runs Out
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
South America is seeing a surge in cases of the mosquito-borne disease dengue during the southern hemisphere summer, prompting Brazil to roll out a novel vaccine campaign,... Reuters Health Information
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35
Early-onset group B streptococcal infections in five Nordic countries with different prevention policies, 1995 to 2019
Verna Björklund, Harri Saxén, Olof Hertting, Emma Louise Malchau Carlsen, Steen Hoffmann, Stellan Håkansson, Valtýr Stefánsson Thors, Ásgeir Haraldsson, Anne Karin Brigtsen, Henrik Döllner, Heikki Huhtamäki, Tytti Pokka, Terhi Susanna Ruuska and Nordic Research Network for Paediatric Infectious Diseases Study Group (NORDPID)
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
BackgroundNeonatal early-onset disease caused by group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of infant morbidity. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is effective in preventing early-onset GBS disease, but there is no agreement on the optimal strategy for identifying the pregnant women requiring this treatment, and both risk-based prophylaxis (RBP) and GBS screening-based prophylaxis (SBP) are used. AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SBP as a public health intervention on the epidemiology of early-onset GBS infections. MethodsIn 2012, Finland started the universal SBP, while Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden continued with RBP. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis taking 2012 as the intervention point to evaluate the impact of this intervention. The incidences of early- and late-onset GBS infections during Period I (1995–2011) and Period II (2012–2019) were collected from each national register, covering 6,605,564 live births. ResultsIn Finland, a reduction of 58% in the incidence of early-onset GBS disease, corresponding to an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.34–0.52), was observed after 2012. At the same time, the pooled IRR of other Nordic countries was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80–1.0), specifically 0.89 (95% CI: 0.70–1.5) in Denmark, 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15–0.81) in Iceland, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59–0.88) in Norway and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.85–1.1) in Sweden. ConclusionsIn this ecological study of five Nordic countries, early-onset GBS infections were approximately halved following introduction of the SBP approach as compared with RBP.
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36
Time trends and modifiable factors of COVID-19 contact tracing coverage, Geneva, Switzerland, June 2020 to February 2022
Denis Mongin, Nils Bürgisser, the Covid-SMC Study Group and Delphine Sophie Courvoisier
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
BackgroundContact tracing was one of the central non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented worldwide to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but its effectiveness depends on its ability to detect contacts. AimEvaluate the proportion of secondary infections captured by the contact tracing system in Geneva. MethodsWe analysed 166,892 concomitant infections occurring at the same given address from June 2020 until February 2022 using an extensive operational database of SARS-CoV-2 tests in Geneva. We used permutation to compare the total number of secondary infections occurring at the same address with that reported through manual contact tracing. ResultsContact tracing captured on average 41% of secondary infections, varying from 23% during epidemic peaks to 60% during low epidemic activity. People living in wealthy neighbourhoods were less likely to report contacts (odds ratio (OR): 1.6). People living in apartment buildings were also less likely to report contacts than those living in a house (OR: 1.1–3.1) depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant, the building size and the presence of shops. This under-reporting of contacts in apartment buildings decreased during periods of mandatory wearing of face masks and restrictions on private gatherings. ConclusionContact tracing alone did not detect sufficient secondary infections to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Campaigns targeting specific populations, such as those in wealthy areas or apartment buildings, could enhance coverage. Additionally, measures like wearing face masks, improving ventilation and implementing restrictions on gatherings should also be considered to reduce infections resulting from interactions that may not be perceived as high risk.
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37
Effectiveness of the adapted bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalisation in individuals aged ≥ 60 years during the Omicron XBB lineage-predominant period: VEBIS SARI VE network, Europe, February to August, 2023
Liliana Antunes, Clara Mazagatos, Iván Martínez-Baz, Verónica Gomez, Maria-Louise Borg, Goranka Petrović, Róisín Duffy, François E Dufrasne, Ralf Dürrwald, Mihaela Lazar, Ligita Jancoriene, Beatrix Oroszi, Petr Husa, Jennifer Howard, Aryse Melo, Francisco Pozo, Gloria Pérez-Gimeno, Jesús Castilla, Ausenda Machado, Aušra Džiugytė, Svjetlana Karabuva, Margaret Fitzgerald, Sébastien Fierens, Kristin Tolksdorf, Silvia-Odette Popovici, Auksė Mickienė, Gergő Túri, Lenka Součková, Nathalie Nicolay, Angela MC Rose and on behalf of the European Hospital Vaccine Effectiveness Group
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
We conducted a multicentre hospital-based test-negative case–control study to measure the effectiveness of adapted bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron XBB lineage-predominant period in patients aged ≥ 60 years with severe acute respiratory infection from five countries in Europe. Bivalent vaccines provided short-term additional protection compared with those vaccinated > 6 months before the campaign: from 80% (95% CI: 50 to 94) for 14–89 days post-vaccination, 15% (95% CI: −12 to 35) at 90–179 days, and lower to no effect thereafter.
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38
Mpox Outbreak - Los Angeles County, California, May 4-August 17, 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
This report describes an mpox outbreak in Los Angeles County, California during summer 2023.
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39
Impact of sex and gender on post-COVID-19 syndrome, Switzerland, 2020
Caroline E Gebhard, Claudia Sütsch, Pimrapat Gebert, Bianca Gysi, Susan Bengs, Atanas Todorov, Manja Deforth, Philipp K Buehler, Alexander Meisel, Reto A Schuepbach, Annelies S Zinkernagel, Silvio D Brugger, Claudio Acevedo, Dimitri Patriki, Benedikt Wiggli, Jürg H Beer, Andrée Friedl, Raphael Twerenbold, Gabriela M Kuster, Hans Pargger, Sarah Tschudin-Sutter, Joerg C Schefold, Thibaud Spinetti, Chiara Henze, Mina Pasqualini, Dominik F Sager, Lilian Mayrhofer, Mirjam Grieder, Janna Tontsch, Fabian C Franzeck, Pedro D Wendel Garcia, Daniel A Hofmaenner, Thomas Scheier, Jan Bartussek, Ahmed Haider, Muriel Grämer, Nidaa Mikail, Alexia Rossi, Núria Zellweger, Petra Opić, Angela Portmann, Roland von Känel, Aju P Pazhenkottil, Michael Messerli, Ronny R Buechel, Philipp A Kaufmann, Valerie Treyer, Martin Siegemund, Ulrike Held, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek and Catherine Gebhard
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
BackgroundWomen are overrepresented among individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Biological (sex) as well as sociocultural (gender) differences between women and men might account for this imbalance, yet their impact on PASC is unknown. AimWe assessed the impact of sex and gender on PASC in a Swiss population. MethodOur multicentre prospective cohort study included 2,856 (46% women, mean age 44.2 ± 16.8 years) outpatients and hospitalised patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. ResultsAmong those who remained outpatients during their first infection, women reported persisting symptoms more often than men (40.5% vs 25.5% of men; p
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40
Increase of respiratory illnesses among children in Beijing, China, during the autumn and winter of 2023
Cheng Gong, Fang Huang, Luodan Suo, Xuejiao Guan, Lu Kang, Hui Xie, Geng Hu, Peng Yang and Quanyi Wang
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
In 2023, through an ongoing respiratory pathogen surveillance system, we observed from mid-September onwards, an increase of respiratory illness among children aged ≤ 15 years presenting at hospital outpatient clinics in Beijing, China. Data indicated that illness was caused by multiple pathogens, predominantly Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Seasonality, periodicity and high prevalence of resistance to macrolide (30 of 30 strains sequenced with the A2063G mutation) were important characteristics of the M. pneumoniae epidemic, which resulted in a rise in consultations at specialised paediatric hospitals.
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Notes from the Field: Supply Interruptions of First- and Second-Line Oral Drugs to Treat Tuberculosis During the Previous 12 Months - California, January-March, 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
This report describes a survey among tuberculosis (TB) programs in California to assess delays and shortages of TB drugs.
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42
Acute respiratory infections in the EU/EEA: epidemiological update and current public health recommendations
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
Several viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens are expected to continue co-circulating at variable levels during the coming months, and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality during this period. This is typical of every winter season.
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Acute respiratory infections in the EU/EEA: epidemiological update and current public health recommendations
ECDC
ECDC Epidemiological Update, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
Several viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens are expected to continue co-circulating at variable levels during the coming months, and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality during this period. This is typical of every winter season.
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Mpox outbreak in France: epidemiological characteristics and sexual behaviour of cases aged 15 years or older, 2022
Catarina Krug, Arnaud Tarantola, Emilie Chazelle, Erica Fougère, Annie Velter, Anne Guinard, Yvan Souares, Anna Mercier, Céline François, Katia Hamdad, Laetitia Tan-Lhernould, Anita Balestier, Hana Lahbib, Nicolas Etien, Pascale Bernillon, Virginie De Lauzun, Julien Durand, Myriam Fayad, Investigation Team, Henriette De Valk, François Beck, Didier Che, Bruno Coignard, Florence Lot and Alexandra Mailles
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
BackgroundLocally-acquired mpox cases were rarely reported outside Africa until May 2022, when locally-acquired-mpox cases occurred in various European countries. AimWe describe the mpox epidemic in France, including demographic and behavioural changes among a subset of cases, during its course. MethodsData were retrieved from the enhanced national surveillance system until 30 September 2022. Laboratory-confirmed cases tested positive for monkeypox virus or orthopoxviruses by PCR; non-laboratory-confirmed cases had clinical symptoms and an epidemiological link to a laboratory-confirmed case. A subset of ≥ 15-year-old male cases, notified until 1 August, was interviewed for epidemiological, clinical and sexual behaviour information. Association of symptom-onset month with quantitative outcomes was evaluated by t- or Wilcoxon tests, and with binary outcomes, by Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher exact tests. ResultsA total of 4,856 mpox cases were notified, mostly in Île-de-France region (62%; 3,025/4,855). Cases aged ≥ 15 years were predominantly male (97%; 4,668/4,812), with 37 years (range: 15–81) as mean age. Between May and July, among the subset interviewed, mpox cases increased in regions other than Île-de-France, and mean age rose from 35 (range: 21–64) to 38 years (range: 16–75; p = 0.007). Proportions of cases attending men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) meeting venues declined from 60% (55/91) to 46% (164/359; p = 0.012); median number of sexual partners decreased from four (interquartile range (IQR): 1–10) to two (IQR: 1–4; p
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Prospective 25-year surveillance of prion diseases in France, 1992 to 2016: a slow waning of epidemics and an increase in observed sporadic forms
Angéline Denouel, Jean-Philippe Brandel, Laurène Peckeu-Abboud, Danielle Seilhean, Elodie Bouaziz-Amar, Isabelle Quadrio, Jean-Baptiste Oudart, Sylvain Lehmann, Pantxika Bellecave, Jean-Louis Laplanche and Stéphane Haik
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
BackgroundPrion diseases are rare, fatal disorders that have repeatedly raised public health concerns since the early 1990s. An active prion disease surveillance network providing national level data was implemented in France in 1992. AimWe aimed to describe the epidemiology of sporadic, genetic and infectious forms of prion diseases in France since surveillance implementation. MethodsWe included all suspected cases notified from January 1992 to December 2016, and cases who died during the period with a definite or probable prion disease diagnosis according to EuroCJD criteria. Demographic, clinical, genetic, neuropathological and biochemical data were collected. ResultsIn total, 25,676 suspected cases were notified and 2,907 were diagnosed as prion diseases, including 2,510 (86%) with sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD), 240 (8%) genetic and 157 (6%) with infectious prion disease. Suspected cases and sCJD cases increased over time. Younger sCJD patients (≤ 50 years) showed phenotypes related to a distinct molecular subtype distribution vs those above 50 years. Compared to other European countries, France has had a higher number of cases with iatrogenic CJD after growth hormone treatment and variant CJD (vCJD) linked to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (second after the United Kingdom), but numbers slowly decreased over time. ConclusionWe observed a decrease of CJD infectious forms, demonstrating the effectiveness of measures to limit human exposure to exogenous prions. However, active surveillance is needed regarding uncertainties about future occurrences of vCJD, possible zoonotic potential of chronic wasting diseases in cervids and increasing trends of sCJD observed in France and other countries.
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence of highly resistant microorganisms in hospitalised patients in the Netherlands, March 2020 to August 2022
Wieke Altorf-van der Kuil, Cornelia CH Wielders, Romy D Zwittink, Sabine C de Greeff, Dave A. Dongelmans, Ed J Kuijper, Daan W Notermans, Annelot F Schoffelen and on behalf of the study collaborators ISIS-AR study group
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in adaptation in infection control measures, increased patient transfer, high occupancy of intensive cares, downscaling of non-urgent medical procedures and decreased travelling. AimTo gain insight in the influence of these changes on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence in the Netherlands, a country with a low AMR prevalence, we estimated changes in demographics and prevalence of six highly resistant microorganisms (HRMO) in hospitalised patients in the Netherlands during COVID-19 waves (March–June 2020, October 2020–June 2021, October 2021–May 2022 and June–August 2022) and interwaves (July–September 2020 and July–September 2021) compared with pre-COVID-19 (March 2019–February 2020). MethodsWe investigated data on routine bacteriology cultures of hospitalised patients, obtained from 37 clinical microbiological laboratories participating in the national AMR surveillance. Demographic characteristics and HRMO prevalence were calculated as proportions and rates per 10,000 hospital admissions. ResultsAlthough no significant persistent changes in HRMO prevalence were detected, some relevant non-significant patterns were recognised in intensive care units. Compared with pre-COVID-19 we found a tendency towards higher prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during waves and lower prevalence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa during interwaves. Additionally, during the first three waves, we observed significantly higher proportions and rates of cultures with Enterococcus faecium (pooled 10% vs 6% and 240 vs 120 per 10,000 admissions) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (pooled 21% vs 14% and 500 vs 252 per 10,000 admissions) compared with pre-COVID-19. ConclusionWe observed no substantial changes in HRMO prevalence in hospitalised patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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QuickStats: Percentage of Women Who Smoked Cigarettes During Pregnancy, by Race and Hispanic Origin - National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2016 and 2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
This report describes the percentage of women who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy.
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Notes from the Field: COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Changes in Blood Lead Screening - Chicago, Illinois, 2017-2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
This report describes decreases in blood lead level testing among young children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Anxiety, Depression Soared in Young Adults During Pandemic
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
More than a third of young adults living in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced anxiety and/or depression, an outcome that may be related to economic or social uncertainty. Medscape Medical News
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Factors associated with parental intention to vaccinate their child against influenza, Finland, February to March, 2022: a web-based survey
Idil Hussein, Simopekka Vänskä, Jonas Sivelä, Tuija Leino and Hanna Nohynek
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
BackgroundInfluenza vaccination for children aged 6 months to 6 years is included in the national vaccination programme in Finland. Although all vaccines in the programme are free of charge, national coverage of influenza vaccination among children under 3 years and 3–6 years during 2020/21 was 43% and 35% respectively, with regional differences. AimTo assess factors underlying parental vaccination intention in order to increase influenza vaccine uptake among children. MethodsWe conducted a web-based survey among parents (n = 17,844) of randomly selected eligible children (aged 6 months–6 years) in February–March 2022 in five Finnish municipalities from regions of high and low coverage. Logistic regressions were used to determine associations between vaccination intention and e.g. sociodemographic factors, attitudes and knowledge. Linkage to the national vaccination register was used to confirm realisation of vaccination intention after the study. ResultsParticipation rate was 13% (n = 2,322 parents). Influenza knowledge, trust in official information, responding parent’s education level, adherence to the vaccination programme, number of children and changes in attitudes towards vaccination since COVID-19 were all associated with intention to vaccinate. Vaccination intention for children was 64%, and realised vaccination 51%. ConclusionDespite the low participation rate, both vaccinated and unvaccinated children were represented. Influenza vaccine uptake is not dependent on a single factor. Our results identified the need for open dialogue between parents and healthcare professionals, as the lack of vaccine being offered by healthcare professionals was the most reported reason for not vaccinating.
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